SPM Instrument AB B o x 4 S -6 4 5 2 1 S tr n g n s S we d e n T e ch n ica l d a ta a re su b je ct to ch a n g e with o u t n o tice .

T e l +4 6 1 5 2 2 2 5 0 0 F ax +4 6 1 5 2 1 5 0 7 5 in fo @ sp m in stru m e n t. se www. sp m in stru m e n t. se I S O 9 0 0 1 ce rtifie d . C o p yrig h t S P M 1 9 9 9 -0 5 . 7 1 2 4 1 . B

Operat ing inst ruct ions for
Mot or Checker EMC-11
Operat ing principle
E M C -1 1 p ro vid e s a fast an d e asy m e an s to d e te ct e le ctrical fau lts
sh o rt circu its, o p e n circu its, d am ag e d in su latio n e tc. in m o to rs
an d o th e r th re e -p h ase m ach in e s.
E M C -1 1 is u se d o n statio n ary m o to rs. The motor has to be iso-
lated from its power supply before testing. T h e re is n o n e e d to
d isco n n e ct th e su p p ly cab le s p ro vid e d th e p o we r is switch e d o ff.
R e ad in g s sh o u ld b e take n o n o r clo se to th e m o to r te rm in als.
T h e b asic te st can b e m ad e o n site , with o u t d isco n n e ctin g th e
p h ase win d in g s. I ts m ain p u rp o se is to fin d a p o ssib le fau lt, n o t to
an alyse its n atu re . O n an y th re e -p h ase m ach in e , e le ctrical fau lts
can b e d e te cte d b y:
1 . m e asu rin g in su latio n re sistan ce to e arth
2 . m e asu rin g an d co m p arin g th e re sistan ce o f th e stato r
win d in g s
3 . m e asu rin g an d co m p arin g th e in d u ctan ce o f th e stato r
win d in g s an d th e e ffe ct o f th e ro to r p o sitio n .
T e st valu e s are n o t re q u ire d . R e sistan ce an d in d u ctan ce re ad in g s
are sim p ly co m p are d with e ach o th e r. T h e y sh o u ld b e e q u al, o r
d iffe re n ce s sh o u ld b e with in acce p tab le to le ran ce lim its. M e asu re -
m e n ts sh o u ld b e m ad e in th e ab o ve o rd e r. T h e se q u e n ce can b e
in te rru p te d as so o n as a fau lt is d e te cte d .
Mot ors in good condit ion
O n a m o to r in g o o d wo rkin g o rd e r, in su latio n re sistan ce sh o u ld
e xce e d 2 M . B alan ce d re ad in g s fo r win d in g re sistan ce will in d i-
cate th at all th e co ils in th e stato r are co m p le te an d th at th e ir
in su latio n is n o t d am ag e d . B alan ce d re ad in g s fo r in d u ctan ce , wh ich
d o n o t ch an g e with ro to r p o sitio n , sh o w th at all th re e stato r
win d in g s are sim ilar an d th at th e ro to r is u n d am ag e d .
Tolerances
T h e re are n o in te rn atio n ally ag re e d stan d ard s fo r acce p tab le an d
u n acce p tab le co n d itio n s in e le ctric m o to rs. T o le ran ce s o n in su la-
tio n , re sistan ce an d in d u ctan ce vary b e twe e n m an u factu re rs an d
e ve n b e twe e n in d ivid u al m o to rs o f th e sam e typ e an d size .
U p to 5 % d iffe re n ce b e twe e n in d u cta n ce a n d re sista n ce re a d -
in g s o n in d ivid u a l p h a se win d in g s a re n o rm a lly a cce p ta b le e ve n
o n sm a lle r m o to rs b e lo w 1 0 k W. D iffe re n ce s o f 1 0 - 1 5 % will
n o rm a lly in d ica te fa u lts e ve n o n la rg e m o to rs a b o ve 1 0 0 k W.
I n su la tio n re sista n ce s b e lo w 1 M a re re g a rd e d a s d a n g e ro u s.
T h e m o to r sh o u ld n o t b e u se d .
