Auxiliary verbs

There are three classes of verbs in English:

Auxiliary verbs do, be, and have
They dont have their own meanings and are used to form
tenses and to show forms such as questions and negatives.
Modal auxiliary verbs
Some examples of modal verbs are must; can; could; should;
would; might, etc. They help other verbs and they have
their own meaning. (must-obligation)
Full verbs
These are all the other verbs in the language: play, run,
help, go
Do, be and have can also be used as full verbs with their
own meanings!

For example:
I do my washing on Saturdays.
What do you do? Whats your job?

auxiliary verb full verb

Tenses and
auxiliary verbs
When do, be, and have are used as auxiliary verbs, they
make different verb forms!

DO
In the Present Simple and the Past Simple there is no
auxiliary verb, so do, does, and did make questions and
negatives.
Where do you work?
She doesnt like her job.
What did you buy?
We didnt buy anything.
BE
1. Be + verb + -ing is used to make continuous verb forms:
Present Continuous; Past Continuous; Present Perfect
Continuous; Continuous Infinitive.
He is washing his hair.

2. Be + past participle is used to form the passive: Present
Simple Passive; Past Simple Passive; Present Perfect Passive;
Passive Infinitive.
My car was stolen yesterday.
HAVE
Have + past participle is used to make perfect verb forms:
Present Perfect; Past Perfect; Perfect Infinitive.
He has worked in many different countries.


Negatives and questions
for auxiliary verbs
Negatives
To make negative form, we add not or nt to the auxiliary
Verb. If there is no auxiliary verb, dont/doesnt and didnt
are used.
He is working. He isnt working.
We have seen the play. We havent seen the play.
She works in a bank. She doesnt work in a bank.

We can also use the uncontracted not in negative form!
Hes not playing today. (= He isnt playing today.)
Im not working. NOT I amnt working.



Questions
Questions are formed by inversion of the subject and the
auxiliary verb. If there is no auxiliary , do/does and did are
used.
Shes wearing jeans. What is she wearing?
You arent working. Why arent you working?
Peters been to China. Has Peter been to China?
I know you. Do I know you?
They didnt go out. Why didnt they go out?
Thank you for
listening!