95' TESKON/SUA 044

MMO, bu makaledeki ifadelerden, fikirlerden toplantda

kan sonulardan ve basm hatalarndan sorumlu deildir.
R e v e r s e O s m o s i s ( T e r s O s m o s )
S u A r t m a S i s t e m l e r i
E R O L Y A A
UNIVERSAL
M h e n d i s l i k
M A K NA M H E N D S L E R O D A S I
B L D R
X' H. ULUSAL TESSAT M HENDSL KONGRES V E SERGS ~
m
,687
REVERSE OSM OSIS (TERS OM OS) SU ARITM A
SSTEM LER
Er! YAA
ZE T
Re ve rs e Os mos i s (R O) s u artma te k n ol oji s i , d i e r s u artma yn te ml e ri i i n d e ol d uk a ye n i bi r ye re
s ah i p ol mak l a barabe r, d oad a, bi tk i l e r, n s an ve h ayvan h cre l e ri n e s u te mi n i n i n Os mos yn te mi i l e
me yd an a ge l d i i uzun yl l ard an be ri bi l i n me k te d i r.
RO, s on yl l ard a (s on 15 yl ), s uyun i e ri s i n d e bul un an i s te n me ye n mi n e ral l e ri n , ze l l i k l e tuzl u s u
artmn d a d ah a e s k i yn te ml e r ol an d i s ti l as yon ve d e i yon i zas yon ' a al te rn ati f ol arak ortaya, ol d uk a
ye n i bi r s u artma te k n ol oji s i d i r,
Bu bi l d i ri d e zaman mzn e l ve rd i i l d e , s i s te mi n tan tm yapl acak k ul l an l an me mbran e i tl e ri ,
s i s te m d i zayn , k ri te rl e ri an l atl acak ve uygul amal ar
1
d an rn e k l e r ve ri l e ce k ti r.
GR
RO, be n ze ri te k n ol oji l e rl e k arl atrl d n d a, n i s be te n bas i tti r ve bi r me mbran te k n ol oji s i d i r.
N ormal Os mos , d oad a, aral arn d a yar ge i rge n , s ad e ce s uyun ge me s i n e m s ad e e d e n , d i e r
mad d e l e ri ge i rme ye n bi r me mbran bul un an fark l k on s an tras yon d ak i i k i s vd an , bi ri n d e n d i e ri n e s u
ge i myl e me yd an a ge l i r ve bu i l e m i k i tarafd a d e n ge s al an an a k ad ar d e vam e d e r
Os mati k Bas n , me mbran
1
m i k i tarafn d a bul un an s vl ard a h aci m d e i i k l i i ol d uun d an me yd an a
ge l e n s tati k y k s e k l i k fark i l e me yd an a ge l i r.Aad ak i e k i l 1
1
d e gr l e n "p"os mati k bas n tr.
Os mos i s Os moti c Pre s s ure R e ve rs e Os mos i s
t *
Wte mbrari a M e mbran e M e mbran e
e k i l 1
Te rs Os mos ' d a, k on s e n tras yon u fazl a ol an s v tarafn d a bi r bas n (os moti k bas n ' d an d ah a b y k )
uygul an arak , s al an acak te rs ak l a, youn l uu fazl a ol an s v i e ri s i n d e bul un an mi n e ral l e r, tuzl ar ve
organ i k mad d e l e r, me mbran bi r tarafn d a brak l arak d i e r tarafa, youn l uu d ah a az, tuzl ar ve
mi n e ral l e rd e n arn d rl m bi r s v ol arak ge i ri l i r.
X ' I . ULUSAL TESSAT M HENDSL KONGRES V E SERGS _ _ _ _ _ _ 688
Prati k te , bas l an s uyun , s ad e ce be l l i bi r y zd e s i ' n i n bu me mbran d an ge me s i n e m s ad e e d i l i r. i n d e
mi n e ral l e r, tuzl ar ve organ i k mad d e l e ri n bi ri k ti i youn l uu ok d ah a fazl a ol an k on s an tras yon s e
gi d e r' e ve ri l i r.
