A

SEMINAR REPORT
ON
HYPER THREADING TECHNOLOGY

Submitted to: Submitted By:
Mr. Sa!ay B"ard#a! Me$"a
Le%turer o& Com'uter S%ie%e Ro(( o: )**+
M,% Com' S%.
Contents
-

Per&orma%e
Detai(,
Se%urity
'a,t
Ie&&i%ie%ie,
Pre,et . /uture
See a(,o
Re&ere%e,
E0tera( (i1,
Ite( Petium 2 'ro%e,,or t"at i%or'orate, Hy'er3T"readi$ Te%"o(o$y
-)4
Hy'er3t"readi$ #or1, by du'(i%ati$ %ertai ,e%tio, o& t"e 'ro%e,,or5t"o,e t"at ,tore
t"e ar%"ite%tura( ,tate5but ot du'(i%ati$ t"e mai e0e%utio re,our%e,. T"i, a((o#, a
"y'er3t"readi$ 'ro%e,,or to a''ear a, t#o 6(o$i%a(6 Hyper threading technology
Hyper-threading 7o&&i%ia((y Hyper-Threading Technology8 ad abbre9iated HT
Technology8 HTT or HT: i, Ite(;, term &or it, ,imu(taeou, mu(tit"readi$
im'(emetatio i t"eir <eo8 Petium 28 Atom8 Core i=8 Core i+ ad Core i> CP?,.
Hy'er3t"readi$ i, a Ite(3'ro'rietary te%"o(o$y u,ed to im'ro9e 'ara((e(i@atio o&
%om'utatio, 7doi$ mu(ti'(e ta,1, at o%e: 'er&ormed o PC mi%ro'ro%e,,or,. /or ea%"
'ro%e,,or %ore t"at i, '"y,i%a((y 're,et8 t"e o'erati$ ,y,tem addre,,e, t#o 9irtua(
'ro%e,,or,8 ad ,"are, t"e #or1(oad bet#ee t"em #"e 'o,,ib(e.
Hy'er3t"readi$ reAuire, o(y t"at t"e o'erati$ ,y,tem ,u''ort mu(ti'(e 'ro%e,,or,8 ad
Ite( re%ommed, di,ab(i$ HTT #"e u,i$ o'erati$ ,y,tem, t"at "a9e ot bee
o'timi@ed &or t"e te%"o(o$y.
Another definition of Hyper Threading Technology
A te%"o(o$y de9e(o'ed by Ite( t"at eab(e, mu(tit"readed ,o&t#are a''(i%atio, to
e0e%ute t"read, i 'ara((e( o a ,i$(e mu(ti3%ore 'ro%e,,or i,tead o& 'ro%e,,i$ t"read,
i a (iear &a,"io. O(der ,y,tem, too1 ad9ata$e o& dua(3'ro%e,,i$ t"readi$ i
,o&t#are by ,'(itti$ i,tru%tio, ito mu(ti'(e ,tream, ,o t"at more t"a oe 'ro%e,,or
%ou(d a%t u'o t"em at o%e.
Performance
T"e ad9ata$e, o& "y'er3t"readi$ are (i,ted a,: im'ro9ed ,u''ort &or mu(ti3t"readed
%ode8 a((o#i$ mu(ti'(e t"read, to ru ,imu(taeou,(y8 im'ro9ed rea%tio ad re,'o,e
time.
A%%ordi$ to Ite( t"e &ir,t im'(emetatio o(y u,ed +B more die area t"a t"e
%om'arab(e o3"y'ert"readed 'ro%e,,or8 but t"e 'er&orma%e #a, C+D=EB better.
Ite( %(aim, u' to a =EB 'er&orma%e im'ro9emet %om'ared #it" a ot"er#i,e
ideti%a(8 o3,imu(taeou, mu(tit"readi$ Petium 2. Ite( a(,o %(aim, ,i$i&i%at
'er&orma%e im'ro9emet, #it" a "y'er3t"readi$3eab(ed Petium 2 'ro%e,,or i ,ome
arti&i%ia( ite((i$e%e a($orit"m,. T"e 'er&orma%e im'ro9emet ,ee i, 9ery a''(i%atio3
de'edet8 "o#e9er8 ad ,ome 'ro$ram, a%tua((y ,(o# do# ,(i$"t(y #"e Hy'er
T"readi$ Te%"o(o$y i, tured o. T"i, i, due to t"e re'(ay ,y,tem o& t"e Petium 2
tyi$ u' 9a(uab(e e0e%utio re,our%e,8 t"ereby ,tar9i$ t"e ot"er t"read. 7T"e Petium 2
Pre,%ott %ore $aied a re'(ay Aueue8 #"i%" redu%e, e0e%utio time eeded &or t"e re'(ay
,y,tem8 but t"i, i, ot eou$" to %om'(ete(y o9er%ome t"e 'er&orma%e "it.: Ho#e9er8
ay 'er&orma%e de$radatio i, uiAue to t"e Petium 2 7due to 9ariou, ar%"ite%tura(
ua%e,:8 ad i, ot %"ara%teri,ti% o& ,imu(taeou, mu(tit"readi$ i $eera(
.
