10/4/2010

1
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 0
Technical
Technical
Program
Fundamentals of
Load Estimating
The Carrier Technical
Training World of HVAC
This presentation is supported by a student book,
Cat. No. 791-090, available through Literature Services.
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 1
Carrier Carrier
EE--20 20
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 2
BLOCK LOAD
REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT
CENTRAL A.H.U. EQUIPMENT
FOR SIZING:
10/4/2010
2
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 3
LOADS IN A TYPICAL AIR
CONDITIONING SYSTEM
SUN
CHILLER
RAFH
EXH.
SAFH
RDLG RDHG
SDHG SDLL
RA
PUMP
HEAT
GAIN
PIPING
HEAT
GAIN
(S + T)
R
3
1
4
9
7 15
17
S
G
T
G
INF
(S + L)
(S + T)
W
2
6
10
E
(S + L)
T
F
tRM
16 4
P(S + L)
to
L
11 18 12
tSA
14 19
tEA
tADP
13
C
O
I
L
5
TP
(S+ L)
23 22
S + L
BYPASSED
OA ( )
tRA 21 20
tLA
26
OA(S + L)
tOA
24
25
RSH
ERSH
ERTH
REFRIGERATION LOAD
1 10
=
1 14
=
1 19
=
1 26
=
RLH
ERLH
GTH
17
=
15 19
=
1 24
=
15
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 5
SOLAR GAIN THRU GLASS
SUN
RADIANT
ENERGY
S
G

Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 7
SOLAR AND TRANSMISSION GAIN


(S + T)
W
(S + T)
R
S
S
T
T
10/4/2010
3
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 9
TRANSMISSION
T
F
T
P
T
G
T
C
80
80
75 70 95


Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 11
INFILTRATION
INF
(S + L)
7
15 C
O
L
D
C
O
L
D
W
I
N
D
W
I
N
D
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 13
VENTILATION
OUTDOOR AIR
ENTERING
SPACE
DIRECTLY
OA
(S + L)
10/4/2010
4
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 15
RDLG RDHG
SDHG
1
4
9
7 15
17
S
G
T
G
INF
(S + L)
(S + T)
W
2
6
10
E
(S + L)
T
F
tRM
16 4
P(S + L)
to
L
11 18
5
TP
23 22
INTERNAL LOADS
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 17
C
O
I
L
SAFH
RDLG RDHG
SDHG SDLL
RA
tRM P
(S + L)
t
o
11 18 12
tSA
14
19
tADP
13
5
TP
(S+ L)
23 22
S + L
BYPASSED
OA
( )
tRA
tLA
24
OTHER LOADS -
SUPPLY AIR SIDE
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 19
SUN
RAFH
SAFH
RDLG RDHG
SDHG SDLL
RA
to
11 18 12
tSA
14
19
tEA
tADP
13
C
O
I
L
(S + L)
23 22
S + L
BYPASSED
OA
( )
tRA 21
tLA
24
OTHER LOADS -
RETURN AIR SIDE
10/4/2010
5
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 21
CHILLER
RAFH
EXH.
SAFH
RA
PUMP
HEAT
GAIN
PIPING
HEAT
GAIN
tSA
14 19
tEA
tADP
13
C
O
I
L
S + L
BYPASSED
OA ( )
tRA 21 20
tLA
26
OA(S + L)
tOA
24
25
ADDING UP THE LOAD
COMPONENTS
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 24
ASHRAE
OUTSIDE
DESIGN CONDITIONS
THE
ACCEPTED INDUSTRY
STANDARD
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 30
EXAMPLE BUILDING
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
10/4/2010
6
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 31
FLOOR
ROOM
BUILDING
BUILDING
ENVELOPE
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 32
8 STORY OFFICE BUILDING
175 FT.
25
BAYS
1
0
0

F
T
.
30 FT. 40 FT. 15
5 5 5 5 5
5 4 3 1 2 1 2 3 5 4
2
5

Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 33
EXAMPLE BUILDING
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
8 STORY OFFICE BUILDING ELEVATORS
175 ft. 100 ft.
PARAPET
8
7
6
5
2
3
4
1
SEPARATE
AIR COND.
SYSTEM
9
6

f
t
.
10/4/2010
7
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 35
TABLE 22
WALL WEIGHT/FT
2
= 43 + 37 + 6 + 4 = 90 LB/FT
2
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 36
BUILDING U FACTORS
(1) OUTSIDE AIR FILM 0.25
(2) FOUR INCH FACE BRICK EXTERIOR 0.44
(3) 12 IN. CINDER AGG. CONCRETE BLOCK 1.89
(4) 5/8 IN. SAND AGG. PLASTER ON WALL 0.11
(5) INSIDE AIR FILM 0.68
TOTAL RESISTANCE (RT) = 3.38
U = 1/RT = 1/3.37 = 0.297
R
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 37
ESTIMATES THESE SEPARATELY
SOLAR
RADIANT
ENERGY
TRANSMISSION
SUN
10/4/2010
8
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 38
THE EARTHS MOTION
AROUND THE SUN
JUNE 21
SEPTEMBER 21
DECEMBER 21
MARCH 21
TROPIC OF
CANCER
23.5N LAT.
TROPIC OF
CAPRICORN
23.5S LAT.
95.9 MILLION
MILES
89.8 MILLION
MILES
445 BTUH/FT
2
415 BTUH/FT
2
SUN
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 43
SOLAR HEAT GAIN
THROUGH ORDINARY GLASS DURING AUG. (40N)
220
200
180
160
140
100
120
80
60
40
20
0
6 7 8 9 3 4 5 6 12 1 2 10 11
AM TIME OF DAY PM
B
T
U
H
/
S
Q
.

F
T
.

S
A
S
H

A
R
E
A
SOUTH
NORTH
EAST WEST
SKYLIGHT
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 47
ANGLE OF
INCIDENCE
AL
E
BUILDING
WALL
SOLAR
AZIMUTH
ANGLE
SOLAR
ALTITUDE
ANGLE
10/4/2010
9
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 54
INSTANTANEOUS
HEAT GAIN
TIME (HOURS)
B
T
U
H
ACTUAL
COOLING
LOAD
30 LB/FT2
100 LB/FT2
150 LB/FT2
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 61
OUTSIDE
WALL
75F 95F
INSIDE OUTSIDE
SUN
TRANSMISSION
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 62
TEMPERATURE PROFILES
PLOTTED AS A FUNCTION
OF TIME
75F 75F
OUTSIDE INSIDE
HEAT HEAT
OUTSIDE WALL
6
5
3
4
1
2
SUN
10/4/2010
10
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 63
NO SUN SHINING
ON THE WALL
75F 75F
OUTSIDE INSIDE
HEAT HEAT
OUTSIDE WALL
TEMPERATURE PROFILES
PLOTTED AS A FUNCTION
OF TIME
1
2
3
4
6
5
MOVEMENT OF
STORED HEAT
Copyright Carrier Corporation 2001
Slide 125
Loads Review