1

LI NI U
Trong s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc, cng nghip
in lc gi vai tr c bit quan trng, bi v in nng l ngun nng lng
c dng rng ri nht trong cc nghnh kinh t quc dn, vi vai tr nh
vy mt yu cu t ra cho h thng in l lm th no h thng cung cp
in lm vic c tin cy cao p ng mt cch tt nht nhu cu in nng
ngy cng pht truyn ca x hi. H thng cc thit b ng ct c mt
ngha quan trng trong h thng in. N m bo cho cc thit b in ch
yu nh my pht in, my bin p, ng dy dn in trn khng v cp
ngun, cc ng c inv ton b h thng in lm vic an ton, tin cy.
Cc thit b ng ct c nhim v l bo v v ng ct cc thit b in
trong h thng in, kp thi sa thi nhng phn t h thng khi h thng
in x l nhanh chng cc s c. Mt trong nhng s c nghim trng
trong h thng in l cc dng ngn mch, ngoi ra cn c cc s c nh
chm t, mt pha, qu ti
thc hin chc nng ng ct v bo v, yu cu i vi cc thit b
ng ct l lm vic tin cy, nhy cm cao, tnh tc ng nhanh v
bo v c chn lc.
Hin nay, h thng li in Vit Nam ang trn pht trin ha
nhp cng vi cc nc trn th gii nn h thng cc thit b ng ct cng
i mi vi nhiu chng loi mi, cng vi cc cng ngh tin tin ca nhiu
hng nh ABB, Siemens, Schneider Vi nhng l do em chn ti v
Nghin cu my ct thp p dng ln hng schneider ng dng trong
bng in chnh cc trm pht d phng khi ng t ng cc ng c
diesel.
nguyn cu su v cc thit b ng ct, bn n trnh by nhng
ni dung ch yu nh sau:
2
Chng 1: Gii thiu chung v thit b ng ct thp p
Chng 2: Gii thiu v ptmt hng schneider
Chng 3: My ct ng dng trong cc bng in phn phi ca cc trm
pht d phng t ng ton phn.
3
CHNG 1
GII THIU CHUNG THIT V B NG CT THP P
1.1. KHI QUT V YU CU CHUNG CHO CC THIT B NG
CT
1.1.1. Khi nim
My ct h p (cn gi l ptmt hay my ngt khng kh t ng), l
kh c in t ng ct mch in khi c s c: qu ti, ngn mch, in p
thp, cng sut ngc Trong cc mch in h p c in p nh mc n
660V xoay chiu v 330V mt chiu, c dng in nh mc ti 6000A.
Nhng my ct h p hin i c th ct dng in ti 300 kA.
i khi my ct h p cng c dng ng, ct khng thng xuyn
cc mch in ch bnh thng.
1.1.2. Yu cu
Ch lm vic nh mc ca my ct h p phi l ch lm vic di
hn, ngha l tr s dng in nh mc chy qua my ct lu bao nhiu cng
c. Mt khc tip im chnh ca n phi chu c dng in ngn mch
ln khi cc tip im c th ng hay ang ng.
My ct h p phi ngt c dng in ngn mch ln, c th n vi chc
kilampe. Sau khi ngt dng in ngn mch, my ct h p phi m bo
vn lm vic tt tr s dng in nh mc.
nng cao tnh n nh nhit v in ng ca cc thit b in, hn ch
s ngn mch do dng in ngn mch gy ra, my ct h p phi c thi gian
ct b.
gim kch thc lp t ca thit b v an ton trong vn hnh cn
phi hn ch vng chy h quang. Mun vy thng phi kt hp lc thao tc
c hc vi thit b dp h quang bn trong my ct h p.
4
thc hin yu cu thao tc c chn lc, my ct h p cn phi c kh
nng iu chnh tr s dng in tc ng v thi gian tc ng.
Nhng thng s c bn ca my ct h p gm: Dng in nh mc I
m
,
in p nh mc U
m
, dng in ngt gii hn v thi gian tc ng.
Thi gian tc ng ca my ct h p l mt thng s quan trng. Thi
gian ny c tnh t lc xy ra s c n khi ngn mch in b ngt hon
ton.
CT: t = t
0

+ t
1
+ t
2
( 1 - 1 )
Trong :
+ t
0

l thi gian tnh t lc xy ra ngn mch n khi dng in t ti tr s
tc ng I = I
t
. Thi gian t
0
ph thuc vo gi tr ca dng in khi ng, v
tc tng ca dng in
t
i
d
d
ph thuc vo thng s mch ngt.
+ t
1

l thi gian t khi I = I
td

n khi tip im my ct bt u chuyn ng,
thi gian ny ph thuc vo cc phn t bo v, c cu ngt, kt cu ca tip
im, trng lng phn ng. Nu t
1
> 0.01s th my ngt c thi gian tc
ng bnh thng. i vi my ct tc ng nhanh, thi gian t
1
= 0.002
0.008s
+ t
2

l thi gian chy ca h quang (ph thuc b phn dp h quang v tr
dng in ngt v bin php dp h quang).
1.1.3. Phn loi
a, Phn theo kt cu
+ Loi mt cc
+ Loi hai cc
+ Loi ba cc
b, Theo thi gian tc ng
+ Tc ng tc thi (nhanh)
+ Tc ng khng tc thi
5
c, Theo cng c bo v
+ Dng cc i
+ Dng cc tiu
+ ptmt in p thp
+ ptmt dng in cc tiu
+ ptmt bo v cng sut ngc
+ ptmt vn nng (ch to ch to cho mch c dng in ln cc thng
s bo v c th chnh nh c) loi ny khng c v v lp t trong cc
trm bin p ln.
+ ptmt nh hnh: bo v qu ti bng rle nhit, bo v qu in p
bng rle in t, t trong v nha.
1.2. NGUYN L LM VIC CA PTMT
1.2.1. Nguyn l lm vic ca ptmt tc ng theo mc dng
+ Loi dng cc tiu









Hnh 1.1. S nguyn l ptmt dng in cc tiu
Nguyn l lm vic: N t ng ngt mch khi dng in trong mch nh
hn dng in chnh nh I
c
. Khi I < I
c
, lc in t ca nam chm in 1
khng sc gi np 2 nn lc ko ca l xo 3 s ko tip im ng ra khi
tip im tnh, mch in b ngt. ptmt dng cc tiu dng bo v my
6
pht khi chuyn sang ch ng c khi nhiu my pht lm vic song
song, v ptmt loi dng cc tiu c nhiu nhc im nn t s dng.
+ Loi dng cc i









Hnh 1.2. S nguyn l ptmt dng in cc i.
Nguyn l lm vic: ptmt loi dng cc i t ng ngt mch khi
dng in vt qu tr s dng chnh nh I
c
. Khi I > I
c
, lc in t ca nam
chm in 1 thng lc cn l xo 3, np 2 b ko lm mu gia thanh 4 v n
5 bt ra, l xo ngt 6 ko tip im ng ra khi tip im tnh, mch in b
ngt. pmt dng cc i dng bo v mch in khi b qu ti hoc ngn
mch.
1.2.2. Nguyn l tc ng ca ptmt theo in p
+ Loi thp p
Nguyn l lm vic: N t ng ngt mch khi in p U gim xung
di mc chnh nh U
c
. Nu U < U
c
. Lc in t ca nam chm in 1
c cun dy mc song song vi li gim yu hn lc ko ca l xo 3 nn
mu gia thanh 4 v n 5 bt ra, l xo 6 ko tip im ng ri khi tip
im tnh, mch in b ct. ptmt in p thp dng bo v mch
in khi in p st qu thp hay khi mt in p ( bo v thp p U
TA

85% U
m
).
7





Hnh 1.3. S nguyn l ptmt in p thp
+ ptmt loi dng in ngc ( cho mng mt chiu)





p




dng



Hnh 1.4. Nguyn l lm vic ca ptmt dng in ngc
Thun
dng p

Ngc
dng p

Nguyn l lm vic: N t ng ct mch in khi hng truyn dng
in thay i (khi dng in thay i chiu). Nu nng lng truyn thun
chiu, t thng ca cun dy dng in v cun dy in p ca nam chm
in 1 cng chiu vi nhau, lc in t ln hn lc l xo 3, ptmt ng.
Khi chiu dng in thay i (cng sut truyn ngc), lc in t ca nam
chm in t l vi bnh phng hiu hai t thng do dng in v in p
sinh ra, do lc in t gim i rt nhiu, khng thng ni lc ko l xo 3,

8
mu gia thanh 4 v n 5 bt ra, l xo ngt 6 ko tip im ng ri khi
tip im tnh, mch in b ngt.
1.3. NI TNG CASCADE PTMT
1.3.1. Ni tng tc ng theo mc dng
K thut ny s dng s phn bc ngng dng tc ng ca phn t tc
ng tc thi kiu t, tnh chn lc tuyt i trong trng hp ny l khng
th c do I
SCA
I
SCB
nn c hai CB ny cng tc ng, khi y chn lc l tng
phn v c gii hn theo I
rm
ca CB nm pha trc, CB pha sau l loi
hn ch dng.
ci thin c tnh chn lc theo gi tr dng nn s dng mt CB hn
ch dng mch pha sau ngha l CB khi xy ra ngn mch pha sau thit b
B, dng hn ch I
B
s tc ng CB B, song khng A tc ng.
Lu : mi CB m ta xem xt y u c mc hn ch dng no , d
cho chng khng c xp vo loi hn ch dng. iu ny cn lu cho c
tuyn ca CB chun A trn hnh di y. Ch bng cch tnh ton v th
nghim cn thn mi cho php thc thi kiu phi hp ny.











Hnh 1.5. CB B l gii hn dng.
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CB pha trc c dng tc ng nhanh vi tr hn ngn (SD).
Cc thit b ny c trang b b tc ng c gn thm b lm tr c hc
khng hiu chnh. Nh vy tr a vo m bo tnh chn lc vi tt c
CB tc ng nhanh (t pha sau) vi b k dng s c no nh hn I
rms.

V d CB A: compact NS250N trang b mt b tc ng SD I
r
= 250, gi
tr t b tc ng l 2000A. CB B compact NS100N, I
r
= 100A. Sch tra cu
phn phi in Merlin Gerin cho bit gi tr gii hn ca tnh chn lc:
3000A (thay v 2500A nu nh ta s dng b tc ng kiu chun).








Hnh 1.6. S dng mt CB chn lc pha trc.
1.3.2. Ni tng tc ng theo thi gian
S tc ng theo thi gian ca cc CB c tnh chn lc. ng dng ca n
l tng i n gin v n da trn c s lm tr nhiu hoc t thi im m
ca cc CB mc ni tip theo trnh t thi gian kiu bc thang.
K thut ny cn
a vo b nh th trong c cu tc ng
Cc CB c kh nng chu c cc hiu ng nhit v in ng ca dng
trong thi gian tr.
Hai CB A v B mc ni tip (nh vy gi tr dng i qua chng l nh
nhau) s c tnh chn lc nu nh thi gian ct ca B ngn hn thi gian tc
ng ca A
10
Chn lc nhiu cp
V d: thc hin vi cc CB Masterpact (bo v in t) (MG)
Chng c th c trang b cc b to tr bn nc iu chnh nh:
- tr (tng ng vi mt nc cho trc) c gi tr ln hn ton b thi
gian ct ca nc thp hn ngay pha sau.
- tr tng ng vi nc u tin c gi tr ln hn ton b thi gian ct ca
mt CB ct nhanh (dng compact) hoc ca cu ch.








Hnh 1.7. Chn lc theo thi gian.
1.3.3. Ni tng kt hp








Hnh 1.8. Chn lc kt hp.
Mt b lm tr thi gian kiu c hc gp phn ci thin c tnh ca chn
lc theo tc ng dng
11
Chn lc tuyt i nu I
SCB
< I
rmA
(gi tr tcc thi)
CB pha trc c th s dng hai ngng tc ng
Gi tr tr I
rmA
hoc to b tr kiu in t SD (short delay)
Gi tr tc thi I
rmA
chun (Compact kiu SA)
1.3.4. Ni tng da trn mc nng lng h quang
H thng ny cho php chn lc tuyt i gia hai CB c cng dng s
c. iu ny t c nh s dng CB hn ch dng v tc ng CB nh cm
ng p sut trong bung h quang ca CB. Mc p sut khng kh b nng ln
tu thuc vo mc nng lng ca h quang.










Hnh 1.9. Chn lc theo mc h quang.
K thut ny dng cho cc mch c dng ngn mch 25I
n
v m bo
tnh chn lc tuyt i gia hai CB c cng dng ngn mch i qua, k thut
ny i hi nng lng lm tc ng CB A trn ngun.
Nguyn tc vn hnh: C hai CB c kh nng hn ch dng, do lc in t
do ngn mch pha di ca CB B lm tip im h quang hn ch dng ca
c hai CB ng thi m. Dng s c s b hn ch nh hai h quang mc ni
tip cng nhit h quang trong mi CB lm khng kh trong cc ngn dp
12
h quang n ra v tng p sut. trn mt mc dng no , tc tng p
sut c th dng pht hin v khi ng ct tc thi.

Hnh 1.10. Nguyn tc chn lc theo nng lng h quang.
Nguyn tc chn lc: Nu c hai CB c b ct theo p sut c chnh nh
ng, s chn lc cho hai CB c nh mc khc nhau i hi phi chnh CB
B ct mc p sut thp hn CB A. Nu ngn mch xy ra sau A v trc B,
ch c h quang ca A hn ch dng m thi. Dng trong trng hp ny s
ln hn so vi trng hp s c sy ra sau B. Dng qua A ln hn s sinh p
sut ln hn, lm b tc ng theo p sut lm vic s di y,
dng CB cng ln th CB ct cng nhanh.
S chn lc c m bo nu
+ T s dng nh mc ca 2 CB 2,5
+ T s dng ngt chnh nh > 1,6
13
i vi iu kin ngt mch 25 I
n
ta dng s bo v truyn thng nh
cp.
1.4. CU TO CHUNG CA PTMT
1.4.1. t vn
Ngy nay di s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc k thut nn cc thit
b in c sn xut mt cch n gin, gn nh, cha nhiu tnh nng hn
trc kia rt nhiu v c bit l cc thit b in ngy nay a s l c th
ghp ni c cng vi my tnh, c iu khin trc tip trn my tnh
hoc l iu khin t xa thng qua b iu khin cm tay, ptmt cng l
mt trong nhng thit b .
1.4.2. Phn c kh ca ptmt









Hnh 1.11. Hnh nh ptmt.
1.4.3. Tip im ca aptmt

).

