DNA fingerprinting is the analysis of DNA from organic samples in order to identify individuals or

groups of species. DNA fingerprinting is also called DNA typing, and it was invented in 1984 by a British
man named Alec Jeffreys. Alec noticed that DNA has multpile sequences that are repeated throughout
the gene. He ended up determining that each individual has a very unique pattern to these repetitions in
DNA and could be used and applied to forensic science.
The first thing that we need to do is to create the Gel. The list of materials that we need are
podwered Agrose, buffer, flask, microwave, gel mold, and gel comb. We first set up our flask and
measured out our powdered Agrose. We then measured 10ml of buffer. We mixed the 2 ingredients
into our flask and heated it until it became clear. We then poured our solution into the gel mold and
placed the gel comb in the appropriate place. We waited for it to cool off. Once cooled we placed the
DNA in each individual hole to separate the DNA appropriatly. Then we set up our gel apparatus and
placed the gel mold into it. We then sumerged the gel with more buffer slowly. We turned on the
electric current to allow the electricity to push the DNA towards the negative side of the apparatus so
we can get out final product.
What we did is different from other REAL gel electrophoresis because we did not use real DNA.
We had to skip a good amount of steps because of this. Using real DNA we would have had to get
multiple samples of the original DNA and separate each one with different enzymes. This process
wouldve taken longer from what we did since we had fake DNA. Using real DNA once the gel
electrophoresis was done we would need to require the use of x-rays to actually be able to see the DNA
since it is reallty small. DNA is invisible to the naked eye.
The advantages of gel electrophoresis is that we are allowed to determine and solve crimes with
DNA. It allows us to match the unique DNA samples of each person to get a match. Since we all have a
very unique sequence of DNA that are repeated a certain amount of time, it is unque to everybody
which makes this a very successful method. However, when it comes to identical twins who were born
from a single zygote. The pattern is very very similar which renders this method useless.
Nanopore technology is a brand new method which if being studied at MIT tech. Nanoporebased DNA sequencing involves threading single DNA strands through tiny pores in a membrane.The
process matches up the bases. The bases are identified by measuring differences in their effect on ions
and electrical current flowing through the pore. The advantages to this method are that it could be done
a lot quicker, and in real time. This would also imporves somebodys visit to the clinic since it would bring
down the cost of having a test done for any type of disease or abnormality. They have also stated that
since the speed in which the bases can be read can be difficult to read. Shining a ceratin wave length of
light at the DNA nanopores can slow down the process enough for people to be able to read and code
DNA much easier than before. Ultimately this process does make the experience a lot easier since now
you do not have to usew different kinds of enzymes to separate the DNA. The nanopores basically do all
the work for you. The nanopores made up a certain protein are also known to be able to detect changes
epigenetic changes.