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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OBJECTIVE TYPE

QUESTIONS: A COMPILATION



DR. LEONARDO C. MEDINA, JR.
DEAN, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY


INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS CONTROL













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1. What is the Laplace transform of sin t ?
(a) __1__ (b) __s_____
s + 1 1 + s
(c) __1 (d) __s_____
s - 1 s - 1
2. The transfer function of the first order system is
(a) __1 (b) _1_
Ts + 1 Ts
(c) ___s__ (d) 1/s
Ts + 1

3. Pick out the first order system from among the following
(a) damped vibrator
(b) mercury in glass thermometer kept in boiling water
(c) interacting system of two tanks in series
(d) non-interacting system of two tanks in series

4. Response of a system to a sinusoidal input called
(a) impulse response (b) unit step response
(c) frequency response (d) step response

5. What is the ratio of output amplitude to input amplitude for a sinusoidal forcing
function in a first order system ?
(a) 1 (b) > 1
(c) < 1 (d) none of these

6. Phase lag of the sinusoidal response of a first order system is
(a) 120 (b) 30
(c) 180 (d) 90

7. Conversion formula for converting amplitude ratio (AR) into decibels is
(a) Decibel=20 log10 (AR) (b) Decibel=20 log e(AR)
(c) Decibel=20 log10 (AR)0.5 (d) Decibel = log10 (AR)

8. A control system is unstable if the open loop frequency response exhibits an
amplitude ratio exceeding unity at the cross-over frequency. This is
(a) Bode stability criterion (b) Nyquist criterion
(c) Routh stability criterion (d) both b and c

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9. Typical specifications for design stipulates the gain margin and phase margin to be
respectively
(a) > 1.7 and > 30 (b) < 1.7 and > 30
(c) < 1.7 and < 30 (d) >1.7 and < 30

10. The frequency at which maximum amplitude ratio is attained is called
(a) corner frequency (b) resonant frequency
(c) cross-over frequency (d) natural frequency

11. A negative gain margin expressed in decibels means
(a) a stable system (b) unstable system
(c) critically damped system (d) both a and c

12. Bode diagram is a plot of
(a) log (AR) vs. log (f) and vs. log (f)
(b) log (AR) vs. f and log vs. f
(c) AR vs.log (f) and vs. log (f)
(d) log (AR) vs. log f

13. For measuring the temperature of a furnace, which is the most suitable
instrument?
(a) Platinum resistance thermometer (b) Thermocouple
(c) Optical pyrometer (d) Bimetallic thermometer

14. Degree to which an instrument indicates the changes in measured variable without
dynamic error is called
(a) speed of response (b) reproducibility of instrument
(c) fidelity (d) its static characteristics

15. Which of the following is a desirable characteristic of an instrument?
(a) high drift (b) high fidelity
(c) high temperature lag (d) poor reproducibility

16. Which of the following shows maximum dip affect (indicating reverse direction of
temperature change)?
(a) mercury thermometer (b) radiation pyrometer
(c) bimetallic thermometer (d) thermocouple

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17. Pick out the most suitable instrument for measuring temperature in the range of -
40 to 800F.
(a) mercury thermometer (b) bimetallic thermometer
(c) radiation pyrometer (d) radiation pyrometer

18. Thermocouple is suitable for measuring
(a) liquid temperatures only (b) very high temperatures only
(c) very low temperatures only (d) both high and low temperatures

19. Which of the following relates the absorption and evolution of heat at the junctions
of a thermocouple to the current flow in the circuit?
(a) Seebeck effect (b) Peltier effect
(c) Joule heating effect (d) Thomson effect

20. Thermal wells are used in temperature measurement to
(a) guard against corrosive and oxidizing action on
thermocouple materials
(b) reduce measuring lag
(c) increase the fidelity
(d) increase the sensitivity

21. Gas analysis is commonly done using
(a) thermal conductivity cell (b) X-ray diffraction
(c) mass spectrometer (d) emission spectrometer

22. Psychrometer determines
(a) humidity of gases (b) moisture content of solids
(c) water of crystallization (d) hygroscopic nature of solids

23. Continuous measurement of moisture content of paper in paper industry is done by
measuring
(a) thermal conductivity through the paper
(b) electrical resistance through the paper
(c) magnetic susceptibility
(d) both b and c

24. Optimal activity of a solution can be determined using a
(a) polarimeter (b) polarograph
(c) dilatometer (d) refractometer
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25. A simple pitot tube measures
(a) average velocity (b) maximum velocity
(c) point velocity (d) static pressure