). Nh vy h
quang ch chy trn tip im h quang, do bo v c tip im chnh
dn in. Dng thm tip im ph trnh h quang chy lan vo lm h
14
tip im chnh.
g nh Ag-W, Cu-W, Ni...
1.4.4. Mc bo v
, s tc
ng khi mch in c s c qu dng in v st p.
-
.

.
).

.
.

600A.
, cun dy c ny
c qun nhiu vng vi dy tit din nh chu in p ngun.

15
1.4.5. Hp dp h quang
Hp dp h quang: ptmt dp c h quang trong tt c cc ch
lm vic ca li in th ngi ta thng dng hai kiu thit b dp h
quang l: kiu na kn v kiu h. Thit b dp kiu na kn c t trong
v kn ca ptmt v c l thot kh.








Hnh 1.12. Cu trc chung ca ptmt.
Kiu ny c dng in gii hn ct khng qu 50kA. Thit b dp kiu h
c dng khi gii hn dng in ct ln hn 50kA hoc in p ln hn
1000V. Trong bung dp h quang thng dng ngi ta thng dng nhng
tm thp xp thnh li ngn. phn chia h quang thnh nhiu on
ngn thun li cho vic dp tt h quang. Hnh dng kt cu hp dp h
quang c trnh by trn. Cng mt thit b dp tt h quang, khi lm
vic mch in xoay chiu in p n 500V th c th dp tt c h
quang ca dng in n 40kA, nhng khi lm vic mch in mt chiu
in p n 440V th ch c th ct c dng in n 20kA.
1.4.6. C cu truyn ng ct ptmt
C cu truyn ng ct ptmt: gm c cu ng ct v khu truyn
ng trung gian, truyn ng ct ptmt thng c hai cch: bng tay v
bng c in (in t, ng c in). iu khin bng tay (nm gt hoc nt
n) c thc hin vi cc ptmt c dng in nh mc khng ln hn
16
600A. iu khin bng c in (nam chm in, ng c in, hoc h thng
thu lc) c ng dng cc ptmt ng ct t xa v c ng dng vi
ptmt c dng in ln hn n 1000A. tng lc iu khin bng tay
ngi ta cn dng mt tay di ph theo nguyn l n by. Ngoi ra cn c
cch iu khin bng ng c in hoc kh nn.
Khu truyn ng trung gian dng ph bin nht trong ptmt l c cu
t do trt khp. Hnh 1.13 trnh by mt khu truyn ng trung gian ca
ptmt c c cu iu khin bng nam chm in. Khi ng bnh thng
(khng c s c) , cc tay n 2, 3 c ni cng v tm O nm thp di
ng ni hai im O
1
v O
2
c ni. Gi 5 lm cho hai n ny khng
t gp li c, ta ni im O v tr cht ( hnh 1.13a )
Khi c s c, phn ng 6 ca nam chm in 7 b ht dp vo h thng
tay n 2, 3 lm cho im O thot khi v tr cht. im O s cao hn ng
ni O
1
O
2
, lc ny hai tay n 2, 3 khng c ni cng na, cc tip im s
nhanh chng m ra di tc ng ca l xo ko tip im (hh 1.13b)
Mun ng li ptmt, ta phi ko tay cm 4 xung pha di cho hai tay
n 2, 3 dui thng ra nh hnh 1.13c, sau mi ng vo c









Hnh 1.13. C cu nh khp t do a, v tr dng; b, v tr m; c v tr chun b
ng li.
17
1.4.7. Phn t bo v
Cc phn t bo v ptmt gm: bo v qu ti, bo v ngn mch, bo
v st p, bo v dng in d, bo v tng hp bng t hp mch in t.
bo v thit b khi qu ti, trong ptmt thng c phn t bo v
qu ti, kt cu ca n tng t nh mt rle nhit, phn t pht nng ca r
le nhit c u ni tip vi mch in chnh. Khi qu ti, tm kim loi kp
gin n lm nh ri t do m tip im ca ptmt. ng c tnh
ampe- giy ca rle nhit phi nm di ng c tnh ca thit b bo v.
Loi ny c nhc im c qun tnh nhit ln v khng bo v c ngn
mch.
Phn t bo v ngn mch trong ptmt c kt cu tng t nh mt
rle dng in, c cun dy mc ni tip vi mch in chnh (hoc mt phn
dng in chnh i qua cun dy). Khi dng in vt qu tr s cho php th
phn ng b ht, lm nh khp ri t do v m tip im ptmt.
iu chnh vt thay i lc ca l xo phn lc ta c th iu chnh c tr
s dng in ti ng.
Phn t bo v st p c kt cu tng t nh rle in p, cun dy
c mc vo in p ngun, khi c s c st p hay mt in p, lc ht
in t khng sc ht phn ng, l xo phn lc y phn ng, lm nh
khp ri t do v lm m tip im ca ptmt.
Phn t bo v dng in d, cng nh phn t bo v nhiu thng s
c cu to bi cc mch vi in t, trong cc khi o lng so snh,
khuch i v chp hnh.
1.5. LA CHN S B PTMT THNG THNG
1.5.1. t vn
hn ch nhng hu qu nguy him gy ph hng s c qu dng, qu
ti, s c hng cch in, v cch ly phn h hng ra khi li v vy vic la
chn thit b bo v cho mch in ht sc quan trng, v vic la chn
18
phi da trn rt nhiu yu t nhng phi ph hp vi cc tiu chun ca tng
thit b, v phi tun th theo tiu chun quc t.
1.5.2. La chn theo mc dng
Vic la chn ptmt ch yu da vo: Dng n tnh ton trong mch,
dng in qu ti, tnh thao tc chn lc. Ngoi ra la chn ptmt cn phi
cn c vo t tnh lm vic ca ph ti l ptmt khng c php ct khi
c qu ti ngn hn thng xy ra trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng nh
dng in khi ng, dng in ng trong ph ti cng ngh.
Yu cu chung l lm vic nh mc ca mc bo v I
ptmt
khng c
b hn dng in tnh ton I
tt
ca mch:
I
ptmt
I
tt
( 1-2 )
Ty theo c tnh v iu kin lm vic ca ph ti, ngi ta hng dn
la chn dng in nh mc ca mc bo v bng 125%, 150%, hay ln hn
na so vi dng in tnh ton mch.
Sau cng ta chn ptmt theo cc s liu k thut cho ca nh ch to.
ptmt c la chn t hai h thng: H thng ct mch in v h thng
d tm s c.
+ Chn h thng cch b tr ct mch in
H thng ny gm c lin ng c kh vi cc cc ct dng in v s
c b tr theo cc chc nng sau: S lung cc cc: S lng cc dy dn
ct, in p nh mc (in p s dng), loi dng in (xoay chiu hay
mt chiu).
Dng in I
b
: dng in s dng ca mch in, chnh dng in ny cho
php ta xc nh dng in nh mc m ngi ta gi l c ptmt. Dng
in ngn mch I
cc
: l dng ngn mch m kh c in (ptmt) c th
chp nhn c c th ct tin hnh bo v ngay lp tc cc thit b in
pha sau ca ptmt. Chng ta lun lun phi chn ptmt c kh nng ct
cao hn dng I
cc
tnh ton pha sau ptmt.
19
+ Chn loi h thng m ( hay d tm s c thc hin tc ng m )
S b tr in t - nhit hay in t, thc hin iu khin ca cc cc ct,
c chn theo chc nng: Dng I
b,
dng in cc i m n i qua mch
in khi lm vic bnh thng. Dng in t ngt xut hin khi t di in
p (dng in m my). Ty theo gi tr qu dng in ny, ngi ta xc nh
loi ung cong s dng (B, C, D) ca h thng m ca ptmt. (chn
ung t tuyn ca h thng trong catl m cc nh sn xut v vin gim
nh khoa hc k thut gim nh.
Ngoi ra CB cn c la chn tu vo
Cc c tnh in m n c t vo: mi trng s dng ca thit b,
nhit xung quanh, lp t trong t hoc khng, cc iu kin kh hu kh
nng to v ct dng ngn mch.
Cc yu cu khai thc tnh chn lc, cc yu cu nh iu khin t xa,
cc cng tc ph, cc cun dy tc ng ph, c a thm vo h thng mng
tn hiu ni b (thng tin, iu khin, ch th,)
Cc quy tc lp t, c bit l bo v con ngi
Cc c tnh ti nh l ng c, n chiu sng hunh quang, my bin p
Nhng bc tip theo gn lin vi vic chn mt CB trong li phn phi.
+ Chn dng nh mc ph thuc nhit mi trng
Dng nh mc ca mt CB c xc nh theo s vn hnh ca thit b
ng vi nhit mi trng cho trc, thng l 30
0
cho cc CB dn dng,
40
0
cho CB cng nghip.
S vn hnh cc CB trong cc iu kin nhit khc nhau ph thuc
vo cng ngh ch to b tc ng
+ Cc b tc ng kiu in t nhit khng b
Cc CB vi b tc ng theo nguyn tc nhit khng b c dng tc ng
ph thuc vo nhit . Nu nh thit b c t trong t, hoc trong mi
trng nhit cao th dng tc ng khi qu ti c th b gim xung. C th
20
chuyn hng nu CB lm vic vi nhit cao hn nhit chun. V vy,
cc nh thit k phi cung cp bng chuyn hng cho thit b c thit k,
mt khc cc thit b dng mun thng c lp cnh nhau trong t kim
loi c kch thc nh. Tc dng nhit qua li khi c dng, s lm chng
xung hng theo h s 0.8.
Cc b phn ny c trang b mt thanh lng kim b nhit cho php
chn dng hiu chnh I
r
ca b phn tc ng theo s thay i nhit trong
phm vi nh sn CB ( 630A ) thng c trang b b phn tc ng t
nhit c b t -5
0
n +40
0
.
Ghi ch lin quan n vic gim nh mc ca CB
Mt CB c nh mc dng theo nhit mi trng chun (30
0
C) s b qu
nhit khi mang nhit cng dng 50
0
C.
V CB h p c thit b bo v qu dng (nu khng c b) s tc ng
mc thp hn khi nhit cao hn, CB t ng b gim nh mc do b tc
ng qu ti. khi b tc ng nhit c b c th chnh (0.71).I
n
trong
mi trng -5
0
C n 40
0
C.
Vi cc CB c b ny trong catalogue thng c gi tr xng hng
ca I
n
nhit trn mc c b, v d nh 50
0
C v 60
0
C, nh 95A 50
0
C
v 90A 60
0
C cho CB 100A.
+ B tc ng kiu in t
C u im ln v n nh khi vn hnh trong iu kin nhit thay
i. Mc d vy, cc thit b ng ct vn chu nh hng nhit nn nh
ch to thng cung cp di dng biu cc gi tr ln nht ca ngng
dng tc ng cho php theo nhit .
+ Chn ngng ct tc thi hoc c tr ngn
Sau y l bng tng kt cc c im chnh ca b tc ng kiu t hoc
c tr ngn (theo phn loi ca IEC898), bng tc ng tc thi hoc c tr
ngn.
21

Bng 1.1. Bng tc ng tc thi hoc c tr

+ Chn CB theo kh nng ct
Lp mt CB bo v trong mng phn phi in h th cn phi p ng
mt trong hai iu kin sau y:
Hoc c kh nng ct I
cu
(hoc I
cn
) t nht c gi tr bng dng ngn mch
gi nh ti im lp t.
Hoc, nu khng phi kt hp vi mt thit b ct khc t pha trc v
c kh nng ct cn thit. Trong trng hp ny c tnh ca hai thit b phi
c phi hp sao cho nng lng i qua thit b pha trc khng ln hn
kh nng chu ng (khng b h hi) ca cc thit b pha sau v ca h
thng dy dn c bo v bng cc thit b ny.
Kh nng tn dng trong:
Dng B tc ng ng dng

Ngng thp dng B
My pht d phng
Dy c chiu di ln

Ngng chun dng C
Bo v mch: Trng
hp chung

Ngng cao dng D, K
Bo v mch trong
trng hp qu ban
u ln


12I
n
dng MA
Bo v ng c khi
phi hp vi cng tc
t ngt
22
Phi hp cu ch CB
Phi hp CB gii hn dng v CB tiu chun.
1.5.3. Mt s loi ptmt
a) Ptmt vn nng c phn t bo v in t, nhit.
Ptmt loi ny c ch to cho cc mch in cng sut ln, c th
chnh nh c cc thng s bo v trong phm vi tng i rng. Loi ny
thng c bo v ngn mch v bo v mt in p. N khng c v, dng
trong cc trm h p, cc trm phn phi hnh 1.12 trnh by nguyn l cu
to ca ptmt vn nng c dng in nh mc ln hn 200A trng thi
ngt.











