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LAB REVIEW
Bryce M
Roshni
Both heartily approved. Caroline said it was, a thing
of beauty, I could not have done better.
Clara said it could possibly be her favorite.
OBJECTIVE
The results of chapter 8 proved that atoms combine
in specific ratios. You proved that lead combined
with iodine in a 1:2 ratio making PbI2. As you
balanced the equation, you put coefficients that
basically said that compounds combine in specific
ratios as well.
The purpose of chapter 9 is to prove that this is
actually true.
NEUTRALIZING
Your logic follows this path.
1. Acids and bases are substances that produce
either a hydronium or a hydroxide ion.
*Keep in mind that we are using hydroxide bases in
class. Technically, a base is ANY substance that is
a PROTON ACCEPTOR.
2. A property of acids and bases is that the
hydronium ion will combine with a hydroxide ion to
produce a molecule of water.
NEUTRALIZING CONTINUED
When a complete neutralization occurs, you have a
pH of 7.
NaOH, mL
For the second part of the lab you then took your established ratio and
PREDICTED, USING YOUR RATIO, the amount of base that would be
needed to neutralize your different amounts of acid. This allows you to
quickly go to the predicted number and then slowly titrate from there.
Trials
Trial 1
Trial 2
Average
Trial 1
Trial 2
Average
Trial 1
Trial 2
Average
Trial 1
Trial 2
Average
Volume of Citric
Acid Used, mL
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
1
1
1
Predicted Volume
of NaOH Used, mL
Actual Volume of
NaOH Used, mL
THE CHART
If you remember your chart, you should have had
numbers that were pretty close to what you had
estimated.
Once you completed the titrations, you then plot this
data, acid on the X-Axis (you controlled how much
of that) and Hydroxide on the Y-Axis.
Regardless of the slope of your best fit line, you should have had
a best fit line that was A DIRECT RELATIONSHIP.
This is proof that as you increase either acid or base, the other
reactant increases AT THE SAME RATE. The ratios are
constant.
GRAPH SLOPES
So how would the slopes of the graphs compare to
your slope if you used different acids and bases?
They would all be DIRECT RELATIONSHIPS, but the
actual slopes would vary depending on strength of
the acid and base, as well as concentrations used.