"Kon s an tras yon Pol ari zas yon u"ol arak bi l i n e n pol ari ze ol mu mol e k l l e ri n , k s a bi r zaman aral n d a
me mbran ze ri n d e bi ri k e re k d ah a fazl a ak a ge i ve rme me s i gi bi s orun l arn n n e ge i l me s i i i n
me mbran i arn pe ri yod i k ol arak bas n al tn d a yk an abi l e ce k bi r d ze n e s ah i p ol mal ar ge re k i r,
M E M BR A N L A R
RO te k n ol oji s i , g n m zd e k i k on umun a, ge n i bi r al an ol an "Se n te ti k M e mbran Te k n ol oji s i
1
" n i n ze l
bi r d al ol arak ge l mi ve ok h zl ge l i me gs te rmi ti r.
A n cak bu te k n ol oji ' n i n , prati k ve e k on omi k ol arak k ul l an l abi l i r h al e ge ti ri l e bi l me al mal arn d a,
ayrca bi rok yn e tme l i k ve artn ame ge re k l e ri d e ye ri n e ge ti ri l mi ti r.
M e mbran l arm, bal an gtak i i mal atn d a, gz n n e al man e n b y k ze l l i k , ayn e n d oad ak i
be n ze rl e ri gi bi , k e n d i s i n d e n ge i ri l e re k s v' n i n d i e r tarafa ge me s i n e i zi n ve re re k s uyun i e ri s i n d e
bul un an parti k l ve mi n e ral l e ri bul un d uu ye rd e tutarak d i e r tarafa ge me s i n e i zi n ve rme me k
ol mutu.
Bu d urum, me mbran ze ri n d e bul un an k on tamn an tl ard an e n k n d ah i tutabi l e ce k bi r l ye ve
d zg n bi r pol i me r yapya s ah i p ol mas artl arn ortaya k oyuyord u.Di e r bi r h us us me mbran m
e k on omi k ve k ul l an l abi l i r ol abi l me s i i i n , y k s e k ak d i e rl e ri n e m s aad e e tme s i ge re k i yord u.
l k yapl an s e l l oz-as e tat me mbran l ar, s uya k ar ol d uk a ge i rge n bul un d ul ar, d ah a s on ral ar ok
i n ce , d e ri e k l i n d e bi r me mbran , d e l i k l i bi r ge i rge n ol an ve d ah a k al n pol i s ul fan d e s te k mal ze me
ze ri n e k apl an arak , y k s e k ak d e e rl e ri ve muk ave me t e l d e e d i l d i ,
Dah a s on ral ar, i k i n ci je n e ras yon ol an , n ce Fi l m Kompos i t" me mbran l ar yapl d , bun l arn s ya
muk ave me tl e ri , k i myas al s tabi l i te l e ri organ i k ve i n organ i k mad d e l e ri tutabi l me l e ri i l k yapl an Se l loz
As e tat me mbran l ara gre ok d ah a yi yd i , Pl ak al ve s argl ti p (RO) s i s te ml e rd e h al e n bu
me mbran l ar k ul l aml mak tad r.S cak i k l i ml e rd e te rci h e d i l me k te d i r.An cak s e l l oz as e tat me mbran i arn
ak s i n e , k l ora k ar d ayan k s zd rl ar, (e k i l 2)
' ULUSAL TESSAT M HENDSL KONGRES VE SERGS
- 6 8 9 -
Hol ow - Fi be r M e mbran l ar - De l i k l i Fi be r M e mbran ;
Burad a k ul l an l an me mbran n ce (i n s an s a k al n l n d a) pol i ami d ortas d e l i k l i fi be r mal ze me d i r.
Bu fi be rl e r b y k mi k tarl ard a d e me t h al i n d e d e l i k l i br borun un i e ri s i n d e ye rl e ti ri l i rl e r, d e me tl e ri n h e r
i k i ucu d a s zd rmaz h al e ge ti ri l i r
Br utan bas n l a ve ri l e n s u d i e r utan tatl s u ol arak al n r. Sal amura h al i n e ge l mi tuzl u s u gi ri
tarafn d ak i d e l i k te n d ar atl r. Ge n e l d e d e n i z s uyu artmn d a k ul l an l r, (e k i l 3)
e k i l 3
S pi ral S argl M e mbran l ar :
S pi ral s argl me mbran l ar ge n e l d e , k uyu ve arte zye n gi bi ye ral t s ul arn n artl mas n d a k ul l an l r
Bu s i s te md e ge i rge n me mbran l ar s t s te s arl arak bi r k artu h al i n e ge ti ri l i r.