Hnh 1.14. ptmt vn nng.
1, Tip im dp h quang 2, bung dp h quang 3, Tip im lm vic
4, Cun dy ng 5, Rle nhit 6,7. C cu t do tut khp 8. Rle dng in
cc i 9, 10. Rle in p 11. Cun dy ct t xa 12 Cn ng ct 13. Gi
ta.
Nu quay tay gt 12 i mt gc n v tr ng hoc iu khin t xa
bng h thng in t 4, thanh 6, 7 s p ln thanh gn cc tip im quay
23
trc O
1
. Ln lt cc tip im h quang 1 v tip im lm vic 3 ng,
mch in c ng hon ton. Khi c s c cc phn t bo v cn tc
ng y c cu t do tut khi khp (thanh 6,7) l xo 9 s ko thanh gn tip
im ng, ln lt tip im lm vic 3 sau tip im h quang 1 m ra.
H quang xut hin trn tip im 1 v nhanh chng c dp tt nh bung
dp h quang 2.
Cc phn t bo v bao gm: bo v qu ti nh rle nhit 5, 7, bo v
ngn mch bng rle dng in cc i 8 c cun dy (thng l thanh ci
vi s vng w = 1 i qua mch t) mc ni tip vi dng in ng lc, bo
v mt in p bng rle in p 10 c in p mc song song vi hai pha ca
li in, nam chm 11 ct ptmt t xa khi cn thit.
b) ptmt nh hnh:










Hnh 1.15. ptmt nh hnh.
1, u ni 2, 3, Bung dp h quang 4, Tip im tnh 5, C cu truyn
ng 6, Bo v qu ti 7, Bo v ngn mch 8, Nt ct.
Loi ptmt ny thng c dng in nh mc n 1600A, dng cho c
mch xoay chiu ln mt chiu. Hnh 1.15 trnh by nguyn l cu to ca
ptmt nh hnh. Loi ny thng ch c rle nhit v rle dng in cc
24
i bo v qu ti v ngn mch. Tt c cc chi tit u c t trong v
nha kn c kch thc nh, gn, s dng rt tin li, dng thay th cu
dao, cu ch rt tt.
25
CHNG 2
GII THIU V PTMT HNG SCHNEIDER
2.1. T VN
Trong thi i cng nghip ha hin i ha hin nay cc nh my x
nghip, cc th pht truyn ko theo l cc ta nh cao tng, cc khu vui
chi pht truyn mt cch nhanh chng. Vi xu th ko theo s cn
cung cp nng lng in v vic bo tr cng nh vic s dng cc kh c
bo v cc thit b in, s dng chng mt cch hp l qu trnh pht
truyn t nc c nhanh chng v m bo an ton trong khi vn hnh cc
thit b cng nh s dng chng ng vi tc dng ca n l rt cn thit.
2.2. CU TO CHUNG CA PTMT HNG SCHNEIDER
2.2.1. Tip im
Nhng c trng xy dng phn chuyn ng.











Hnh 2.1. Mch chn lc
26


Hnh 2.2. Mch hn ch hin thi.
1. Gi lm bng thp tm.
2. Cm bin dng in tc ng.
3. u ni chng git.
4. u ni nm ngang.
5a. Tip im tnh.
5b. Tip im h quang.
6a. Tip im chnh ( ng ).
6b. Tip im h quang ( ng ).
7. Bung dp h quang.
8. Tip im trt.
9. Cun nh bo v.
10. Cun iu khin ng m.
11. L xo ng.
12. L xo to lc ng.
13. Cn np ct bng tay.
27
14. Thit b ko tho.
15. Thit b ng, m tc ng iu khin.
2.2.2. Phn c kh
Gm cc c cu ca ptmt











Hnh 2.3. phn c kh
(1) Trip bar: Thanh nh l kh ( thanh trung gian ).
( 2) Tripping Actuator: Thit b tc ng to nh.
(3) Unit Case ( n v hp): Khi ngn mch li xy ra, a ch lin lc
c m v h quang c to ra gia cc a ch lin lc. Vo thi im
p lc trong n v cao.
(4) Hole ( l): p sut kh cao thi qua l xoay vp thit b truyn ng.
2.2.3. Dp h quang
Dp h quang bng thit b dp na h dng cho Ptmt. Trong cu
trc ca bung dp h quang c cc thanh thp chia nh dng h quang.



28



Hnh 2.4. Arc Extinguishing Concep
PA t ng-Nc l cng ngh tng b gin on hiu sut bng cch thi
kh. h quang bi gc bn phi. p sut kh c to ra t vt liu polymer
cao c tch ly trong tch ly khng gian, v kh c thi vo cung dp
tt. c bit l cng ngh ny ci thin cao hiu sut ph v in p.
Extinguishing unit : Hp dp h quang.
Movable conductor : Tip im ng.
Unit case : V, hp.
Gas flow : Lu lng kh.
Arc : H quang.
Fixed conductor : Cht dn ( dy dn c nh).
VJC insulation (high polymer materials): Tm cch in nhit s dng
VJC.
(1) Ablation (2) Gas accumulating (3) Gas flow (4) Arc extinguishing : (1)
loi tr -(2) kh ga-(3) lu lng kh-(4) cung dp tt


29
2.2.4. Cc c tnh
2.2.4.1. ng cong chc nng L-I
L: Long time khi dng nh thi gian tc ng chm
S: Short time ct trong trng hp ngn mch vi thi gian tc ng nhanh
I: Iustant time Ct khn cp khi dng ln vi thi gian nh










Hnh 2.5. c tnh ng cong chc nng L-I
2.2.4.2. ng cong chc nng L-S(t=k/I
2
)-I










Hnh 2.6. c tnh ng cong chc nng L-S(t=k/I
2
)-I
30


2.2.4.3. ng cong chc nng L-S(t=k)-I












Hnh 2.7. c tnh ng cong chc nng L-S(t=k)-I
2.2.4.4. ng cong chc nng G
.

Hnh 2.8. c tnh ng cong chc nng G
31

2.3. Cc i lng v thng s ca ptmt khi cn tnh ton
a, i lng la chn v kim tra
in p nh mc, kV
m m mMC
U U
,

Dng in lu di nh mc, A
cb mMC
I I
Dng in ct nh mc, kVA
N mc
I I
Cng sut nh mc, kA
N mc
S S
Dng in ngn mch xung kch cho php, kA
(cn gi l dng n nh ng)

xk m
i i
.

Dng in n nh nhit
nh m
qd
nh dm
t
t
i i
.
.

Trong k hiu dng bng trn
m m
U
.
in p nh mc ca mng in
cb
I Dng in cng bc qua my ct
N
I Dng ngn mch. Trong thit k h thng cung cp in coi ngn mch
xa, do I I I
N
' '

N N
UI S 3
xk
I Dng ngn mch xung kch
' '
2 8 . 1 I i
xk

nh m
t
.
Thi gian n nh nhit nh mc = 5ms hoc 10ms
q
t Thi gian ct
b) Tnh chn lc ca ptmt
Thng c mt s thit b bo v ca dng in nm gia ngun v cc
b phn thit b yu cu bo v, cc kh c in ny phi tha mn tnh chn
lc gi hn s c lan rng nh hng n cc b phn khc ca h thng
tnh chn lc c nh ngha:
- Xung dng in bnh thng khng gy ngn mch
32
- Khi vn hnh ng ch thit b bo v gn ch s c nht theo chiu cung
cp mi c tc ng
- Nu thit b ny b hng mt thit b khc mi tc ng cc yu t ch yu
bo v I
cp
v thi gian T
cp
cc Aptomat A
1
, A
2
, A
3
lm vic. H thng li
in phi c tnh la chn khi xy ra s c.











Hnh 2.9. S ni tng ptmt.
V d: khi ngn mach C th ch c ngt ngt in mch ng c
M
3
tc cc ptmt khc vn c dng v c cung cp in bnh thng
cho cc nhnh khng s c l la chn tng phn. Nhng v l do no d
m A
33
khng lm vic th c cp bo v tip im theo m bo theo i ca
dng in ngn mch t bin p im C th A
22
s thc hin cp bo v ny.
l la chn tuyt i.
S la chn trong bo v t c do s khc nhau v thi gian v thi
gian lm vic ca cp bo v c gi l mc la chn theo thi gian
ngha l thi gian lm vic ca cp bo v trc (Vd A
22
) phi ln hn thi
gian lm vic ca cp bo v sau (A
33
) ngoi ra cn c mc la chn theo
dng in yu cu l dng in ngt cp I phi nh hn dng in cp i+1 vd
33
A
1
c th lm vic im ngn mch a, b A
1
thi gian bo v ko di
nhng khi xut hin ngn mch im a c th cn phi ngt mch h hng
sm hn thi gian cho php v s ko di thi gian chy trong mch dng
in ln hn khi ngn mch c th lm cho dy nng ln lm hng dy dn v
thit b do khi dng in ngn mch s ct mt cch t ngt, nhanh chng
nh b ngt dng in.
Tnh chn ptmt
Bo v ngn mch chn lc c phn chia theo thi gian b xung c lp
vi dng in thi gian tng A
t
ca ptmt pha di phi ngn hn thi
gian iu khin cc tiu T
m
ca ptmt pha trn, thi gian phn chia gia
hai ptmt vo khong 100ms.









Hnh 2.10. Tnh ton chn lc ni tng hai ptmt.
1 ptmt pha trn
2 ptmt pha di
t
m
Thi gian iu chnh cc tiu
t
A
Thi gian tng
kh nng chn lc t
A
< t
m1
Tnh chn lc ca ptmt hn ch dng in cu ch pha trn.
34
Vi cch b tr ny tn ti tnh chn lc nu I
2
t
A
ca my ct thp hn gi
tr ti hn ngn nht I
2
t
S
ca cu ch.
Tnh chn lc ptmt dng in khng cu ch pha di
Trng hp ny cc cu ch c dng dnh mc ln hn dng nh mc ca
ptmt thi gian ct tng (t
S
+t
1
) ca cu ch phi ngn hn thi gian iu
khin nh nht t
m
ca ptmt.
Tnh chn lc ptmt dng in khng ptmt hn ch dng in pha
di.
Yu cu trong trng hp ny l thi gian ct t
A
i vi dng in ngoi I
a

ca b hn ch dng in phi ln hn thi gian iu khin ti thiu ca
ptmt pha di.









Hnh 2.11. Tnh chn lc ni tng hai ptmt ct dng in khng b hn
ch dng.
1 ptmt pha trn
2 ptmt pha di
t
m
Thi gian iu khin nh nht
t
A
thi gian tng
Kh nng chn lc khi t
A2
(I
A
) < t
m1

b) Cc i lng v thng s ca ptmt khi cn tnh ton v la chn
35
2.4. NG DNG CA PTMT HNG SCHNEIDER
2.4.1. Ptmt 1 cc (kiu T3)


RT3.06-40A1P
Hnh 2.12. (6/10/16/20/25/32/40/50/63) 1 Pole ptmt dng ct 6000A.
ptmt tp khi 2P -2E
Vi cng dng bo v mch in chng qu ti v ngn mch, cc dng
sn phm ptmt Roman s mang n cho cng trnh mt gii php bo
v an ton h thng in.
Kh nng chng in git: Khng chm ti cc b phn mng in
Khng bin dng, phng rp di tc ng ca ngoi quan
Sn xut theo tiu chun IEC60898
c tnh k thut
c lm t vt liu chng chy v cch in
Ph hp vi tiu chun IEC 60898
Ngt t ng dng ngn mch khi n va xut hin
Thng s k thut
Dng nh mc 06 - 63A
36
in p nh mc 220/380V AC
Dng ct (IEC 60898): 6.000A
2E c tc dng bo v thit b trn c 2 cc ca ptmt (Khi trng hp b
u nhm dy th ptmt vn hot ng bnh thng l u im vt tri
so vi 1E)
2.4.2. MCCB & ELCB MITSUBISHI