Details
Pro%e,,or, to t"e "o,t o'erati$ ,y,tem8 a((o#i$ t"e o'erati$ ,y,tem to ,%"edu(e t#o
t"read, or 'ro%e,,e, ,imu(taeou,(y. F"e e0e%utio re,our%e, #ou(d ot be u,ed by t"e
%urret ta,1 i a 'ro%e,,or #it"out "y'er3t"readi$8 ad e,'e%ia((y #"e t"e 'ro%e,,or i,
,ta((ed8 a "y'er3t"readi$ eAui''ed 'ro%e,,or %a u,e t"o,e e0e%utio re,our%e, to
e0e%ute aot"er ,%"edu(ed ta,1. 7T"e 'ro%e,,or may ,ta(( due to a %a%"e mi,,8 bra%"
mi,'redi%tio8 or data de'ede%y.:
T"i, te%"o(o$y i, tra,'aret to o'erati$ ,y,tem, ad 'ro$ram,. A(( t"at i, reAuired to
ta1e ad9ata$e o& "y'er3t"readi$ i, ,ymmetri% mu(ti'ro%e,,i$ 7SMP: ,u''ort i t"e
o'erati$ ,y,tem8 a, t"e (o$i%a( 'ro%e,,or, a''ear a, ,tadard ,e'arate 'ro%e,,or,.
It i, 'o,,ib(e to o'timi@e o'erati$ ,y,tem be"a9ior o mu(ti3'ro%e,,or "y'er3t"readi$
%a'ab(e ,y,tem,. /or e0am'(e8 %o,ider a SMP ,y,tem #it" t#o '"y,i%a( 'ro%e,,or, t"at
are bot" "y'er3t"readed 7&or a tota( o& &our (o$i%a( 'ro%e,,or,:. I& t"e o'erati$ ,y,tem;,
'ro%e,, ,%"edu(er i, ua#are o& "y'er3t"readi$ it #i(( treat a(( &our 'ro%e,,or, a, bei$
t"e ,ame. I& o(y t#o 'ro%e,,e, are e(i$ib(e to ru it mi$"t %"oo,e to ,%"edu(e t"o,e
'ro%e,,e, o t"e t#o (o$i%a( 'ro%e,,or, t"at "a''e to be(o$ to oe o& t"e '"y,i%a(
'ro%e,,or,G t"at 'ro%e,,or #ou(d be%ome e0treme(y bu,y #"i(e t"e ot"er #ou(d be id(e8
(eadi$ to 'oorer 'er&orma%e t"a i, 'o,,ib(e #it" better ,%"edu(i$. T"i, 'rob(em %a
be a9oided by im'ro9i$ t"e ,%"edu(er to treat (o$i%a( 'ro%e,,or, di&&eret(y &rom
'"y,i%a( 'ro%e,,or,G i a ,e,e8 t"i, i, a (imited &orm o& t"e ,%"edu(er %"a$e, t"at are
reAuired &or N?MA ,y,tem,.
Security
I May )EE+ Co(i Per%i9a( demo,trated t"at a ma(i%iou, t"read o'erati$ #it" (imited
'ri9i(e$e, %a moitor t"e e0e%utio o& aot"er t"read t"rou$" t"eir i&(ue%e o a ,"ared
data %a%"e8 a((o#i$ &or t"e t"e&t o& %ry'to$ra'"i% 1ey,.
-=4
Note t"at #"i(e t"e atta%1
de,%ribed i t"e 'a'er #a, demo,trated o a Ite( Petium 2 'ro%e,,or #it" HTT8 t"e
,ame te%"iAue, %ou(d t"eoreti%a((y a''(y to ay ,y,tem #"ere %a%"e, are ,"ared
bet#ee t#o or more o3mutua((y3tru,ted e0e%utio t"read,G ,ee a(,o ,ide %"ae(
atta%1.