Ve bun l ar yi n e fi be r gl as tan mamul bas n ca d ayan k l bi r boru in e k on url ar, Gi ri k ve s al amura
at d ze n l e me l e ri "Hol l ow Fbe r"d e k i n e be n ze r e k i l d e yapl r.
A ad ak i e k i l l e rd e , s pi ral s argl me mbran i arm yapl ve i l e ri n d e k i s u ak (al ma) d uruml ar
gs te ri l me k te d i r, (e k i l 4)
I I . ULUSAL TESSAT M HENDSL KONGRES VE SERGS 6 9 0-
RO S S TE M DZAYNI
Ge n e l d e e vl e rd e k ul l an l an , pak e t ti p RO s i s te ml e ri , pi yas ad a t m e l e man l ar le h azr ol arak s atl an
muh te l i f ti pl e r aras n d an uygun ol an s e i l e re k , k ul l an l r. An cak ti cari ve s an ayi ti p RO s i s te m d i zayn
bi rok k ri te ri be rabe ri n d e ge ti rme k te d i r, M e vcut uygul amal ar ol d uk a fazl a ve bi rbi ri n d e n fark l d r.
Burad a opti mum d i zayn
1
m e l d e e d i l me s i n d e , d i zayn m h e n d i s i ' n i n rol ve be ce ri s i n pl an a
k mak tad r.
Di zayn Kri te rl e ri :
RO s i s te m d i zayn
1
n e tk i l e ye n n e ml i fak trl e r aad ak i gi bi d i r,
- Gi ri Suyu A n al i zi
- Gi ri Suyu S cak l
- M e mbran Pol i me r S e i mi
Si s te m Ge ri Kazan m
- Uygul an an Bas n
- M e mbran A yrma Kapas i te s i
Gi ri S uyu A n al i zi :
Doru yapl m bi r s u an al i zi , ge re k l i n artma ve RO pros e s i i i n uygun bas n cn h e s apl an mas
as n d an ok n e ml i bi l gi l e ri n e l d e e d i l me s i n d e k ul l an l r.
Uygun yapl m bi r n artma, RO s i s te ml e ri n d e opti mum n e ti ce l e r e l d e e d i l e bi l me s i i i n ok
n e ml i d i r A n al i z parame tre l e ri n d e n ol an , k al s i yum, magn e zyum, bi k arbon at, s l fat ve d e mi r
me mbran k i rl e n me s i n e ve ve ri mi n d me s i n e n e d e n ol utl ar.
ok y k s e k oran d ak i , topl am z n m mi n e ral l e r (TDS ), y k s e k os moti k bas n l a al l mas n a,
byl e ce , RO s i s te mi n d e ve ri m d k l n e n e d e n ol url ar.
S u S cak l :
Su vi zk os i te s i ' n i n s cak l a bal ol arak d e i me s i ze l l i k l e 77 F (25 C)
1
n i n al tn d ak i s cak l k l ard a,
artl an s u mi k tar b y k l d e azal mak tad r (e k i l 5). Bu h us us un s i s te m d i zayn n d a d i k k ate
al n mas ge re k i r.
' X H - ULUSAL TESSAT MHENDSL KONGRES V E SERGS . . .
6 9 1
_ _
M e mbran Pol me r S e i mi :
N ormal s u artma i l e ml e ri n d e , s pi ral s argl , te rs os mos me mbran e l e man l ar ol aan s e i md i r. Bun a
rame n d i zayn ar
1
i n d i e r pol me rl e rd e n s e me ol an a vard r,
Kl as i k pol me r s e i mi ge n e l d e s e l l ozi k (s e l l oz as e tat (CA) ve ya s e l l oz trs e tat CTA) me mbran l arl a
yapl mtr. Bu pol i me rl e r
1
n e n b y k avan taj k l orl u s ul ara d ayan k l ol mas d r, Bun a rame n al k ol
s vl ard an ve baz bak te ri l e rd e n n e gati f e tk i l e n i rl e r.
TFC (n ce Fi l m Kompos i t) me mbran l ar n i s be te n ye n i je n e ras yon pol i me rl e rd r. Yapml ar d ah a
n ce k i bl md e ak l ad mz gi bi , pol i s ul fan bi r alt k apl ama' n m ze ri n e gi yd i ri l mi ok i n ce (2500 A)
bi r fi l m pol i me r' l e me yd an a ge l mi ti r.