Fault condit ions
D u e to th e la ck o f sta n d a rd va lu e s, fa u lt co n d itio n is le ss e a sily
d e fin e d th a n g o o d co n d itio n . A s a ru le , if m o to r p e rfo rm a n ce is
b e lo w n o rm a l lo n g sta rtin g tim e , o ve rlo a d trip p in g , e tc. ) , a d if-
fe re n ce o f a b o u t 1 0 % in th e re sista n ce a n d /o r in d u cta n ce re a d -
in g s will in d ica te a n e le ctric fa u lt in a n y m o to r. S m a lle r d e via -
tio n s, a n d th e re a d in g s ta k e n o n m o to rs o n th e sh e lf h a ve to
b e ju d g e d b y th e u se r with re g a rd to m o to r size , a p p lica tio n a n d
m a n u fa ctu re r s to le ra n ce s.
Note: R e sistan ce an d in d u ctan ce re ad in g s o n m o to rs co n n e cte d in
star o r d e lta will sh o w ap p ro x. h alf th e e ffe ct o f a fau lt in a sin g le
win d in g . T h u s, a sp re ad o f 5 % m e asu re d o n a co n n e cte d m o to r
co rre sp o n d s to a 1 0 % d e viatio n o f an in d ivid u al win d in g .
Fault analysis
I f re q u ire d , th e n atu re o f a sin g le fau lt can b e d e te rm in e d b y
d isco n n e ctin g , m e asu rin g an d co m p arin g in d ivid u al p h ase win d in g s.
Larg e d iffe re n ce s in re sistan ce o n ly in d icate an o p e n circu it in o n e
o f se ve ral p aralle l co ils wh ich m ake u p th e stato r win d in g s, o r h ig h
re sistan ce in a co n tact b e fo re d ism o u n tin g th e m o to r.
T e rm in als fo r
te st le ad s
I n stru m e n t d ial
A d ju stin g scre w
O p e ratin g
b u tto n
F u n ctio n
switch
G ain switch
Larg e d iffe re n ce s in in d u ctan ce o n ly, are p ro b ab ly cau se d b y an
in te r-tu rn sh o rt circu it in a stato r win d in g . A s th e d am ag e sp re ad s,
it will also affe ct re sistan ce re ad in g s. A ro to r fau lt will affe ct th e
in d u ctan ce o f th e stato r win d in g s as th e ro to r p o sitio n is ch an g e d .
T h e e ffe ct o f se ve ral co m b in e d fau lts can n o t b e d e fin e d with in th e
sco p e o f th is m an u al. D ism an tle an d e xam in e th e m o to r if th e re
are larg e d iffe re n ce s in re sistan ce s an d in d u ctan ce re ad in g s.
Using t he inst rument
Danger
S witch o ff th e p o we r su p p ly b e fo re te stin g .
I n su latio n re sistan ce is te ste d with 1 0 0 0 V D C , m ax.
cu rre n t is 0 . 2 5 m A .
Bat t ery t est
S e t th e F U N C T I O N switch to B A T T E R Y T E S T . P re ss th e re d p u sh
b u tto n . T h e in stru m e n t n e e d le sh o u ld swin g u p an d lie o ve r th e
b o x m arke d B A T T . I f n o t, re p lace th e b atte rie s.
Test lead connect ion
Wh e n m e asu rin g , m ake su re th e re is g o o d e le ctrical co n tact b e -
twe e n th e clip s an d th e m o to r te rm in als o r e arth p o in t.
Test of insulat ion resist ance
S e t th e F U N C T I O N switch to I N S U LA T I O N . C o n n e ct th e te st le ad s
to th e te rm in als m arke d I N S U LA T I O N 1 0 0 0 V.
O n star o r d e lta co n n e cte d m o to rs, co n n e ct o n e te st clip to a
su itab le e arth p o in t o n th e m ach in e fram e an d th e o th e r clip to
o n e o f th e su p p ly te rm in als. P re ss th e re d p u sh b u tto n . T h e in su la-
tio n re sistan ce to e arth is d isp laye d o n th e b lu e in stru m e n t scale .
I n su latio n re sistan ce in e xce ss o f 2 M are n o rm ally acce p tab le .
Valu e s b e lo w 1 M can b e d an g e ro u s an d th e m o to r sh o u ld n o t b e
u se d . I n th is case , fu rth e r te sts with E M C -1 1 are n o t n e ce ssary.
I f stato r win d in g s are n o t in te rco n n e cte d , o n e can te st th e re sist-
an ce to e arth o f e ach win d in g in tu rn , an d also te st th e in su latio n
b e twe e n th e win d in g s.
NOTE: F o r b atte ry te st an d in su latio n m e asu re m e n ts th e G A I N
switch h as n o e ffe ct.
SPM Instrument AB B o x 4 S -6 4 5 2 1 S tr n g n s S we d e n T e ch n ica l d a ta a re su b je ct to ch a n g e with o u t n o tice .