26. Pirani gauge is used for
(a) measurement of very high pressure (b) measurement of high vacuum
(c) liquid level under pressure (d) liquid level at atmospheric pressure

27. A barometer measures
(a) absolute pressure (b) gauge pressure
(c) both absolute and gauge pressure (d) dynamic pressure

28. The level of a liquid under pressure can be determined using
(a) bubbler system (b) differential pressure manometer
(c) diaphragm box system (d) air-trap system

29. Continuous measurement of specific gravity of a liquid is done by
(a) hydrometer (b) contact-type electric indicators
(c) displacement meter (d) both a and c

30. Hot wire anemometer is used for the measurement of
(a) flow rates of fluid (b) flow rates of granular solids
(c) very high temperature (d) thermal conductivity of gases

31. Flow rate through an orifice is
(a) proportional to the pressure differential
(b) inversely proportional to the square root of pressure differential
(c) proportional to the square root of pressure differential
(d) inversely proportional to the square root of pressure differential

32. Which of the following flow-metering instruments is an area meter?
(a) venturi meter (b) rotameter
(c) pitot tube (d) hot wire anemometer

33. Continuous measurement of flow rates of dry granular fertilizer is done using
(a) velocity meters (b) area-meters
(c) weighing meters (d) anemometer


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34. Pick out the symbol for locally mounted instrument in instrumentation diagram
(a) (b) (c) (d)


35. Which is the symbol for pneumatic control valve
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these


36. The symbol for capillary line in instrumentation diagram is
(a) ___ ___ _ ___ _ ___ (b)

(c) _________________ (d)

37. Instrumentation in a plant offers the advantage of
(a) greater safety of operation (b) better quality of product
(c) greater operation economy (d) all a, b and c

38. Dilatometer is used to measure
(a) stress (b) strain
(c) deflection (d)contraction/expansion due to changes
in temperature

39. Stalagmometer is used for the measurement of
(a) kinematic viscosity (b) surface tension
(c) refractive index (d) optical activity

40. Stroboscope is used for the measurement of
(a) rpm of a flywheel (b) frequency of light
(c) depression of freezing point (d) liquid level under pressure

41. Minute depression of freezing point of a liquid solvent or addition of a solid solute
can be best measured by
(a) Beckman thermometer (b) dilatometer
(c) mercury thermometer (d) bimetallic thermometer

42. Gain margin is equal to the
(a) amplitude ratio (b) reciprocal of amplitude ratio
(c) gain in P controller (d) gain in P-I controller


_
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_
_
_
_

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43. Phase margin is equal to
(a) 180 - phase lag (b) phase lag - 180
(c) phase lag + 180 (d) phase lag - 90

44. A system with a transfer function __2s _ is of
4s + 1
(a) zero order (b) 1st order
(c) 2nd order (d) 3rd order

45. Bode stability method uses
(a) open loop transfer function (b) closed loop transfer function
(c) either a or b (d) neither a nor b

46. Routh stability method uses
(a) open loop transfer function (b) closed loop transfer function
(c) either a or b (d) neither a nor b

47. Nichels chart deals with
(a) A.R. vs. phase lag of first order
(b) A.R. vs. phase lag of second order
(c) closed loop values vs. open loop value
(d) frequency response values of controllers

48. The fluid used in hydraulic controller is
(a) water (b) steam
(c) air (d) oil

49. Number of poles in a system with transfer function ________1______ is
s + 2s + 1
(a) 2 (b) 5
(c) 3 (d) 1

50. Which of the following controllers has maximum offset?
(a) P-controller (b) P-I controller
(c) P-D controller (d) P-I-D controller




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51. Process degrees of freedom
(a) indicates the maximum number of controller to be used
(b) indicates the minimum number of controller to be used
(c) determines both maximum and minimum number of controllers to be used
(d) gives no idea of controllers

52. Resistance of a gas in a vessel is
(a) __V__ (b) nRT
nRT V
(c) nRT (d) __P_
P nRT

Where: P =pressure V= volume of the vessel
n= number of moles of the gas R= gas constant

52. In an exothermic chemical reactor, the manipulated variable is the flow rate of
(a) coolant (b) reactant
(c) product (d) hot fluid

53. Use of I-control along with P-control facilitates
(a) elimination of offset (b) reduction of offset
(c) reduction of stability time (d) both b and c