Ge n e l d e , TFC me mbran l ar Se l l qzi k me mbran l ara k yas l a y k s e k oran d a mi n e ral ayrma ve artma
s uyu k apas i te s i n e s ah i p ol url ar. Ge n i bi r artma pH ye l paze s i n e h i tap e d e rl e r, bak te ri e tk i l e ri n e k ar
d ayan k l d rl ar Bun l ara rame n gi ri s uyun d a bul un an k l or
1
a k ar d ayan k s zd rl ar. Bu me mbran l ar
k ul l an l d n d a gi ri s uyun d a bul un an k l orun al n mas ge re k i r.
Hal e n i mal e d i l me k te ol an , s pi ral s argl , k l ora d ayan k l CTA me mbran l ar, d e ze n fe k s i yon amal 100
ppm k l ora k ad ar k ul l an l abi l me k te d rA n cak , mi n e ral ayrma k apas i te l e ri , TFC me mbran l ara k yas l a
d k t r. Y k s e k s e rtl i k l e r, ayrca pe rforman s e tk i l e r.
S i s te m Ge ri Kazan m :
Bu d e yi m, artl an s uyun , me mbran ze ri n e pompal an an gi ri s uyu y zd e s i i l e tan ml an mas d r.
M ate mati k s e l ol arak aad ak i gi bi fad e e d i l i r.
A rtl m Su De bi s i x 100
Gi ri Suyu De bi s i
Ge ri k azan m, gi d e r (s al amura) ak n n bi r van a ve ya ori fi s k ul l an arak k s l mas ya ve ya pompal ama
i l e ayarl an r.
Ge ri Kazan m arttn d a, me mbran y ze yi n d e tuz k on s e n tras yon u artar ve bun l arn d k l me ol as l
be l i ri r, Ayrca artm s uyu k al i te s i azal r. Di e r tarafd an gi d e re atl an s al amura azal acan d an ,
s i s te md e e k on omi s al an r,
Ge n e l ol arak , y k s e k d e bi ' d e artl m s u s te n d i i n d e , ge ri k azan m' m arttrl mas ge re k i r ve s u
artm amal te s i s l e rd e % 8 5' e k ad ar k arl r.
U ygul an an Bas n :
Pompa bas n cn n artl mas yl a, artm s uyu d e bi s i d oru oran tl artar, M e mbramn y z y ze k al d
ge re k bas n i s e yl e i fad e e d i l i r,
Pd = Pompa Bas n c - Os mati k Bas n - Kar Bas n
Y k s e k TDS
1
e s ah i p gi ri s ul arn , rn e i n d e n i z s ul arn ' m tuzd an arn d rl mas n gz n n e al rs ak ,
pompa bas n l arn n 55-70 Bar aras n d a ol mas ge re k me k te d i r.
Ge n e l d e pompa bas n l ar TFC me mbran l ar i i n 15 bar, Se l l ozi k me mbran l ar i i n 25 ar ci varn d ad r.
I I . ULUSAL TESSAT M HENDSL KONGRES VE SERGS 6 9 2
M e mbran A yrma Kapas i te s i :
Ks a ol arak , mambran ' m s ud ak i mi n e ral ve tuzl ar ayrma k abi l i ye ti d r.Y zd e ol arak gs te ri l i r,
% A yrma = Gi ri Suyu TDS - A rtm Suyu TDS x 100
Gi ri Suyu TDS
M e mbran tarafn d an ayri l amayan ve artl m s u tarafn a ge e n tuzl ar i s e aad ak i e k i l d e fad e
e d i l i r.
Y zd e Pas aj 100 - % A yrm
e k i l : 6 ' d a br RO s i s te mi n d e b t n ak l ar e mati k ol arak gs te ri l me k te d i r
S S TE M M HE N DS L
Bi r RO s i s te m d i zayn i i n ge re k l i d ata aad ak i gi bi d i r,
- Gi ri Suyu Kal i te s i
- s te n e n A rtl m Su Kal i te s i
- s te n e n s u M i k tar
Gi ri S uyu Kal i te s i :
S i s te m d i zayn n d a, e mn i ye tl i ol mas i i n , gi ri s uyu an al i zl e ri n d e e n k t d urum gz n n e al n r.