Past
Hy'er3T"readi$ #a, &ir,t itrodu%ed i t"e /o,ter MP3ba,ed <eo i )EE). It a''eared
o t"e =.EH GH@ Nort"#ood3ba,ed Petium 2 i t"e ,ame year8 ad t"e a''eared i
e9ery Petium 2 HT8 Petium 2 E0treme Editio ad Petium E0treme Editio 'ro%e,,or.
Pre9iou, $eeratio, o& Ite(;, 'ro%e,,or, ba,ed o t"e Core mi%roar%"ite%ture do ot
"a9e Hy'er3T"readi$8 be%au,e t"e Core mi%ro ar%"ite%ture i, a de,%edat o& t"e PH
mi%ro ar%"ite%ture u,ed i iteratio, o& Petium ,i%e t"e Petium Pro t"rou$" t"e
Petium III ad t"e Ce(ero 7Co9i$to8 Medo%io8 Co''er mie ad Tua(ati3ba,ed:
ad t"e Petium II <eo ad Petium III <eo mode(,. Ho#e9er8 Ite( i, u,i$ t"e
&eature i t"e e#er Atom ad Core i> 'ro%e,,or,.
Inefficiencies
I )EEH "y'er3t"readi$ #a, %riti%i@ed &or bei$ eer$y3ie&&i%iet. /or e0am'(e8
,'e%ia(i,t (o#3'o#er CP? de,i$ %om'ay ARM "a, ,tated SMT %a u,e u' to 2HB
more 'o#er t"a dua( %ore de,i$,. Dua( %ore 'ro%e,,or, are di&&eret t"a Dua( CP?.
/urt"ermore8 t"ey %(aim SMT i%rea,e, %a%"e t"ra,"i$ by 2)B8 #"erea, dua( %ore
re,u(t, i a =>B de%rea,e.
-24
T"e,e %o,ideratio, are %(aimed to be t"e rea,o Ite(
dro''ed SMT &rom t"e Core ) mi%ro ar%"ite%ture.
-by whom?4
Present & Future
Ite( re(ea,ed t"e Ne"a(em 7Core i>: i No9ember )EE* i #"i%" "y'er3t"readi$ ma1e,
a retur. Ne"a(em %otai, 2 %ore, ad e&&e%ti9e(y ,%a(e, * t"read,.
-+4
T"e Ite( Atom i, a i3order 'ro%e,,or #it" "y'er3t"readi$8 &or (o# 'o#er mobi(e PC,
ad (o#3'ri%e de,1to' PC,.
-H4
T"e Itaium I=EE (au%"ed #it" ei$"t t"read, 'er 'ro%e,,or t"rou$" e"a%ed "y'er3
t"readi$ te%"o(o$y. Pau(,o8 t"e e0t3$eeratio Itaium8 i, ,%"edu(e to "a9e
additioa( "y'er3t"readi$ e"a%emet,.
->4
T"e Ite( <eo ++EE ,er9er %"i', a(,o uti(i@e t#o3#ay "y'er3t"readi$
-*4-I4
Difference
Hy'er3t"readi$ i, u,i$ oe 'ro%e,,or but (o$i%a((y di9idi$ it ito t#o ,o t"at it $i9e,
t"e u,er t"e bee&it o& t#o 'ro%e,,or, #it" o(y u,i$ t"e re,our%e, eAui9a(et to a(mo,t
oe. T"i, i, a%"ie9ed by ,"ari$8 'artitioi$ ad du'(i%ati$ t"e 9ariou, re,our%e,
a(mo,t ito t#o 'ro%e,,or,. ?,ed by t"e (ate,t Petium 'ro%e,,or,8 #"i%" are HT eab(ed8
i (ayma;, term,8 it a((o#, you to u,e more t"a t#o a''(i%atio, at t"e ,ame time
#it"out ,(o#i$ do# 'ro%e,,i$ ,'eed.
Mu(ti3t"readi$ i, #"e 9ariou, 'ro%e,,e, are time ,(i%ed ,u%" t"at it $i9e, t"e u,er t"e
im're,,io t"at a(( t"e 'ro$ram, are bei$ ru at t"e ,ame time. T"i, i, #"at "a''e, o
your %om'uter re$u(ar(y.