54. Which of the following error integral is considered as the best criterion in controller
settings?
(a)

| e | dt (b)

| e | dt

0 0
(c)

e
2
dt (d) both a and b

0

55. Cascade control means
(a) feed forward control (b) more than one feed-back loop
(c) on-off control (d) one feed-back loop

56. Which of the following controllers has the least maximum deviation?
(a) P-controller (b) P-I controller
(c) P-I-D controller (d) P-D controller


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57. Measurement of pressure in ammonia reactor is done by
(a) Bourdon gauge (b) U-tube manometer
(c) Inclined tube manometer (d) Pirani gauge

58. Pressure of 0.01 psi (absolute) can be measured by
(a) Ionization gauge (b) Pirani gauge
(c) Mcleoid gauge (d) Bourdon gauge

59. Continuous measurement of moisture in paper is done by
(a) sling psychrometer
(b) hair-hygrometer
(c) weighing
(d) high resistance, Wheatstones bridge circuit

60. Pressure of 0.0001 absolute psi can be measured by
(a) Meloid gauge (b) Pirani gauge
(c) Thermocouple gauge (d) Bourdon gauge

61. E.m.f. generated by thermocouples is of the order of
(a) millivolts (b) microvolts
(c) volts (d) bi-metallic thermometer

62. Measurement of sub-zero Celsius temperature in industry is done by
(a) thermocouples (b) resistance thermometers
(c) gas thermometer (d) bi-metallic thermometer

63. Starting temperature of optical radiation pyrometer is
(a) 800C (b) 400C
(c) 1200C (d) 1500C

64. Which thermocouple can be used to measure temperature around 1400C?
(a) copper-constantan (b) aluminum-chromel
(c) platinum-platinum+rhodium (d) copper-aluminum

65. pH meter has
(a) one cell (b) two cells
(c) three cells (d) no cell


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66. Maximum differential pressure in liquid manometer is
(a) 20 psi (b) 30 psi
(c) 40 psi (d) 50 psi

67. Interfacial level in pressure vessel is measured by
(a) float (b) manometers of float type
(c) U-tube manometer (d) Bourdon gauge

68. Flow rate of sludge is measured by
(a) V-notch (b) rectangular notch
(c) circular pipe (d) Kennison nozzle

69. Composition of natural gas can be determined by
(a) chromatograph (b) orsat apparatus
(c) spectrometer (d) photometer

70. Bellows are made of
(a) leather (b) paper
(c) plastic (d) thin copper

71. Flapper nozzle is a
(a) pneumatic controller (b) hydraulic controller
(c) electronic controller (d) both a and b

72. Weir valve is used for
(a) slurries (b) acids
(c) neutral solutions (d) bases

73. Valve used to supply oil to burner is
(a) gate valve (b) butterfly valve
(c) rotary plug valve (d) both a and b

74. Mode used for transmitting signal for one kilometer distance is
(a) hydraulic (b) pneumatic
(c) electronic (d) all a, b and c

75. Use of pilot in transmission (pneumatic) is to
(a) speed up signal (b) change the flow of air
(c) adjust the signal (d) all a, b and c
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76. Final control element is a
(a) valve (b) switch
(c) signal (d) both a and b

77. Example of a second order instrument is a
(a) mercury-glass thermometer with covering
(b) bare mercury-glass thermometer
(c) pressure gauge
(d) Bourdon gauge

78. Offset
(a) varies with time (b) varies exponentially with time
(c) does not vary with time (d) varies as square of the time

79. Regulator problem means that
(a) set point is constant
(b) load is constant
(c) both set point and load are constant
(d) neither set point nor load is constant

80. Servo problem means that
(a) set point is constant (b) load is constant
(c) both a and b (d) neither a nor b

81. Critically damped system means that the damping coefficient is
(a) 1 (b) < 1
(c) > 1 (d) 0

82. In Bode stability criterion, amplitude ratio at 180 should be
(a) 1 (b) < 1
(c) > 1 (d) 0

83. Phase plane method is used for
(a) linear-behavior (b) non-linear behavior
(c) both a and b (d) neither a nor b

84. Laplace transform method is used for
(a) linear behavior (b) non-linear behavior
(c) both a and b (d) neither a nor b
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85. Phase lag of first order system is
(a) tan
-1
(T) (b) tan
-1
(T)
(c) /2 (d) 0

86. P-I controller as compared to P-controller has a
(a) higher maximum deviation (b) longer response time
(c) longer period of oscillation (d) all a, b and c

87. Difference at any instant between the value of controlled variable and the set point
is called
(a) deviation (b) derivative time
(c) error ratio (d) differential gap

