MC LC

Trang
LI M U ................................................................................................ 1
CHNG 1. GII THIU CHUNG V
THIT B NG CT H P ............................................ 2
1.1. KHI QUT V YU CU CHUNG CHO CC THIT B
NG CT ............................................................................................. 2
1.1.1. Khi nim .............................................................................................. 2
1.1.2. Yu cu ................................................................................................. 2
1.1.3. Phn loi ................................................................................................ 3
1.2. NGUYN L LM VIC CA APTOMAT ........................................ 4
1.2.1. Nguyn l lm vic ca aptomt tc ng theo mc dng ................... 4
1.2.2. Nguyn l tc ng ca Aptomat theo in p ..................................... 5
1.3. NI TNG CASCADE APTOMAT ...................................................... 7
1.3.1. Ni tng tc ng theo mc dng ......................................................... 7
1.3.2. Ni tng tc ng theo thi gian .......................................................... 8
1.3.3. Ni tng kt hp .................................................................................... 9
1.3.4. Ni tng da trn mc nng lng h quang ....................................... 10
1.4. CU TO CHUNG CA APTOMAT .. ................................................ 12
1.4.1. t vn .............................................................................................. 12
1.4.2. Phn c kh ca aptomat ....................................................................... 12
1.4.3. Tip im ca aptomat .......................................................................... 12
1.4.4. Mc bo v ............................................................................................ 13
1.4.5. Hp dp h quang ................................................................................. 13
1.4.6. C cu truyn ng ct ptmt .......................................................... 14
1.4.7. Phn t bo v ....................................................................................... 16
1.5. LA CHN S B APTOMAT THNG THNG ........................... 16
1.5.1. t vn .............................................................................................. 16
1.5.2. La chn theo mc dng ....................................................................... 17
1.5.3. Mt s loi aptomat ............................................................................... 21
CHNG 2. GII THIU APTOMAT HNG ABB .............................. 24
2.1. T VN .......................................................................................... 24
2.2. CU TO APTOMAT HNG ABB ...................................................... 24
2.2.1. Tip im............................................................................................... 24
2.2.2. Phn c kh ............................................................................................ 26
2.2.3. Dp h quang ........................................................................................ 27
2.2.4. Cc c tnh ........................................................................................... 28
2.3. CC I LNG V THNG S CA APTOMAT KHI CN
TNH TON V LA CHN .............................................................. 31
2.4. NG DNG CA APTOMAT HNG ABB ......................................... 35
2.5. NHNG VN V MY CT ......................................................... 39
2.5.1. Chc nng ............................................................................................. 39
2.5.2. Phn loi ................................................................................................ 41
2.5.3. Cc thng s chnh ca my ngt .......................................................... 42
2.6. MY CT THP P HNG ABB ........................................................ 43
CHNG 3. MY CT NG DNG TRONG CC BNG
IN PHN PHI CA CC TRM PHT D
PHNG C CC MY PHT LM VIC SONG
SONG ..................................................................................... 51
3.1. T VN .......................................................................................... 51
3.2. BNG IN PHN PHI ...................................................................... 51
3.2.1. Cu trc chung ca bng in phn phi .............................................. 51
3.2.1.1. Cu trc chung ca bng in chnh .................................................. 51
3.2.1.2. Cc panel dng cho cc my pht- Generator Panel ......................... 52
3.2.1.3. Panel ho ng b - Synchronizing Panel ......................................... 53
3.2.1.4. Panel tch hp cc khi ng t cho cc ph ti quan trng
Group Starter Panel ........................................................................... 54
3.2.1.5. Panel cp ngun cho ph ti ng lc - 440 V Feeder Panel ............ 54
3.2.1.6. Panel cp ngun cho ph ti sinh hot 220 V (hoc 100V)
Feeder panel ..................................................................................... 55
3.2.2. Cc thit b c tch hp trn bng in chnh .................................. 55
3.2.2.1. Thanh ci ............................................................................................ 56
3.2.2.2.Thit b ng ct .................................................................................. 59
3.2.2.3. Bng in phn phi........................................................................... 65
3.2.2.4. Mch ng lc .................................................................................... 70
3.2.2.5. Phng php tnh chn my ct ......................................................... 71
3.2.2.6. Mch iu khin ................................................................................ 72
3.2.2.7. Cc ch thit k, lp rp s dng my ct ...................................... 82
KT LUN .................................................................................................... 88
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................ 89













LI NI U
Ngy nay di s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc k thut cng vi iu
th cc thit b ngy nay u nh gn v cha rt nhiu tnh nng, thit b
in cng l mt trong nhng v d , trc khi chng c a vo s dng
th qua rt nhiu khu kim tra v phi t nhng tiu chun ca cc quc
gia v cao hn l quc t chnh v vy m cc mng in ngy nay u rt n
gin v gn v an ton hn rt nhiu so vi trc kia, chng cn c lp
trnh iu khin ghp ni cng vi my tnh nn d rng thc hin iu
khin v kim sot.
thc hin chc nng ng ct v bo v, yu cu i vi cc thit b
ng ct l lm vic tin cy, nhy cm cao, tnh tc ng nhanh v
bo v c chn lc.
Hin nay, h thng li in Vit Nam ang trn pht trin ha
nhp cng vi cc nc trn th gii nn h thng cc thit b ng ct cng
i mi vi nhiu chng loi mi, cng vi cc cng ngh tin tin ca nhiu
hng nh ABB, Siemmens, Schneider
L sinh vin ca chuyn ngnh in dn dng v cng nghip. Sau 4 nm
hc tp ti trng Trng i hc Dn Lp Hi Phng, em c giao ti
tt nghip:
Nghin cu my ct thp p dng ln hng ABB ng dng trong bng in
chinh cc trm pht d phng ca cc my pht lm vic song song.
Ni dung n gm 3 chng:
- Chng 1: Gii thiu chung v thit b ng ct thp p
- Chng 2: Gii thiu v aptomat hng ABB
- Chng 3: My ct ng dng trong cc bng in phn phi ca cc trm
pht d phng c cc my pht lm vic song song

CHNG1
GII THIU CHUNG V THIT B NG CT THP P
1.1. KHI QUT V YU CU CHUNG CHO CC THIT B NG
CT
1.1.1. Khi nim
My ct h p (cn gi l aptomat hay my ngt khng kh t ng),
l kh c in t ng ct mch in khi c s c: qu ti, ngn mch, in p
thp, cng sut ngc Trong cc mch in h p c in p nh mc n
660V xoay chiu v 330V mt chiu, c dng in nh mc ti 6000A.
Nhng my ct h p hin i c th ct dng in ti 300 kA
i khi my ct h p cng c dng ng, ct khng thng
xuyn cc mch in ch bnh thng.
1.1.2. Yu cu
Ch lm vic nh mc ca my ct h p phi l ch lm vic
di hn, ngha l tr s dng in nh mc chy qua my ct lu bao nhiu
cng c. Mt khc tip im chnh ca n phi chu c dng in ngn
mch ln khi cc tip im c th ng hay ang ng
My ct h p phi ngt c dng in ngn mch ln, c th n vi
chc kilampe. Sau khi ngt dng in ngn mch, my ct h p phi m
bo vn lm vic tt tr s dng in nh mc.
nng cao tnh n nh nhit v in ng ca cc thit b in, hn
ch s ngn mch do dng in ngn mch gy ra, my ct h p phi c thi
gian ct b.
gim kch thc lp t ca thit b v an ton trong vn hnh cn
phi hn ch vng chy h quang. Mun vy thng phi kt hp lc tha o
tc c hc vi thit b dp h quang bn trong my ct h p
thc hin yu cu thao tc c chn lc, my ct h p cn phi c
kh nng iu chnh tr s dng in tc ng v thi gian tc ng
Nhng thng s c bn ca my ct h p gm: Dng in nh mc I
m
, in
p nh mc U
m
, dng in ngt gii hn v thi gian tc ng
Thi gian tc ng ca my ct h p l mt thng s quan trng. Thi
gian ny c tnh t lc xy ra s c n khi ngn mch in b ngt hon
ton
t = t
0

+ t
1
+ t
2
(1.1)
Trong :
+t
0

l thi gian tnh t lc xy ra ngn mch n khi dng in t
ti tr s tc ng I = I
t
. Thi gian t
0
ph thuc vo gi tr ca dng in khi
ng, v tc tng ca dng in
t
i
d
d
ph thuc vo thng s mch ngt.
+t
1

l thi gian t khi I = I
td

n khi tip im my ct bt u
chuyn ng, thi gian ny ph thuc vo cc phn t bo v, c cu ngt,
kt cu ca tip im, trng lng phn ng. Nu t
1
> 0.01s th my ngt c
thi gian tc ng bnh thng. i vi my ct tc ng nhanh, thi gian t
1
=
0.002 0.008s
+t
2

l thi gian chy ca h quang (ph thuc b phn dp h
quang v tr dng in ngt v bin php dp h quang).
1.1.3. Phn loi
a, Phn theo kt cu
+ Loi mt cc
+ Loi hai cc
+ Loi ba cc
b, Theo thi gian tc ng
+ Tc ng tc thi (nhanh)
+ Tc ng khng tc thi
c, Theo cng c bo v
+ Dng cc i
+Dng cc tiu
+ptmt in p thp
+ptmt dng in cc tiu
+ptmt bo v cng sut ngc
+ptmt vn nng (ch to ch to cho mch c dng in ln cc thng
s bo v c th chnh nh c) loi ny khng c v v lp t trong cc
trm bin p ln.
+ptmt nh hnh: bo v qu ti bng rle nhit, bo v qu in p
bng rle in t, t trong v nha.
1.2. NGUYN L LM VIC CA APTOMAT
1.2.1. Nguyn l lm vic ca aptomt tc ng theo mc dng
+ Loi dng cc tiu








Hnh 1.1. S nguyn l atomat dng in cc tiu.
Nguyn l lm vic: Aptomat loi ny t ng ngt mch khi dng
in trong mch nh hn dng in chnh nh I
c
. Khi I < I
c
, lc in t ca
nam chm in 1 khng sc gi np 2 nn lc ko ca l xo 3 s ko tip
im ng ra khi tip im tnh, mch in b ngt. Aptomat dng cc tiu
dng bo v my pht khi chuyn sang ch ng c khi nhiu my
pht lm vic song song.
+ Loi dng cc i








Hnh 1.2. S nguyn l aptomat dng cc i.
Nguyn l lm vic: Aptomat loi ny t ng ngt mch khi dng
in vt qu tr s dng chnh nh I
c
. Khi I > I
c
, lc in t ca nam chm
in 1 thng lc cn l xo 3, np 2 b ko lm mu gia thanh 4 v n 5 bt
ra, l xo ngt 6 ko tip im ng ra khi tip im tnh, mch in b ngt.
Aptomat dng cc i dng bo v mch in khi b qu ti hoc ngn mch
1.2.2. Nguyn l tc ng ca Aptomat theo in p
+ Loi thp p








Hnh 1.3. S nguyn l atomat in p thp.

Nguyn l lm vic: Aptomat loi ny t ng ngt mch khi in p
U gim xung di mc chnh nh U
c
. Nu U < U
c
. Lc in t ca nam
chm in 1 c cun dy mc song song vi li gim yu hn lc ko ca l
xo 3 nn mu gia thanh 4 v n 5 bt ra, l xo 6 ko tip im ng ri
khi tip im tnh, mch in b ct. Aptomat in p thp dng bo v
mch in khi in p st qu thp hay khi mt in p bo v thp p U
TA

85 U
m

+ Aptomat dng in ngc (cho mch mt chiu)










Hnh 1.4. Nguyn l lm vic ca aptomat dng in ngc.
Thun
dng p

Ngc
dng p

Nguyn l lm vic: Aptomat trong trng hp ny t ng ct mch
in khi hng truyn dng in thay i (khi dng in thay i chiu). Nu
nng lng truyn thun chiu, t thng ca cun dy dng in v cun dy
in p ca nam chm in 1 cng chiu vi nhau, lc in t ln hn lc l
xo 3, aptomat ng. Khi chiu dng in thay i (cng sut truyn ngc),
lc in t ca nam chm in t l vi bnh phng hiu hai t thng do
dng in v in p sinh ra, do lc in t gim i rt nhiu, khng thng
ni lc ko l xo 3, mu gia thanh 4 v n 5 bt ra, l xo ngt 6 ko tip
im ng ri khi tip im tnh, mch in b ngt.
1.3. NI TNG CASCADE APTOMAT
1.3.1. Ni tng tc ng theo mc dng
K thut ny s dng s phn bc ngng dng tc ngca phn t
tc ng tc thi kiu t, tnh chn lc tuyt i trong trng hp ny l
khng th c do I
SCA
I
SCB
nn c hai CB ny cng tc ng, khi y chn lc
l tng phn v c gii hn theo I
rm
ca CB nm pha trc
CB pha sau l loi hn ch dng
ci thin c tnh chn lc theo gi tr dng cn s dng mt CB
hn ch dng mch pha sau ngha l CB B khi xy ra ngn mch pha sau
thit b B, dng hn ch I
B
s tc ng CB B, song khng A tc ng
Lu : mi CB m ta xem xt y u c mc hn ch dng no ,
d cho chng khng c xp vo loi hn ch dng. iu ny cn lu cho
c tuyn ca CB chun A trn hnh di y. Ch bng cch tnh ton v th
nghim cn thn mi cho php thc thi kiu phi hp ny.