Su'er3t"readi$ a((o#, t"read, &rom di&&eret 'ro%e,,e, to be e0e%uted at t"e ,ame time
u(i1e Mu(ti3t"readi$ #"ere e9ery 'ro%e,, "a, a time ,(ot duri$ #"i%"8 t"read &rom
o(y oe 'ro%e,, #i(( be e0e%uted. But e9ery time8 i& &or EG8 t"ere are &our i,tru%tio,
i,,ued to t"e 'ro%e,,or. T"ey #i(( a(( be &rom t"e ,ame 'ro%e,,. Hy'er3t"readi$ ta1e, it
a ,te' &urt"er. It a((o#, t"read, &rom di&&eret 'ro%e,,e, to be i,,ued at t"e ,ame time8 i
tur8 uti(i@i$ t"e #a,te %y%(e, o& t"e 'ro%e,,or.
Super-threading i, a mu(tit"readi$ a''roa%" t"at #ea9e, to$et"er t"e e0e%utio o&
di&&eret t"read, o a ,i$(e 'ro%e,,or #it"out tru(y e0e%uti$ t"em at t"e ,ame time.
-C4

T"i, Aua(i&ie, it a, time3,(i%ed or tem'ora( mu(tit"readi$ rat"er t"a ,imu(taeou,
mu(tit"readi$. It i, moti9ated by t"e ob,er9atio t"at t"e 'ro%e,,or i, o%%a,ioa((y (e&t
id(e #"i(e e0e%uti$ a i,tru%tio &rom oe t"read. Su'er3t"readi$ ,ee1, to ma1e u,e o&
uu,ed 'ro%e,,or %y%(e, by a''(yi$ t"em to t"e e0e%utio o& a i,tru%tio &rom aot"er
t"read
Disadvantages
Hyper-Threading is not SMP. 7Symmetri% Mu(ti3Pro%e,,i$:im'(ie, ,e9era( 'ro%e,,or,8
ad #e "a9e o(y oe 'ro%e,,or. Ho#e9er8 it i, ,u''(emeted #it" a %ertai &eature
#"i%" (et, it 'reted it %o,i,t, o& t#o 'ro%e,,or,.
Fe((8 t"e Hy'er3T"readi$ te%"o(o$y a((o#, i%rea,i$ e&&i%ie%y o& t"e 'ro%e,,or i
%ertai %a,e,. I 'arti%u(ar8 #"e a''(i%atio, o& di&&eret ature are u,ed ,imu(taeou,(y.
T"i, i, a ad9ata$e8 but t"e e&&e%t ta1e, '(a%e o(y i %ertai ,ituatio,. T"e %(a,,i%a(
mar1et 'ri%i'(e ,ay,: 'ay more to $et more.
It rea((y boo,t, u' 'er&orma%e ,ometime,. T"e e&&e%t %a be mu%" $reater t"a e9e
#"e #e %om'are t#o '(at&orm, #it" t"e ,ame 'ro%e,,or but di&&eret %"i',et,. But t"e
e&&e%t de'ed, o a ,ty(e o& #or1i$ #it" a %om'uter. Note t"at t"e %(a,,i%a( SMP ,ty(e i,
#"e a u,er %out, o t"e re,'o,e o& t"e %(a,,i%a( mu(ti'ro%e,,or ,y,tem.
T"e ,ty(e o& t"e Hy'er3T"readi$ i, a %ombiatio o& etertaii$ or ,er9i%e 'ro%e,,e,
#it" 6#or1i$6 'ro%e,,e,. You #o;t $et a ta$ib(e $ai i mo,t %(a,,i%a( mu(ti'ro%e,,or
ta,1, i& you ru oe a''(i%atio at a time. But you #i(( ,ure(y ma1e ,"orter t"e time o&
e0e%utio o& mo,t ba%1$roud ta,1, u,ed a, a ma1e#ei$"t. Ite( "a, a%tua((y remided u,
t"at o'erati$ ,y,tem, #e are u,i$ are mu(tita,18 ad it o&&ered a #ay to ,'eed u'
&u(&i((met o& a %om'(e0 o& ,imu(taeou,(y e0e%uted a''(i%atio, 7ot a ,i$(e oe:. T"i,
i, a 9ery itere,ti$ a''roa%"8 ad #e are $(ad t"i, idea i, rea(i@ed.