A n al i zl e ri n b t n parame tre l e ri i e rme s i ve s al k l l ml e rl e yapl mas ge re k i r.
Ayrca e n uygun s uyun s e i mi i i n e l d e k i b t n s ul arn an al i zl e ri n i n yapl mas fayd al d r.
Dah a n ce be l i rti l d i i gi bi , me mbran s i s te m pe rforman s n e tk i l e ye n baz i yon i k k on tami n an tl ar
yard r.A yrca, h e r s u k ayn a i i n mi n i mum s u s cak l n n be l i rl e n me s i ge re k i r,
s te n e n A rs fl m S u Kal i te s i :
Ee r l k e apn d a ve ya ul us l araras bi r s tan d art vars a, bu, k al i te h e d e fi n i ol d uk a k ol ayl atrr.
A k s i tak ti rd e , k ul l an m amal an be l i rl e yi ci fak tr ol acak tr
N. ULUSAL TESSAT MHENDSL KONGRES VE SERGS .
6 9 3
_
s te n e n S u M i k tar :
Ks a ve uzun vad e l i s u mi k tarl arn n d i k k ate al n mas n e ml i d i r. M ak s i mum ve ya n gr l e n k ul l an m
mi k tarl ar' n n gz n n e al n mas ge re k i r. Bu bal amd a, g n l k , h aftal k , s u k ul l an ml ar s z
k on us ud ur,
Bu al ma, ayrca, RO s i s te mi
1
n i n mi n i mum artm k apas i te s i
1
d e be l i rl e n me l i d i r.
A varaj s aatl i k d e bl e r, d e po ve d atm e be k e s i n i be l i rl e r.RO s i s te ml e ri Pi k d e bye gre d i zayn
e d i l me zl e r, 24 s aatl i k g n n , 20 s aati al yor k abul e d i l i rl e r.
De po k ul l an l d n d a, s e vi ye al te rl e ri , RO s i s te mi n i n m mk n ol d uu k ad ar uzun al mas n
s al ayacak e k i l d e d i zayn e d i l me l i d i r, RO pompal ar s k s k d e vre ye gi ri p k mamal d r,
U YGU L A M A L A R
me S uyu :
me s uyu k al i te s i ul us l araras s tan d artl arl a be l i rl e n mi ve bu s tan d artl ar bi r oM Jk e tarafn d an k abul
e d i l mi ti r.
D n ya Sal k Te k i l at (WHO) i me s uyu s tan d ard n d a EPA' d a (E n vi ron me n tal Pro te cti on Age n cy
of USA) ol d uu gi bi , m s aad e e d i l e n e n y k s e k TDS 500 ppm (mg/l t)
!
d i r. Tuzl u s u artm yapan bi r
RO s i s te mi n d e bu k al i te n i n e l d e e d i l e bi l me s i , gi ri s uyu ve bun a bal s e i l e ce k s i s te m artl arn a
bal d r.
WQA (Wate r Qual i ty As s oci ati on ), gi ri s ul arn TDS d e e rl e ri n e gre aad ak i e k i l d e
s n fl amak tad r.
S.u. T i pi . TDS (mg/l t)
Ge n e l Kul l an m Suyu <1000
Tuzl u Kuyu Suyu 1000 - 5000
ok Tuzl u Kuyu S uyu 5000 **15000
Tuzl u S u 15000-30000
De n i z Suyu 30000 - 40000
S al amura 40000 - 300000 +
De n i z s ul ar, A tl an ti k Ok yan us u TDS
1
i 35.000 l l rk e n Kzl De n i z' d e bu d e e r 50.000' i
bul mak tad r,
Karad e n i z TDS
f
i bu d e e rl e ri n ok al tn d a ol d uun d an , zaman zaman s tan bul ' a s u te mi n e d e n baraj
ve gl l e r' i n bu s uyl a be s l e n me s i g n d e me ge ti ri l mi ti r
Dah a n ce be l i rti l d i i gi bi , bu tuzl ul uk ta 55-70 bar aras n d a os moti k pompa bas n l ar ge re k me k te d i r.
e k i l : 7 ti pi k bi r i me s uyu RO s i s te mi n i e mati k ol arak gs te rme k te d i r,
I I . ULUSAL TESSAT M HENDSL KONGRES VE SERGS 6 9 4-
A yrca, M al ta ad as n a me s uyu te mi n e d e n s i s te ml e r h ak k n d a ge n e l bi l gi pe rd e ' d e proje k s i yon ' l a
ve ri l me k te d i r.
