SOUTHEAST ASIA [Page 705 709]

A Long History of Diversity:

1. In a paragraph, explain how the early history [prior to 1000 AD] was highly diversified.
Southeast Asia was originally influenced by China and India. Chinese art, technology, political
ideas, and ethnical beliefs shaped Vietnams culture. Hinduism and Buddhism from India
influenced Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia kept some of its own traditions as well.
2. How was the area of Southeast Asia organized and governed during their early history?
Southeast Asia was mandalas states organized as rings of power around a central court.
3. How did this change from 1300-1800?
There became 5 states that were more complex and larger. They were Myanmar, Vietnam,
Thailand, Java, and the Malay Peninsula.
Colonialism and its aftermath
1. What is colonialism?
The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country,
occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
2. What was the only country in the region that wasnt a colony?
Siam (Thailand) was the only country that didnt become a colony.
3. Identify and explain the three ways colonialism changed Southeast Asia.
First colonial rulers set up a centralized government and set up routines and regulations.
Second, Europeans forced the colonies to produce commodities to raise the economy. Third,
colonialism had an unintentional affect to create nationalism.
4. Skill builder: Interpreting Maps [p. 706] -- Answer #1 and #2
Siams location was right between the two European colonies. The Dutch East Indies would
have access to both the Pacific and the Indian Ocean.
5. What changes came to Southeast Asia during WWII?
Southeast Asia gained experience from getting leadership roles while under the control of
the Japanese, they never got this type of control when they were occupied by Europeans
6. How was control of the area in Southeast Asia by Japan different than European
control?
When Southeast Asia was controlled by Europe they never had leadership roles, but when
Japan was in control they had leadership roles.
7. After WWII, Southeast Asia gained their independence differently. Briefly explain
this statement with examples.
Several Southeast Asian countries became independent, whereas the others had to fight
for independence. Indonesia had to fight the Dutch for independence and Indochina had to
fight for their independence too.
An Uneven Economy
1. Southeast Asia has a traditional economy. Explain that statement with specific
examples to back it up.

Southeast Asia has a traditional economy, one based off of an agricultural income. The main
crop of income is rice, but in Myanmar they sell a specific type of wood to make money.
2. What is ASEAN? How has it helped to create a region within a region?
ASEAN stands for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, this alliance help to
promote the economic growth and peace in a region.
A Rich Mosaic of Culture
1. How is this area a mosaic of religions? Identify the different religions and where they
are practiced.
Throughout Southeast Asia there are many types of religions practiced, there is Buddhism,
Catholic, and Muslim. Buddhism is widespread. In the Philippians is Catholic and in Indonesia
and Brunei the religion is Muslim.
2. Are there more rural or urban communities in this area?
Most Southeast Asians live in more rural areas and follow traditional ways.
3. Interpret the picture of page 709. What does this scene show about diversity in
Malaysia?
The picture shows that there is some diversity in Malaysia, because some people are wearing
more western clothes whereas others are in traditional wear.
OCEANIA [P. 711-715]
1. Identify these terms and explain their importance in the region:
a. Micronesia- Tiny islands
b. Melanesia- Black islands
c. Polynesia- Many islands
d. Subsistence activities- Most of the Oceania economy is Subsistence activities, where
they only make the food, clothing, and shelter they need for themselves.
e. Copra- The dried meat of a coconut, a main crop.
f. Taro- Taro is a main crop. Taro is starchy and has many uses for food.
2. What type of migration is happening within Oceania today?
Migration is growing today in Oceania, many people are coming to the islands for education and
jobs.
3. How did contact with Europeans and Americans affect the societies of the Pacific Islands?
It affected the cities because they became more modern and are slipping away from
traditional ways.
4. What is distinctive about Oceania in terms of its languages?
Oceania is coming to terms with a communication system that can final link them with the rest
of the world.
5. How has modern technology both helped and harmed Oceania?
It has created a downfall on traditional life but also is helping Oceania to communicate to
other islands and the world.
AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALIND & ANTARCTICA [P.717-723]

1. What prevents Australia from benefiting completely from its mining industry?
The Treaty of Waitangi prevents Australia from completely benefiting from mining industry
because all of the fighting over land.
2. What historic actions demonstrated New Zealanders concern for equal rights and social
welfare?
In 1893 New Zealand gave woman the right to vote, this shows the concern for equal rights.
New Zealand also was the first to offer senior citizens pensions.
3. What is the major activity conducted in Antarctica?
In 1959, 12 countries have created a treaty preserving Antarctica for research. By 2000,
there are more than 18 countries with scientific stations there.