Hnh 2.13. WSS th h mi ( khc larse chm, khng decal )
Sn xut ti Nht
Tiu chun ton cu ( IEC/JIS/EN/GB/UL/CSA )
Ampe Frame hon chnh t 30(32)AF n 1600AF
Chc nng c bn :
MCCB : Cch ly, bo v qu ti, ngn mch.
ELCB : Cch ly, bo v qu ti, ngn mch, dng r.
Cc dng sn phm :
NF/NV- C : loi kinh t
( NF30-CS, NF63-CW, NF125-CW, NF250-CW, NF400-CW, NF630-
CW, NF800-CEW )
NF/NV- S : loi tiu chun ( NF32-SW, NF63-SW, NF125-SW, NF250-SW,
NF400-SW, NF630-SW, NF800-SEW, NF1250-SEW, NF1600-SEW )
NF/NV- H : loi dng ct cao
NF/NV-U: loi hn dng
37
Ph kin lp bn trong
AL : Tip im cnh bo
AX : Tip im ph
SHT : Cun ct
UVT : Bo v thp p
Ph kin lp bn ngoi
1./ B chuyn thao tc xoay
2./ Ming che v tr ni in
3./ B vn hnh bng motor
4./ Kha c kh lin ng MI dng cho 2 MCCB
( B chuyn ngun MTS, ATS 3P/4P 250A, 300A, 400A, 600A, 800A,
1000A, 1250A, 1600A Mitsubishi )
5./ Kha cn thao tc.
2.5. MY CT THP P HNG SCHNEIDER
2.5.1. Chc nng
My ct in dng ng, ct mch khi c dng ph ti v c khi c
dng ngn mch. My ct thp p l c cu ng m c kh c kh nng
ng, dn lin tc v ct dng in trong iu kin bnh thng v c trong
thi gian gii hn khi xy ra iu kin bt thng trong mch (v d nh
ngn mch). My ct c s dng ng m ng dy trn khng, cc
nhnh cp, my bin p, cun khng in v t in. Chng cng c s
dng cho 2 thanh gp, sao cho in nng c th c truyn t mt thanh
gp ny sang mt thanh gp khc.
My ct c thit k c bit dng cho cc nhim v c bit nh
ng st, s dng li
3
2
16 Hz phi dp tt h quang di hn (di hn
na sng).
My ct c s dng cho l nung chy c hot ng thng xuyn th
yu cu lc tc ng nh hn v dung lng ct thp hn. Do vy chng t
38
chu mi mn, mc d ch ng m cao v khong thi gian lm vic di.
Yu cu vi chng phi ct nhanh, khi ng/ct khng gy n hoc chy,
kch thc gn nh, gi thnh h. Trong my ct cao p vn dp tt h
quang khi ct ngn mch rt quan trng. Do vy thng cn c phng php
dp h quang phn loi my ct.
Ngt dng in ngn mch l ch lm vic nng nht v c bn. Song
qa in p sinh ra khi ngt dng in b ca my bin p khng ti, ngt
dng in dung ca ng dy di v nhiu trng hp khc cng l iu
kin lm vic nng n cho c h thng ngt.
Trong nhiu trng hp i lng qu in p c xc nh bng s
c bit ca kt cu my ct, cho nn cc yu cu i vi my ct cao p
hin i khng ging nh i vi mt my cch li dng in n gin m
phi yu cu nh thit b ngt mch c dng in khng lm nguy hi cho
h thng v m bo an ton chc chn. Ch to my ct nu ch c tc dng
ngt dng in ph ti th n gin hn.
Theo nguyn tc h thng dn in ca my ct ni tip vi mch in
ca cc thit b in cao p. Khi cc b phn kt cu c bn ca my ct
cn phi chng s tc ng nhit, in t trong khi lm vic bnh thng
cng nh khi ngn mch phi chng trng tnh in tc ng vo cch in
lc in p nh mc v c trong lc qu in p. Trong qu trnh lm vic
ca my ct cn c nhng hin tng sinh ra thm nhiu ph ti nhit, c v
in tc ng vo tng b phn ring ca kt cu my ct (s chy ca h
quang in khi ngt, s tng p sut ca cht kh v cht lng trong khng
gian cng tc, cc b phn c chuyn ng vi gia tc ln v nhiu nhng
hin tng khc). Trong trng hp cc d tr kt cu ca my ct qui nh
khng tng ng vi iu kin cho trc th mi yu t k c th l
nguyn nhn sinh h hng tng b phn hay ton b cc phn ca my
ngt, dn ti ph hng s lm vic bnh thng ca mt khu vc trong h
39
thng in, ngha l dn ti s c. My ct phi t ng hn ch s c trong
h thng, nn cc b phn kt cu ca n phi tuyt i n nh i vi tc
ng nhit v lc in ng, cng nh i vi tc ng ca in p mi gi
tr.
a) Yu cu chung i vi my ct
a.1) S tng ng ca c tnh my ct i vi nhng qui nh cho trc ca
n.
a.2) Tt c cc b phn kt cu ca my ct trong thi gian vn hnh phi lm
vic.
Cc yu cu chung i vi my ct cao p c nu trong cc tiu chun
k thut khc nhau (nh tiu chun Lin X c OCT 687 41 hay cc tiu
chun quc t: IEC, DIN VDE, ANSI).
b) Cc yu cu c bit khc
Ngoi nhng yu cu chung, trong cc trng hp ring cng c nhng
yu cu c bit i vi my ct, ph thuc vo iu kin ring m my ct
lm vic, nh:
b.1) Kh nng lm vic vng m t, nhiu bi bm
b.2) Kh nng lm vic vng rt cao hn mt bin.
b.3) Kh nng lm vic cc thit b di ng
b.4) Thch hp vi iu kin lm vic nhit rt thp.
Do nng lng ngy cng pht trin, v p dng cc phng php hon
chnh trong vn hnh h thng in nn my ct l mt trong nhng b phn
quan trng nht ca h thng yu cu nng cao cc ch tiu k thut vn hnh
nh: tng dng in nh mc, tng cng sut ngt, nng cao tc ng
nhanh, tc ng nhanh nhiu ln ca AB (ng lp li t ng), tng
chng n mn ca cc b phn c v ca cch in; vn chuyn, lp rp, vn
hnh thun tin, an ton v n v ha hon...
Trong khi thit k my ct hin i cn c bit lu n vn nng
40
cao cc ch tiu kinh t k thut, trng lng t nht trong mt n v cng
sut ngt. Kt cu ca my ct cn phi n gin, vng chc, cc chi tit v
cc mi kt cu trong tt c cc loi my ngt phi thng nht v cn phi p
dng cc phng php gia cng tin tin. Trong ch to s dng rng ri cc
nguyn liu c tnh c, tnh in, tnh nhit cao v kinh t nht (cc nguyn
liu tip im c bit, gm c bn cao)
2.5.2. Phn loi
a) My ct nhiu du
Du va l cht cch in ng thi sinh kh dp tt h quang.
b) My ct t du
Lng du t ch sinh kh dp tt h quang cn cch
in l cht rn.
c) My ct khng kh
Dng kh nn dp tt h quang.
d) My ct t sinh kh
Dng vt liu cch in c kh nng t sinh kh di tc dng ca nhit
cao ca h quang. Kh t sinh ra c p sut cao dp tt h quang.
e) My ct in t
H quang c dp trong khe hp lm bng vt liu rn chu c h quang,
lc in t y h quang vo khe.
f) My ct chn khng
H quang c dp trong mi trng chn khng
g) My ct SF
6
Dng kh SF
6
dp dp h quang.
2.5.3. Cc thng s chnh ca my ct
+ U
m

l in p dy ln nht m my ct c th lm vic bnh thng tin
cy trong thi gian di.
+ I
m

l dng chy lu di qua my ct m khng lm qu nhit v khng
41
gy h hng, (lin quan kch thc cc chi tit trong my ct).
+ I
m

l dng n nh ng nh mc.
+ I
nhm

l dng n nh nhit tng ng thi gian n nh nh mc t
nh

.
+ I
cm

l dng ct nh mc chnh l dng ngn mch ba pha hiu dng ton
phn ln nht my ngt c th ct c m khng gy h hi g cho my ct.
I
cm

xc nh t thc nghim.
Cng sut ct nh mc: S
cm

= 3 U
m

. I
cgh
(2-1)

+ I
cgh
: dng ct ln nht cho php khi U < U
m
.
+ t
t
: khong thi gian tnh t khi c tn hiu ngt n thi im h quang b
dp tt trn c ba pha.
- Tc ng nhanh t
t
= (0,02 0,06)s.
- Tc ng trung bnh t
t

= (0,15 0,1)s.

- Tc ng chm t
t

= (0,15 0,25)s.
Ngoi ra yu cu my ct c kh nng ng mch ngay c khi ang c dng
ngn mch m cc u tip xc khng h hi g.
2.5.4. My ct khng kh h th (ACB)
2.5.4.1. Nhng tnh nng chnh:










Hnh 2.14. My ct khng kh h th( ACB ) do hng Schneider sn xut.
42
Di dng ct ln n 6300A t 65-130kA ti 500V AC vi tm iu chnh
rng.
Chc nng c bn: Cch ly, bo v qu ti v ngn mch.
C 2 loi: Kiu lp c nh - FIX, Kiu ko ra DRAWOUT.
Ph hp cho mi ng dng.
Np bng tay (Cu hnh c bn):
Cun l xo NG/CT c np nng lng bng cn gt tay. My ct
c NG khi nt ON c nhn v CT khi nt OFF c nhn.
Np t ng (Cu hnh t ng):
Cun l xo NG/CT c np nng lng bng motor np. My ct
c NG khi nt ON c nhn v CT khi nt OFF c nhn, hoc
iu khin qua PLC.
Size I (Icu=Ics: 65KA): AE630-SW, AE1000-SW, AE1250-SW,
AE1600-SW, AE2000-SWA.
Size II (Icu=Ics: 85KA): AE2000-SW, AE2500-SW, AE3200-
SW, AE4000-SWA.
Size III (Icu=Ics: 130KA): AE4000-SS, AE5000-SS, AE6300-SS.
p ng cc tiu chun ton cu nh: IEC 60947-2, EN 60947-2 (CE), JIS
C 8201-2, GB 14048.2 (CCC)
Khi rle in t ETR:
WS1,WS2: bo v ti cng nghip
WM1, WM2: bo v my pht in
2.5.4.2. Cc ph kin lp thm cho ETR:
G1: Bo v chm t
E1: Bo v dng r
AP: Cnh bo sm
N5: Bo v cc trung tnh 50%
EX1: Khi m rng cho ETR
43
VT: Bin p
DP1: Mn hnh o m a nng (lp trn ETR)
DP2: Mn hnh o m a nng (lp trc mt t)
TAL: Cnh bo nhit ca tip im lm vic
BIF-CC, BIF-PR, BIF-MD, BIF-CON, BIF-CL: Cc ph kin
dng cho nhng ng dng ni mng.
2.5.4.3. Cc ph kin lp thm cho ACB:
1. Motor Drive (MD): MD-AD250-W (200~250V AC-DC)
2. Closing Coil (CC): CC-AD250-W ( 100~250V AC-DC)
3. Shunt Trip device (SHT): SHT-AD250-W (100~250V AC-DC), Cn
dng km vi AX.
4. Under Voltage Trip device (UVT): L thit b t ng CT my ct
khi in p ca ngun qua my ct thp hn in p nh mc. B bo v
thp p (UVT) ny bao gm cun tc ng v b iu khin. C 3 loi thi
gian tc ng tr khi thp p: INST, 0,5s v 3.0s.
5. Auxiliary switch (AX): AX(0A,0B), AX(1A,B), Max.AX(5A,5B)
6. Mechanical Interlock (MI): Thit b ny dng phng trnh kh
nng thao tc cng lc 2, 3 my ct. c dng kha lin ng c kh
trong cc ng dng chuyn i ngun in (ATS). Cc ng dng c
nng mc an ton cao hn nu kt hp vi kha lin ng in (bng
cch lin ng cc SHT, CC ca cc my ct vi nhau)
7. Cc ph kin khc:
BC-L: kha nt nhn
CNT: m s ln thao tc
DI: kha lin ng ca
CL: tip im v tr (dng cho drawout)
. COT: cp ngun SHT khi mt ngun


44
CHNG 3
MY CT NG DNG TRONG CC BNG IN PHN
PHI CA CC TRM PHT D PHNG T NG
TON PHN
3.1. T VN
Cc thit b ng ct v bng phn phi c s dng cho vic phn phi
in cc trung tm iu khin ng c chng cha thit b bo v ng ct
bin i iu khin v o lng cc cu trc v t hp kh nhau c dng
cho nhng ng dng v yu cu khc nhau v cng vic thao tc do cng
nhn thc hin cc thit b ng ct v bng phn phi c a vo cc tiu
chun v quy nh trong IRC.
Cc h thng theo modul vi kch thc cng sut tiu chun c
thit lp rng di cho vic lp rp kh c theo cc iu khon ca nh sn xut
v c im thc t, nhng iu khon ny phi c hiu qu c cho d n ban
u v cho c cc thay i m rng sau ny.
Bng in phn phi l ni tp trung nng lng nhn t cc my pht
thng qua cc cu dao chnh ACB (Air Circuit Breaker) phn b n cc
ph ti. Ti c b tr trn ton b cc trm pht nhng chng hoc trc
tip, hoc gin tip u c cung cp t thanh ci bng in chnh thng qua
cc cu dao ph ti CB ( Circuit Breaker ). Trn bng in phn phi v c
bn c mt s thit b v h thng in c thit k tch hp nhm mc
ch to nn mt ni d tr nng lng p ng y cng sut cho ph ti
ton cu vi tin cy cao, hot ng an ton v giao din thn thin vi
ngi s dng. Vi chc nng nh vy, bng in phn phi phi bao gm
mt s thit b: o lng, kim tra, kh c phn phi v bo v, thit b iu
chnh, iu khin, cc nt n, cng tc, mn hnh cm ngBng in phn
45
phi hin nay cng c bc nhy ln v cng ngh, c tha hng cc
tinh hoa k thut cao vi kh nng iu khin, iu chnh, thu thp v s l,
trao i thng tin ln. Bng in phn phi l mt phn khng th thiu c
trong cc trm pht d phng ton phn.
3.2. BNG IN CHNH
3.2.1. Cu trc chung ca bng in chnh
Bng phn phi v bng o lng nh
Cc bng phn phi nh vi kch thc theo DIW VDE 871 c cha
ptmt, cu ch v cc ph kin c dng nh mc ti 63A chng c kch
thc chiu rng
*
chiu cao = 250.150 v phi c cch in hon ton.
Cc phng php lp t c th l: Lp trn mt, lp phng
Cu to: C loi khng c v tho lp hoc khng c ca, c ca tho lp
hoc c v
Cc bng phn phi lp trong tng c k hiu H
T hp thit b ng ct h p.
Thut ng t hp thit b ng ct h p bao trm tt c cc cu hnh c
U
m
xoay chiu n 100V tn s 100Hz hoc 1500V in p mt chiu tr
cc bng phn phi nh chng gm phi hp ca thit b in c v in t c
loi hon ton thit b in t. Da vo mc an ton t hp ny li c phn
chia thnh t hp thit b ng ct kiu in t nghim tng phn nh ch to
c th la chn cch th nghim da vo iu kin sn xut hoc kinh t.
iu kin th nghim cn phi chng t c yu cu sau:
a vo nhit gii hn trn
bn in mi
Cng ngn mch
Ni cn thn gia cc b phn ca thit b ng ct v dy bo v bng quan
st hoc o in tr
Cng ngn mch ca dy bo v
46

















Hinh 3.1. Bng phn phi nh vi dng c o c t bn trong
v.
Khong cch phng in b mt in mi v khong cch cch in
Chc nng c kh
Cp bo v.
Bng in chnh nhn v cu trc c tp hp bi mt s panel ring r
(hnh 3.1). Mi mt panel c tnh nng v yu cu s dng ring, cng chnh
v l do ny m v cu to cng nh hnh thc chng c c im cch bit.
Tuy nhin, trong thit k tng th, ngi ta bao gi cng thc hin to dng
vi trnh m thut cng nghip nht nh c c mt sn phm cng
47
nghip va hin i, va hon m v hnh thc. Vi mt bng in chnh
thng thng bao gi cng c tch hp bi cc panel c bn sau.