Hnh 1.5. CB B l gii hn dng.
CB pha trc c dng tc ng nhanh vi tr hn ngn (SD)
Cc thit b ny c trang b b tc ng c gn thm b lm tr c
hc khng hiu chnh. Nh vy tr a vo m bo tnh chn lc vi tt
c CB tc ng nhanh (t pha sau) vi b k dng s c no nh hn I
rms

V d CB A: compact NS250N trang b mt b tc ng SD I
r
= 250,
gi tr t b tc ng l 2000A. CB B compact NS100N, I
r
= 100A. Sch tra
cu phn phi in Merlin Gerin cho bit gi tr gii hn ca tnh chn lc:
3000A (thay v 2500A nu nh ta s dng b tc ng kiu chun








Hnh 1.6. S dng mt CB chn lc pha trc.
1.3.2. Ni tng tc ng theo thi gian
S tc ng theo thi gian ca cc CB c tnh chn lc. ng dng ca
n l tng i n gin v n da trn c s lm tr nhiu hoc t thi im
m ca cc CB mc ni tip theo trnh t thi gian kiu bc thang
K thut ny cn
a vo b nh th trong c cu tc ng
Cc CB c kh nng chu c cc hiu ng nhitv in ng ca
dng trong thi gian tr
Hai CB A v B mc ni tip (nh vy gi tr dng i qua chng l nh
nhau) s c tnh chn lc nu nh thi gian ct ca B ngn hn thi gian tc
ng ca A
Chn lc nhiu cp
V d: thc hin vi cc CB Masterpact (bo v in t) (MG)
Chng c th c trang b cc b to tr bn nc iu chnh nh:
- tr (tng ng vi mt nc cho trc) c gi tr ln hn ton b
thi gian ct ca nc thp hn ngay pha sau
- tr tng ng vi nc u tin c gi tr ln hn ton b thi
gian ct ca mt CB ct nhanh (dng compact) hoc ca cu ch








Hnh 1.7. Chn lc theo thi gian.
1.3.3. Ni tng kt hp
Mt b lm tr thi gian kiu c hc gp phn ci thin c tnh ca
chn lc theo tc ng dng
Gi tr tc thi I
rmA
chun (Compact kiu SA)







Hnh 1.8. Chn lc kt hp.
Chn lc tuyt i nu I
SCB
< I
rmA
(gi tr tcc thi)
CB pha trc c th s dng hai ngng tc ng
Gi tr tr I
rmA
hoc to b tr kiu in t SD (short delay)
1.3.4. Ni tng da trn mc nng lng h quang
H thng ny cho php chn lc tuyt i gia hai CB c cng dng
s c. iu ny t c nh s dng CB hn ch dng v tc ng CB nh
cm ng p sut trong bung h quang ca CB. Mc p sut khng kh b
nng ln tu thuc vo mc nng lng ca h quang









Hnh 1.9. Chn lc theo mc h quang.
K thut ny dng cho cc mch c dng ngn mch 25I
n
v m
bo tnh chn lc tuyt i gia hai CB c cng dng ngn mch i qua, k
thut ny i hi nng lng lm tc ng CB A trn ngun
Nguyn tc vn hnh: C hai CB c kh nng hn ch dng, do lc
in t do ngn mch pha di ca CB B lm tip im h quang hn ch
dng ca c hai CB ng thi m. Dng s c s b hn ch nh hai h quang
mc ni tip cng nhit h quang trong mi CB lm khng kh trong cc
ngn dp h quang n ra v tng p sut. trn mt mc dng no , tc
tng p sut c th dng pht hin v khi ng ct tc thi
Nguyn tc chn lc: Nu c hai CB c b ct theo p sut c chnh
nh ng, s chn lc cho hai CB c nh mc khc nhau i hi phi chnh
CB B ct mc p sut thp hn CB A. Nu ngn mch xy ra sau A v
trc B, ch c h quang ca A hn ch dng m thi. Dng trong trng hp
ny s ln hn so vi trng hp s c sy ra sau B. Dng qua A ln hn s
sinh p sut ln hn, lm b tc ng theo p sut lm vic s
di y, dng CB cng ln th CB ct cng nhanh
S chn lc c m bo nu
+ T s dng nh mc ca 2 CB 2,5
+ T s dng ngt chnh nh > 1,6
i vi iu kin ngt mch 25I
n
ta dng s bo v truyn thng
nh cp














Hnh 1.10. Nguyn tc chn lc theo nng lng h quang.

1.4. CU TO CHUNG CA APTOMAT
1.4.1. t vn
Ngy nay di s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc k thut nn cc
thit b in c sn xut mt cch n gin, gn nh, cha nhiu tnh nng
hn trc kia rt nhiu v c bit l cc thit b in ngy nay a s l c th
ghp ni c cng vi my tnh, c iu khin trc tip trn my tnh
hoc l iu khin t xa thng qua b iu khin cm tay, aptomat cng l
mt trong nhng thit b .
1.4.2. Phn c kh ca aptomat








Hnh 1.11. Hnh nh aptomat.
1.4.3. Tip im ca aptomat

).

). Nh vy h
quang ch chy trn tip im h quang, do bo v c tip im chnh
dn in. Dng thm tip im ph trnh h quang chy lan vo lm h
tip im chnh.
g nh Ag-W, Cu-W, Ni...
1.4.4. Mc bo v
Aptomat , s tc
ng khi mch in c s c qu dng in v st p.
-
.

).

.
.

600A.

, cun dy c
ny c qun nhiu vng vi dy tit din nh chu in p ngun
1.4.5. Hp dp h quang
Hp dp h quang: ptmt dp c h quang trong tt c cc
ch lm vic ca li in th ngi ta thng dng hai kiu thit b dp
h quang l: kiu na kn v kiu h. Thit b dp kiu na kn c t
trong v kn ca ptmt v c l thot kh.
Kiu ny c dng in gii hn ct khng qu 50kA. Thit b dp kiu
h c dng khi gii hn dng in ct ln hn 50kA hoc in p ln hn
1000V.









Hnh 1.12. Cu trc chung ca aptomat.
Trong bung dp h quang thng dng ngi ta thng dng nhng
tm thp xp thnh li ngn. phn chia h quang thnh nhiu on
ngn thun li cho vic dp tt h quang. Hnh dng kt cu hp dp h
quang c trnh by trn. Cng mt thit b dp tt h quang, khi lm
vic mch in xoay chiu in p n 500V th c th dp tt c h
quang ca dng in n 40kA, nhng khi lm vic mch in mt chiu
in p n 440V th ch c th ct c dng in n 20kA.
1.4.6. C cu truyn ng ct ptmt
C cu truyn ng ct ptmt: gm c cu ng ct v khu truyn
ng trung gian, truyn ng ct ptmt thng c hai cch: bng tay v
bng c in (in t, ng c in). iu khin bng tay (nm gt hoc nt
n) c thc hin vi cc ptmt c dng in nh mc khng ln hn
600A. iu khin bng c in (nam chm in, ng c in, hoc h thng
thu lc) c ng dng cc ptmt ng ct t xa v c ng dng vi
aptomat c dng in ln hn n 1000A. tng lc iu khin bng tay
ngi ta cn dng mt tay di ph theo nguyn l n by. Ngoi ra cn c
cch iu khin bng ng c in hoc kh nn.
Khu truyn ng trung gian dng ph bin nht trong aptomat l c
cu t do trt khp. Hnh 1.13 trnh by mt khu truyn ng trung gian
ca aptomat c c cu iu khin bng nam chm in. Khi ng bnh thng
(khng c s c) , cc tay n 2, 3 c ni cng v tm O nm thp di
ng ni hai im O
1
v O
2
c ni. Gi 5 lm cho hai n ny khng
t gp li c, ta ni im O v tr cht (hnh 1.13a)
Khi c s c, phn ng 6 ca nam chm in 7 b ht dp vo h
thng tay n 2, 3 lm cho im O thot khi v tr cht. im O s cao hn
ng ni O
1
O
2
, lc ny hai tay n 2, 3 khng c ni cng na, cc tip
im s nhanh chng m ra di tc ng ca l xo ko tip im (hh 1.13b)
Mun ng li aptomat, ta phi ko tay cm 4 xung pha di cho
hai tay n 2, 3 dui thng ra nh hnh 1.13c, sau mi ng vo c








Hnh 1.13. C cu nh khp t do a, v tr dng; b, v tr m; c v tr chun b
ng li.


1.4.7. Phn t bo v
Cc phn t bo v aptomat gm: bo v qu ti, bo v ngn mch,
bo v st p, bo v dng in d, bo v tng hp bng t hp mch in t
bo v thit b khi qu ti, trong aptomat thng c phn t bo
v qu ti, kt cu ca n tng t nh mt relay nhit, phn t pht nng ca
relay nhit c u ni tip vi mch in chnh. Khi qu ti, tm kim loi
kp gin n lm nh ri t do m tip im ca aptomat. ng c tnh
ampe- giy ca relay nhit phi nm di ng c tnh ca thit b bo v.
Loi ny c nhc im c qun tnh nhit ln v khng bo v c
ngn mch
Phn t bo v ngn mch trong aptomat c kt cu tng t nh mt
relay dng in, c cun day mc ni tip vi mch in chnh (hoc mt
phn dng in chnh i qua cun dy). Khi dng in vt qu tr s cho
php th phn ng b ht, lm nh khp ri t do v m tip im aptomat.
iu chnh vt thay i lc ca l xo phn lc ta c th iu chnh c tr
s dng in ti ng
Phn t bo v st p c kt cu tng t nh relay in p, cun dy
c mc vo in p ngun, khi c s c st p hay mt in p, lc ht in
t khng sc ht phn ng, l xo phn lc y phn ng, lm nh khp ri
t do v lm m tip im ca aptomat
Phn t bo v dng in d, cng nh phn t bo v nhiu thng s
c cu to bi cc mch vi in t, trong cc khi o lng so snh,
khuch i v chp hnh
1.5. LA CHN S B APTOMAT THNG THNG
1.5.1. t vn
hn ch nhng hu qu nguy him gy ph hng s c qu dng,
qu ti, s c hng cch in, v cch ly phn h hng ra khi li v vy
vic la chn thit b bo v cho mch in ht sc quan trng, v vic la
chn phi da trn rt nhiu yu t nhng phi ph hp vi cc tiu chun
ca tng thit b, v phi tun th theo tiu chun quc t
1.5.2. La chn theo mc dng
Vic la chn ptmt ch yu da vo: Dng n tnh ton trong
mch, dng in qu ti, tnh thao tc chn lc
Ngoi ra la chn ptmt cn phi cn c vo t tnh lm vic ca
ph ti l ptmt khng c php ct khi c qu ti ngn hn thng xy ra
trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng nh dng in khi ng, dng in
ng trong ph ti cng ngh.
Yu cu chung l lm vic nh mc ca mc bo v I
aptmat
khng
c b hn dng in tnh ton I
tt
ca mch:
I
aptmat
I
tt
(1.2)
Ty theo c tnh v iu kin lm vic ca ph ti, ngi ta hng
dn la chn dng in nh mc ca mc bo v bng 125%, 150%, hay ln
hn na so vi dng in m tnh ton mch.
Sau cng ta chn ptmt theo cc s liu k thut cho ca nh ch
to.
ptmt c la chn t hai h thng: H thng ct mch in v h
thng d tm s c
+ Chn h thng cch b tr ct mch in
H thng ny gm c lin ng c kh vi cc cc ct dng in v s
c b tr theo cc chc nng sau:
S lung cc cc: S lng cc dy dn ct, in p nh mc
(in p s dng), loi dng in (xoay chiu hay mt chiu).
Dng in I
b
: dng in s dng ca mch in, chnh dng in ny
cho php ta xc nh dng in nh mc m ngi ta gi l c ptmt.
Dng in ngn mch I
cc
: l dng ngn mch m kh c in (ptmt) c
th chp nhn c c th ct tin hnh bo v ngay lp tc cc thit b
in pha sau ca ptmt. Chng ta lun lun phi chn ptmt c kh nng
ct cao hn dng I
cc
tnh ton pha sau ptmt.
+ Chn loi h thng m (hay d tm s c thc hin tc ng m)
S b tr in t - nhit hay in t, thc hin iu khin ca cc cc
ct, c chn theo chc nng:
Dng I
b,
dng in cc i m n i qua mch in khi lm vic bnh
thng. Dng in t ngt xut hin khi t di in p (dng in m
my). Ty theo gi tr qu dng in ny, ngi ta xc nh loi ung cong
s dng (B, C, D..) ca h thng m ca ptmt. (chn ung t tuyn
ca h thng trong catl m cc nh sn xut v vin gim nh khoa hc k
thut gim nh
+ Ngoi ra CB cn c la chn tu vo
Cc c tnh in m n c t vo
Mi trng s dng ca thit b, nhit xung quanh, lp t trong t
hoc khng, cc iu kin kh hu
Kh nng to v ct dng ngn mch
Cc yu cu khai thc tnh chn lc, cc yu cu nh iu khin t xa,
cc cng tc ph, cc cun dy tc ng ph, c a thm vo h thng mng
tn hiu ni b (thng tin, iu khin, ch th,)
Cc quy tc lp t, c bit l bo v con ngi
Cc c tnh ti nh l ng c, n chiu sng hunh quang, my
bin p
Nhng bc tip theo gn lin vi vic chn mt CB trong li phn
phi
+ Chn dng nh mc ph thuc nhit mi trng
Dng ng mc ca mt CB c xc nh theo s vn hnh ca thit
b ng vi nhit mi trng cho trc, thng l 30
0
cho cc CB dn dng,
40
0
cho CB cng nghip
S vn hnh cc CB trong cc iu kin nhit khc nhau ph thuc
vo cng ngh ch to b tc ng
+ Cc b tc ng kiu in t nhit khng b
Cc CB vi b tc ng theo nguyn tc nhit khng b c dng tc
ng ph thuc vo nhit . Nu nh thit b c t trong t, hoc trong
mi trng nhit cao th dng tc ng khi qu ti c th b gim xung.
C th chuyn hng nu CB lm vic vi nhit cao hn nhit chun. V
vy, cc nh thit k phi cung cp bng chuyn hng cho thit b c thit
k
Mt khc cc thit b dng mdun thng c lp cnh nhau trong t
kim loi c kch thc nh. Tc dng nhit qua li khi c dng, s lm chng
xung hng theo h s 0.8
Cc b phn ny c trang b mt thanh lng kim b nhit cho php
chn dng hiu chnh I
r
ca b phn tc ng theo s thay i nhit trong
phm vi nh sn CB ( 630A) thng c trang b b phn tc ng t
nhit c b t -5
0
n 40
0