Bu rn e k l e r' d e d e n i zd e n tuzl u s uyu d orud an al an te s i s l e , tuzl u k uyu s uyu k ul l an an te s i s aras n d ak i
fark l ar mal i ye t as n d an k yas l an abi l me k te d i r.
He mod i yal i z S uyu :
Bu s e k tr, bal an gtan be ri RO s i s te ml e ri ' n i n e n ok k ul l an l an bi ri ol mu ve bbre k h as tal arn a
h ayat ve rmi ti r.
s e k trd e , zaman zaman k ul l an l an d i e r artma yn te ml e ri
1
n i n ze l l i k l e s ul arn ok k l orl u ol d uu
vak a' l ard a bbre k h as tal arn a zarar ve rme s i h atta l ml e re n e d e n ol mas , bu al an d a RO
s i s te ml e ri n i n k ul l an mn d a s tan d artl amas n a n e d e n ol mutur
e k i l : 8 ' d e i k i ad e t ti pi k h e mod i yal i z s i s te m d i zayn gr l me k te d i r.
Es k i d e n be ri k ul l an l mak ta ol an d e i yon i zas yon s i s te ml e ri n i n bak te ri re tme ri s k i n e k ar RO s i s te ml e ri
s on yl l ard a e czacl k s an ayi n d e ge n i l d e k ul l an l maya bal an mtr
Gd a ve M e rubat S an ayi i :
l k e mi zd e s on yl l ard a, bi racl k ve me rubat s an ayi n d e , s t e n d s tri s i n d e RO s i s te ml e ri
k ul l an l mak tad r.
E vl e rd e :
G n m zd e , pak e t h al i n d e , k k , mutfak te zgah l ar al tn d a mon te e d i l e bi l e n RO ci h azl ar
re ti l me k te ve cazi p fi yatl arl a s atl mak tad r. Bun l arn k ul l an m e vl e rd e , s uyu tuzl u ol an tati l
yre l e ri n d e , k e n tl e rd e , b y k e h i rl e rd e gi d e re k artmak tad r.
KA YN A KA
-Tuzl u Su artma Re ve rs e Os mos (RO) Te k n ol oji s i Te s i s at M h e n d i s l i i De rgi s i Hazi ran 19 9 3
-De s i gn i n g G/1 RO Sys te ms , by Pe te r S.Cas twri gh t, FM, Wate r Con d i ti on i n g & Puri fi cati on ,
Se pte mbe r 19 9 4
-Fre s h Wate r for M al ta, Du Pon t,
L ULUSAL TESSAT M HENDSL KONGRES VE SERGS 695
ZGE M
19 6 3
1
d e bug n k Yl d z n i ve rs i te s i M ak i n a M h e n d i s l i i bl m n d e n me zun ol d u, Dah a s on ra
19 6 7-6 8 d n e mi n d e k ope n h ag Te k n i k n i ve rs i te s i n ' d e Te s i s at M h e n d i s l i i Kon ul arn d a aratrma
ve i h ti s as pgograml arn a k atl d .
19 6 8 -19 74 yl l arn d a, Dan i mark a, Norve , n gi l i z m h e n d i s l i k fi rmal arn d a proje m h e n d i s i ol arak
al t,
19 75-19 8 6 yl l arn d a, Kuve yt
1
d e KEO (Kuwai ti En gi n e e r
1
s Offi ce ) fi rmas n d a Te s i s at ve yan gn
m h e n d i s l i i Bl m e fi ol arak al t,
19 8 4' d e s vi re ' d e I FPE M V , 19 8 9
1
d a Kan ad a
1
d a IFPEI-V Ul us l araras Yan gn M h e n d i s l e ri
En s ti t s e i ti ml e ri n e k atl d .
19 8 7' d e A n tal ya
1
d a"NVERSAL M HENDl SLK"fi rmas m k urd u, h al e n bu fi rman n yn e ti ci s i ol arak
al mak tad r.
E vl i ve i k i ocuk babas d r.