3.2.1.1.Cc panel dng cho cc my pht- Generator Panel
S lng panel c quyt nh bi s lng cc my pht c trong trm,
nu trm c hai my pht th cng s c hai panel, nu trm c ba my th
cng phi c ba panelcc panel ny c tch hp bi:
Thit b o lng: bao gm cc ng h o in p Voltmeter, o dng
in Ammeter, o tn s FM Frequency meter, o cng sut phn
khng KVA ( nu c), o h s cng sut Power Factor(cos) (nu c);
Thit b ng ct: cu dao chnh Air Circuit Breaker (ACB);
Cc thit b bo v: Rowle cng sut ngc, Reverse Power Relay
(RPR), Rle qu ti Ovr Current Relay (OCR);
Cc cng tc chuyn mch v iu khin: Cng tc dng cho o in
p cc pha ca my pht v ca li in (Bus); Cng tc chuyn mch
o dng in cc pha ca my pht I
R
, I
S
, I
T
; cc nt n dng khi
ng hoc dng t xa cc ng c diesel lai my pht; Chit p iu
chnh in p khng ti cho my pht (nu c);
Cc n bo hiu: my pht hot ng ( running), ACB ang m, ACB ng.




48























H

n
h

3
.
2
.

M
S
B

v

i

c

c

p
a
n
e
l

v

n
g

s

t

d

y
.


49
3.2.1.2. Panel ng b - Synchronizing Panel
Mi bng in chnh thng ch c mt panel ha ng b, panel ny c
chc nng thc hin vic ha ng b cc my pht vi nhau. Ha ng b
cc my pht c th thc hin bng tay hay t ng th vn cn phi c cc
thit b phc v cho cng vic ny. Hin nay, trong mt s trm pht gim
kch thc cho bng in chnh ngi ta c th thit k panel ha ng b
ghp chung vo cc panel cc my pht, tuy nhin nh vy vic thao tc v
theo di s gp kh khn hn rt nhiu c bit l vi nhng ngi vn hnh
khng quen, mi vo ngh hoc l t trnh k thut. Panel ha ng b
c tch hp mt s thit b sau:
Thit b o lng: bao gm cc ng b o cng sut tc dng ca cc
my Wattmeter (trm c bao nhiu my th by nhiu ng h o cng
sut trn panel ny)
Cc cng tc chuyn mch v iu khin: cng tc dng cho vic ha
ng b SYS Synchroscope Switch; cng tc la chn ca tng my
pht CS Control Switch; cc cng tc iu chnh ng c tr ng
iu tc diesel lai my pht GS- Governor Motor Control Switch;
Cc thit b ch bo: ng h ha ng b SY- Synchrocope dng
hin th qu trnh ng b gia cc my hoc gia mt my pht vi
li khi thc hin ha ng b bng tay hoc t ng. Vic a ng
h ha ng b vo hot ng c la chn bng tay, y l loi thit
b lm vic ngn hn nn sau khi thc hin ha xong cn phi cho thit
b ngh. Hin nay c nhiu loi ng b k nhng ph bin nht vn l
hai loi: ch th bng kim v ch th LED ( Light Emitor Diod), hai loi
ny c cu to hon ton khc nhau; B n ha ng b SYL-
Synchronizing Lamp gm ba n hot ng theo nguyn tc n tt
hoc n quay. Thng b n cng vi ng b k to nn tin cy
cao cho thit b ha, chng i km nhau v b xung cho nhau; cc n
50
bo hiu chnh qun l: Cch in thp, mt ngun iu khin sn sng
khi ng, iu khin t xa
3.2.1.3. Panel tch hp cc khi ng t cho cc ph ti quan trng-
Group Starter Panel
y l cc module cha cc hp khi ng cho cc ph ti quan trng ly
in trc tip t bng in chnh. Ty tng tu vi cc ph ti nhiu hay t m
s lng cc khi ng t t trn cc panel ny s c phn chia theo
nhm. V d i vi mt con tu trng ti 15.000 T trn bng in chnh s c
hai panel dnh cho cc ph ti ny, trong mi panel c gi l mt nhm,
nhm khi dng s 1 ( No 1 group starter) bao gm:
Bm nc bin lm mt my chnh s 1 ( No 1 Cool S W Pump)
My nn gi khi ng s 1 (No 1 Main Air Comp)
Bm nc ngt lm mt my chnh s 1 (No 1 Cool F. W. Pump)
Bm cp du FO cho my chnh s 1 (M/E FO Supply Pump)
3.2.1.4. Panel cp ngun cho ph ti ng lc-440 V Feeder Panel
y l ni cung cp nng lng cho ph ti hoc cc nhm ph ti ng
lc thng qua cc cu dao ph ti CB. Ty vo tnh cht v tm quan trng
cng nh cng sut ph ti m chng s c cung cp trc tip hoc thng
qua cc bng in ph trung gian. Trn panel ny ch yu b tr cc CB,
ngoi ra c thm mt s thit b o lng nh ng b o in tr cch in
M, cc n ch th cch in ch yu kim tra trong li ng lc.
3.2.1.5. Panel cp ngun cho ph ti sinh hot 220 V (hoc 100 V) Feeder
panel
Nhm ph ti sinh hot c cp ngun ti panel in p thp ring r
ly t h thanh ci ph trn bng in chnh. Ngun cp cho h thanh ci ny
c ly t bin p chiu sng 400/220 V hoc 440/100 V , vi tu thy th
in p chiu sng cng c cung cp bng in p dy ( khc vi li in
dn dng dng in p ba pha) iu ny i hi cc thit b lm vic trong
51
li chiu sng, sinh hot trn tu thy cng c c th ring, c bit l vn
an ton cho thit b, ngi vn hnh v s dng h thng. 220 V Feeder
Panel hoc 100 V Feeder Panel ch yu l cc CB ph ti. y cc CB s
dng ch yu l loi mt pha ( hai cc). Cng nh 440 V hoc 400 V Feeder
Panel cc CB thng c la chn vi phn bo v ngn mch thc hin
bng tc ng do t trng dng ngn mch to nn (dn dng thng la
chn tc ng bo v ca cc CB trn nguyn l pht nhit) v vy kh nng
phn ng vi dng ngn mch nhanh v chnh xc hn. Tt nhin la chn
no th ph tn y vi loi CB ny gi thnh ln hn rt nhiu. Trn panel ny
cng trang b cc n bo cch in cho li sinh hot, ng h o in tr
cch in, cc ng h Voltmeter v Ammeter o in p v dng in cho
li sinh hot.
3.2.2. Cc thit b c tch hp trn bng in chnh
Bng in chnh nhn t kt cu c m t nh vy. Tuy nhin, cu to
chi tit cc phn t th bng in chnh c th c nhn nhn l h thng tnh
c tch hp cc thit b v l thuyt l tnh song thc cht cc qu trnh vt
l trong n th khng h tnh ti, ngc li n rt ng.
3.2.2.1. Thanh ci
T s khai, bng in chnh l ni tp trung nng lng in nn thanh
ci l mt trong nhng thit b c mt u tin. Kt cu, hnh dng, cht liu
lm nn thanh ci cng tri qua rt nhiu thay i v n nay nhng tiu
ch v thanh ci cng khng phi l thng nht ton b gia cc nh ch to.
Tuy vy, c mt s tnh nng k thut th bt c nh sn xut no cng
u hng ti l: Kh nng dn in tt, c bn c hc, d gia cng
ch to, tui th cao, gi thnh h. Chnh t nhng yu cu ny m thanh ci
lun c ch to bng ng nguyn cht. Tuy nhin, hm lng tp cht c
trong ng nguyn cht th mi nh ch to mt khc v cng l ch tiu
cnh tranh trn th trng m con ngi s dng cn lu v d th no th
52

hm lng ng nguyn cht ti thiu cng phi t c khng di 97%.
Khi trm pht cn dng cc my in mt chiu cung cp dng mt chiu cho
cc ph ti th thanh ci c hai, nhng khi trm pht l cc my pht in
ng b th thanh ci ph bin bao gm ba thanh, c mt vi trm c th th
thanh ci gm bn thanh. Nh vy, v s lng th trm dng dng xoay
chiu tng thanh ci thm ch gp i. Hnh dng v kch thc ca thanh
ci cng rt a dng. Kch thc thanh ci hon ton ph thuc vo cng sut
ca trm, cn hnh dng dng th c nhiu la chn mi nh thit k. Hin
nay, hnh dng thanh ci vn ph bin dng mt ct ch nht, t l gia chiu
di v chiu rng ca mt ct cng c ty chn. Chnh iu ny lm nn
tnh a dng, tuy nhin ti u nht ngi ta vn chn mt chiu gp t 5-10
ln chiu kia c ngha rng tit din thanh ci thng l ch nht vi chiu
di ln gp 5-10 ln chiu rng. C nhiu trm pht thanh ci c thit k
kp, mt pha c th dng hai thanh ci chy song song v st nhau, tt nhin
l tng tit din ca thanh ci kp cng ch bng tit din trong trng hp
thanh n ( cng dung lng). Hnh 3.2 trnh by tit din ca thanh ci bng
in chnh lp t trn tu Vnh Thun, Vnh An, Vnh Hng vi dng tnh
ton 1060A.
6





75

Hnh 3.3. Kch thc thanh ci chnh trn bng in vi dng tnh ton
1060A.
53
Thanh ci trong bng in chnh cng c phn ra thanh ci chnh v
thanh ci ph. Kch thc cc on thanh ci ph thng nh hn thanh ci
chnh. Thanh ci ph thng l cc on phn nhnh trong h thng thanh ci
hoc thanh ci cho panel phc v sinh hot. Thanh ci c lp trong bng
in nh cc gi , vic tnh ton khong cch cc gi trn c s tnh
ton ngn mch tm ra lc in ng v tn s dao ng c hc. Ngi ta
c th tin hnh trit tiu dao ng c hc bng vic thay i khong cch cc
gi cho thanh ci. Gi thanh ci thng lm bng vt liu cch in c
nh hnh vi kh nng cch in tuyt i v bn c hc cao. Gi
thanh ci cng a dng v hnh dng v kch thc, hnh dng kch thc ca
gi cn ph thuc vo ngi thit k lu chn t thanh ci ng hay
nm.
Thanh ci trn bng in chnh c th c phn on hoc khng phn
on ty vo yu cu thc t ca trm pht. Thng thng nht ngi ta vn
thit k thanh ci c phn on khi trm c t hai my pht tr nn, lm
nh vy trong qu trnh khai thc khi cn sa cha cc thit b thuc phn
on no th ct phn on ra, khng lm nh hng n vic cp ngun
cho cc ph ti quan trng theo yu cu cp in ca cc h tiu th u tin,
loi mt. Cu dao phn on l loi cu dao khng thc hin ng m khi c
dng, v vy tip kim v kinh t ngi ta c th la chn loi cu dao
phn on ging vi cc cu dao cch ly, khng phi c cc tip im h
quang, tip im ph v thit b dp h quang. Trong nhng trng hp c
bit cc tu chuyn dng hoc qun s c yu cu cch ly thanh ci trong
trng thi c dng th ngi ta phi la chn cu dao phn on nh cc my
ct.



54







Hnh 3.4. Cu dao phn on trn thanh ci.
Mu sc ca thanh ci cng c thc hin theo nhng cch khc nhau,
ngi ta c th dng sn mu phn bit cc thanh ci. Vi thanh ci trm
mt chiu thng ngi ta dng hai mu tiu biu: mu cho thanh ci cc
tnh dng, mu en cho thanh ci cc tnh m. Vi trm xoay chiu dng ba
thanh ci th cc pha thanh ci c sn cc mu cho pha R ( Vit Nam
thng gi l pha A), xanh cho pha S (B), vng cho pha T (C). Vi bng in
dng bn thanh ci th thanh ci trung tnh (Neutral) c th c sn thm
mu xm. Sn dng cho thanh ci l loi c kh nng dn nhit tt gip
cho vn truyn nhit ra mi trng xung quanh thun li. Nu dng loi
sn thng thng th ngi ta ch sn tng on mt cch nhau m khng sn
ton b. Mt s bng in ngi ta dng bng dnh cch in mu qun
ln phn bit cc pha nhng vi cch ny th bng dnh ch qun cch qung
to iu kin ta nhit trong qu trnh lm vic.
Vic ghp ni cc thanh ci cng c thc hin ht sc cn thn. Tip
xc l tip mt, dng tip xc c nh nn b mt tip xc bao gi cng c
gia cng chnh xc. ai c ghp ni dng bng ng vi loi ng hp
kim c bn c hc cao, c kh nng chu ko v nn. Cc long en ca ai
c ng vai tr ht sc quan trng, n thng c lm bng ng to
kh nng tip xc cho b mt tip gip. Ngi Nht vi tim lc kinh t cao,
55
ngi ta vn s dng cc ai c bng st ghp ni cc thanh ci nhng
long en th hon ton dng bng ng.









Hnh 3.5. Cu dao chnh
3.2.2.2. Thit b ng ct
Thit b ng ct trn bng in chnh tu thy phn ln l loi thit b
in p thp, ph bin in p s dng khng vt qu 1000V, xut pht t
vn an ton nn ch nhng tu c bit hoc tu qun s ngi ta mi s
dng in p trung p. V chng loi, thit b ng ct dng trn tu thy
cng s dng ht sc hn ch: Cu dao chnh ACB, cc cu dao ph ti CB,
cu dao cch ly, cu dao phn on v mt s thit b ng ct cng sut rt
nh.
Cu dao chnh (Air Circuit Breaker-ACB)
Cu dao chnh khc vi cc cu dao ph ti do yu cu v c tnh nng k
thut, tin cy, tnh an ton v kh nng lm vic v vy tm quan trng
ca ACB l rt cao. Chnh v l do ny m trong thit k tnh ton cng nh
khi la chn thit b bao gi ngi ta cng rt ch n thit b trng yu
ny. Hnh 3.4 gii thiu mt ACB ca hng Terasaki loi AME4B v hnh 3.5
gii thiu cu to bn trong ca loi ACB ny. AME4B l thit b c th ng
56
ct bng tay v bng ng c, dng in nh mc I
m
= 400A, kh nng ct
ti 16 KA.











