Robinson

Josh Robinson
ENG 1010/Kilpatrick
Final Project
12/08/2014
Annotated Bibliography
Diamond, Dan. President Obama Puts NCAA on Notice: Protect Your Student Athletes.
Forbe.s forbes.com/sites/dandiamond/2013/01/27/president-obama-puts-ncaa-on-noticeprotect-your-student-athletes/ 27 January 2013. Accessed 21 October 2014
News
In the article, President Obama Puts NCAA on Notice: Protect Your Student Athletes, author
Dan Diamond addresses the comments made by President Obama concerning the health safety of
collegiate student athletes. He argues that college football needs to be made much safer. By
referring to an interview where President Obama discussed hypothetically whether he would
allow a son to play football, he shows that the safety of the sport is in Jeopardy. He argues that
while certain rules have been put into place there seems to be no consequence for not following
such rules. In another statement, according to Dan, the President questioned if the NCAA was
doing enough to protect the students future interests which caused a media frenzy within the
sporting community. He addresses the sub-standard safety efforts that have taken place. He
explains that the NCAA has made it the schools responsibility to monitor player safety because
of the legal culpability. He discusses that the President has real power, yet cannot write a bill to
just fix the problem. He suggests that President Obama could make a few more nudges to
address the issue.
The author Dan Diamond is the executive editor of the Advisory Boards Daily Briefing, a
popular health care newsletter. In addition he also writes for ESPNs TrueHoop network. In
addition I found the article on Forbes.com, a very popular and credited website. Also, as the title
informs, the source for most of the information comes from the President of the United States- I
would consider that to be a pretty decent source. Obviously that is going to tie in to Ethos. Some
of the quotations used by the author could also be considered as Kairos, because they touch on

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what I would consider as shared-values by asking us if we would allow our children to

participate in this sport. In the article the author also quotes a couple other sources such as Bill
Simmons- writer and analyst for ESPN and ABC.
This article is important to my project, because it helps to show why college athletes are being
exploited. It shows that the NCAA is not invested in protecting the athletes future interests. Not
only do I feel they are being financially exploited, but their physical health as well. This article
helped me to see that the range of those involved goes much higher than I anticipated- i.e. the
President of the United States.

Higginbotham, Gerald D. "Free Play: Unmasking and Ending the Exploitation of NCAA Student
Athletes." Student Pulse 3.07 (2011). studentpulse.com/a?id=552 web 24 Oct. 2014
Academic/Opinion
In the article, Free Play: Unmasking and Ending the exploitation of NCAA Student Athletes,
Author Gerald Higginbotham argues that it is the system that is flawed. He discusses specific
cases of former college athletes and universities who are targets of investigation due to alleged
rules violations. He argues that the organization of the NCAA was to protect student athletes, but
times have changed and the athletes are now a part of a multi-billion dollar industry. Insisting
that most of the collegiate student athletes did not actually go to college to receive education,
Gerald argues they go to college to further their sports careers. He argues that if student athletes
are going to be help to professional standards they should compensated in the same fashion. He
proposes that a minor-league be instituted so that the athletes who are solely looking to further
their sporting career would have a way to do so. He argues that it has mostly come down to an
issue of money. He claims that college athletes have become professional because in a way they
are already being compensated for their services in the form of a scholarship. He concludes by
explaining that by instituting minor leagues that no side would suffer a loss financially, it would
just allow athletes to appropriately pursue their interests.
I found this to be reliable because the author completed extensive and reliable research while
producing this article. Even though the article came from studentpulse.com, self-titled the

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international student journal- and that anyone can submit their articles without being a credited
source; it is still an academic paper with excellent sources. The website is dedicated to
publishing work of university students, but does not specifically have a stake in the topic at hand.
But the author graduated with a degree in Psychology from Stanford University. Much of the
information given from the author ties in well with what he is arguing. He tries to use logos by
presenting information and hoping that the reader will say, oh, that makes sense. In addition,
he uses Kairos by showing that this is a problem that did not exist when the NCAA was
established- times have changed. This is a very important aspect of my research project.
My thinking about this topic was affected by this article by showing me that for those athletes
that are looking at college as a pursuit to the next step in their sporting career there are multiple
problems. The reality is that College Sports has become a multi-billion dollar cash cow and those
athletes being treated as professionals, should be compensated as professionals. The authors
proposal to institute minor leagues for those athletes that are strictly looking to further their
sporting career is simply unrealistic and frankly impossible. If he thinks that revenue would not
change for the schools, he is sorely mistaken, but is spot on that their does need to be a change.

Sharp, Adam. Adam Silver, College Basketball, and Two Problems With One Solution.
Grantland.com (2014) web 21, Oct. 2014
Opinion
In the article, Adam Silver, College Basketball, and Two Problems with One Solution, author Adam
Sharp addresses the issue of student athletes being unfairly compensated by the NCAA. Sharp Argues
that the contracts between the student athletes and their institutions are unfair and illegally restrictive. He
continues his argument on behalf of the players by stating that a scholarship is no longer fair
compensation. He provides financial information to show that students are being unfairly compensated.