Ghi ch lin quan n vic gim nh mc ca CB
Mt CB c nh mc dng theo nhit mi trng chun (30
0
C) s
b qu nhit khi mang nhit cng dng 50
0
C
V CB h p c thit b bo v qu dng (nu khng c b) s tc
ng mc thp hn khi nhit cao hn, CB t ng b gim nh mc do
b tc ng qu ti. khi b tc ng nhit c b c th chnh (0.71).I
n

trong mi trng -5
0
C n 40
0
C
Vi cc CB c b ny trong catalogue thng c gi tr xng hng
ca I
n
nhit trn mc c b, v d nh 50
0
C v 60
0
C, nh 95A 50
0
C
v 90A 60
0
C cho CB 100A
+ B tc ng kiu in t
C u im ln v n nh khi vn hnh trong iu kin nhit thay
i. Mc d vy, cc thit b ng ct vn chu nh hng nhit nn nh
ch to thng cung cp di dng biu cc gi t ln nht ca ngng
dng tc ng cho php theo nhit
+ Chn ngng ct tc thi hoc c tr ngn
Sau y l bng tng kt cc c im chnh ca b tc ng kiu t
hoc c tr ngn (theo phn loi ca IEC898) , bng tc ng tc thi hoc c
tr ngn
Bng 1.1. Bng tc ng tc thi hoc c tr.

+ Chn CB theo kh nng ct
Lp mt CB bo v trong mng phn phi in h th cn phi p
ng mt trong hai iu kin sau y:
Dng B tc ng ng dng

Ngng thp dng B
My pht d phng
Dy c chiu di ln

Ngng chun dng C
Bo v mch: Trng
hp chung

Ngng cao dng D, K
Bo v mch trong
trng hp qu ban
u ln


12I
n
dng MA
Bo v ng c khi
phi hp vi cng tc
t ngt
Hoc c kh nng ct I
cu
(hoc I
cn
) t nht c gi tr bng dng ngn
mch gi nh ti im lp t
Hoc, nu khng, phi kt hp vi mt thit b ct khc t pha trc
v c kh nng ct cn thit. Trong trng hp ny c tnh ca hai thit b
phi c phi hp sao cho nng lng i qua thit b pha trc khng ln
hn kh nng chu ng (khng b h hi) ca cc thit b pha sau v ca h
thng dy dn c bo v bng cc thit b ny
Kh nng tn dng trong:
Phi hp cu ch CB
Phi hp CB gii hn dng v CB tiu chun
1.5.3. Mt s loi aptomat
1- Aptomat vn nng c phn t bo v in t, nhit. Aptmat loi ny
c ch to cho cc mch in cng sut ln, c th chnh nh ccc
thng s bo v trong phm vi tng i rng. Loi ny thng c bo v
ngn mch v bo v mt in p. N khng c v, dng trong cc trm h
p.











Hnh 1.14. Aptomat vn nng.
1, Tip im dp h quang 2, bung dp h quang 3, Tip im lm
vic 4, Cun dy ng 5, Rle nhit 6,7. C cu t do tut khp 8. Rle dng
in cc i 9, 10. Rle in p 11. Cun dy ct t xa 12 Cn ng ct 13.
Gi ta
Nu quay tay gt 12 i mt gc n v tr ng hoc iu khin t xa
bng h thng in t 4, thanh 6, 7 s p ln thanh gn cc tip im quay
trc O
1
. Ln lt cc tip im h quang 1 v tip im lm vic 3 ng,
mch in c ng hon ton. Khi c s c cc phn t bo v cn tc
ng y c cu t do tut khi khp (thanh 6,7) l xo 9 s ko thanh gn tip
im ng, ln lt tip im lm vic 3 sau tip im h quang 1 m ra
H quang xut hin trn tip im 1 v nhanh chng c dp tt nh
bung dp h quang 2
Cc phn t bo v bao gm: bo v qu ti nh relay nhit 5, 7, bo
v ngn mch bng relay dng in cc i 8 c cun dy (thng l thanh
ci vi s vng w = 1 i qua mch t) mc ni tip vi dng in ng lc,
bo v mt in p bng relay in p 10 c in p mc song song vi hai
pha ca li in. Nam chm 11 ct aptomat t xa khi cn thit
2 Aptomat nh hnh:
1, u ni 2, 3, Bung dp h quang 4, Tip im tnh 5, C cu
truyn ng 6, Bo v qu ti 7, Bo v ngn mch 8, Nt ct
Loi aptomat ny thng c dng in nh mc n 1600A, dng
cho c mach xoay chiu ln mt chiu. Hnh 1.15 trnh by nguyn l cu to
ca aptomat nh hnh. Loi ny thng ch c relay nhit v relay dng in
cc i bo v qu ti v ngn mch. Tt c cc chi tit u c t trong
v nha kn c kch thc nh, gn, s dng rt tin li, dng thay th cu
dao, cu ch rt tt.










Hnh 1.15. Aptomat nh hnh.










CHNG 2
GII THIU APTOMAT HNG ABB
2.1. T VN
Trong bt k mt mng sinh hot hay trong cng nghip no
khng hn l khng trnh khi c s c nhng d l s c nng hay nh
con ngi u mong mun l l thit hi thp nht. Ngy nay di s pht
trin mnh m ca khoa hc k thut th nhng sn phm ra i ngy mt c
tnh nng hon thin v y hn trc rt nhiu nn nhng sn phm ny
u tch hp nhiu chc nng m con ngi mong mun n c th p ng
c phn ln cc nhu cu ca con ngi bo v h thng in mt cch
an ton hn.
2.2. CU TO APTOMAT HNG ABB
2.2.1. Tip im

Hnh 2.1. Kt cu bn trong ca my ct.
1: u u dy iu khin
2: u ni mch iu khin
3: Tip im ph
4: V tr t cun ng cun nh
5: Rle thc hin nh
6: Mt che trc
7: C cu nh
8: C cu ng
9: C cu np
10: L xo ng
11: C cu ko ra
12: B trung gian
13: Bung dp h quang
14: Tip im ng
15: Tip im c nh
16: Thanh dn n tip im c nh
17: Thanh dn t my ct ra li
18: Gic ni trung gian
19:
20: L xo tip im
21: Thanh dn n tip im tnh
22: Thanh dn t my ct ra ngoi
23: Bin dng (CT)
24: Cun cm
25: Khung v




2.2.2. Phn c kh
Kim tra mn ca contact
Trong n hng ca hng sn xut th khe h A c cho bit sn
bng, v chng ta c th iu chnh v tr ca trc v ca c cu hot ng








Hnh 2.2. Khe h khng kh A.







Hnh 2.3. Kt cu trc.
1) M CB
2) Tho hp h quang
3a) iu chnh khong cch hot ng contact cho E
1
E
2
E
3

Ni lng c pos 1 v ai c pos 3 hnh 2.3
Di chuyn ti v tr nh trn thao tc vi c pos 2
B c cu hot ng ca chi t trn trn trc pos 5 v thay i
tc dng ai c pos 4








Hnh 2.4. Kt cu mt s v tr c kim tra khe h A.
Xit cht c pos 1 v ai c pos 3 v 4
ng CB v kim tra khe h A
3b) iu chnh khong cch hot ng contact cho E
4
E
6

Ni lng c pos 1 v 6 v ai c pos 3 v 8 hnh 2.3, 2.4
Di chuyn ti v tr nh trn thao tc vi c pos 2
B c cu hot ng ca chi (pos 5) v gi tip gip ca chi trn
trc (pos 9), thay i tc dng trn ai c pos 4, v c v tr s 7
Ni c pos 1, 6, v ai c pos 3, 4, 8
ng CB v kim tra khe h A
4) Nu khe h A cha t yu cu, chng ta m CB ra v thc hin li
cc bc nh phn 3a, 3b
5) Nu khe h t yu cu, chng ta m CB ra, thc hin lp li bung
h quang
2.2.3. Dp h quang
B phn dp h quang (Arc Chutes): B phn dp h quang c
cung cp dp h quang in. B phn ny gm c cc tm kim loi mng
c lp t song song trong nhng v bc cch ly. H quang c phn u
cho nhng tm kim loi ny m n gip dp h quang nhanh hn. H quang
v th b hn ch, phn chia v dp tt trong b phn dp h quang. S cch ly
hp l gia cc b phn dn in, s tiu th nng lng t hn khi ngn
mch lm cho n c kh nng thit lp nhng kt ni ti v h thng ngun
cp c hai mt.
2.2.4. Cc c tnh
c tnh c bn ca mt CB
Aptomat thng c c tnh nh l ct vi thi gian tc ng chm
L, thi gian tc ng ngn bo v ngn mch S, bo v chm t ci
thi gian tr G, bo v ngn mch cng vi dng in tng cao yu cu l
phi ct ngay I
u stanst










Hnh 2.5. c tnh aptomat.
in p s dng nh mc U
c
: l gi tr in p m thit b c th
vn hnh trong iu kin bnh thng. Cc gi tr in p cho iu kin kin
bt thng
Dng nh mc I
n
: l gi tr cc i ca dng lin tc m CB vi
relay bo v qu dng c th chu c v hn nh nhit mi trng do
nh ch to quy nh, v nhit ca cc b phn mang in khng vt qu
gii hn cho php
Dng tc ng c hiu chnh khi qu ti (I
rth
hoc I
r
) v khi ngn mch
I
m
cc CB cng nghip c trang b relay qu dng c th thay i c

t(s)




I(A)
I
r
I
m
P
dc

Hnh 2.6. c tnh ca CB tc ng theo kiu t nhit.
Dng nh mc ct mch, s dng trong cng nghip (I
cu
) hoc s
dng dn dng I
cn

c tnh vn hnh ca CB tc ng theo kiu in t m bo ct
nhanh khi c dng s c ln, ngng tc ng I
m

c tnh vn hnh ca CB tc ng theo kiu in t
t(s)





I(A)
I
r
I
m
I P
dc

Hnh2.7. c tnh vn ca CB tc ng theo kiu in t.
in p nh mc (U
i
): l gi tr in p lm chun kim tra
phng in v khong cch in ca mt CB thng c gi tr ln hn
2U
i
. Tr ln nht ca in p s dng nh mc phi nh hn hoc bng
U
i
: U
e
U
i

i vi cc loi A: khng c thi gian tr no c thit k cho
tc ng khi ngn mch thng thng y l trng hp cho CB c v
c
i vi CB loi B: phi hp vi cc CB khc , c th cn lm
tr qu trnh tc ng khi dng ngn mch nh hn gi tr dng chu
c vi tr I
cw
. Thng thng y sl trng hp ca cc CB cu
trc m v CB dng hp c. I
cw
l dng cc i m loi B c th chu
c v nhit v in ng trong mt khong thi gian do nh thit k
quy nh
t(s) t(s)



I(A) I(A)
Hnh 2.8. My ct loi A. Hnh 2.9. My ct loi B.
Kh nng to dng (I
cm
) l dng tc thi m CB c th thit lp
di in p nh mc trong cc iu kin c trng, trong ch xoay chiu
gi tr ny bng k ln I
cu

Dng nh hn Dng nh hn
ch kA ch A
2
s

4,5.10
5

22
2.10
5


150 150kA
Hnh 2.10. c tnh hn ch dng ca CB.
c tnh ct ngn mch thao tc (I
cs
): nu li in c thit k ng
mt CB s khng bao gi lm vic dng ct ln nht I
cu
. Do mt khi
nim mi I
cs
c thit lp. N c biu hin n c biu hin theo phn
trm ca I
cu
(25,50,75,100%) IEC 947-2. Kh nng ct I
cu
hoc I
cn
c trng
cho dng ngn mch cc i m thit b c th ct. Kh nng xut hin dng
s c l cc k thp v trong qu trnh vn hnh CB thng thng ch ct
cc dng c gi tr nh hn nhiu
Kh nng hn ch dng s c dng s c gim v khng t n gi
tr ln nht
2.3. CC I LNG V THNG S CA APTOMAT KHI CN
TNH TON V LA CHN
a, Cc thng s khi cn tnh ton
Bng 2.1. i lng la chn v kim tra
in p nh mc, kV

m m mMC
U U
,

Dng in lu di nh mc, A

cb mMC
I I
Dng in ct nh mc, kVA

N mc
I I
Cng sut nh mc, kA

N mc
S S

Dng in ngn mach xung kch cho php, kA
(cn gi l dng n nh ng)

xk m
i i
.