Hnh 3.6. Cu to bn trong ca ACB loi AME4B.
Trc ht v dung lng ACB bao gi cng c la chn dng nh
mc ca thit b lun ln hn dng nh mc tnh ton vi h s k=1.1-1.75
trong di dng in c kh nng la chn bo v phi rng, tuyn tnh.
Dung lng dng ct ca ACB cng ln hn dng nh mc cng tt. Thng
thng dung lng dng ct c th gp 10 n 50 ln dng nh mc. V d
dng nh mc ca mt my pht tnh ton l 385 A, la chn ACB loi
AME6B c dng nh mc l 630A kh nng ct ca cu dao ny c th t
6160 A. Vi gi tr dng ct ny, sau tc ng bo v ACB vn hot ng tr
li bnh thng khng b bt c mt li k thut no.
Mi c tnh k thut ca ACB l c tnh ampe-giy (A-s) c sai s nh
hn cc CB thng thng, iu ny ni n tnh chnh xc ca ACB trong
hot ng tc ng bo v hay ni cch khc l cng ngh ch to i hi cao
hn, gi thnh t hn.
57
Mt c tnh k thut na cng phi k n l kh nng tch hp cc
tnh nng trong mt ACB cao hn rt nhiu. Mt ACB phi bo v c ngn
mch vi cc nc tc ng: Long Time Delay, Short Time Delay, Instant
Trip; bo v qu ti vi cc kh nng ct u tin nhiu nc, vi vic ct qu
ti nhiu thit k trong trm pht cng phn vng tc ng cho bn thn ACB,
cho r le qu ti Over Current Relay (OCR), ct my pht; Bo v thp p vi
thit b UVC- Under Voltage Coil; Bo v cao p Over Voltage Coil- OVC;
Bo v cng sut ngc vi Reverse Power Relay (RPR)


Hnh 3.7. c tnh A-S ca ACB vi cc mc dng tc ng I
1,
I
2,
I
3.

Hin nay cng ngh thng tin pht truyn, ACB thng c thit k mt
my tnh nh tch hp trong n thc hin thm mt s chc nng ngoi
mt s chc nng kinh in: Tham gia iu khin ng, ct cho chnh ACB.
o lng cc i lng v hin th o lng cc i lng v hin th o
lng. Ci t mt s i lng v thng s cho gim st v iu khin gim
st. Ghp ni vi cc h thng lin quan thng qua mng truyn thng cng
nghip v gi cng nh nhn cc lnh iu khin t xa qua cc ng truyn
ni b.
58
c tnh A-S ca ACB c trnh by trn hnh 3.6, y l ng xy
dng theo l thuyt vi Long Time- Delay Trip Pick-Up Current I
1
, Short
Time Delay Trip Pick - Up Current I
2
v Instantaneous Trip Pick - Up
Current I
3
.





Hnh 3.8. c tnh A-S ca ACB vi cc mc dng tc ng I
1,

I
2,
I
3.
Cc ng cong ny trong cc ACB thc t bao gi cng c mt gii dung sai
dao ng trong khong t 5 25%, y l cc sai s cho php v vi dng I
1

th vic t dng vi dung sai cho php ( Pick- Up Current Setting Tolerance
%) l 7,5 %, vi I
2
th dng t vi dung sai 15 % v vi I
3
th dung sai l
20 %. Vi tng ACB c th chn cch tnh gi tr dng I
1
( Pick- Up
Current Setting- LTD) theo mt trong 5 cch sau y:
I
1
= I
m
(0.8-1.0-1.15-1.125) (3 - 1)
Gi tr dng I
2
(STD) c tnh nh sau:
I
2
= I
m
(2.0-2.5-3.0-3.5-4.0) ( 3- 2)
59

Gi tr dng I
3
(INST) c tnh nh sau:
I
3
= I
m
(4,7,12,15) (3 - 3)
3.2.3. Vn iu chnh, iu khin trn bng in chnh
Hin nay mc t ng ha bung my trong c t ng ha cc
qu trnh cho i tng l h D-G trm pht cng ngy cng tr ln hin i
hn. Vic tch hp cc phn iu khin cho i tng ny c th thc hin
c v c ci t trn bng in chnh, nh vy trn cc panel my pht
thng c thm cc chc nng iu khin. Vic iu khin cc diesel t bng
in chnh cng phi c thit k trn c s cc thit b phn cng ca cc
nh ch to cc t hp ny.
3.2.3.1. iu khin cc t hp diesel generator
Hin nay, cc thao tc khi ng cc diesel lai my pht u c thit
k c th thc hin iu khin ti ch hoc iu khin t xa. Trong vic thc
hin cc iu khin ny cng lun c hai ty chn: thao tc bng tay v thao
tc t ng. Vic iu khin bng tay thng n gin thng qua cc cng tc
hoc nt n, cc thao tc phi thc hin tun t m trong ngi vn hnh
phi nm c th t thc hin. Khi s dng phng thc hot ng t ng
th trong thit b c thit k cha ng mt chng trnh iu khin
thay con ngi.
Hnh 3.8 trnh by lu khi ng cho diesel lai my pht v chng
trnh a hai my vo hot ng song song.
Hnh 3.9 l lu thut gii iu khin qu trnh tch hai my khi ng
b v thut gii dng my. Vn phn phi ti tc dng trong trm pht in
hin nay thng c thit k hot ng t ng, trong kh nng phn
chia ti cho cc my pht c tnh ton theo nhiu phng n khc nhau.
Vi nhng trm pht thng thng, trong tnh chn ngi ta thng la chn
hai my lm vic song song v c cng cng sut, iu ny cng to iu kin
60
thun li cho vic iu khin t ng phn chia ti tc dng . V thit b, hin
nay cc hng cng c nhiu gii php k thut thc hin mc ch ny.
Cc h thng c thit k t cc thp nin cui th k hai mi thng thc
hin bng cng tc t, rle hoc s dng cc mch in t c np rp t
cc linh kin ri rc.























61



Hnh 3.9. Thut gii khi ng D-G v ha song song cc my pht

62


Hnh 3.10. Thut gii tch hai my khi ng b v dng my
63



Hnh 3.11. Cch ly tn hiu dng in tc dng phn phi ti
Hin nay, vic iu chnh cng sut tc dng thng c cc hng thit
k v ch to bng t hp vi mch hoc chip iu khin vi chng trnh ci
t sn trn c s iu khin chung ca PLC vng ngoi. V nguyn tc, cc
thit k u phi xut pht t vic o dng in tc dng ca my pht, c rt
nhiu cch thc hin cho mc ch ny, mt trong nhng cch mang tnh kinh
in l s dng chnh lu nhy pha nh trn hnh 3.11a. T hnh v thy
rng in p:
U
RA
= U
5
U
4
( 3-4 )
Vi s nh hnh 3.11a th in p U
5
v U
4
l in p mt chiu
nhn c sau chnh lu, vic to nn kh nng cm nhn v pha ( tnh cht
ti ) li c thc hin trn chnh lu nhy pha. th vct biu in trn
hnh 3.11b, cc gi tr in p mt chiu nhn c sau chnh lu c th vit
nh sau:
U
5
= U
2
+ U
3
.Cos ( 3-5 )
64
U
4
= U
1
U
3
.Cos ( 3-6 )
Khi thit k la chn bin p TR1 c cc cun dy th cp vi hai na
hon ton ging nhau nn in p U
1
= U
2
v vy:
U
RA
= U
5
U
4
= 2U
3
.cos = k
1
.I .cos = k
1
I
td


( 3-7 )
Trong : Dng I
td
l dng in tc dng v k
1
l h s bin dng.
Tn hiu sau b chnh lu nhy pha ny c a n thc hin tc
ng n b iu tc ca ng c diesel lm thay i lng nhin liu a
vo ng c v thc hin c vic thay i kh nng nhn ti tc dng cho
my pht. Tt nhin l khi cc t hp D-G lm vic song song vi nhau, vic
t hp ny nhn thm cng sut th t hp khc phi gim bt cng sut i (
phn phi theo t l cng sut ) gi cho tn s trong h khng b thay i
trong qu trnh iu chnh.
3.2.3.2. iu khin qu trnh ngt u tin khi xy ra qu ti
Khi xy ra qu ti trn trm pht, an ton khai thc trm pht, v
nguyn tc h thng phi t ng sa thi tng bc cc h tiu th ra khi
li in. Vic ct cc h tiu th km quan trng ra khi li vi cch thit
k kinh in lun c mc nh trong qu trnh thit k h thng ch khng
phi c tnh ton ti thi im tc thi. Hin nay, cng vic ny c th
hon ton thc hin c theo hm ngu nhin, tuy nhin vn do s kin
khng qu quan trng v cng do yu cu kinh t m ngi ta khng p dng.
Trong thc t cc trm pht c nhng s l khc nhau vi cc mc qu
ti v cc nhm ph ti. Vn iu khin cng ty thuc vo quan im ca
ngi thit k. Vi nhng trm pht c cng sut khng vt qu 1 MW,
thng vic ngt tng nc cc ph ti khng quan trng c thit k do r le
qu ti ( OCR- Over Current Relay) iu khin. c im ca hnh thc
khng ch ny l h thng n gin, hot ng tin cy m gi thnh cng
khng cao, chnh v l do ny m cho n nay phng n dng r le qu ti
vn c p dng. Vi trm c cng sut ln, vic phn vng qun l cho
65
ACB v r le qu ti c p dng, v nh th kh nng ct cc ph ti tr ln
linh hot hn, c bit l hin nay kh nng tch hp cc phn mm iu
khin, gim st trn cc ACB hon ton tin ch vi cc giao din thn thin
hn. Tuy nhin, vi phng n ny h thng tr nn phc tp hn v thc t
vi nhng trm c cng sut nh vy vn phn phi v theo di gim st
ton b cc thit b cng yu cu vi dung lng cao hn.
3.2.3.3. iu khin khi ng tun t lc c in tr li sau khi xy ra
mt in ton trm
Trong qu trnh khai thc trm pht in, hin tng mt in t ngt
ton trm v mt l do ngu nhin no c th xy ra. Vi tnh hung trm
pht d phng hoc trm pht s c phi thc hin nhim v duy tr ngun
nng lng ti thiu cho hot ng thit yu ca trm. S c phi c nhanh
chng khc phc. Khi ngun chnh c cung cp tr li th cc ph ti s
ngay lp tc c khi ng do ang s dng. Vic cc ph ti ng lot
khi ng tr li c bit l cc ng c khng ng b ba pha s lm st p
cc b ti thi im ban u , nu cc ph ti cng sut ln ng lot khi
ng s gy nn tnh trng qu ti v nguy c mt in tr li l rt cao.
trnh hin tng ny ngi ta phi thit k thm cc b timer khng ch thi
gian khi ng cho tng ph ti phn theo mc quan trng nhiu hay t
cho php thc hin khi ng tun t trnh s c khng cn thit xy ra. Cc
b timer ny c np trn tng b khi ng ca cc ph ti lp trn bng
in chnh ( Group Starter Panel ) v c n nh s giy tr cho php khi
ng tr li khi xy ra mt in cho tng ph ti.
3.2.3.4. iu chnh ng c tr ng servo motor
Vic iu chnh ng c tr ng thc hin gi tn s li in theo
gi tr nh mc khi my lm vic c lp cng nh vic phn phi ti tc
dng cho cc my khi chng lm vic song song. Hin nay trn cc trm pht
hin i, cc thao tc ny c thc hin theo hai phng thc bng tay v t
66
ng. Ty chn ny hon ton theo mun ca ngi vn hnh. Thc hin
bng tay thng qua thao tc ca ngi vn hnh tc ng vo Governor
Switch, y l cng tc loi t hon nguyn c lp t trn gen.panel.










Hnh 3.12. Mch iu khin Servo Motor.
Hnh 3.12 trnh by s ca mch iu chnh ny vi GS11 l cng tc
iu chnh bng tay ca my 1 v GS21 l ca my 2. ng c tr ng trong
s ny dng ng c xoay chiu ba pha nn vic o chiu ng c c
thc hin thng qua cc cng tc t hng 115R, 115L, cho my 1 v 215R,
215L, cho my 2. Khi la chn ch t ng th lc tn hiu iu chnh
do b iu khin cng sut PWC thng qua cng 00 v 01 gi n 65RX v
65LX ca b s l tn hiu ICU-GP1 iu khin hai cng tc t 115R,
115L. Tng t nh vy tn hiu t cng 02 v 03 ca PWC gi n 65RX v
65LX ca b x l tn hiu ICU-GP2 iu khin hai cng tc t 215R v
215L.
3.2.3.5. Mch sy cho my pht lc ngng hot ng
Vic gi cho nhit my pht khi ngng hot ng m bo cho
cch in ca my pht khng b gim xung do hi nc xm nhp l mt
vic lm thng xuyn trong qu trnh khai thc my pht ng b trn trm
67
pht. Trong thit k ngi ta cng cho php thc hin thao tc ny bng tay
v t ng, vic t ng cung cp ngun cho b sy thng ly thng qua
tip im ph thng ng ca cu dao chnh ACB, mi khi turn off cu dao
chnh ACB l mch sy c cp ngun t ng nu nh cng tc ngun
ng.
V d hnh 3.13 trnh by s mt mch sy my pht trn tu VinaShin
Sun vi congtactor 188 v 288 cp ngun, mch iu khin cc cun dy ca
hai congtacter ny thng qua cng tc sy SHS11 v SHS21 v hai tip im
thng ng ca r le trung gian 152B v 252B khng ch qua hai tip im
thng m ca ACB1 v ACB2. in p sy s dng li sinh hot.



