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2
Algebraic Expressions and Sets of
Numbers
Section 1
Algebraic Expressions
An expression includes variables, numbers and operation.
DOES NOT include an equal sign
Evaluating an Expression
Cont.
Remember:
Variables next to variables or numbers next to numbers
indicates multiplication.
Fraction bars indicates division.
Section 2
Set of Real Numbers
Set a collection of objects
Real Numbers Include both rational and irrational
numbers
Natural Numbers Numbers used for counting (1,2,3,)
Whole Numbers natural numbers with 0 included
(0,1,2,3,)
Integers Set of whole numbers and their opposites (,-4,-
3,-2,1,0,1,2,3,4,)
Sets
The set of
All x
such that
x is a natural number less than 3
8.734,
Examples of Irrational Numbers
10, 3, , 7.161161116..., 3.491...
Given the following numbers
20, 10, 5.34, 18.999,
11
, 7, 2,
45
2
0, , 9.34334333433334...
3
1
5
Subsets
Subsets sets contained within
Ex: Every integer is also a rational number. In other words,
all the elements of the set of integers are also elements of
the set of rational numbers. When this happens we say
that the set of integers, set Z, is a subset of the set of
rational numbers, set Q. In symbols,
Z Q
Real Numbers The set of all rational
numbers and irrational numbers together.
Rational Numbers A number
that can be written as the quotient
of two integers
Irrational Numbers Non-perfect
squares, pi, non-repeating, non-
terminating decimals
Integers: Whole #s and their opposites
(,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,)
Whole #s: 0,1,2,3,.
Natural #s: 1,2,3,.
Symbols
,5, , , p a g j q
used todenote that anelement is ina particular set
is read as is not anelement of
3 1, 2,3, 4,5
3 is an element of {1,2,3,4,5}
p is not an element of {a, 5, g, j, q}
List the elements in each set.
1 6
100
x xis a wholenumber between and
x xis arational number greater than
Section 3
Absolute Value
Absolute value is the distance that number is from zero on a
number line.
EX: l 3 l = 3 and l 3 l = 3
Example 6: pg. 13
Section 4
Opposite
The opposite of a number is the numbers additive inverse.
When the sum of these two numbers is zero.
EX: -3.4 opposite is 3.4
- 3.4 + 3.4 = 0
Example 7 pg. 14
Section 5
Translating Phrases into an
algebraic expression.
A variable is used to express an unknown.
Use key words to translate operations.
Less than / greater than (reverse the sentence.
Ex: 4 less than a number ( x 4)
Vs. the difference of 4 and a number (4 x)
Example 8 pg. 14
Algebraic Expressions
Assignment
Page 16 - #15 28 & #37 52