T e l +4 6 1 5 2 2 2 5 0 0 F ax +4 6 1 5 2 1 5 0 7 5 in fo @ sp m in stru m e n t. se www. sp m in stru m e n t. se I S O 9 0 0 1 ce rtifie d . C o p yrig h t S P M 1 9 9 9 -0 5 . 7 1 2 4 1 . B
Measuring and comparing resist ance
S e t th e F U N C T I O N switch to R E S I S T A N C E . C o n n e ct th e te st le ad s
to th e te rm in als m arke d R E S I S T A N C E /I N D U C T A N C E .
On connected motors (star or delta): C o n n e ct th e te st clip s to
an y p air o f th e su p p ly te rm in als U - V, V - W, U - W) , as illu strate d
b e lo w. P re ss th e re d p u sh b u tto n . A d ju st th e G A I N switch , to
o b tain th e larg e st p o ssib le o n -scale re ad in g . R e co rd th e n u m b e r
sh o wn o n th e re d scale o f th e in stru m e n t d ial.
With o u t alte rin g th e se ttin g o f th e G A I N switch , re p e at th e p ro ce -
d u re acro ss th e o th e r two p airs o f su p p ly te rm in als.
C o m p are th e d iffe re n ce b e twe e n re ad in g s with th e lowest o f th e
re sistan ce re ad in g s an d ch e ck th at it is with in to le ran ce s, se e p ag e 1 .
On disconnected motors: C o n n e ct th e te st clip s to th e p h ase
win d in g te rm in als U - U
1
, e tc. ) . M e asu re an d co m p are . T h e d iffe r-
e n ce o f re ad in g s is ab o u t d o u b le o f ab o ve .
Measuring and comparing induct ance
Le ave th e te st le ad s co n n e cte d to th e te rm in als I N D U C T A N C E /
R E S I S T A N C E . S e t th e F U N C T I O N switch to I N D U C T A N C E .
T h e ro to r m u st b e statio n ary wh ile m e asu rin g in d u ctan ce . T h e
m e asu rin g p ro ce d u re is th e sam e as fo r re sistan ce m e asu re m e n t.
A d ju st th e G A I N switch to o b tain th e larg e st p o ssib le o n -scale
re ad in g , b u t d o n o t alte r its se ttin g b e twe e n su b se q u e n t re ad in g s.
On connected motors /star or delta): M e asu re U - V, U - W, V - W.
C o m p are th e d iffe re n ce b e twe e n re ad in g s with th e highest o f th e
in d u ctan ce re ad in g s.
O n d isco n n e cte d m o to rs: M e asu re U - U
1
, V - V
1
, W - W
1
. C o m p are
re ad in g s with th e highest o f th e in d u ctan ce re ad in g s an d ch e ck if
it is with in to le ran ce s. E q u al re ad in g s, o r sm all d iffe re n ce s with in
to le ran ce lim its, in d icate th at b o th stato r an d ro to r are in g o o d
co n d itio n . I f th e m o to r co n d itio n is ve ry su sp e ct, tu rn th e ro to r
ap p ro x. 9 0 an d re p e at th e m e asu re m e n t.
Rot or t est
C o n sid e ra b le d iffe re n ce s b e twe e n in d u cta n ce re a d in g s ca n b e
d u e to e ith e r sta to r o r ro to r fa u lts. A fa u lt in o n e o f th e sta to r
win d in g s will sh o w u p a s a d iffe re n ce in th e re a d in g fo r th a t
win d in g a s co m p a re d with th e o th e r two , in d e p e n d e n t o f th e
ro to r p o sitio n . A ro to r fa u lt a lte rs th e in d u cta n ce in a n y o f th e
win d in g s a s th e ro to r p o sitio n is ch a n g e d .
D isco n n e ct an d m e asu re acro ss a sin g le -p h ase win d in g U - U 1 ) .
T h e n tu rn th e ro to r 1 0 - 2 0 an d m e asu re ag ain . R e p e at th is
p ro ce d u re se ve ral tim e s, u n til it is ce rtain th at th e re ad in g s e ith e r
re m ain stab le o r co n sid e rab ly ch an g e with th e ro to r p o sitio n .
Power fact or correct ion capacit ors
P o we r facto r co rre ctio n d e vice s sh o u ld always b e d isco n n e cte d
b e fo re th e te st. T h e y will m ask sig n ifican t d iffe re n ce s in m e asu re d
in d u ctan ce an d th e re fo re sh o u ld n o t b e re tain e d in th e m e asu rin g
circu it.