Hnh 3.13. Mch sy cc my pht
68
3.2.3.6. Mch iu khin ng m ACB
iu khin ng m cho cu dao chnh ACB l mt cng vic quan trng
v n nh hng trc tip n an ton khai thc ca con tu. V ACB c lin
quan n rt nhiu chc nng iu khin v bo v khc nhau nn bn thn n
cng lc l phn t thc hin ca nhiu h thng. Chnh v l do ny nn
ACB lun c la chn cn thn v cc yu cu v quy phm k thut cng
kht khe. Do c tnh ca ACB nh vy nn trn n c tch hp kh nhiu
cc chi tit, thnh phn cc thit b t c kh chnh xc n cc linh kin in
t hin i v hin nay vi cc ACB c dung lng ct ln th ngi ta thit
lp c mt my tnh mini iu khin cho qu trnh ng, ct, o c, kim
tra, bo v v thc hin rt nhiu chc nng khc na. iu khin cho ACB
c th thc hin bng tay n thun nhng ng thi cng thc hin t ng
trn c s cc chc nng c sn hnh 3.2. gii thiu mt mch iu khin cho
ACB lp t trn tu Vinasin Sky trong trn ACB c tch hp mt s
cun thc hin: UVC, OPEN, CLOSE, RESET. Mch ngoi vi phc v cho
iu khin bao gm cc thit b : cng tc ng (m) bng tay CS21, cng tc
la chn ha SYS, mch tch hp ICU- GP2, cc r le trung gian 252A,
252B, 252CX, 252TX, r le thi gian 284T ( cc s 2 y l ch s ch cho
my s 2 nu l my 1 th cc s 2 ny c thay bng s 1 th cc s 2 ny
c thay bng s 1), tip im r le in p li 27B1, tip im r le iu
kin 225X1, tip im r le kha chuyn 91Z, tip im r le kha chuyn
ca ngun in b SCX, tip im b ha t ng ASD
Trc tin, ACB c th hot ng c th ngun iu khin phi
c cp in AC110V t mch 24V. Khi c ngun, ngay lp tc r le 284T
c in, r le thi gian ny c t thi gian tr l 1 S ( trong trm nu c
hai my pht th lm vic t thi gian cho 184T ca my s 1 v 284T ca
my s 2 phi khc nhau, lc r le no c thi gian tr ngn hn th s
dnh quyn thc hin vic ng in ln li trc trong trng hp trn li
69
khng c in), sau qung thi gian ny tip im thi gian 284T (1-3) s b
ng li. Nu nh trn li cha c in (m cng tc iu khin CS21 ang
t v tr OPEN ) th lc r le 27B1 s ng tip im thng ng
27B1(71-72) v 252CX c in cung cp cho cun ng CLOSE v ACB s
hot ng ng ngun ln li ngay cn nu m cng tc CS21 ang trng
thi CLOSE th khng cn phi ch 284T hot ng, cun CLOSE cng
c cp in thng qua tip im CS21 (2-4) qua 27B1 (31-32). Nu iu
gi thit trn m khng c th ACB s ph thuc vo hai mch iu khin: th
nht, mch nhn t ng ASD (015-016) vi 225X1 (8-12) v th hai mch
nhn ca hi v tr tay iu khin CS21 (2-4) vi SYS (21-23) thao tc ny s
ph thuc vo ty chn.










Hnh 3.14. Mch iu khin ACB (AME TYPE).
Thc hin m ACB cng c hai phng thc: hoc iu khin bng tay
CS21 t trng thi OPEN v CS21 (5-7) thng mch cp in cho cun
252TX hot ng tc ng vo cun OPEN trong ACB hoc mch th hai
thao tc thng qua hai tn hiu ni tip 291X1 (8-12) vi 91Z (6-10).
Cun UVC c cp in thc hin gi khi ACB2(a2-c2) ng.
70

Hnh 3.15. Mch iu khin ACB (Schneider).
Vi loi ACB ny mch iu khin c thit k kh n gin: MHC l
cun dy ca ng c cp ct, XF l cun ng ca ACB, MN cun in p
(UVC), S041-2 l cng tc ng ACB bng tay, S042-2 cng tc nh bng tay
ACB, S-K061 l tip im contactor in b, K011 v K012 l tip im ca
contactor li in, RPR l tip im ca r le cng sut ngc. Thc hin
ng m ACB c th bng tay, t ng tip im K081 l tip im ca ng
h ha, gip cho ngi vn hnh ho my thp phng thc bn t ng tc
l con ngi tham gia vo qu trnh iu chnh cc i lng: in p v tn
s cn vic chn thi im ha l do thit b thc hin t ng b h
synchroscope. Vic ha t ng thng qua b auto.synchroscope mang tn
T45-2, khi s dng thit b ny th vic ha t ng hon ton do my thc
hin khng cn con ngi tham gia bt c vic g.




71

3.2.4. Phng php tnh chn my ct
Tiu ch la chn my ct ca my pht ngoi in p nh mc, tiu ch
quan trng nht l dng in v dng ct nh mc. ABB cung cp vi kiu
my ct cho my pht c th c s dng tu vo cng sut ca my pht.









Hnh 3.16. Bng la chn my ct cho my pht.
Mt mt l cc my ct SF6 kiu HECS v HCE 7/8 (c v) v kiu HGI
v HECT (khng v), mt khc l my ct chn khng kiu VD4G
in p nh mc (IEC)
VD4G 17,5 kV
HGI 17,621 kV
HECI 25 kV
HECS 23/25 kV
HEC 7/8 30 kV
3.2.5. Cc ch khi thit k, lp rp, s dng my ct.
3.2.5.1. Cc h hng thng gp, kim tra v s l
Khi khng ct my ct c trc ca vn hnh nhanh chng kim tra tn
hiu t trang Alarm trn mn hnh my tnh, n tn hiu trn thit b RTK ti
72
cc t iu khin v bo v phn 500kV. T tn hiu ny trc ca phn on
nguyn nhn v khoanh vng kim tra.
a) khng ct c ti ch ( c hai mch ct 1 v 2)
Cc h hng

Cch kim tra v khc phc

My ct ang
v tr ct

- Kim tra trng thi my ct.
- Nu my ct ang trng thi ng th kim tra tip im
trng thi my ct
S1(1-2, 3-4) 3 pha mch ct 1 b h mch khng.
S01(9-10, 11-12) 3 pha mch ct 2 b h mch khng
Kh SF6 khng


-Kim tra ch th p lc kh SF6 trn ng h ti my ct.
- Nu p lc kh SF6 < 7,1 Bar th bo lnh o trm v cng
ty bit x l.
- Nu p lc SF6 ( > 7,1 Bar - p lc SF6 kha mch thao
tc) th kim tra r le K16, K6 ti t QF01 c lm vic khng.
- Nu cc r le trn khng lm vic th kim tra tip im
K16(3-
11), K6(3-11) t QF01 c b chp khng

p lc du thy
lc khng

- Kim tra ch th p lc du thy lc trn ng h ti my
ct.
- Nu p lc du thy lc < 21,5 Mpa th bo lnh o trm
v cng ty bit x l.
- Nu p lc du thy lc ( > 21,5 Mpa - p lc du thy
lc kha mch ct my ct ) th kim tra r le K5, K15 ti t
QF01 c lm vic khng.
- Nu r le trn khng lm vic th kim tra tip im K5(3-
11), K15(3-11) t QF01 c b chp khng.
73
Mt ngun iu
khin mch ct

Mch ct 1:
- Kim tra ptmt cp ngun cho mch ct 1 l Q805 t
B03.AA2.
- Nu Q805 ng m vn khng c in p trong mch ct
th c th ptmt h hng v phi kim tra in p ngay ti
chn ptmt Q805
- Nu ti chn ptmt c in p th kim tra (+) ngun ti
chn 13 ca kha ct ti ch S4. Kim tra (-) ngun ti chn
14 ca kha ng ti ch S4.
- Nu ti kha S4 khng c in p th kim tra tt c cc
chn hng kp ngc v pha ngun Q805.
Mch ct 2:
- Kim tra ptmt cp ngun cho mch ct 2 l Q808 t
B03.AA2.
- Nu Q808 ng m vn khng c in p trong mch ct
th c th ptmt h hng v phi kim tra in p ngay ti
chn ptmt Q808
- Nu ti chn ptmt c in p th kim tra (+) ngun ti
chn 23 ca kha ct ti ch S4. Kim tra (-) ngun ti chn
24 ca kha ng ti ch S4.
- Nu ti kha S4 khng c in p th kim tra tt c cc
chn hng kp ngc v pha ngun Q808
Lnh ct ti ch
khng c tc
dng.

- Kim tra li nt n ct my ct S4 ti t my ct b h hng
hoc do tip im nt n S4(13-14) v S4(23-24) khng khp
mch trong qu trnh n nt.

H hng r le ra
lnh ct
- Kim tra cun dy ca r le ra lnh ct c b chy khng K4
i mch ct 1, K14 i mch ct 2. Nu chy bo lnh o
74
trm, cng ty bit x l.
- Kim tra trng thi tip im ph r le ra lnh ct K4(3-
11);(4-12);(5-13) khi r le tc ng c 3 pha i mch ct 1.
- Kim tra trng thi tip im ph r le ra lnh ct K14(3-
11);(4-12);(5-13) khi r le tc ng c 3 pha i mch ct 2.
- Nu r le chy, h hng bo lnh o trm, cng ty bit x
l.
Cun ct b t.

- Kim tra cun ct Y2, Y3 tng pha.
- o thng mch cun ct Y2, Y3 tng pha.
- o in tr 1chiu cun ct. Nu cun dy b t (R= )
hoc cun dy b chp (R=0) th bo lnh o trm v cng ty
bit x l.

b) Khng ct c t kha iu khin Emergency
(i vi mch ct 1)
Cc h hng

Cch kim tra v khc phc

My ct
ang v tr
ct

- Kim tra trng thi my ct.
- Nu my ct ang trng thi ng th kim tra tip im trng
thi my ct
S1(1-2, 3-4) 3 pha mch ct 1 b h mch khng.
Kh SF6
khng

- Kim tra ch th p lc kh SF6 trn ng h ti my ct.
- Nu p lc kh SF6 < 7,1 Bar th bo lnh o trm v cng ty
bit x l.
- Nu p lc SF6 ( > 7,1 Bar - p lc SF6 kha mch thao tc)
th kim tra r le K16, K6 ti t QF01 c lm vic khng.
- Nu cc r le trn khng lm vic th kim tra tip im K6(3-
11) t QF01 c b chp khng.
75
p lc du
thy lc
khng

- Kim tra ch th p lc du thy lc trn ng h ti my ct.
- Nu p lc du thy lc < 21,5 Mpa th bo lnh o trm v
cng ty bit x l.
- Nu p lc du thy lc ( > 21,5 Mpa - p lc du thy lc
kha mch ct my ct ) th kim tra r le K5 ti t QF01 c lm
vic khng.
- Nu r le trn khng lm vic th kim tra tip im K5(3-11) t
QF01 c b chp khng.
Kha L/R ti
t my ct
t sai ch
.

- Kim tra v t li kha L/R ch Remote.
- Nu kha L/R t ng ch Remote m vn khng thao
tc c th kim tra tip im kha L/R S10(5-6) b h mch
khng
Kha E/M
ti t iu
khin t sai
ch .

- Kim tra v t li kha E/M ch Emergency.
- Nu kha E/M t ng ch Emergency m vn khng
thao tc c th kim tra tip im kha E/M S6400(5-6) b h
mch khng.
Mt ngun
iu khin
mch ct.
Mch ct 1:
- Kim tra ptmt cp ngun cho mch ct 1 l Q805 t
B03.AA2.
- Nu Q805 ng m vn khng c in p trong mch ct th
c th ptmt h hng v phi kim tra in p ngay ti chn
ptmt Q805
- Nu ti chn ptmt c in p th kim tra (+) ngun ti chn
13 ca kha ct ti ch S4. Kim tra (-) ngun ti chn 14 ca
kha ng ti ch S4.
- Nu ti kha S4 khng c in p th kim tra tt c cc chn
76
hng kp ngc v pha ngun Q805.

Lnh ct t
kha iu
khin khng
c tc dng.

- Kim tra li kha iu khin S2301 ti t iu khin c b h
hng khng hoc do tip im nt n S2301(01-1) khng khp
mch trong qu trnh n nt.
H hng r
le ra lnh ct

- Kim tra cun dy ca r le ra lnh ct c b chy khng K4 i
mch ct 1. Nu chy bo lnh o trm, cng ty bit x l.
- Kim tra trng thi tip im ph r le ra lnh ct K4(3-11);(4-
12);(5-13) khi r le tc ng c 3 pha i mch ct 1.
- Nu r le chy, h hng bo lnh o trm, cng ty bit x l.
Cun ct b
t.

- Kim tra cun ct Y2, Y3 tng pha.
- o thng mch cun ct Y2, Y3 tng pha.
- o in tr 1chiu cun ct. Nu cun dy b t (R= ) hoc
cun dy b chp (R=0) th bo lnh o trm v cng ty bit
x l.

c) Khng ct c t my tnh C264-M.
Cc h hng

Cch kim tra v khc phc

My ct
ang v tr
ct

- Kim tra trng thi my ct.
- Nu my ct ang trng thi ng th kim tra tip im trng
thi my ct S1(1-2, 3-4) v S1(9-10, 11-12) 3 pha b h mch
khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a tn
hiu trn vo C264-B c b t khng. Nu cp b t th tm si
d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th module DI1, DI2-
77
U002-MM-C264M t B03.AA2 b h hng phi bo ngay lnh
o trm v cng ty bit x l.
Kh SF6
khng

- Kim tra ch th p lc kh SF6 trn ng h ti my ct.
- Nu p lc kh SF6 < 7,1 Bar th bo lnh o trm v cng ty
bit x l.
- Nu p lc SF6 ( > 7,1 Bar - p lc SF6 kha mch thao tc)
th kim tra r le K16, K6 ti t QF01 c lm vic khng.
- Nu cc r le trn khng lm vic th kim tra tip im K16(3-
11), K6(3-11) t QF01 c b chp khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a tn
hiu trn vo C264-B c b t khng. Nu cp b t th tm si
d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th module DI1, DI2-
U10*-MP-C264M t B03.AA2 b h hng phi bo ngay lnh
o trm v cng ty bit x l.
p lc du
thy lc
khng

- Kim tra ch th p lc du thy lc trn ng h ti my ct.
- Nu p lc du thy lc < 21,5 Mpa th bo lnh o trm v
cng ty bit x l.
- Nu p lc du thy lc ( > 21,5 Mpa - p lc du thy lc
kha mch ct my ct ) th kim tra r le K5, K15 ti t QF01 c
lm vic khng.
- Nu r le trn khng lm vic th kim tra tip im K5(3-11),
K15(3-11) t QF01 c b chp khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a tn
hiu trn vo C264-B c b t khng. Nu cp b t th tm si
d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th phi bo ngay lnh
o trm v cng ty bit x l.
Kha E/M
ti t iu
- Kim tra v t li kha E/M ch Main.
- Nu kha E/M t ng ch m vn khng thao tc c
78
khin t sai
ch .

th kim tra tip im kha E/M: S6400(7-8) b h mch khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a tn
hiu trn vo C264-M c b t khng. Nu cp b t th tm si
d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th phi bo ngay lnh
o trm v cng ty bit x l.