Dng in n nh nhit
nh m
qd
nh dm
t
t
i i
.
.



Trong k hiu dng bng trn

m m
U
.
in p nh mc ca mng in

cb
I Dng in cng bc qua my ct

N
I Dng ngn mch. Trong thit k h thng cung cp in coi ngn
mch xa, do I I I
N
' '


N N
UI S 3

xk
I Dng ngn mch xung kch
' '
2 8 . 1 I i
xk


nh m
t
.
Thi gian n nh nhit nh mc = 5ms hoc 10ms

q
t Thi gian ct
b) Tnh chn lc ca aptomat











Hnh 2.11. S ni tng Aptomat.
Thng c mt s thit b bo v ca dng in nm gia ngun v
cc b phn thit b yu cu bo v, cc kh c in ny phi tha mn tnh
chn lc gi hn s c lan rng nh hng n cc b phn khc ca h
thng tnh chn lc c nh ngha
- Xung dng in bnh thng khng gy ngn mch
- Khi vn hnh ng ch thit b bo v gn ch s c nht theo chiu
cung cp mi c tc ng
- Nu thit b ny b hng mt thit b khc mi tc ng cc yu t
ch yu bo v I
cp
v thi gian T
cp
cc Aptomat A
1
, A
2
, A
3
lm vic. H
thng li in phi c tnh la chn khi xy ra s c.
Vd:
Khi ngn mach C th ch c ngt ngt in mch ng c M
3

tc cc Atomat khc vn c dng v c cung cp in bnh thng cho
cc nhnh khng s c l la chn tng phn
Nhng v l do no d m A
33
khng lm vic th c cp bo v tip im
theo m bo theo i ca dng in ngn mch t bin p im C th A
22
s
thc hin cp bo v ny. l la chn tuyt i, s la chn trong bo v
t c do s khc nhau v thi gian v thi gian lm vic ca cp bo v
c gi l mc la chn theo thi gian ngha l thi gian lm vic ca
cp bo v trc (Vd A
22
) phi ln hn thi
gian lm vic ca cp bo v sau (A
33
) ngoi ra cn c mc la chn theo
dng in yu cu l dng in ngt cp I phi nh hn dng in cp i+1 vd
A
1
c th lm vic im ngn mch a, b A
1
thi gian bo v ko di
nhng khi xut hin ngn mch im a c th cn phi ngt mch h hng
sm hn thi gian cho php v s ko di thi gian chy trong mch dng
in ln hn khi ngn mch c th lm cho dy nng ln lm hng dy dn v
thit b do khi dng in ngn mch s ccos mt cch t ngt, nhanh
chng nh b ngt dng in.
Tnh chn Aptomat
Bo v ngn mch chn lc c phn chia theo thi gian b xung
c lp vi dng in thi gian tng A
t
ca Aptomat pha di phi ngn hn
thi gian iu khin cc tiu T
m
ca Aptomat pha trn, thi gian phn chia
gia hai Aptomat vo khong 100ms








Hnh 2.12. Tnh ton chn lc ni tng hai Aptomat.
1 Aptomat pha trn
2 Aptomat pha di
t
m
Thi gian iu chnh cc tiu
t
A
Thi gian tng
kh nng chn lc t
A
< t
m1
Tnh chn lc ca Aptomat hn ch dng in cu ch pha trn
Vi cch b tr ny tn ti tnh chn lc nu I
2
t
A
ca my ct thp hn
gi tr ti hn ngn nht I
2
t
S
ca cu ch
Tnh chn lc Aptomat dng in khng cu ch pha di
Trng hp ny cc cu ch c dng dnh mc ln hn dng nh mc
ca Aptomat thi gian ct tng (t
S
+t
1
) ca cu ch phi ngn hn thi gian
iu khin nh nht t
m
ca Aptomat
Tnh chn lc Aptomat dng in khng Aptomat hn ch dng
in pha di
Yu cu trong trng hp ny l thi gian ct t
A
i vi dng in
ngoi I
a
ca b hn ch dng in phi ln hn thi gian iu khin ti thiu
ca Aptomat pha di










Hnh 2.13. Tnh chn lc ni tng hai Aptomat ct dng in khng b hn
ch dng.
1 Aptomat pha trn
2 Aptomat pha di
t
m
Thi gian iu khin nh nht
t
A
thi gian tng
Kh nng chn lc khi t
A2
(I
A
) < t
m1

2.4. NG DNG CA APTOMAT HNG ABB
Aptomat c rt nhiu ng dng trong i sng sinh hot cng nh
trong cng nghip nhng y l loi my ct thp p nn n ch dng li
nh hn 1000V
CB dn dng theo tiu chun IEC 898 v tiu chun khc tng
ng thc hin cc chc nng c bn gm: cch ly, bo v chng qu dng






Hnh 2.14. CB dn dng bo v qu dng v to cch ly mch.

Mt s kiu cng c th bo v pht hin dng r 30mA chng git
in bng cch thm vo modul chng dng r, mt s khc (theo IEC 1009)
c sn thit b ny v d RCBO hay CBR theo IEC 947-2







Hnh 2.15. CB dn dng thc hin chc nng bo v chng in git nh
mdun b xung.
Ngoi chc nng k trn, cc CB ny cn c th thc hin cc chc
nng khc nh iu khin t xa v ch th nh thit k dng modul v c khi
b tr








Hnh 2.16. CB loi Multi 9 ca Merlin Gerin thc hin nhiu chc nng.
Cc CB cng nghip c dng hp c theo tiu chun IEC 974-2 cho
php thc hin nhiu chc nng tng t khc nh khi b sung thch hp









Hnh 2.17. CB cng nghip dng module thc hin nhiu chc nng.
Cc CB cng nghip ct dng ln theo tiu chun IEC 947-2 tch hp
cc chc nng thuc in t v thng tin








Hnh 2.18. CB Masterpact thc hin nhiu chc nng t ng ho trong
modun ct.
Cc thit b ny cho php hiu chnh gi tr trong mt di rng v vi
Mch bo v dng r
H thng bo tn hiu t xa
Kim sot ti
Di y l mt s kiu lin ng ca CB
Hnh 2.19 di y cho ta bit 1 CB cp ngun thng xuyn cn
CB kia khng ch ngun th 2 ch cp khi cn thit









Hnh 2.19. Lin ng gia 2 CB cp in cho mt ph ti.








Hnh 2.20. Lin ng gia 3 CB cp in cho hai ph ti.








Hnh 2.21. Lin ng gia 3 CB cp in cho hai ph ti.
Trng thi lin ng
CB1 CB2
0 0 Khng c in
1 0 C in
0 1 C in
Trng thi lin ng
CB1 CB2 CB3
0 0 0 Khng c in
1 1 0 C in
0 1 1 C in
1 0 1 C in
Trng thi lin ng
CB1 CB2 CB3
0 0 0 Khng c in
1 0 0 C in
0 1 0 C in
0 0 1 C in











Hnh 2.22. Lin ng gia hai CB cp in cho 4 ph ti.
2.5. NHNG VN V MY CT
2.5.1. Chc nng
My ct in dng ng, ct mch khi c dng ph ti v c khi c
dng ngn mch. My ct l c cu ng m c kh c kh nng ng, dn
lin tc v ct dng in trong iu kin bnh thng v c trong thi gian
gii hn khi xy ra iu kin bt thng trong mch (v d nh ngn mch).
My ct c s dng cho l nung chy c hot ng thng xuyn
th yu cu lc tc ng nh hn v dung lng ct thp hn. Do vy chng
t chu mi mn, mc d ch ng m cao v khong thi gian lm vic
di.
Yu cu vi chng phi ct nhanh, khi ng, ct khng gy n hoc
chy, kch thc gn nh, gi thnh h. Trong my ct vn dp tt h
quang khi ct ngn mch rt quan trng. Do vy thng cn c phng php
dp h quang phn loi my ct.
Ngt dng in ngn mch l ch lm vic nng nht ca my ct.
Song qu in p sinh ra khi ngt dng in b ca my bin p khng ti,
ngt dng in dung ca ng dy di v nhiu trng hp khc cng l
Trng thi lin ng
CB1 CB2 CB3
0 0 0 Khng c in
1 0 0 C in
0 1 0 C in
0 0 1 C in
0 1 1 C in
1 1 0 C in
1 0 1 C in
iu kin lm vic nng n cho c h thng ngt.
Yu cu nh thit b ct mch c dng in khng lm nguy hi cho
h thng v m bo an ton chc chn. Ch to my ngt nu ch c tc
dng ngt dng in ph ti th n gin hn.
Theo nguyn tc h thng dn in ca my ct ni tip vi mch
in ca cc thit b in. Khi cc b phn kt cu c bn ca my ct cn
phi chng s tc ng nhit, in t trong khi lm vic bnh thng cng
nh khi ngn mch phi chng trng tnh in tc ng vo cch in lc
in p nh mc. Trong qu trnh lm vic ca my ct cn c nhng hin
tng sinh ra thm nhiu ph ti nhit, c v in tc ng vo tng b phn
ring ca kt cu my ct (s chy ca h quang in khi ct, s tng p sut
ca cht kh v cht lng trong khng gian cng tc, cc b phn c chuyn
ng vi gia tc ln v nhiu nhng hin tng khc). Trong trng hp cc
d tr kt cu ca my ct qui nh khng tng ng vi iu kin cho trc
th mi yu t k c th l nguyn nhn sinh h hng tng b phn hay
ton b cc phn ca my ct, dn ti ph hng s lm vic bnh thng
ca mt khu vc trong h thng in, ngha l dn ti s c. My ct phi t
ng hn ch s c trong h thng, nn cc b phn kt cu ca n phi tuyt
i n nh i vi tc ng nhit v lc in ng, cng nh i vi tc
ng ca in p mi gi tr.
a) Yu cu chung i vi my ct
Cc c tnh my ct phi p ng nhng quy nh cho trc
b) Cc yu cu c bit khc
Ngoi nhng yu cu chung, trong cc trng hp ring cng c nhng
yu cu c bit i vi my ct, ph thuc vo iu kin ring m my ngt
lm vic, nh:
b.1) C kh nng lm vic vng m t, nhiu bi
b.2) C kh nng lm vic vng rt cao hn mt bin.
b.3) C kh nng lm vic cc thit b di ng
b.4) Thch hp vi iu kin lm vic nhit rt thp.
Do nng lng ngy cng pht trin, v p dng cc phng php
hon chnh trong vn hnh h thng in nn my ct l mt trong nhng b
phn quan trng nht ca h thng yu cu nng cao cc ch tiu k thut vn
hnh nh: tng dng in nh mc, tng cng sut ngt, nng cao tc ng
nhanh, tng chng n mn ca cc b phn c v ca cch in; vn
chuyn, lp rp, vn hnh thun tin, an ton v n v ha hon,...
Trong khi thit k my ct hin i cn c bit lu n vn nng
cao cc ch tiu kinh t k thut, trng lng t nht trong mt n v cng
sut ngt. Kt cu ca my ct cn phi n gin, vng chc, cc chi tit v
cc mi kt cu trong tt c cc loi my ngt phi tng thc nhau v cn
phi p dng cc phng php gia cng tin tin. Trong ch to s dng rng
ri cc nguyn liu c tnh c, tnh in, tnh nhit cao v kinh t nht (cc
nguyn liu tip im c bit, gm c bn cao..).
2.5.2. Phn loi
a) My ct nhiu du
Du va l cht cch in ng thi sinh kh dp tt h quang
b) My ct t du
Lng du t ch sinh kh dp tt h quang cn cch in l cht rn
c) My ct khng kh
Dng kh nn dp tt h quang.
d) My ct t sinh kh
Dng vt liu cch in c kh nng t sinh kh di tc dng ca nhit
cao ca h quang. Kh t sinh ra c p sut cao dp tt h quang.
e) My ct in t
H quang c dp trong khe hp lm bng vt liu rn chu c h
quang, lc in t y h quang vo khe.
f) My ct chn khng
H quang c dp trong mi trng chn khng
g) My ct SF
6
Dng kh SF
6
dp dp h quang.
2.5.3. Cc thng s chnh ca my ngt
+ U
m

l in p dy ln nht m my ct c th lm vic bnh
thng tin cy trong thi gian di
+ I
m

l dng chy lu di qua my ct m khng lm qu nhit v
khng gy h hng, (lin quan kch thc cc chi tit trong my ngt).
+ I
m

l dng n nh ng nh mc.
+ I
nhm

l dng n nh nhit tng ng thi gian n nh nh mc t
nh

+ I
cm

l dng ct nh mc chnh l dng ngn mch ba pha hiu
dng ton phn ln nht my ngt c th ct c m khng gy h hi g
cho my ngt. I
cm

xc nh t thc nghim.
Cng sut ct nh mc S
cm

= 3 U
m
.I
cgh

+ I
cgh
: dng ct ln nht cho php khi U < U
m
.
+ t
t
: khong thi gian tnh t khi c tn hiu ngt n thi im h
quang b dp tt trn c ba pha.
- Tc ng nhanh t
t
= (0,02 0,06)s.
- Tc ng trung bnh t
t

= (0,15 0,1)s.