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One of his main arguments includes that a scholarship is in all actuality a coupon for schooling and not
actual dollars. Much of Sharps article is geared towards change of the current system, proving infact that
the current system is in fact flawed. Sharp discusses how the change of the age limit that should be
required for student athletes to be drafted into the NBA is inevitably going to change, and that more
change should follow.
Throughout this article Adam Sharp appeals to our emotions through using examples of how America
falls in love with March Madness and in doing uses pathos. The topic at hand in general has ties to
Kairos, because the discussion was not a topic even 20 years ago. With the advancement in media and
popularity of the sport, we have arrived at a crossroads of amateurism and professionalism. The author
uses ethos by citing credible sources and by also writing for Grantland- sister company to ESPN- The
worldwide leader in sports. Adam Sharp is unique in the fact that he has worked with some of the Sports
elite athletes. He has access where others might not.
This article was very helpful to my project. The main arguments that I will use to tie in to my project are
the fact that a scholarship is only a coupon and because of his connection to the elite athletes he has
opinions that other authors do not. He mainly affected my thinking of the project by giving me a
perspective of the athlete.

Sherman, Ed. No pay for college players: Scholarship more than enough for playing a game.
Shermanreport.com (2013) web 18, Nov. 2014
Opinion(Critic)

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In the article, No pay for college players: Scholarship more than enough for playing a game author Ed
Sherman argues that not only should we not pay student athletes, but that it would just lead to lawsuits.
He argues that if you are going to pay the star quarterback that you will also have to pay the female cross
country runner. His article is directed at debunking some of the common myths that exist in todays
society. One of those myths, according to Sherman, is that college athletic departments are rolling in cash.
He argues that the opposite is true. The other myth that Sherman addresses is that they could only pay the
football and basketball stars. He argues that a $40,000 per year compensation is plenty of payment.
This is a great critical article on the topic at hand. You can almost feel the emotion coming from
Shermans arguments. What makes this article even more intriguing is the fact that Sherman is an
accredited Journalist. He has been a journalist since 1981. He has covered many elite athletes over the
years. In addition he is the author of two published books. He was also cited twice in the Associated Press
Sports Editors contest. So, his use of Ethos is very prevalent. As are all of my articles, this article too
appeals to Kairos because of the recent nature of the topic at hand. Even 20 years ago we were not even
thinking about paying student athletes. Sherman also appeals to pathos and our emotion by asking us to
consider for a moment our own children and wishing that they were athletic enough to receive a
scholarship.
This article will be important to my project because it is one that actually argues for not paying student
athletes. The author makes several good points, but through my additional research will play perfectly
into my argument. Sherman did help me realize that this argument is not strictly one sided.

Sprowl, Brian. Are Student Athletes Being Exploiting? Manofthehourmag.com

manofthehourmag.com/mh-feature-august-2012 web n.d. 28 Oct. 2014
Opinion

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In the article, Are Student Athletes Being Exploited?, author Brian Sprowl enters the ongoing
discussion of whether or no Student Athletes are being exploited. He argues that schools are bringing in
exuberant amounts of money, and the student athletes dont partake in any of it. He argues that if it
werent for those student athletes the schools and companies would not benefit from the billions of dollars
that come from the industry. He argues that it is only right that the student-athletes should reap some of
the benefits. He acknowledges that there are arguments for both sides; those in favor say that is only fair
that they participate in the money they are helping to bring in, while those not in favor say that they are
receiving benefits-i.e. scholarships. He argues that college is a privilege and student athletes receive more
privileges than regular students. Ultimately, he believes that student-athletes should receive a monthly
check to help with living expenses.
I found this article not reliable because the author basically gave his opinion on the matter. I have
never heard of the website. In addition, I tried to find more information about the author and was not able
to do so. The author tries to appeal to pathos and our shared values by stating that it is only fair. In
addition, the article also touches on the cords of logos, stating that it is only logical to pay the athletes a
portion of the money that they help to raise. The topic at hand deals with Kairos, because it wasnt until
recent history that we began to discuss the topic at hand.
This article was not extremely helpful for my project, but does bring in an opinion of someone
who feels that something has to be done. He does include some good facts from other sources showing
the amount of student athletes who actually make it to professional levels. This could be important,
because maybe we, as a society, are focusing on the wrong aspect of student-athletes- maybe we need to
focus more on the student part and less on the athlete part. The article helps to point out that we have a
society that is somewhat backwards- something I might think about addressing in my project.

Staurowsky, Ellen J. How Colleges Exploit Student Athletes. Theatlantic.com (2014) web 31, Oct.
2014
News/Opinion
In the article, How Colleges Exploit Student Athletes, author Ellen Staurowsky argues that the
landscape of college athletics has a similar appearance to that of a plantation. She argues that college

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athletics shares similar patterns of colonialism. She continues her article by stating that millionaire
coaches get the benefit of being represented by an agent who knows how to negotiate favorable terms for
their clients; whereas the student athletes not only forfeit that luxury, but legally cant be represented by
an agent. Staurowskys argument is that student athletes can have their scholarships removed for a variety
of reasons such as injury, poor performance, etc. is more that unfair- it is unethical. She feels the power of
the system is flawed and unbalanced.
In this article there are big appeals to ethos and logos. Author Ellen Staurowsky is a professor in Drexel
Universitys department of Sports Management. She is a powerful expert because she is also
internationally recognized as an expert on social justice issues in sport which includes exploitation of
athletes. Her arguments appeal to logos because they are very simplistic in nature and make sense; such as
the argument of the athletes not being able to obtain representation from sports agents. She also appeals to
our emotions by touching those oh so sensitive cords of similarities of slavery amongst college athletics.
This is the shortest, yet most powerful article I found. Not only does author Ellen Staurowsky appeal to
Ethos, Kairos, Pathos, and logos, but she also brings a unique view that is strong to the core. I can use this
article and her arguments in many places throughout the paper. The fact that she backs up her claims is
crucial to my paper. Her relating the plantations to the college sports landscape is very beneficial to me in
writing my paper.