TURBINES

THE MACHINES THAT CONVERTS THE ENERGY OF THE FLUID TO MECHANICAL ENERGY

FLUID JET FROM THE

NOZZLE WITH A VERY HIGH
VELOCITY IMPINGES ON THE
CUP OF THE BUCKET. THE
CHANGE OF MOMENTUM OF
THE JET PRODUCES A
THIRST ON THE BUCKET AS
A RESULT OF WHICH THE
WHEEL THAT CARRIES THE
BUCKET FIXED ON ITS
PERIPHERY RECEIVES A
TORQUE AND STARTS TO
ROTATE AND THUS
PRODUCES ROTATIONAL
KINETIC ENERGY.

PREPARED By SUBHANKAR KARMAKAR

 Schematic diagrams of a generalized fluid machine

• The impulse turbine has one or more fixed nozzles. The nozzles turn the pressure energy
into kinetic energy as high velocity jets of fluid. These jets then impinge on the moving
blades of the runner where the fluid loses almost all of its kinetic energy and the
momentum is transferred to the blade. A typical impulse turbine is the pelton wheel.
•
The reaction turbine fluid transfers its energy by tangential slippage across the blades
literally pushing the blades sideways out of its path. The energy transfer is a gradual
process, the fluid loses it kinetic energy progressively. The fluid literally fills all of the
passages through turbine blades. A typical reaction turbine is the steam or gas turbine.
 TURBINES ARE OF TWO TYPES

(i) REACTION TURBINES

(ii) IMPULSE TURBINES

REACTION TURBINES : FRANCIS TURBINES

The reaction turbine is completely immersed in the fluid and the energy is
converted from fluid to mechanical motion , and vice versa, gradually as the
fluid passes over the blades
 IMPULSE TURBINES :

PELTON WHEEL : AN IMPULSE TURBINE

VELOCITY DIAGRAMS

The impulse turbine has one or more fixed nozzles. The nozzles turn the pressure
energy into kinetic energy as high velocity jets of fluid. These jets then impinge on
the moving blades of the runner where the fluid loses almost all of its kinetic
energy and the momentum is transferred to the blade. A typical impulse turbine is
the pelton wheel
EXAMPLE OF TURBINES

SPRINKLER: A REACTION TURBINE

PADDLE WHEEL: AN
IMPULSE TURBINE