WHATS THE MATTER WITH

BUBBLES?
CHAPTER 3 NATURAL
WORLD

OBJECTIVE FOR CH 3
WHEN YOU ADDED HCL TO SHELL, YOU CREATED A GAS.

THE OBJECTIVE IS TO BE ABLE TO PROVE THAT THE GAS

PRODUCED WITH SHELL AND HCL IS MATTER.

YOU WILL ALSO BE PROVING THE LAW OF CONSERVATION

OF MASS. THIS LAW STATES THAT MATTER IS NEITHER
CREATED NOR DESTROYED IN A CHEMICAL REACTION.

MATTER

MATTER IS DEFINED AS
ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS
AND TAKES UP SPACE.
MATTER IS WHAT ALL THINGS ARE MADE OF. ALL MATTER
HAS THE GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MASS, WEIGHT,
VOLUME, AND DENSITY.

SPECIAL VS. GENERAL

PROPERTIES
SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER ARE USED TO
DIFFERENTIATE ONE TYPE OF MATTER FROM ANOTHER.
THESE INCLUDE COLOR, ODOR, SIZE, SHAPE, TEXTURE,
AND HARDNESS.

GENERAL PROPERTIES DESCRIBE THE SIMILARITIES OF

MATTER. GENERAL PROPERTIES INCLUDE MASS, WEIGHT,
VOLUME, AND DENSITY.

LAB RESULTS

The first thing you did was to put HCl and shell in a plastic
bag and then weigh it. My stuff weighed a total of 107.2
grams BEFORE MIXING.

The bag inflated = Volume!!!!

107.2 grams!!!!!

Notice that AFTER the shell and HCl were mixed the mass
is UNCHANGED. This is significant as it indicates that
there is NO LOSS OF MASS. Therefore, there is no loss
of atoms. This is an example of THE LAW OF
CONSERVATION OF MASS.

BUT MR. D, WE DIDNT GET THAT!!

THAT WOULD BE BECAUSE MANY OF YOU, HOW SHALL WE
SAY IT, LACK CERTAIN LAB SKILLS. YOUR BAG MAY HAVE
LEAKED, YOU HAD HALF THE BAG HANGING OFF THE
SCALE, YOU ARE A TEENAGER. REGARDLESS, YOU
SHOULD HAVE HAD THE MASS BEFORE MIXING EQUAL
THE MASS AFTER MIXING. ATOMS ARE NOT CREATED OR
DESTROYED, SO NO CHANGE IN MASS SHOULD HAVE
OCCURRED UNTIL YOU PUNCTURED THE BAG.

THE SHELL AND HCL WERE ALLOWED TO MIX IN THE BAG ON

THE BALANCE. YOU SHOULD HAVE NOTICED NO CHANGE
IN THE MASS UNTIL YOU POPPED THE BAG. YOU THEN
POPPED THE BAG AND RELEASED THE GAS. HERE, I HAD A
LOSS OF 2.4 GRAMS. THIS PROVES THE GAS HAS MASS.

WE GOT LESS BEFORE WE

POPPED!!
THIS IS POSSIBLE FOR TWO REASONS:
1. YOU MIGHT NOT HAVE WEIGHED YOUR BAG WITH THE
TWIST TIE.

2. YOUR TWIST TIE MIGHT NOT HAVE BEEN ON TIGHT

ENOUGH AND YOU HAD A LEAK OF GAS FROM YOUR BAG. IF
THIS HAPPENED, THIS IS OK, YOU STILL SHOWED A LOSS OF
MASS. YOU PROBABLY WOULD HAVE NOTICED A LEAK IF
YOU NOTICED AN ODOR.

RESULTS
SO YOU SHOULD HAVE NOTICED MANY THINGS.
1.

THE MASS OF YOUR BAG PLUS SHELL SHOULD HAVE

WEIGHED THE SAME AS THE MASS OF YOUR
CHEMICALS THAT WERE MIXED TOGETHER. THAT
VERIFIES THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS.

2.

THE BAG INFLATED = VOLUME

3.

YOU POPPED THE BAG AND THE MASS DECREASED =

THE GAS HAS MASS.

4.

THEREFORE, SINCE THE GAS HAS BOTH MASS AND

VOLUME, IT MUST HAVE MATTER (ATOMS).

REVIEW
WHAT DID YOU SEE?
WELL, FOR ONE, YOU SAW A BAG INFLATE WHEN YOU
ADDED SHELL TO HCL. THIS MEANS THAT YOUR GAS
PRODUCED VOLUME. THAT IS ONE OF THE CRITERIA FOR
MATTER. ALL MATTER HAS MASS AND VOLUME, TWO
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER, REMEMBER?

REVIEW
THE SECOND THING THAT YOU DID WAS YOU MASSED THE
BAG AND THE GAS TOGETHER. YOU GOT A MASS. THEN
YOU POPPED THE BAG. THE GAS LEFT (IT SMELLED BAD
TOO) AND THE MASS DECREASED BY 2-4 GRAMS.
THIS SHOWED THAT THE GAS HAD MASS. THE SECOND
THING YOU NEEDED TO SHOW. SO, IT IS MATTER SINCE IT
HAS MASS AND VOLUME.

ATOMS
SINCE YOUR GAS HAD MASS AND VOLUME, IT IS MATTER,
AND ALL MATTER HAS ATOMS.