- Tc ng chm t
t

= (0,15 0,25)s.
Ngoi ra yu cu my ngt c kh nng ng mch ngay c khi ang
c dng ngn mch m cc tip im chnh, tip im h quang khng b h
hng



2.6. MY CT THP P HNG ABB
+ Cu to mt ngoi ca my ct loi c nh v di ng







Hnh 2.23. Hnh nh my ct hng ABB.
1 Tn nh sn xut v kch c ca CB
2 Sace PR121, PR122, PR123 hay l trip unit
3 Nt n cho vic m bng tay
4 Nt n cho vic ng bng tay
5 Cn gt cho vic np l xo bng tay
6 Ni phn loi in
7 Thit b iu khin bng tay m O, hay ng I CB
8 Tn hiu np l xo hay khng np
9 Tn hiu iu khin ca vic nh qu dng
10 V tr kho m
11 Cha kha v kha mc trong v ngoi ginh cho loi di ng
12 Thit b gi d trong v ngoi
13 Hp ni
14 Cng tc trt
15 V tr ng h CB
y l loi my ACB hay cn gi l my ct kh. N l my ct c
tnh cht ct h quang rt tt nn c th ng in khi cc ti cp pha sau vn
c ng in. ACB c n 3, 4 chng loi khc nhau ty hng nhng v
mu quy chun loi 1dng chnh n 1600A loi 2 dng chnh n 3200, loi
3 dng chnh nh n 6400A. Thc t loi 3 tip im s l hai tip im loi
2 mc song song vi nhau. Ngoi ba loi c bn ny, mt s hng ch to
ACB c cp dng nh hn 1000A, tm gi loi ny l loi 0. Vi cc ACB
thuc chng loi ny th tip im ch l mt loi dng theo quy nh. n v
Trip Unit in ca ACB l loi in t nn thng c tm chnh t 0.4-1I
n
.
M v ng mch giai on 3, bng tay hoc t ng
Cc tnh nng chnh ca ACB l n lm gim hoc phng in h
quang trong qu ti
My ct khng kh ACB Emax loi c nh, di ng bo v qu ti,
ngn mch, chnh dng d qu ti: Vi chip in t t 0.4 I
n
, c nhit i
ha, d dng lp t, dng chnh nh ln ti 6300A
Vi mc ch nhm tng cng chc nng bo v chng dng h
quang cng nh thun tin trong vic thu thp, gim st d liu t cc thit b
ng ct ang hot ng, ABB va b sung thm chc nng giao tip khng
dy vo cc thit b ng ct EMAX. (EMAX l dng cc thit b ng ct
cng sut, in p thp ca ABB). Cc Module khng dy mi ny c th
cung cp cc thng tin cn thit m khng cn phi lp t mt dy in
kim tra hay tc ng trc tip vo cc thit b ng ct. Thm ch ngay c
khi v ca cc thit b ng ct c gn cht, nhn vin k thut cng vn c
th iu khin, thu thp thng tin m mnh cn v thc hin nhng iu chnh
cn thit.
Thit b mi ny ca ABB hon ton tng thch vi cc thit b h
tr tnh nng Bluetooth khc nh thit b s c nhn (PDA) hoc cc my tnh
c nhn c chc nng Bluetooth... thc hin giao tip, cc thit b ny phi
download phn mm SD-Pocket c cung cp min ph trn website ca
hng ABB. Nu mua mua mt Module Bluetooth bn ngoi (v d BT030),
phn mm s c cung cp trong mt th nh.Vi thit b c h tr giao tip
Bluetooth mi ny, ta c th thc hin cc chc nng sau:
l, Gim st cc qu trnh o lng bao gm pha theo thi gian thc
ca dng in tng ng vi pha ca in p v cng sut.
2, Khi phc li c d liu trong cc b Data Logger ca cc thit
b ng ct (v d PR122 v PR123). B Data Logger ca cc thit b ng
ct ny c 8 knh vi tn s ly mu l 4800Hz. Nh cc s kin (hoc s
c) xy ra i vi cc thit b ng ct c th c ghi li, ly li v phn tch
d dng.
3, Kim tra tnh trng ca cc thit b ng ct bao gm c s lng
cc thit b vn hnh, s thit b ct c lp t...
4, Cu hnh cc thit b ng ct trn mt PDA hoc mt PC, sau c
th ti cc cu hnh xung cho cc thit b ng ct vi mt password cho
trc tng ng. Vi tnh nng khng dy m ABB cung cp ny, vic giao
tip gia cc h thng cng sut tr nn d dng hn bao gi ht.
+ Cu to mt ngoi ca PR121









Hnh 2.24. Cc k hiu mt ngoi ca PR121.


1 LED bo tn hiu chc nng bo v L
2 LED bo tn hiu chc nng bo v S
3 LED bo tn hiu chc nng bo v I
4 LED bo tn hiu chc nng bo v G
5 Thit b chuyn mch DIP thit lp ngng I
1

6 Chuyn mch DIP cho I
1
thit lp ngng chnh hin nay I
1

7 Thit b chuyn mch DIP thit lp ngng hin ti I
2

8 Chuyn mch DIP thit lp ngng hin ti I
3

9 Thit b chuyn mch DIP thit lp ngng hin ti I
4

10 Thit b chuyn mch DIP cho t
1
thit lp thi gian truyn i t
1

11 Thit b chuyn mch DIP thit lp t
2
thi gian truyn i t
2

12 Thit b chuyn mch DIP thit lp thi gian truyn i t
4

13 Ch th DIP chuyn i v tr cho mng li tn s
14 Ch th ca DIP chuyn i v tr bo v trung tnh thit lp
15 nh gi cm
16 Du hiu cc v tr chuyn i nhng cho cc dng khc nhau I
1

17 Ch dn ca cc v tr chuyn i DIP cho cc ngng gi tr
hin thi I
2
18 Ch dn ca cc v tr chuyn i DIP cho cc ngng gi tr hin
thi I
3

19 Ch dn cc v tr chuyn i DIP cho cc gi tr ngng hin ti
khc nhau I
4

20 Ch dn DIP v tr chuyn i cho khc nhau thit lp thi gian t
1

21 Ch dn DIP v tr chuyn i cho cc thit lp thi gian
khc nhau t
2

22 Ch dn ca DIP chuyn i v tr cho cc thit lp thi gian khc
nhau t
4

23 DIP chuyn i thit lp tn s v thit lp mng bo v trung lp
24 Ch th nguyn nhn nh v kim tra nh nt
25 Kim tra kt ni kt ni th nghim pht hnh thng qua mt
thit b bn ngoi (PR130 / B pin n v, BT030 n v truyn thng khng
dy v SACE n v PR010 / T)
26 S pht hnh bo v

+ Cu to mt ngoi ca PR122








Hnh 2.25. Cc k hiu mt ngoi ca PR122.
1 n ch th li
2 n led
3 Mn hnh ch th
4 Nt n tng
5 Nt n gim
6 Kim tra nt n
7 Nt n Enter cho vic xc nhn d liu
8 Nt thot khi menu con hoc hy b cc hot ng (ESC )
9 nh gi cm
10 S pht hnh bo v



+ Cu to mt ngoi ca PR 123
1 LED cnh bo ch s
2 Bo LED
3 Mn hnh ch th
4 Nt n tng
5 Nt n gim
6 Kim tra kt ni kt ni th nghim pht hnh bng phng
tin ca mt thit b bn ngoi (PR130 / B pin n v, BT030 n v truyn
thng khng dy v SACE n v PR010 / T)









Hnh 2.26. Cc k hiu mt ngoi ca PR123.
7 Nt n Enter cho vic xc nhn d liu
8 Nt thot khi menu con hoc hy b cc hot ng (ESC )
9 nh gi cm
10 S serial kt ni trip unit
11 n bo ngun
12 Nt xoay tng gim in p




Mt s c tnh ca bo v ca PR121/P, PR122/P v PR123/P








Hnh 2.27. c tnh bo v L I.







Hnh 2.28. c tnh bo v L I - S.








Hnh 2.29. c tnh bo v chm t.









Hnh 2.30. c tnh bo v qu in p.








Hnh 2.31. c tnh bo v mt in p.








Hnh 2.32. c tnh bo v mt pha.
CHNG 3
MY CT NG DNG TRONG CC BNG IN PHN PHI CA
CC TRM PHT D PHNG C CC MY PHT LM VIC
SONG SONG
3.1. T VN
Bng in phn phi l ni tp trung nng lng nhn t cc my
pht thng qua cc cu dao chnh ACB (Air Circuit Breaker) phn b n
cc ph ti. Ti c b tr trn ton b cc trm pht nhng chng hoc trc
tip, hoc gin tip u c cung cp t thanh ci bng in chnh thng qua
cc cu dao ph ti CB (Circuit Breaker). Trn bng in phn phi v c bn
c mt s thit b v h thng in c thit k tch hp nhm mc ch
to nn mt ni d tr nng lng p ng y cng sut cho ph ti ton
cu vi tin cy cao, hot ng an ton v giao din thn thin vi ngi s
dng. Vi chc nng nh vy, bng in phn phi phi bao gm mt s thit
b: o lng, kim tra, kh c phn phi v bo v, thit b iu chnh, iu
khin, cc nt n, cng tc, mn hnh cm ngBng in phn phi hin
nay cng c bc nhy ln v cng ngh, c tha hng cc tinh hoa k
thut cao vi kh nng iu khin, iu chnh, thu thp v s l, trao i
thng tin ln. Bng in phn phi l mt phn khng th thiu c trong
cc trm pht d phng ton phn.
3.2. BNG IN PHN PHI
3.2.1. Cu trc chung ca bng in phn phi
3.2.1.1. Cu trc chung ca bng in chnh
Bng in chnh nhn v cu trc c tp hp bi mt s panel ring
r (hnh 3.1). Mi mt panel c tnh nng v yu cu s dng ring, cng
chnh v l do ny m v cu to cng nh hnh thc chng c c im cch
bit. Tuy nhin, trong thit k tng th, ngi ta bao gi cng thc hin to
dng vi trnh m thut cng nghip nht nh c c mt sn phm
cng nghip va hin i, va hon m v hnh thc. Vi mt bng in chnh
thng thng bao gi cng c tch hp bi cc panel c bn sau.
3.2.1.2. Cc panel dng cho cc my pht- Generator Panel
S lng panel c quyt nh bi s lng cc my pht c trong
trm, nu trm c hai my pht th cng s c hai panel, nu trm c ba my
th cng phi c ba panelcc panel ny c tch hp bi:



















H

n
h

3
.
1
.

M
S
B

v

i

c

c

p
a
n
e
l

v

n
g

s

t

d

y
.


Thit b o lng: bao gm cc ng h o in p Voltmeter, o
dng in Ammeter, o tn s FM Frequency meter, o cng sut phn khng
KVA ( nu c), o h s cng sut Power Factor(cos) (nu c)
Thit b ng ct: cu dao chnh Air Circuit Breaker (ACB)
Cc thit b bo v: Rowle cng sut ngc, Reverse Power Relay
(RPR), Rle qu ti Ovr Current Relay (OCR)
Cc cng tc chuyn mch v iu khin: Cng tc dng cho o in
p cc pha ca my pht v ca li in (Bus); Cng tc chuyn mch o
dng in cc pha ca my pht I
R
, I
S
, I
T
; cc nt n dng khi ng hoc
dng t xa cc ng c diesel lai my pht; Chit p iu chnh in p khng
ti cho my pht (nu c);
Cc n bo hiu: my pht hot ng ( running), ACB ang m,
ACB ng.
3.2.1.3. Panel ho ng b - Synchronizing Panel
Mi bng in chnh thng ch c mt panel ha ng b, panel ny
c chc nng thc hin vic ha ng b cc my pht vi nhau. Ha ng b
cc my pht c th thc hin bng tay hay t ng th vn cn phi c cc
thit b phc v cho cng vic ny. Hin nay, trong mt s trm pht gim
kch thc cho bng in chnh ngi ta c th thit k panel ha ng b
ghp chung vo cc panel cc my pht, tuy nhin nh vy vic thao tc v
theo di s gp kh khn hn rt nhiu c bit l vi nhng ngi vn hnh
khng quen, mi vo ngh hoc l t trnh k thut. Panel ha ng b
c tch hp mt s thit b sau:
Thit b o lng: bao gm cc ng b o cng sut tc dng ca
cc my Wattmeter (trm c bao nhiu my th by nhiu ng h o cng
sut trn panel ny)
Cc cng tc chuyn mch v iu khin: cng tc dng cho vic ha
ng b SYS Synchroscope Switch; cng tc la chn ca tng my pht
CS Control Switch; cc cng tc iu chnh ng c tr ng iu tc diesel
lai my pht GS- Governor Motor Control Switch
Cc thit b ch bo: ng h ha ng b SY- Synchrocope dng
hin th qu trnh ng b gia cc my hoc gia mt my pht vi li khi
thc hin ha ng b bng tay hoc t ng. Vic a ng h ha ng b
vo hot ng c la chn bng tay, y l loi thit b lm vic ngn hn
nn sau khi thc hin ha xong cn phi cho thit b ngh. Hin nay c nhiu
loi ng b k nhng ph bin nht vn l hai loi: ch th bng kim v ch
th LED ( Light Emitor Diod), hai loi ny c cu to hon ton khc nhau;
B n ha ng b SYL- Synchronizing Lamp gm ba n hot ng theo
nguyn tc n tt hoc dn quay. Thng b n cng vi ng b k to
nn tin cy cao cho thit b ha, chng i km nhau v b xung cho nhau;
cc n bo hiu chnh qun l: Cch in thp, mt ngun iu khin sn
sng khi ng, iu khin t xa
3.2.1.4. Panel tch hp cc khi ng t cho cc ph ti quan trng-
Group Starter Panel
y l cc module cha cc hp khi ng cho cc ph ti quan trng
ly in trc tip t bng in chnh. Ty tng tu vi cc ph ti nhiu hay t
m s lng cc khi ng t t trn cc panel ny s c phn chia theo
nhm. V d di tu thy th trn bng in chnh s c hai panel dnh cho
cc ph ti ny, trong mi panel c gi l mt nhm. Nhm khi dng
s 1 ( No 1 group starter) bao gm:
- Bm nc bin lm mt my chnh s 1 ( No 1 Cool S W Pump)
- My nn gi khi ng s 1 (No 1 Main Air Comp)
- Bm nc ngt lm mt my chnh s 1 (No 1 Cool F. W. Pump)
- Bm cp du FO cho my chnh s 1 (M/E FO Supply Pump)