Single phase mot ors
O n co m m u tato r m o to rs o n e can ch e ck th e b alan ce o f th e ro to r
an d co m p are d iffe re n t ro to r se g m e n ts.
Changing bat t eries
T h e b atte ry te st is d e scrib e d o n p ag e 2 . Wh e n th e b atte ry vo ltag e is
to o lo w, th e in stru m e n t n e e d le fails to re ach th e b o x m arke d B A T T .
I n o rd e r to ch an g e b atte rie s, sn ap o p e n th e b atte ry co ve r at th e
b o tto m o f th e in stru m e n t. U se o n ly 9 V alkalin e ce lls, typ e I E C
6 LF 2 2 . R e m o ve b atte rie s b e fo re sto rin g th e in stru m e n t fo r lo n g
p e rio d s. Le akin g b atte rie s can d am ag e th e in stru m e n t.
Technical dat a
M e asu rin g ran g e
I n d u ctan ce : 1 - 3 0 0 m H in 1 1 ste p s
R e sistan ce : 0 . 2 - 6 0 in 1 1 ste p s
I n su latio n : 0 . 2 - 4 0 M at 1 0 0 0 V D C , m ax 0 . 2 5 m A
T e m p e ratu re ran g e : 0 to +5 5 C
B atte rie s: 2 x 9 V, I E C 6 LF 2 2
S ize : 1 9 5 x 1 3 5 x 7 5 m m
We ig h t: 1 kg
S tar
co n n e ctio n
D e lta
co n n e ctio n
A sin g le fau lt in th e ro to r cau se th e n e e d le to rise o r fall p tim e s p e r
re vo lu tio n , wh e re p is th e n u m b e r o f p o le s in th e ro to r. S m all,
re g u lar variatio n s in th e re ad in g s are d u e to th e p o sitio n o f th e
in d ivid u al cag e b ars an d can b e d isre g ard e d .
NOTE: D o n o t m e asu re wh ile th e sh aft is b e in g tu rn e d . I n d u ctan ce
re ad in g s sh o u ld b e take n o n ly wh ile th e ro to r is statio n ary.
Various applicat ions
T h e m e asu rin g p ro ce d u re as d e scrib e d ab o ve d ire ctly ap p lie s to sq u ir-
re l cag e in d u ctio n m o to rs, th e m o st co m m o n m o to r typ e in in d u stry.
H o we ve r, th e m e asu rin g p rin cip le o f co m p arin g th e re sistan ce an d
in d u ctan ce o f in d ivid u al win d in g s can b e ap p lie d to an y th re e -p h ase
m ach in e wh ich h as a se rie s o f id e n tical co ils. T h is in clu d e s syn ch ro n o u s
m o to rs, tran sfo rm e rs, g e n e rato rs, alte rn ato rs, e tc.
Wound rot or induct ion mot ors
B o th th e stato r an d th e ro to r o f th e se m o to rs can b e te ste d
fo llo win g th e stan d ard p ro ce d u re s. R o to r win d in g re sistan ce sh o u ld
b e m e asu re d fro m th e slip rin g s to avo id an y in co n siste n cy in th e
carb o n b ru sh e s.
Mult iple speed mot ors
M o to rs with an y fo rm o f e le ctro n ic sp e e d co n tro l sh o u ld b e m e as-
u re d as th e co rre sp o n d in g sin g le sp e e d m o to r, p ro vid e d th e re is
n o sh u n t o r se rie s cap acitan ce b e twe e n th e m e asu rin g p o in t an d
th e m o to r win d in g s.
M o to r sp e e d can also b e ch an g e d b y ch an g in g th e arran g e m e n t o f
se ve ral se ts o f win d in g s. F ig u re s 1 an d 2 b e lo w sh o w alte rn ative
m e an s o f p ro d u cin g d iffe re n t sp e e d s. T h e m o to r in fig . 1 can b e
an alyse d as a sin g le -sp e e d m o to r in a d e lta co n n e ctio n , u sin g te rm in als
B 1 , B 2 , an d B 3 . T h e m o to r in fig . 2 can b e m e asu re d as a sin g le -sp e e d
m o to r in star co n n e ctio n te rm in als 7 , 8 , 9 ) p lu s th re e se p arate co ils,
m e asu re d in d ivid u ally acro ss te rm in als 1 - 4 , 2 - 5 , an d 3 - 6 .
F ig . 2
F ig . 1