See also
Mu(ti3%ore
Barre( 'ro%e,,or
eferences
C. ! O'erati$ Sy,tem, t"at i%(ude o'timi@atio, &or Hy'er3T"readi$ Te%"o(o$y
). ! Ite( Pro%e,,or S'e% /ider: SLHFJ
=. ! Ca%"e Mi,,i$ &or /u ad Pro&it
2. ! ###.t"eiAuirer.et
+. ! Ite( e0'(ai, t"e e# Core i> CP?
H. ! "tt':KK###.ite(.%omKte%"o(o$yKatomKmi%roar%"ite%ture."tm
>. !
"tt':KKmi%roe(e%troi%,.%bro(ie.%omKe#,Kite(L(au%"e,Le#LitaiumLI=EEL,e
rie,L'ro%e,,orLCEE)E*
*. ! "tt':KK###.ite(.%omK'KeL?SK'rodu%t,K,er9erK'ro%e,,or
I. !
"tt':KK###.ite(.%omKbu,ie,,Kre,our%e,Kdemo,K0eo++EEK'er&orma%eKdemo."t
m
"#ternal lin$s
Ite(;, "i$" (e9e( o9er9ie# o& Hy'er3t"readi$
Hy'er3t"readi$ o MSDN Ma$a@ie
Hy'erT"readi$ O9er9ie# &rom OSDEM Commuity
A itrodu%tory arti%(e &rom Ar, Te%"i%a
Hyper-Threading Technology Architecture and Microarchitecture 8 te%"i%a(
de,%ri'tio o& Hy'er3T"readi$ 7%&' () PDF-file:
-C4 Eter Patet Number 28*2>8>++
Merom8 Coroe8 Food%re,t (o,e Hy'erT"readi$
Security
Jere(Tra' di,%u,,io: Hy'er3T"readi$ Mu(erabi(ity
Performance
NDet: Hy'ert"readi$ "urt, ,er9er 'er&orma%e8 ,ay de9e(o'er,
ARM i, o &a o& Hy'erT"readi$
disadvantages
Hyper-Threading is not SMP. 7Symmetri% Mu(ti3Pro%e,,i$:im'(ie, ,e9era( 'ro%e,,or,8
ad #e "a9e o(y oe 'ro%e,,or. Ho#e9er8 it i, ,u''(emeted #it" a %ertai &eature
#"i%" (et, it 'reted it %o,i,t, o& t#o 'ro%e,,or,.
Fe((8 t"e Hy'er3T"readi$ te%"o(o$y a((o#, i%rea,i$ e&&i%ie%y o& t"e 'ro%e,,or i
%ertai %a,e,. I 'arti%u(ar8 #"e a''(i%atio, o& di&&eret ature are u,ed ,imu(taeou,(y.
T"i, i, a ad9ata$e8 but t"e e&&e%t ta1e, '(a%e o(y i %ertai ,ituatio,. T"e %(a,,i%a(
mar1et 'ri%i'(e ,ay,: 'ay more to $et more.
It rea((y boo,t, u' 'er&orma%e ,ometime,. T"e e&&e%t %a be mu%" $reater t"a e9e
#"e #e %om'are t#o '(at&orm, #it" t"e ,ame 'ro%e,,or but di&&eret %"i',et,. But t"e
e&&e%t de'ed, o a ,ty(e o& #or1i$ #it" a %om'uter. Note t"at t"e %(a,,i%a( SMP ,ty(e i,
#"e a u,er %out, o t"e re,'o,e o& t"e %(a,,i%a( mu(ti'ro%e,,or ,y,tem.
T"e ,ty(e o& t"e Hy'er3T"readi$ i, a %ombiatio o& etertaii$ or ,er9i%e 'ro%e,,e,
#it" 6#or1i$6 'ro%e,,e,. You #o;t $et a ta$ib(e $ai i mo,t %(a,,i%a( mu(ti'ro%e,,or
ta,1, i& you ru oe a''(i%atio at a time. But you #i(( ,ure(y ma1e ,"orter t"e time o&
e0e%utio o& mo,t ba%1$roud ta,1, u,ed a, a ma1e#ei$"t. Ite( "a, a%tua((y remided u,
t"at o'erati$ ,y,tem, #e are u,i$ are mu(tita,18 ad it o&&ered a #ay to ,'eed u'
&u(&i((met o& a %om'(e0 o& ,imu(taeou,(y e0e%uted a''(i%atio, 7ot a ,i$(e oe:. T"i,
i, a 9ery itere,ti$ a''roa%"8 ad #e are $(ad t"i, idea i, rea(i@ed.