3.2.1.5. Panel cp ngun cho ph ti ng lc - 440 V Feeder Panel
y l ni cung cp nng lng cho ph ti hoc cc nhm ph ti
ng lc thng qua cc cu dao ph ti CB. Ty vo tnh cht v tm quan
trng cng nh cng sut ph ti m chng s c cung cp trc tip hoc
thng qua cc bng in ph trung gian. Trn panel ny ch yu b tr cc
CB, ngoi ra c thm mt s thit b o lng nh ng b o in tr cch
in M, cc n ch th cch in ch yu kim tra trong li ng lc.
3.2.1.6. Panel cp ngun cho ph ti sinh hot 220 V (hoc 100V) Feeder
panel
Nhm ph ti sinh hot c cp ngun ti panel in p thp ring
r ly t h thanh ci ph trn bng in chnh. Ngun cp cho h thanh ci
ny c ly t bin p chiu sng 400/220 V hoc 440/100 V , vi tu thy
th in p chiu sng cng c cung cp bng in p dy ( khc vi li
in dn dng dng in p ba pha) iu ny i hi cc thit b lm vic
trong li chiu sng, sinh hot trn tu thy cng c c th ring, c bit
l vn an ton cho thit b, ngi vn hnh v s dng h thng. 220 V
Feeder Panel hoc 100 V Feeder Panel ch yu l cc CB ph ti. y cc
CB s dng ch yu l loi mt pha ( hai cc). Cng nh 440 V hoc 400 V
Feeder Panel cc CB thng c la chn vi phn bo v ngn mch thc
hin bng tc ng do t trng dng ngn mch to nn (dn dng thng
la chn tc ng bo v ca cc CB trn nguyn l pht nhit) v vy kh
nng phn ng vi dng ngn mch nhanh v chnh xc hn. Tt nhin la
chn no th ph tn y vi loi CB ny gi thnh ln hn rt nhiu. Trn
panel ny cng trang b cc n bo cch in cho li sinh hot, ng h o
in tr cch in, cc ng h Voltmeter v Ammeter o in p v dng
in cho li sinh hot.


3.2.2. Cc thit b c tch hp trn bng in chnh
Bng in chnh nhn t kt cu c m t nh vy. Tuy nhin, cu
to chi tit cc phn t th bng in chnh c th c nhn nhn l h thng
tnh c tch hp cc thit b v l thuyt l tnh song thc cht cc qu trnh
vt l trong n th khng h tnh ti, ngc li n rt ng.
3.2.2.1. Thanh ci
T s khai, bng in chnh l ni tp trung nng lng in nn
thanh ci l mt trong nhng thit b c mt u tin. Kt cu, hnh dng, cht
liu lm nn thanh ci cng tri qua rt nhiu thay i v n nay nhng
tiu ch v thanh ci cng khng phi l thng nht ton b gia cc nh ch
to. Tuy vy, c mt s tnh nng k thut th bt c nh sn xut no cng
u hng ti l: Kh nng dn in tt, c bn c hc, d gia cng
ch to, tui th cao, gi thnh h. Chnh t nhng yu cu ny m thanh ci
lun c ch to bng ng nguyn cht. Tuy nhin, hm lng tp cht c
trong ng nguyn cht th mi nh ch to mt khc v cng l ch tiu
cnh tranh trn th trng m con ngi s dng cn lu v d th no th
hm lng ng nguyn cht ti thiu cng phi t c khng di 97%.
Khi trm pht cn dng cc my in mt chiu cung cp dng mt chiu cho
cc ph ti th thanh ci c hai, nhng khi trm pht l cc my pht in
ng b th thanh ci ph bin bao gm ba thanh, c mt vi trm c th th
thanh ci gm bn thanh. Nh vy, v s lng th trm dng dng xoay
chiu tng thanh ci thm ch gp i. Hnh dng v kch thc ca thanh
ci cng rt a dng. Kch thc thanh ci hon ton ph thuc vo cng sut
ca trm, cn hnh dng dng th c nhiu la chn mi nh thit k. Hin
nay, hnh dng thanh ci vn ph bin dng mt ct ch nht, t l gia chiu
di v chiu rng ca mt ct cng c ty chn. Chnh iu ny lm nn
tnh a dng, tuy nhin ti u nht ngi ta vn chn mt chiu gp t 5-10
ln chiu kia c ngha rng tit din thanh ci thng l ch nht vi chiu
di ln gp 5-10 ln chiu rng. C nhiu trm pht thanh ci c thit k
kp, mt pha c th dng hai thanh ci chy song song v st nhau, tt nhin
l tng tit din ca thanh ci kp cng ch bng tit din trong trng hp
thanh n ( cng dung lng). Hnh 3.2 trnh by tit din ca thanh ci bng
in chnh lp t trn tu Vnh Thun, Vnh An, Vnh Hng vi dng tnh
ton 1060A.









Hnh 3.2. Kch thc thanh ci chnh trn bng in vi dng1060A.
Thanh ci trong bng in chnh cng c phn ra thanh ci chnh
v thanh ci ph. Kch thc cc on thanh ci ph thng nh hn thanh
ci chnh. Thanh ci ph thng l cc on phn nhnh trong h thng thanh
ci hoc thanh ci cho panel phc v sinh hot. Thanh ci c lp trong
bng in nh cc gi , vic tnh ton khong cch cc gi trn c s
tnh ton ngn mch tm ra lc in ng v tn s dao ng c hc.
Ngi ta c th tin hnh trit tiu dao ng c hc bng vic thay i
khong cch cc gi cho thanh ci. Gi thanh ci thng lm bng vt
liu cch in c nh hnh vi kh nng cch in tuyt i v bn c
hc cao. Gi thanh ci cng a dng v hnh dng v kch thc, hnh
dng kch thc ca gi cn ph thuc vo ngi thit k lu chn t
thanh ci ng hay nm.
Thanh ci trn bng in chnh c th c phn on hoc khng
phn on ty vo yu cu thc t ca trm pht. Thng thng nht ngi ta
vn thit k thanh ci c phn on khi trm c t hai my pht tr nn,
lm nh vy trong qu trnh khai thc khi cn sa cha cc thit b thuc
phn on no th ct phn on ra, khng lm nh hng n vic cp
ngun cho cc ph ti quan trng theo yu cu cp in ca cc h tiu th u
tin, loi mt. Cu dao phn on l loi cu dao khng thc hin ng m
khi c dng, v vy tip kim v kinh t ngi ta c th la chn loi cu
dao phn on ging vi cc cu dao cch ly, khng phi c cc tip im h
quang, tip im ph v thit b dp h quang.
Hnh 3.3. Cu dao phn on trn thanh ci.
Mu sc ca thanh ci cng c thc hin theo nhng cch khc
nhau, ngi ta c th dng sn mu phn bit cc thanh ci. Vi thanh ci
trm mt chiu thng ngi ta dng hai mu tiu biu: mu cho thanh ci
cc tnh dng, mu en cho thanh ci cc tnh m. Vi trm xoay chiu
dng ba thanh ci th cc pha thanh ci c sn cc mu cho pha R ( Vit
Nam thng gi l pha A), xanh cho pha S (B), vng cho pha T (C). Vi bng
in dng bn thanh ci th thanh ci trung tnh (Neutral) c th c sn
thm mu xm. Sn dng cho thanh ci l loi c kh nng dn nhit tt
gip cho vn truyn nhit ra mi trng xung quanh thun li. Nu dng
loi sn thng thng th ngi ta ch sn tng on mt cch nhau m khng
sn ton b. Mt s bng in ngi ta dng bng dnh cch in mu
qun ln phn bit cc pha nhng vi cch ny th bng dnh ch qun cch
qung to iu kin ta nhit trong qu trnh lm vic.






Hnh 3.4. ACB loi do hng abb ch to.
Vic ghp ni cc thanh ci cng c thc hin ht sc cn thn.
Tip xc l tip mt, dng tip xc c nh nn b mt tip xc bao gi cng
c gia cng chnh xc. ai c ghp ni dng bng ng vi loi ng
hp kim c bn c hc cao, c kh nng chu ko v nn. Cc long en ca
ai c ng vai tr ht sc quan trng, n thng c lm bng ng
to kh nng tip xc cho b mt tip gip. Ngi Nht vi tim lc kinh t
cao, ngi ta vn s dng cc ai c bng st ghp ni cc thanh ci nhng
long en th hon ton dng bng ng.
3.2.2.2.Thit b ng ct
Thit b ng ct trn bng in chnh tu thy phn ln l loi thit
b in p thp, ph bin in p s dng khng vt qu 1000V, xut pht t
vn an ton nn ch nhng tu c bit hoc tu qun s ngi ta mi s
dng in p trung p. V chng loi, thit b ng ct dng trn tu thy
cng s dng ht sc hn ch: Cu dao chnh ACB, cc cu dao ph ti CB,
cu dao cch ly, cu dao phn on v mt s thit b ng ct cng sut rt
nh.
a. Cu dao chnh (Air Circuit Breaker-ACB)









Hnh 3.5. Cu to bn trong ca ACB loi AME4B.
Cu dao chnh khc vi cc cu dao ph ti do yu cu v c tnh
nng k thut, tin cy, tnh an ton v kh nng lm vic v vy tm
quan trng ca ACB l rt cao. Chnh v l do ny m trong thit k tnh ton
cng nh khi la chn thit b bao gi ngi ta cng rt ch n thit b
trng yu ny. Hnh 3.4 gii thiu mt ACB ca hng Terasaki loi AME4B
v hnh 3.5 gii thiu cu to bn trong ca loi ACB ny. AME4B l thit b
c th ng ct bng tay v bng ng c, dng in nh mc I
m
=400A,
kh nng ct ti 16 KA.
Trc ht v dung lng ACB bao gi cng c la chn dng nh
mc ca thit b lun ln hn dng nh mc tnh ton vi h s k=1.1-1.75
trong di dng in c kh nng la chn bo v phi rng, tuyn tnh.
Dung lng dng ct ca ACB cng ln hn dng nh mc cng tt. Thng
thng dung lng dng ct c th gp 10 n 50 ln dng nh mc. V d
dng nh mc ca mt my pht tnh ton l 385 A, la chn ACB loi
AME6B c dng nh mc l 630A kh nng ct ca cu dao ny c th t
6160 A. Vi gi tr dng ct ny, sau tc ng bo v ACB vn hot ng tr
li bnh thng khng b bt c mt li k thut no.
Mi c tnh k thut ca ACB l c tnh ampe-giy (A-s) c sai
s nh hn cc CB thng thng, iu ny ni n tnh chnh xc ca ACB
trong hot ng tc ng bo v hay ni cch khc l cng ngh ch to i
hi cao hn, gi thnh t hn.








Hnh 3.6. c tnh A-S ca ACB vi cc mc dng tc ng I
1,
I
2,
I
3
.
Mt c tnh k thut na cng phi k n l kh nng tch hp
cc tnh nng trong mt ACB cao hn rt nhiu. Mt ACB phi bo v c
ngn mch vi cc nc tc ng: Long Time Delay, Short Time Delay, Instant
Trip; bo v qu ti vi cc kh nng ct u tin nhiu nc, vi vic ct qu
ti nhiu thit k trong trm pht cng phn vng tc ng cho bn thn ACB,
cho r le qu ti Over Current Relay (OCR), ct my pht; Bo v thp p vi
thit b UVC- Under Voltage Coil; Bo v cao p Over Voltage Coil- OVC;
Bo v cng sut ngc vi Reverse Power Relay (RPR)
Hin nay cng ngh thng tin pht truyn, ACB thng c thit k mt
my tnh nh tch hp trong n thc hin thm mt s chc nng ngoi
mt s chc nng kinh in: Tham gia iu khin ng, ct cho chnh ACB.
o lng cc i lng v hin th o lng cc i lng v hin th o
lng. Ci t mt s i lng v thng s cho gim st v iu khin gim
st. Ghp ni vi cc h thng lin quan thng qua mng truyn thng cng
nghip v gi cng nh nhn cc lnh iu khin t xa qua cc ng truyn
ni b.
c tnh A-S ca ACB c trnh by trn hnh 3.6, y l ng xy
dng theo l thuyt vi Long Time- Delay Trip Pick-Up Current I
1
, Short
Time Delay Trip Pick- Up Current I
2
v Instantaneous Trip Pick- Up
Current I
3
.










Hnh 3.7. c tnh A-S ca ACB vi cc mc dng tc ng I
1,
I
2,
I
3
.
.

