Begin your information search by using your textbook and accessing http://www.nos.noaa.gov/education/tides/welcome.html As you read through the tutorial, answer the questions below that correspond to each section of the tutorial. What are Tides? 1. What is a basic definition of a tide? Very long period waves that move through the ocean in response to the orces e!erted by the moon and sun" . What is a high tide? What is a low tide? #igh tide is when the crest o the wave reaches a particular location" $ow tide corresponds to the lowest part o the wave" !. What is tidal range? The dierence between the high tide and the low tide What %auses Tides? ". #ides are caused by the gra$itational attraction of what two celestial bodies? &un and moon %. What does &ewton's law of uni$ersal gra$itational state? The gravitational attraction between two bodies is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square o the distance between the bodies (. Which celestial body has a greater effect on tidal forces on )arth? The sun" 'ravity( Inertia( and the Two Bulges *. +ow does the moon create a bulge? When the inertia is trying to keep the water in place but the gravitational orce e!ceeds it and the water is pulled toward the moon. 1,. What causes a bulge to be created on the opposite side of the )arth or the -far side. from the moon? The gravitational attraction o the moon is less because it is arther away" Inertia e!ceeds the gravitational orce " %hanging )ngles and %hanging Tides 11. /escribe how changes in the relati$e positions of the moon and sun change in relation to the )arth? )s the moon revolves around the earth( its angle increases and decreases in relation to the equator" The sun*s relative position to the equator changes over the course o the year as the +arth revolves around it" 1. At what point is the sun at its minimum declination and its maximum declination? The vernal and autumnal equino!es the sun is at its minimum declination" ,uring the summer equino! and winter equino! it is at its ma!imum" -requency o Tides . The $unar ,ay 10. 1ompare and contrast a solar and lunar day. +ow long is a lunar day?lunar is the time it takes or a speciic site on the earth to rotate rom an e!act point under the moon" 1". Why do most coastal areas experience two high tides and two low tides? Because on lunar days the earth takes an e!tra /0 minutes to catch up with the moon " 1%. +ow long does it take for high tide to occur? +ow long is the time between low and high tide? 12 hours and 2/ minutes" 3 hours and 12"/ minutes Tidal Variations . The Inluence o Position and ,istance 1(. What causes spring tides? What causes neap tides? +ow many spring and neap tides occur in a lunar month? the solar tide has an additive eect on the lunar tide( creating e!tra.high high tides( and very low( low tides" the sun and moon are at right angles to each other( the solar tide partially cancels out the lunar tide and produces moderate tide" 2 sets o spring tides and two sets o lunar tides 1*. +ow are tide2generating forces affected when the moon is closest to the )arth 3or perigee4? when the moon is farthest away from the )arth 3or apogee4? +ow does this affect the tides that are produced? orces are higher than usual( producing above. average ranges in the tides" the lunar tide.raising orce is smaller( and the tidal ranges are less than average" ,. +ow are tide2generating forces affected when the )arth is closest to the sun 3or perihelion4? when the )arth is farthest from the sun 3or aphelion4? +ow does this affect the tides that are produced? the tidal ranges are enhanced" The tidal ranges are reduced " What )ects Tides in )ddition to the &un and 4oon? 1. +ow are the magnitudes of tides affected by shorelines? By mid2ocean islands? oceanic tidal bulges hit wide continental margins( the height o the tides can be magniied" e!perience very small tides o 1 meter or less . +ow does a funnel2shaped bay compare to a narrow inlet and shallow water? -unnel.shaped bays in particular can dramatically alter tidal magnitude" 5arrow inlets and shallow water also tend to dissipate incoming tides !. What is the affect of strong tidal ri$ers on tides in estuaries? powerul seasonal river lows in the spring can severely alter or mask the incoming tide" 5. What other abiotic factors affect tides? 1ompare and contrast wind and weather patterns that affect tides" $ocal winds and weather 6ones " wind can move water aster rom the shoreline" 7nshore winds may act to pile up water onto the shoreline" eliminating low tide e!posures"