88. The time difference by which the output of a P-D controller leads the input when
the input changes linearly with time is called
(a) error ratio (b) derivative time
(c) proportional sensitivity (d) gain

89. Steady state deviation resulting from a change in the value of the load variable is
called
(a) offset (b) error ratio
(c) deviation (d) static ratio

90. Time required for the output of a first order system to change from a given value
to within 36.8% of the final value when a step change of input is made is called
(a) time constant (b) settling time
(c) rise time (d) derivative time

91. A controller action in which there is a continuous linear relation between value of
the controlled variable and rate of change of controlled output signal is called
(a) proportional action (b) integral action
(c) derivative action (d) proportional-integral action

92. A controller action in which there is a continuous relation between value of the
controlled variable and the value of the output signal of the controller is called
(a) proportional action (b) derivative action
(c) integral action (d) proportional-derivative action


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93. Steady state ratio of the change of proportional controller output variable and the
change in actuating signal is called
(a) proportional sensitivity (b) reset rate
(c) rangeability (d) integral action

94. In case of flow measurement by an orifice, the pressure difference signal is
proportional to
(a) Q (b) Q
(c) Q
3
(d) 1 /Q
where Q= volumetric flow rate

95. Thermistor is a
(a) semiconductor whose resistance decreases with temperature rise
(b) metal whose resistance increases linearly with temperature rise
(c) metal whose resistance does not vary with temperature
(d) device for measuring nuclear radiation

96. Which of the following factors does not influence measurement accuracy?
(a) static and dynamic error (b) reproducibility
(c) dead zone (d) none of these

97. Which of the following is suitable for measuring the temperature of a red hot
moving object
(e.g. steel ingots on roller table) ?
(a) thermocouple (b) radiation pyrometer
(c) thermistor (d) radiograph

98. Thermocouples
(a) have very slow speed of response
(b) cant be connected to the measuring instrument remotely located
(c) need cold junction compensation
(d) are much less accurate compared to bimetallic or vapor pressure thermometer

99. Selection of material for thermocouple depends on the
(a) depth of immersion in the hot fluid
(b) minimum and maximum temperature
(c) pressure and velocity condition of the fluid whose temperature is to be
measured
(d) both a and b
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100. Radiation pyrometers
(a) have very low speed of response
(b) need not see the temperature source; it is measuring
(c) cant measure temperature of objects without making physical contact
(d) none of these

101. V-notch is used to measure flow rate of a liquid in
(a) an open channel (b) a non-circular cross-section closed channel
(c) vertical pipeline (d) horizontal pipeline

102. Which of the following is not a head flowmeter?
(a) segmental orifice plate (b) pitot tube
(c) rotameter (d) flow nozzle

103. Flow rate of a liquid containing heavy solids (e.g. sand) can be best measured by
(a) pitot tube (b) concentric orifice
(c) eccentric orifice (d) rotameter

104. Orifice plates for flow measurement
(a) incurs very low permanent pressure loss
(b) has poor accuracy on high orifice ratios (above 0.75)
(c) cant be easily interchanged
(d) is best for very large liquid flows and big pipelines

105. Pitot tube is used
(a) for highly accurate flow measurement
(b) when the fluid contains lot of suspended material
(c) when the line is large and the velocity is high
(d) both a and c

106. In an area meter (e.g. rotameter), the flow rate is
(a) proportional to the square root of the differential pressure
(b) inferred from the change in area of an orifice in the flow line across
which the pressure differential is constant zero
(c) inferred from change in flow cross-section across which the pressure
differential is zero
(d) all a, b and c


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107. A rotameter
(a) incurs constant and small permanent pressure drop
(b) incurs constant but very large permanent pressure drop
(c) is inaccurate for low flow rates
(d) need not be mounted always vertically

108. On-off control
(a) fully opens the final control element when the measured variable is below the
set point
(b) fully closes the final control element when the measured variable is above the
set point
(c) is a two position (fully open or fully closed) control adequate to control
a process with slow reaction rate and minimum dead time or transfer
lag
(d) all a, b, and c

109. Floating control action
(a) moves the final control element at constant speed in either direction in
response to an error signal
(b) changes the position of the final control element from on to off
(c) is used to counteract rapid load changes
(d) both b and c

110. Cascade control is
(a) the continuous adjustment of the set point index of an automatic control loop
by a primary (master) controller
(b) used when changes in process conditions cause serious upsets in controlled
variable
(c) useful to control flow from temperature
(d) all a, b and c