THIS IS PART OF THE MODEL WE ARE CREATING, THE

PARTICLE MODEL FOR MATTER, WHICH STATES THAT ALL
MATTER IS COMPOSED OF TINY MOVING PARTICLES
CALLED ATOMS.

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
MASS
Lets imagine the chemicals in this way-using a MODEL. If
the two chemicals are represented as Acid two green atoms
and shell the black, red and yellow atoms, total we have
FIVE atoms. So here, the mass would be FIVE.

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
MASS
Now, when a chemical reaction occurs, the atoms separate
and recombine in a new way to make new matter, like the
gas. Notice the acid, which was two green atoms is now a
yellow and green atom. This is now the GAS. Since we still
have FIVE ATOMS in the bag, the mass is unchanged at 5.

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
MASS
If however, we POP the bag, the gas atoms are free to leave
the bag. This would leave only the one substance of three
atoms. The MASS NOW DECREASES, AND IS THREE.
Since we lost mass, the gas had to have mass.

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
MASS
SHELL + HCL GAS
A CHEMICAL REACTION WAS TAKING PLACE. YOU
KNOW THIS TO BE TRUE AS NEW MATTER WAS
FORMED (THE GAS IS DIFFERENT FROM THE SHELL
OR THE HCL). THE MASS OF THE SUBSTANCES IS
THE SAME BEFORE YOU MIXED THEM AND AFTER
THE SUBSTANCES FORMED. THE MASS DID NOT
CHANGE UNTIL THE BAG WAS POPPED AND THE GAS
WAS RELEASED.

IN ANY CHEMICAL REACTION, MATTER IS NEVER CREATED

OR DESTROYED. ATOMS MERELY REARRANGE TO MAKE
NEW TYPES OF MATTER. IN THIS CASE, THE NEW MATTER
FORMED WAS A GAS.

THIS IS ILLUSTRATED USING THE LETTERS AS

SHOWN BELOW.

AB + CD AD + CB
HERE YOU CAN SEE THAT IF EACH OF THE
LETTERS HAD THE SAME MASS THE
TOTAL MASS IS CONSTANT, 4, SINCE THE
ONLY THING THAT HAPPENED IS THAT THE
ATOMS SEPARATED AND REARRANGED
TO MAKE NEW THINGS.

MASS, WEIGHT, WHATS THE

DIFFERENCE?
FOR ALL INTENTS AND PURPOSES, FOR
MOST PEOPLE, THEY ARE THE SAME,
HOWEVER, TECHNICALLY, THEY ARE
VERY DIFFERENT THINGS. MASS IS WHAT
THINGS ARE MADE OF, AND THIS DOES
NOT CHANGE UNLESS YOU PHYSICALLY
ALTER IT. MASS IS YOUR ATOMS.

MASS
WHEN YOU GO UP AND DOWN STAIRS, YOUR MASS IS THE
SAME AS YOU ARE NOT CHANGING. WHAT IS CHANGING IS
YOUR WEIGHT. IN FACT, YOUR WEIGHT CHANGES
RELATIVE TO YOUR LOCATION ON THE EARTH. IF YOU
WANT TO LOSE WEIGHT QUICKLY, GO TO A MOUNTAIN TOP.

WEIGHT
KEY CONCEPT:
WEIGHT, HOWEVER, IS A FUNCTION OF GRAVITY. AN
OBJECT MAY HAVE THE SAME MASS YET HAVE DIFFERENT
WEIGHTS DEPENDING ON WHERE IT IS WEIGHED. WEIGHT
IS AFFECTED BY THREE THINGS AND THESE ARE LISTED
ON THE NEXT SLIDE.

WEIGHT
THREE THINGS DETERMINE THE
WEIGHT OF AN OBJECT:
A. THE MASS OF THE OBJECT
B. THE MASS OF THE PLANET
C. THE DISTANCE FROM THE
CENTER OF THE OBJECT TO THE
CENTER OF THE PLANET.
CHANGE ANY OF THESE AND YOU
CHANGE THE WEIGHT OF THE

BALANCES
YOU WILL NOTICE THAT IN SCIENCE CLASSES WE MEASURE
MASS SINCE WE USE A BALANCE. A BATHROOM SCALE,
FOR INSTANCE, MEASURES WEIGHT. IT HAS A SPRING
AND IS DEPENDENT ON LOCATION. A BALANCE WILL GIVE
YOU THE SAME MASS REGARDLESS OF WHERE YOU
MASS THE OBJECT. SO IN CLASS, TECHNICALLY WE
MASS AN OBJECT, WE DONT WEIGH IT.

MOVE YOUR MASS

SINCE WEIGHT IS DEPENDANT UPON YOUR LOCATION, YOU
TECHNICALLY GAIN WEIGHT BY SIMPLY GOING FROM THE
THIRD FLOOR TO THE FIRST FLOOR TO GO TO LUNCH.
WANT TO LOSE WEIGHT? GO TO THE TOP OF A TALL
BUILDING. THE FARTHER AWAY FROM THE CENTER OF
THE EARTH YOU GO, THE LESS YOU WEIGH. EVENTUALLY,
YOU WILL BE WEIGHTLESS.

SO, WHAT SEEMED LIKE A SIMPLE LAB ACTUALLY COVERED A

LOT OF COMPLEX CONCEPTS.
MATTER
MASS
VOLUME
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
WEIGHT

BE SURE YOU CAN EXPLAIN ALL OF THESE THINGS.

START STUDYING.
IF YOU FAIL TO PREPARE, PREPARE TO FAIL.