Cc ng cong ny trong cc ACB thc t bao gi cng c mt gii
dung sai dao ng trong khong t 5 25%, y l cc sai s cho php v vi
dng I
1
th vic t dng vi dung sai cho php ( Pick- Up Current Setting
Tolerance %) l 7,5 %, vi I
2
th dng t vi dung sai 15 % v vi I
3
th
dung sai l 20 %. Vi tng ACB c th chn cch tnh gi tr dng I
1
( Pick-
Up Current Setting- LTD) theo mt trong nhng cch sau y:
I
1
= I
m
(0.8-1.0-1.15-1.125) (3.1)
Gi tr dng I
2
(STD) c tnh nh sau:
I
2
= I
m
(2.0-2.5-3.0-3.5-4.0) (3.2)


Gi tr dng I
3
(INST) c tnh nh sau:
I
3
= I
m
(4,7,12,15) (3.3)
b. Circuit Breaker - CB
Cc CB c cung cp ngun cho ph ti trn bng in chnh thng
s dng cc loi thng thng ngoi cc c tnh k thut v yu cu v quy
phm th CB dng trn bng in phn phi lun c xu hng gn nh v
khi lng, kch thc, d sa cha, khai thc, s dng, c kiu dng, mu
m p, hin i v an ton cho thit b h thng, cho ngi vn hnh khai
thc.










Hnh 3.8. S thc hin ghp tng cascade cc CB trong h thng.
V nguyn tc thit k th li in cng nghip ni chung v bng
in chnh ni ring lun thc hin phng php ghp tng cascade cc CB
nh hinh 1.10 to nn kh nng bo v ti u c v k thut ln m bo
c tnh kinh t. Ghp tng cascade thc hin theo cc bc sau:




c.Thit b bo v v bo ng
Cc bo v cn c t ra cho bng in chnh l: Ngn mch, qu
ti, matts pha, in p thp, in p cao, cng sut ngc cho my pht cn
cc thng s v i lng cn gim st th kh nhiu nh: ACB reverse
power, ACB abnormal trip, Start
Khi ni n bo v ngn mch trong phm vi bng in chnh th c cc i
tng cn quan tm l my pht v trung trung nng lng: h thng thanh
ci. Bo v cho cc my pht th cc ACB m nhim. iu ny nh trnh
by trong phn ghp tng cc aptomat, im ngn mch c th xy ra ngay
trn thanh ci th vic bo v an ton cho cac my pht vn c thc hin.
Nu nh im ngn mch khng phi trn thanh ci m nm trn li in
phn phi n cc ph ti th vic ngn dng in ngn mch dn ln thanh
ci l nh cac CB ph ti
Vic bo v qu ti cng tng t, vi my pht s dng rowle qu ti (Relay
qu ti dng bo v my pht thng c la chn c nhy cao, hot
ng tin cy v chnh xc). Chnh v yu cu ny m thc t ngi ta thng
s dng loi relay bo v qu ti loi cm ng hoc in t. Vi cc ph ti
c bit l cc ng c khng ng b ba pha th mc quan trng thp hn
nn ngi ta c th s dng cc relay nhit bi v cho cc i tng ny
gim thiu v chi ph kinh t trong u t v khai thc.
Vic bo v mt pha thng trong thit k s dng nhiu phng php, trn
MSB cng s dng rt a rng cc phng php ny. Trc ht, vic bapr v
mt pha c th thc hin bng thit b cm bin v pha, loi thit b ny c
ch to chuyn dng v c thit k vi cc thit b kinh in cng nh hin
i, vi cc sensor nhy cm v chnh xc. Tuy nhin, nhng thit b ny
thng c gi thnh t v vy trong nhiu trng hp khng c la chn.
Ph bin nht vn l bo v mt pha kt hp vi cc relay nhit vi vic thit
k cung cp ngun cho thit b hoc gia cc relay nhit vi cc relay in p.
Vic bo v in p cao, in p thp thng p dng chung cho li in v
tc ng trc tip vo my pht in. Khi xy ra cc tnh hung ny, relay
in p cm bin v tc ng ct my pht ra khi li.
Bo v cng sut ngc cho my pht khi chng lm vic song song, dng
relay cm bin cng sut ngc tc ng ln cu dao chnh my pht thc
hin vic ct my pht ra khi li. Thng tn hiu ny tc ng ln cun
thp p ca cu dao chnh. Relay cng sut ngc thc cht l mt sensor
cm bin hng cng sut, kinh in loi relay ny c ch to theo nguyn
l cm ng vi hai tn hiu dng v p gi n xc dnh hng ca cng
sut. Ngy nay, cc loi relay cng sut ngc cng c ch to kh a dng
v ph bin thc hin bng vi mch hoc thng phm ca cc thit b iu
khin t ng.
3.2.2.3. Bng in phn phi
a. Cu trc chung ca bng in phn phi
Cc thit b ng ct v bng phn phi c s dng cho vic phn phi
in, cc trung tm iu khin ng c v phi hp ca nhng thit b ny.
Chng cha thit b bo v, ng ct, iu khin v o lng. Cc cu trc v
t hp kh nhau c dng cho nhng ng dng v yu cu khc nhau v
cng vic thao tc do cng nhn thc hin khng chuyn thc hin kho
cc b phn in. Cc tiu chun quy nh cc loi khc nhau c th hin
bng dui y
Tr cc h tiu th, cc bng phn phi v cc thit b ng ct s
c a vo trong IEC cng b 439, DIN VDE 0660 Phn 500 v cc phn
tng ng ca chng
Cc h thng theo modul vi kch thc c s tiu chun c thit lp
rng ri vic lp rp cc kh c. Theo cc iu khon ca nh sn xut v c
im thc t, nhng iu khon ny phi t ra c hiu qu c cho d n ban
u v c cho cc thay i v m rng sau ny

















Bng 3.9. Cc tiu chun v quy nh i vi cc h thng ng ct h p v
bng phn phi.
b. Bng phn phi v o lng nh
Cc bng phn phi nh vi kch thc theo DIN VDE 871 c cha
Aptomat, cu ch v cc ph kin c dng nh mc ti 63A chng c kch
thc theo DIN 43 880. Chng phi theo kch thc c bn, chiu rng
chiu cao = 250 150 v phi c caachs in hon ton
Cc bng phn phi lp trong hc tng c k hiu
Cc bng phn phi nh c th bao gm cc v tr dng c o theo
DIN 43870 Phn 1 n 3 xem bng 3.1
Cc phng php lp t c th l: Lp trn mt, lp phng, khng c v
tho lp hoc khng c ca, c v tho lp hoc c ca











Hnh 3.10. Bng phn phi nh vi dng c o c t bn trong v.
c. T hp thit b ng ct h p
Thut ng t hp thit b ng ct h p bao trm tt c cc cu hnh
c U
m
xoay chiu n 100V tn s 100Hz hoc 1500V mt chiu, tr cc
bng phn phi nh. Chng gm phi hp ca thit b in c v in t,
cng c th c cu trc hon ton vi thit b in t.
Vi cng mc an ton li c s phn bit gia:
T hp thit b ng ct kiu c th nghim v
T hp thit b ng ct kiu c th nghim tng phn
Nh ch to c th la chn cch th nghim da vo iu kin sn
xut hoc kinh t.
Kiu th nghim cn phi chng t c cc yu cu sau:
a vo nhit gii hn trn
bn in mi
Cng ngn mch
Ni cn thn gia cc b phn ca thit b ng ct v dy bo v bng
quan st hoc o in tr
Cng ngn mch ca dy bo v (dy chng st)
Khong cch phng in b mt in mi v khong cch cch in
Chc nng c kh
Cp bo v IP
Gii hn tng nhit cho trong DIN VDE 0660 Phn 500 da trn c
s nhit mi trng cc i 40
0
C trung bnh trong 24h. Vi cc nhit
mi trng khc phi c ch dn khi t hng
Cng ngn mch yu cu thu c nh tnh ton theo s liu ca
c s cung cp in






























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3.2.2.4. Mch ng lc
S mch in












Hinh 3.12. S mch in loi CB ba cc v PR121/P, PR122/P, PR123/P.












Hnh 3.13. S mch in CB 4 cc v PR121/P, PR122/P, PR123/P.



















Hnh 3.14. S chuyn mch t ng ca b bin i ATS.
3.2.2.5. Phng php tnh chn my ct
Tiu ch la chn my ct ca my pht ngoi in p nh mc, tiu ch
quan trng nht l dng in v dng ct nh mc. ABB cung cp vi kiu
my ct cho my pht c th c s dng tu vo cng sut ca my pht.









Hnh 3.15. Bng la chn my ct cho my pht.
Mt mt l cc my ct SF6 kiu HECS v HCE 7/8 (c v) v kiu HGI
v HECT (khng v), mt khc l my ct chn khng kiu VD4G
in p nh mc (IEC)
VD4G 17,5 kV
HGI 17,621 kV
HECI 25 kV
HECS 23/25 kV
HEC 7/8 30 kV
3.2.2.6. Mch iu khin
S

Hnh 3.16. S hot ng ca Motor, m, ng v nh in p thp.

























Hnh 3.17. S mch iu khin ACB.


















Hnh 3.18. S v tn gi ca tip im ph.


Hnh 3.19. S mch tn hiu.




















Hnh 3.20. Mch ph ca PR121/P, PR122/P v PR123/P trip unit.

















Hnh 321. Module o PR120/V.

Hnh 3.22. Module truyn PR120/D M.



















Hnh 3.23. Module tn hiu PR120/K.
Ch thch cc k hiu trn hnh v
A
1
: CB ph
A
3
: Mch cho CB ca loi c nh
A
4
: Chuyn mch v kt ni iu khin v tn hiu, CB bn ngoi
A
13
: PR021/K tn hiu (CB bn ngoi)
AY:
D: Thit b to tr thi gian tc ng ngt in p thp, pha ngoi CB
F
1
: Delay-trip fuse (Cu ch tc ng chm)
K51: Tip im PR121, PR122, PR123 vi nhng chc nng
Bo v qu ti vi thi gian nh chm I
1

Bo v qu ti vi thi gian ct chm I
2

Bo v ngn mch vi ct tc thi I
3

Bo v chm t vi thi gian ct chm I
4

K51/18: Tip im cho tn hiu PR021/K
K51/Gzin(DBin): Vng la chn bo v chm t (duy nht vi ngun
in p ph v PR122/P hay PR123/P) hay o chiu iu khin u vo
cho D (duy nht vi in p ngun ph PR123/P)
K51/Gzout(DBout): Vng la chn cho bo v cham t (in p ph
v PR122/P hay PR123/P) hay o chiu iu khin u ra cho D (duy nht
vi in p ngun ph PR123/P)
K51/IN1: u vo c s iu khin theo chng trnh s (sn sng duy
nht vi ngun in p ph v release PR122/P hay PR123/P vi module ch
th PR120/K)
K51/P
1
..P
4
: Tn hiu in iu khin theo chng trnh PR122/P hay
PR123/P vi module ch th PR120/K)
K51/SZin(Dfin): Vng la chn: u vo cho vic bo v tc ng
nhanh hay chm hay iu khin u vo cho bo v D (sn sng duy nht
vi nhun in p phv PR122/P hay PR123/P)
K51/SZout(Dfout): Vng la chn: u vo cho vic bo v S hay
iu khin u ra cho bo v D
K51/YC: iu khin ng t PR122/P hay ngt in PR123/P vi
module truyn PR120D-M
M Motor loading the closing spring: ng c t ng np l xo
Q: CB
Q/127: Cng tc ph CB
S33M/13: Cng tc ng cho ng c np nng lng
S43: Nt cho ci t iu khin
S51: Tip im cp tn hiu cho CB m khi qu ti. CB ng sau khi
cn thit reset nt n ca CB
S75E/1.4: Tip im tn hiu khi CB
S75I/15: Tip im tn hiu CB kt ni v tr
S75T/1..4: Tn hiu in ca CB kim tra v tr ring bit
CS: Nt n (hay cng tc) ng CB
SO: Nt n (hay cng tc) m CB
SO
1
: Nt n (hay cng tc) m CB vi nh tr
SO
2
: Nt n (hay cng tc) m CB vi nh tc thi
SR: Nt n (hay cng tc) reset CB
TI/L1: Bin dng pha L1
TI/L2: Bn dng pha L2
TI/L3: Bin dng pha L3
TO:
Vaux: in p ngun ph
UI/L1: Cm bin dng t trn pha L1
UI/L2: Cm bin dng t trn pha L2
UI/L3: Cm bin dng t trn pha L3
UI/N: Cm bin dng t trn trung tnh
UI/0: Cm bin dng kt ni vi t im sao ca MV/LV tranformer
W
1
: Serial giao din vi h thng iu khin (ng truyn bn ngoi)
giao din EIA RS485
W
2
: Serial giao din vi ph tng i km ca PR121/P, PR122/P v
PR123/P (ng truyn bn trong)
X: Kt ni mch ph CB ca loi di ng
X1X7: Kt ni ph tng i km ca CB
XF:
XK1: Kt ni cho mch ngun ca PR121/P, PR122/P v PR123
XK2 XK3: Kt ni cho mch ph ca PR121/P, PR122/P v PR123
XK4: Kt ni vi tn hiu m/ng
XK5: Kt ni vi module PR120V
XO: Kt ni cho YO1
XV:
YC: Cun ng
YO1: Cun shunt m qu dng (cun ngt)
YO2: Cun shunt m th hai
YR: Cun dy Reset li CB
YU: Bo v thp p
Cc hnh v
Fig 1: Mch motor cho vic np l xo
Fig 2: Mch ca cun shunt ng
Fig 4: Cun shunt m
Fig 6: Nh in p thp tc thi
Fig 7: Nh in p thp vi thit b in c tr thi gian
Fig 8: Cun shunt ngt th hai
Fig 11: Cng tc tn hiu in in ca vic np l xo
Fig 12: Cng tc tn hiu in ca vic nh in p thp
Fig 13: Cng tc tn hiu in ca CB m trong khi thp p. CB ny
ng sau khi reset nt n
Fig 14: Cng tc tn hiu in ca CB m trong khi qu dng. CB ny
ng li sau khi reset nt n
Fig 21: B cng tc ph ca CB th 1
Fig 22: B cng tc ph ca CB th hai (khng dng cho PR122/P v
PR123P)
Fig 23: B cng tc ph b sung pha ngoi th 3 ca CB
Fig 31: B cng tc tn hiu in th 1 ca CB bn trong, kim tra ring
bit, khng kt ni v tr
Fig: B cng tc tn hiu in th 2 ca CB bn trong, kim tra ring
bit, khng kt ni v tr
Fig 41: Mch ph ca PR121/P
Fig 42: Mch ph ca PR122/P v PR123/P
Fig 43: Module o ca mch PR120/V ca PR122/P v PR123/P kt ni
bn trong loi ba cc hoc bn cc ca CB
Fig 44: Module o ca mch PR120/V ca PR122/P v PR123/P kt ni
bn ngoi ca CB
Fig45: Module truyn mch PR120/D-M ca PR122/P v PR123/P
Fig 46: Module ch th mch PR120/K, PR122/P v PR123/P kt ni 1
Fig 47: Module ch th mch PR120/K, PR122/P v PR123/P kt ni 2
Fig 48: Module o ca mch PR120/V ca PR122/P v PR123/P kt ni
bn trong ca CB loi ba cc cng vi kt ni im o bn ngoi
Fig 61: SACE SOR TEST UNIT Test
Fig 62: Tn hiu ca mch PR021 (Bn ngoi ca CB)
Incompatibilities
Nhmh mch ch th thng qua nhng hnh bn trn khng th ng
thi cung cp trn nhng CB ging nhau
6 7 8
13 14
22 46 47
43 44 48
V s mch in ca b chuyn i ATS021 v ATS022
A: Thit b ATS021 v ATS022 cho hai CB t ng chuyn mch
Q/1: Cng tc ph CB
Q1 CB2 E: CB cho ngun khn cp
Q2 CB1 N: CB cho ngun bnh thng
Q61/1 2: CB loi nh ng mch ph




