Babur 1526 1530

First Mughal emperor

Born on the 14th of February in 1483 and died in 1530
Ruled for 81 years
Direct descendant of Timur through his father, and also a descendant of Genghis Khan through his
mother
Great scholar
Knew Persian and Turkish
Improved social conditions
Was the most interesting figure of his time born a leader and was a great empire builder
Was in control from the Himalayas in the north to Gawalayath in the South
Struggled for glory all his life,
Communities were divided at the time (Muslim/Hindu)
Collaboration between them was a problem
Muslims: dominant, followed Islam and the Quran
Hindus: divided into casts, poverty
Practice of Sati was changed (Hindu widow sacrifices herself on her husband's funeral fire to honor him
and as a final act of loyalty and devotion)
More womens rights were also developed
Overall India was doing economically well and was agriculturally based
Lost Farghana and had to live on the streets for some time after that
Five expeditions
He turned towards India in his first expedition
Occupied Lahore in 1524 in his fourth expedition
Defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the Battle of Panipat which was in Panipat in his fifth expedition
Lodis military power was completely destroyed
Took over Panipat along with other countries
Battle with Rajputs in in 1526

Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur, also known as Babur (a nickname given to him because of his attitude
shown in battles), was the first Mughal Emperor. He was born on 14 February 1483 and died on 26
December 1530.
He was a direct descendant of Timur through his father, and also a descendant of Genghis Khan through
his mother.
He attained his first power position at the age of 41 on 30 April 1526.
Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi 1526 near the small village of Panipat, India on the 21rst of April in 1526.
Babur is said to have been born extremely strong and physically fit. Legend says that he was so strong
that he could carry two men, one on each of his shoulder, and exercise at the same time, and that Babur
swan across every major river he came across.
The first Mughal emperor, Babur, enjoyed horseback riding, archery, swimming and literature.

Hamayun 1530 1556

AKA Nasir-ud-din Mohammad Humayun

Succeeded his father (Babur) after his death in 1530
Second Mughal emperor
Eldest son
Had three more brothers
Born in Kabul in 1508
Was very fortunate as his father made arrangements for him
Spoke Turkish, Arabic, and another language
Came to power at 20 years old after his father died
Took part in his fathers battles with him
Baburs people didnt like him due to his addiction to opium
Disappointment as a ruler

Conspiracy was being placed against him, but never took place
Sent to Aghra instead
He had to go through a lot of difficulties as a ruler internal and external
Nasir ud-din Muhammad Humayun, commonly known as Humayun, was born on 7 March 1508 AD and
died on 17 January 1556 AD at the age of 48.
He was the second Mughal Emperor who ruled over territory in what is now Afghanistan, Pakistan, and
parts of northern India from 15311540 and again from 15551556.
Humayun succeeded his father in 1531, as ruler of the Mughal territories in India at the age of 23.
He did not have any experience.
Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early.
At the time of his death in 1556, the Mughal Empire spanned almost one million square kilometers.

(Akbar 1556-1605)

Akbar, also known as Akbar the Great or Akbar I, was born on the 14 October in 1542 and died on the
27 October in 1605 at the age of 63.
He was the emperor from 1556 until his death.
He was the third and one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Dynasty in India.
Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, after his death.
He was very successful overall, and had a very strong personality.
Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include nearly all of the Indian Subcontinent north of
the Godavari River.
His power and influence extended over the entire country as well.
He reformed and strengthened his central administration and also centralized his financial system and
reorganized tax collection processes.
He had an appreciation for arts, and tolerated other religions.

The Great Jehangir (1605-1627)

 Nur-ud-din Mohammad Salim, commonly known as Jehangir, was the fourth Mughal Emperor who
ruled from 1605 until his death in 1627 at the age of 58.

Jahangir was the eldest surviving son of Mughal Emperor Akbar and was declared successor to his
father from an early age.

Jahangir built on his father's foundations of excellent administration, and his reign was characterized by
political stability, a strong economy and impressive cultural achievements.

Jahangir was fascinated with art, science and, architecture.

He was much criticized for his addiction to alcohol, opium, and women
Shah Jehan (1627-1658)

Also known as Shahabuddin Muhammad Shah Jahan, was born on the 5 of January in 1592 and died on
the 22 of January in 1666 at the age of 74.
He was Jahanagirs son, and also the fifth Mughal emperor of India.

He was chosen to take over after the death of his father.

He was a pious Muslim.
During Shah Jahans reign, the glory and luxury of the Mughal Empire reached its height as many
monuments like the Taj Mahal were built.
Shah Jahns reign was also known for successes against the Deccan states.
His younger son, Aurangzeb, eventually overthrew him.

Aurangzeb (1658-1707) <The Paragon of Stability> The Master Builder

Abul Muzaffar Muhi-ud-Din Mohammad bin Aurangzeb, also commonly known as Alamgir, was the
sixth Mughal Emperor, and he ruled over most of the Indian Subcontinent for 49 years from 1658 until
his death in 1707.
Aurangzeb was a strong and effective ruler.
He was also very conservative and religious.
He focused on affairs happening within India only.
During his reign, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent and expanded more than 3.2 million
square kilometers.
After his death, the great period of the Mughal Empire came to an end aftrt declining rapidly.