Kha L/R ti
t my ct
t sai ch
.

- Kim tra v t li kha L/R ch Remote.
- Nu kha L/R t ng ch m vn khng thao tc c
th kim tra tip im kha L/R: S10(5-6) b h mch khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a tn
hiu trn vo C264-M c b t khng. Nu cp b t th tm si
d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th phi bo ngay lnh
o trm v cng ty bit x l.
Mt ngun
iu khin
mch ct.

- Kim tra aptomat cp ngun cho mch ct 1 l Q805 t
B03.AA2.
- Nu Q805 ng m vn khng c in p trong mch ct th
c th aptomat h hng v phi kim tra in p ngay ti chn
aptomat Q805.
- Nu ti chn ptmt c in p th phi kim tra tt c chn cc
hng kp trong mch ct t C264-M.
Lnh ct t
C264 khng
c tc dng.

- Kim tra my tnh C264 c lm vic tt khng.
- Kim tra ch lm vic ca C264. Nu ang ch Remote
th phi chuyn v ch Local.
- Kim tra cc tn hiu trn C264 gii tr ht cha.
Cun ct b
t.

- Kim tra cun ct Y2 tng pha.
- o thng mch cun ct Y2 tng pha.
- o in tr 1chiu cun ct. Nu cun dy b t (R= ) hoc
cun dy b chp (R=0) th bo lnh o trm v cng ty bit
79
x l.

d) Khng ct c t my tnh C264-B
Cc h hng

Cch kim tra v khc phc

My ct ang
v tr ct

- Kim tra trng thi my ct.
- Nu my ct ang trng thi ng th kim tra tip im trng
thi my ct S1(1-2, 3-4) v S1(9-10, 11-12) 3 pha b h mch
khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a tn
hiu trn vo C264-B c b t khng. Nu cp b t th tm si
d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th module DI1, DI2-
U002-MM-C264M t B03.AA2 b h hng phi bo ngay lnh
o trm v cng ty bit x l.
Kh SF6
khng

- Kim tra ch th p lc kh SF6 trn ng h ti my ct.
- Nu p lc kh SF6 < 7,1 Bar th bo lnh o trm v cng ty
bit x l.
- Nu p lc SF6 ( > 7,1 Bar - p lc SF6 kha mch thao tc)
th kim tra r le K16, K6 ti t QF01 c lm vic khng.
- Nu cc r le trn khng lm vic th kim tra tip im K16(3-
11), K6(3-11) t QF01 c b chp khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a tn
hiu trn vo C264-B c b t khng. Nu cp b t th tm si
d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th module DI1, DI2-
U10*-MP-C264M t B03.AA2 b h hng phi bo ngay lnh
o trm v cng ty bit x l.
p lc du
thy lc
- Kim tra ch th p lc du thy lc trn ng h ti my ct.
- Nu p lc du thy lc < 21,5 Mpa th bo lnh o trm v
80
khng

cng ty bit x l.
- Nu p lc du thy lc ( > 21,5 Mpa - p lc du thy lc
kha mch ct my ct ) th kim tra r le K5, K15 ti t QF01
c lm vic khng.
- Nu r le trn khng lm vic th kim tra tip im K5(3-11),
K15(3-11) t QF01 c b chp khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a tn
hiu trn vo C264-B c b t khng. Nu cp b t th tm si
d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th phi bo ngay lnh
o trm v cng ty bit x l.
Kha E/M ti
t iu khin
t sai ch
.

- Kim tra v t li kha E/M ch Main.
- Nu kha E/M t ng ch m vn khng thao tc c
th kim tra tip im kha E/M: S6400(7-8) b h mch khng

- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a tn
hiu trn vo C264-M c b t khng. Nu cp b t th tm si
d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th phi bo ngay lnh
o trm v cng ty bit x l.

Kha L/R ti
t my ct t
sai ch .

- Kim tra v t li kha L/R ch Remote.
- Nu kha L/R t ng ch m vn khng thao tc c
th kim tra tip im kha L/R: S10(5-6) b h mch khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a tn
hiu trn vo C264-M c b t khng. Nu cp b t th tm si
d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th phi bo ngay lnh
o trm v cng ty bit x l.
Kha L/R ti
t my ct t
- Kim tra v t li kha L/R ch Remote.
- Nu kha L/R t ng ch m vn khng thao tc c
81
sai ch .

th kim tra tip im kha L/R: S10(5-6) b h mch khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a tn
hiu trn vo C264-M c b t khng. Nu cp b t th tm si
d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th phi bo ngay lnh
o trm v cng ty bit x l.
Mt ngun
iu khin
mch ct.

- Kim tra aptomat cp ngun cho mch ct 1 l Q805 t
B03.AA2.
- Nu Q805 ng m vn khng c in p trong mch ct th
c th aptomat h hng v phi kim tra in p ngay ti chn
aptomat Q805.
- Nu ti chn aptomat c in p th phi kim tra tt c chn
cc hng kp trong mch ct t C264-M.
Lnh ct t
C264 khng
c tc dng.

- Kim tra my tnh C264 c lm vic tt khng.
- Kim tra ch lm vic ca C264. Nu ang ch Remote
th phi chuyn v ch Local.
- Kim tra cc tn hiu trn C264 gii tr ht cha.
Cun ct b
t.

- Kim tra cun ct Y2 tng pha.
- o thng mch cun ct Y2 tng pha.
- o in tr 1chiu cun ct. Nu cun dy b t (R= ) hoc
cun dy b chp (R=0) th bo lnh o trm v cng ty bit
x l.

e) Khng ct c t my tnh HMI

Cc h
hng

Cch kim tra v khc phc

My ct - Kim tra trng thi my ct.
82
ang v
tr ct

- Nu my ct ang trng thi ng th kim tra tip im
trng thi my ct S1(1-2, 3-4) v S1(9-10, 11-12) 3 pha b
h mch khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a
tn hiu trn vo C264-M c b t khng. Nu cp b t th
tm si d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th module
DI1, DI2-U002-BM-C264B t B03.AA2 b h hng phi bo
ngay lnh o trm v cng ty bit x l.
Kh SF6
khng

- Kim tra ch th p lc kh SF6 trn ng h ti my ct.
- Nu p lc kh SF6 < 7,1 Bar th bo lnh o trm v cng ty
bit x l.
- Nu p lc SF6 ( > 7,1 Bar - p lc SF6 kha mch thao
tc) th kim tra r le K16, K6 ti t QF01 c lm vic khng.
- Nu cc r le trn khng lm vic th kim tra tip im
K16(3-11), K6(3-11 thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn
a tn hiu trn vo C264-M c b t khng. Nu cp b t
th tm si d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th module
DI1, DI2-U10*-MP-C264M t B03.AA2 b h hng phi b) t
QF01 c b chp khng.
- Nu vn khng o ngay lnh o trm v cng ty bit x
l.
p lc du
thy lc
khng

- Kim tra ch th p lc du thy lc trn ng h ti my ct.
- Nu p lc du thy lc < 21,5 Mpa th bo lnh o trm v
cng ty bit x l.
- Nu p lc du thy lc ( > 21,5 Mpa - p lc du thy lc
kha mch ct my ct ) th kim tra r le K5, K15 ti t QF01
c lm vic khng.
- Nu r le trn khng lm vic th kim tra tip im K5(3-11),
83
K15(3-11) t QF01 c b chp khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a tn
hiu trn vo C264-M c b t khng. Nu cp b t th tm
si d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th phi bo ngay
lnh o trm v cng ty bit x l.
Kha L/R
ti t my
ct t sai
ch .

- Kim tra v t li kha L/R ch Remote.
- Nu kha L/R t ng ch m vn khng thao tc
c th kim tra tip im kha L/R: S10(5-6) b h mch
khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a
tn hiu trn vo C264-M c b t khng. Nu cp b t th
tm si d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th phi bo
ngay lnh o trm v cng ty bit x l.
Kha E/M
ti t iu
khin t
sai ch

- Kim tra v t li kha E/M ch Main.
- Nu kha E/M t ng ch m vn khng thao tc
c th kim tra tip im kha E/M: S6400(7-8) b h mch
khng.
- Nu vn khng thao tc c th phi kim tra cp dn a
tn hiu trn vo C264-M c b t khng. Nu cp b t th
tm si d phng thay th. Nu cp khng b t th phi bo
ngay lnh o trm v cng ty bit x l.
Mt ngun
iu khin
mch ct.

- Kim tra ptmt cp ngun cho mch ct 1 l Q805 t
B03.AA2.
- Nu Q805 ng m vn khng c in p trong mch ct
th c th ptmt h hng v phi kim tra in p ngay ti
chn ptmt Q805.
- Nu ti chn ptmt c in p th phi kim tra tt c chn
cc hng kp trong mch ct t C264-M.
84

Lnh ct t
my tnh
HMI khng
c tc dng

- Kim tra my tnh HMI nhp Password cha.
- Kim tra my tnh HMI c lm vic tt khng.
- Kim tra ch lm vic ca HMI. Nu ang ch
Dispatching th phi chuyn v ch Substation.
- Kim tra cc tn hiu trn my tinh HMI v C264 gii tr
ht cha.
- Kim tra my tnh C264 c lm vic tt khng.
- Kim tra ch lm vic ca C264. Nu ang ch Local
th phi chuyn v ch Remote.
Cun ct b
t.

- Kim tra cun ct Y2 tng pha.
- o thng mch cun ct Y2 tng pha.
- o in tr 1chiu cun ct. Nu cun dy b t (R= )
hoc cun dy b chp (R=0) th bo lnh o trm v cng ty
bit x l.
3.2.5.2. Kim tra mch iu khin my ct trong vn hnh:
Khi nhn ca v trong thi gian i ca cc nhn vin vn hnh phi nh k
kim tra.
- Kim tra my ct theo quy trnh vn hnh my ct
- Kim tra ch lm vic ca my ct, trng thi my ct
- Kim tra mch iu khin my ct ti cc t trong nh v ngoi tri.
- Kim tra cc r le, cc tn hiu r le.
- Kim tra cc phng in trong, soi pht nhit cc tip xc ca cc thit
b trong t.
3.2.5.3. Yu cu trng nom, bo dng:
- Phi nh k xit li cc hng kp trong cc t r le v t my ct.
- Cc t phi c v sinh sch s, chng chut, cn trng.
- Kp thi x l pht nhit cc tip xc.
85

KT LUN
ti Tm hiu my ct thp p dng ln hng Schneider ng dng
trong bng in chnh cc trm pht d phng khi ng t ng cc ng c
diesel c tc gi thc hin cc kt qu:
- Nghin cu nguyn l chung ca cc my ct thp p
- Nghin cu su v nguyn l cu to, nguyn l hot ng ca cc my
ct thp p dng ln hng Schneider
- Nghin cu cu trc ca bng phn phi in h p ca cc my pht
lm vic cp ngun thng qua my ct h p
- Nhng tnh nng c bit ca my ct h p lm nhim v cu dao
chnh trn bng in cc bo v v phng thc iu khin
My ct thp p v ng dng my ct thp p lm vic vi chc nng cu
dao chnh trn bng in l ti kh phc tp v i hi phi c nghin
cu k lng v nghim tc. Cc ng dng hin nay ca kh c ny rt a
dng v mc thit k iu khin t xa, iu khin t ng kh ph bin.
Nu c hi cn cho php, th y chnh l lnh vc m tc gi cn thc hin
tip.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti ny chng em gp rt nhiu kh khn
do hn ch v kin thc cng nh thi gian thc hin ti nhng nh s
hng dn tn tnh ca thy PGS. TS Nguyn Tin Ban nn em hon
thnh bn n ny. Cui cng em xin chn thnh cm n s gip ca
thy gio, c gio trong khoa in ca trng HDL Hi Phng.
86
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. L Thnh Bc (2001), Gio trnh thit b in, Nh xut bn khoa hc -
k thut
2. Phm Vn Chi, Bi Tn Hu, Nguyn Tin Tn (2002), Kh c in,
Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut
3. GS.TSKH Thn Ngc Hon (2005), My in, Nh xut bn khoa hc -
k thut
4. GS.TSKH Thn Ngc Hon, TS Nguyn Tin Ban (2008), Trm pht
v li in tu thu, Nh xut bn khoa hc - k thut
5. PGS.TS L Vn Doanh dch (2010), Cm nang thit b ng ct ABB,
Nh xut bn khoa hc - k thut
6. Phan Th Thanh Bnh, Phan Quc Dng, Phm Quang Vinh, Phm Th
Thu Vn, Phan k Phc, Nguyn Vn Nh, Dng Lan Hng, Bi
Ngc Th, T Hu Phc, Nguyn B Bn, Nguyn Th Quang, Ng Hi
Thanh dch (2009), Hng dn thit k lp t in theo tiu chun
quc t IEC, Nh xut bn khoa hc - k thut
7. Www.Schneider.com