Cc k hiu trn hnh v


Shiedl





Terminal
Change over
position
contact with
momentary
circuit
breaking


Time delay



Plug and
socket

Power
isolator with
automatic
breaking
action


Machanical
or electrical
connection



Motor


Swith
disconnector


Manucal
machnic
control



Current
tranformer



Control coil


Rotating
control



Voltage
tranformer



Instantaneou
Overcurrent



Pushbutton
control


Winding of
three phase
tranformer


Overcurrent
relay with
adjustable
short ime-lag
characteritic




Equiptentiality



Make contact

Overcurrent
relay with
inverse long-
time relay
trip


Conventer
with
galvanic
separater


Break contect
with automatic
circuit
breaking

Overcurrent
relay with
inverse long
time relay
trip

Shielded
cable
conductors
(i,e,3
conductors
shown)



Change over
contact

Earth fault
overcurrent
relay with
inverse
short-time
delay

Conductors,
stranded
cables (i, e,
conductors
shown




Make position
contact (limit
contact)



Fuse


Connection
or
coductors



Break position
contact (limit
contact)



Current
tranformer

3.2.2.7 Cc ch thit k, lp rp s dng my ct
Ni dung v tn sut kim tra-bo tr l khc nhau ph thuc vo mi
trng v iu kin lm vic. c k tng chi tit ch dn sau y thc
hin cng tc kim tra bo tr c y .
Kim tra u tin
Kim tra trc khi ng in
Hng mc ktra
Ch tiu

1- Xem mi ni dy ng lc c
chc khng
Lc vn bu lng M12: 40-50N-m
2- Xem c vt l dn in no (nh
dy vn, inh c, ) lt vo cc
u ni khng
Phi dn sch s


3- Xem mt che trc, 1 my ct
c nt, v hoc h hng khng
Phi cn nguyn vn

4- Xem ACB c b thm nc
hoc ng sng


Ph khng c nc hoc ng
sng

V tr o - Tiu chun cch in v in p th
(1) V tr o cch in v in p

V tr o Th cch in Th in p chu
ng
O
N
OFF ON OF
F
(1) Gia cc phn mang in ng lc
v t
O O O O
(2) Gia cc cc O - O -
(3) Gia cc thanh dn ra pha trn v
di
- O - O
(4) Gia cc phn mang in ng
lc v iu khin
O O O O
(5) Gia mch iu khin v t O O O O

(2) Tiu chun: in tr cch in v in p chu ng
- o in tr cch in (bng meghom k 500V): khng nh
hn 5M (50M i vi cho ring my ct).
- Th in p chu ng:

Thi gian
cp in:
1 pht
(1) Gia cc phn mang in ng lc
v t
3,500V
(2) Gia cc cc 3,500V
(3) Gia cc thanh dn ra pha trn v
di
3,500V
(4) Gia cc phn mang in ng lc
v iu khin
3,500V
(5) Gia mch iu khin v t 2,000V



Trong trng hp kim tra in mi v t in, phi tho dy cp
ngun ca b iu khin
Kim tra nh k
Kim tra nh k nn tin hnh ln u tin sau khi a vo s dng
c mt thng, sau cn c theo hng dn v quy trnh kim tra thay th
m bo my ct hot ng n nh lu di.
Kim tra bn ngoi













Hng mc
ktra
Ph php ktra Mc tiu
Ph php
x l

1. Bi bm Mt thng Phi sch,
khng bm bi
Thi gi hoc lau
bng gi kh

2. u ni dy
ng lc
Sit li Lc sit: 40-
50N-m
Sit li nu
cn

3. u ni iu
khin
Sit li Lc sit: 0.9-
1.2N-m
Sit li nu
cn

4. Mt che
trc, , phin
u ni dy
khin
Mt thng Khng rn nt,
bin dng
Thay th nu c
du hiu bt
thng
Thanh dn ng lc (bn ngoi)
Thanh dn ng lc (tho bung dp HQ ktra bn trong)

Bung dp HQ

Hng mc ktra Ph php
ktra
Mc tiu Ph php x
l
1. Khi mui bm Mt thng Khng khi mui
bm
Lau sch
2. Rn nt Mt thng Khng rn, v Thay th nu c
du hiu bt
thng
Hn
g
mc
ktra
Ph
php
ktra
Mc
tiu
Ph php x l

1.
o
cch
in
Meg
ger
500
V
Khng thp hn
5M
(50M
ring
ACB)
Lau sch bi
trc khi o.
Trong trng
hp kg th
phc hi,
thay ACB v
khung v

Hng mc ktra Ph php
ktra
Mc tiu Ph php x
l
1. mn tip im o v
mt
thng
Khe h gia
cht chn v
tip im
ng > 2mm
Thay th my ct
nu tr s thp hn
tiu chun, s chu
k hot ng vt
qu gii hn cho
php
2. i mu tip
im
Mt thng Khng i mu,
bin
dng
Thay my ct nu
pht hin
i mu, bin dng
tip im
2. Tnh trng tm
dp HQ
Mt thng Kg b chy, chy Thay th nu c
du hiu bt
thng
3. Vt bt bung dp
HQ
Sit li Sit cht 2.5~4N-
m
Sit cht

C cu ng/ct ( tho mt che trc kim tra bn trong)

Hng mc ktra Ph php
ktra
Mc tiu Ph php
x l
1. L xo ca c cu
np tay
Bng tay Phi hot ng
trn tru
Trong trng
hp kg np
c, bi m
vo ly nh
ch dn
2. C cu ng bng
tay v trip
Bng tay Phi hot ng
trn tru
Bi m vo
vng bi nh ch
dn

Ghi ch:
(Note1) Nu Thc hin tc ng ch short-time hoc long-time khi tin
hnh o trng thi hot ng pickup instantaneous, s dng nt L/S LOCK
(LTD/STD LOCK).
(Note2) Nu thc hin tc ng ch long-time hoc instantaneous khi tin
hnh o ch short-time delay phi thay i gi tr ci t ( cc gi tr
long-time hoc instantaneous) hoc thay i gi tr dng th (min 140%
Iu).
Nu bn thay i gi tr ci t, phi bo m phc hi gi tr trc khi
kt thc qu trnh th.
Quy trnh b sung cht bi trn My ct AE-SW
1- Hng dn bi trn cn c theo thi gian v mi trng s dng.

Mc s dng
Mi
trng
Hng dn
bi trn
Mi trng
bnh thng
1 Khng kh sch v kh ro
- Ln u: 4~6
nm
- T ln th
hai: 3 nm
2
Trong nh, t bi,Ni khng c kh n
mn

Mi trng xu
1
a im c kh ln mui nh sulfur
dioxid, hydrogen sulphid, hoc ni c
nhit trung bnh trong 24 gi vt
qu +35
0
C.
Mi 2 nm/ ln
2
a im c kh n mn nhiu v bi
bm m con ngi khng th c
lu di
Mi nm/ln

2, Hng dn bi trn cn c theo s chu k hot ng

Loi Hng dn bi trn
AE630-SW~AE1600-SW S chu k hot ng (Ghi ch 1)
AE2000-SWA Mi 2.000 chu k
AE2000-SW~AE3200-
SW AE4000-SWA
Mi 2.000 chu k

Ghi ch
(1): S chu k hot ng gm c dng nh mc v khng nh mc
(2): Khi thc hin kim tra bi trn, thao tc ng/m khong 10 ln lin
tc.
Khuyn co thc hin ng tc ng/m t nht 1 ln trong nm lm trn
tru cc b phn c kh.
- Thc hin cng tc bi trn sau khi ko ACB khi khung v ring ra bn
ngoi.
- Tho vt mt che (h. 3-2)
- V l do an ton, sau khi tho mt che, a ACB v trng thi Discharged


v OFF.
- Nn s dng m bi trn Osmosis (TD: Multemp ET-100M ca KYODO
YUSHI CO., LTD hoc olyoil chai phun F100 ca SUMICO LUBRICANT
CO.,LTD).
- V tr bi trn c ch dn bng mi tn ---------). Lau du m c
cng sch cng tt trc khi bi thm.
- Phun xt du bi trn Molyoil F100 vo cc v tr khng c ch dn c
bit.
- Sau khi bi trn, ng/m bng tay 2~3 ln cho trn tru.



















KT LUN
ti Tm hiu my ct thp p dng ln hng ABB ng dng trong
bng in chnh cc trm pht d phng ca cc my pht lm vic song
song c tc gi thc hin cc kt qu:
- Nghin cu nguyn l chung ca cc my ct thp p
- Nghin cu su v nguyn l cu to, nguyn l hot ng ca cc my
ct thp p dng ln hng Schneider
- Nghin cu cu trc ca bng phn phi in h p ca cc my pht
lm vic cp ngun thng qua my ct h p
- Nhng tnh nng c bit ca my ct h p lm nhim v cu dao
chnh trn bng in cc bo v v phng thc iu khin
My ct thp p v ng dng my ct thp p lm vic vi chc nng cu
dao chnh trn bng in l ti kh phc tp v i hi phi c nghin
cu k lng v nghim tc. Cc ng dng hin nay ca kh c ny rt a
dng v mc thit k iu khin t xa, iu khin t ng kh ph bin.
Nu c hi cn cho php, th y chnh l lnh vc m tc gi cn thc hin
tip.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti ny chng em gp rt nhiu kh khn
do hn ch v kin thc cng nh thi gian thc hin ti nhng nh s
hng dn tn tnh ca thy PGS. TS Nguyn Tin Ban nn em hon
thnh bn n ny. Cui cng em xin chn thnh cm n s gip ca
thy gio, c gio trong khoa in ca trng HDL Hi Phng.





TI LIU THAM KHO
1. GS.TSKH Thn Ngc Hon, TS Nguyn Tin Ban (2008), Trm pht
v li in tu thu, Nh xut bn khoa hc - k thut
2. GS.TSKH Thn Ngc Hon (2005), My in, Nh xut bn khoa hc -
k thut
3. L Thnh Bc (2001), Gio trnh thit b in, Nh xut bn khoa hc -
k thut
4. Phm Vn Chi, Bi Tn Hu, Nguyn Tin Tn (2002), Kh c in,
Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut
5. PGS.TS L Vn Doanh dch (2010), Cm nang thit b ng ct ABB,
Nh xut bn khoa hc - k thut
6. Phan Th Thanh Bnh, Phan Quc Dng, Phm Quang Vinh, Phm Th
Thu Vn, Phan k Phc, Nguyn Vn Nh, Dng Lan Hng, Bi
Ngc Th, T Hu Phc, Nguyn B Bn, Nguyn Th Quang, Ng Hi
Thanh dch (2009), Hng dn thit k lp t in theo tiu chun
quc t IEC, Nh xut bn khoa hc - k thut
7. Www.abb.com