Deck 3

100
4

20

12

4
8

Components used in calculations:

100

RECTANGLE A

RECTANGLE B

Centroid Deck 3

12

RECTANGLE C

12

RECTANGLE D

y i /m

x i /mm

Sign

Shape

Rectangle
A

100
=50
2

Rectangle
B

( 22 3 / 2) + 8 =

( 22 3 / 2) + 8 +

22

8+

22

2
3

A i . x i 59200
=
=50 .0 mm
Ai
1184

y =

Ai . y i 11840
=
=10 .0 mm
Ai
1184

/mm
100 x 20 =
2000

22

2
3

x 12

2
3

20
=10
2

22

2
3

x 12

A i . x i /mm

22
+8

2
3

20
=10
2

22

2
3

x 12

= 272
1184

A i . y i
/mm

2000 x 50 = 100000

2000 x 10 =
20000

272 x 19.33333333 =
5258.666667

272 x 10 =
2720

272 x 50 = 13600

272 x 10 =
2720

272 x 80.66666667 =
21941.33333

272 x 10 =
2720

59200

11840

= 272

= 80.66666667

x =

Ai

= 272

8
= 50

20
=10
2

19.33333333

( 22 3 / 2) + 8 +
Rectangle
D

20
=10
2

Rectangle
C

Area,

Second Moment of Area Deck 3

Sig
n

I y, i

( 100 )( 20 )3
12

( 20 )( 100 )3
12

Shape

Rectangle
A

66666.66667

Rectangle
B

2
( 12 )3
3
12

( )
22

3264

2
( 12 )3
3
12

( )
22

Rectangle
C

3264
-

Rectangle
D

x } rsub {i}

I x ,i

2
( 12 )3
3
12

( )
22

50 50 = 0

1666666.667

( 12 ) 22 2
3
12

( 12 ) 22 2
3
12

( )

19.33333333
50
=
-30.66666667
11645.62963

( )

50 50 = 0

y } rsub {i}

I x ,i

+(

( )

80.66666667
50
=
30.66666667

+(

y } rsub {i}
)A

x } rsub {i}
)A

10 -10 =
0

66666.66667 +
(0)(2000) =
66666.66667

1666666.667 +
(0)(2000)
= 1666666.667

10 -10 =
0

3264 + (0)(272) =
3264

11645.62963 +
(-30.66666667)(272)
= 267446.5185

10 -10 =
0

3264 + (0)(272) =
3264

11645.62963 +
(0)(272)
= 11645.62963

10 -10
=0

3264 + (0)(272) =
3264

11645.62963

( 12 ) 22 2
3
12

I y, i

11645.62963 +
(-30.66666667)(272)
= 267446.5185

 3264

11645.62963

56874.66667

I x =66666.66667326432643264=5.69 x 10 mm4

I y =1666666.667267446.518511645.62963267446.5185=1 .12 x 10 mm

Deck 6

1120128

10
0

5
6.
5

2
5

6.
5

36

32

32

Components used in calculations:

RECTANGLE A
100
36

Rectangle
B

25

23
20
RECTANGLE C

6.5k 12

(C)

TRIANGLE B

TRIANGLE A

20

C and D

(D)

20

Triangle

32

3220

6.5

Centroid Deck 6
Sig
n

Shape

x i

y i

Rectangle
A

100
=50
2

25
=12.5
2

Triangle A

32
=10.6667
3

Triangle B

100-10.67=89.333

32+6.5
-

Triangle C

6.5
3

36.33
-

Triangle D

10032

2(6.5)
3

A i . x i

A i . y i

100 x 25 = 2500

2500 x 50 = 125000

2500 x 12.5 = 31250

20
=6.666666667
3

(32)(20)
=320
2

320 x 10.666667
= 3414.4

320 x 6.666666667
= 2134.4

20
=6.666666667
3

(32)(20)
=320
2

320 x 89.3333
= 28585.6

320 x 6.666666667
= 2134.4

(6.5)(6.5)
=21.13
2

21.13x 36.33
= 767.6529

21.13 x 15.66667
= 331.1071

(6.5)(6.5)
=21.13
2

21.13 x 36.33
= 1390.9879

21.13 x 15.66667
= 331.1071

206.5+

Area,

6.5
3

15.666667

206.5+

6.5
3

Ai

 63.6667

15.66667
206.5+

Rectangle
C

50

Rectangle
B

50

6.5
2

23 x 6.5=149.5

149.5 x 50 = 7475

149.5 x 16.75 =
2504.125

36 x 25=486

486 x 50 = 24300

486 x 6.75= 3280.5

1182.24

59066.3592

20534.3608

16.75
206.5
=6.75
2

x =

A i . x i 59066.3592
=
=50 .0 mm
Ai
1182.24

y =

Ai . y i 20534.3608
=
=17. 4 mm
Ai
1182.24

Second Moment of Area Deck 6

Sig
n

+
-

Shape

Rectangle
A
Triangle A

I x ,i

I y, i

( 100 )( 25 )3
12

( 25 )( 100 )3
12

130208.3333

( 32 ) ( 20 )3
36

x } rsub {i}

y } rsub {i}

+(

I y, i

+(

y } rsub {i}
)A

x } rsub {i}
)A

50 - 50 =0

12.5 17.3690
= 4.87

130208.3333 +
(-4.87)(2500)
= 189500.833

2083333.333 +
(0)(2500)
= 2083333.333

10.6666666750
= -39.33

6.666666667
17.3690=
-10.703

7111.111 +
(-10.703)(320)
= 43768.45688

18204.44+ (39.33)(320)
= 513279.156

2083333.333

( 20 )( 32 )3
36

I x ,i

 7111.11111

Triangle B

( 32 ) ( 20 )3
36
7111.11111

Triangle C

( 6.5 )( 6.5 )3
36
49.585

Triangle D

Rectangle
C

Rectangle
B

( 6.5 )( 6.5 )3
36

18204.44

( 20 )( 32 )3
36
18204.44

( 6.25 )( 6.5 )3
36
49.585

( 6.25 )( 6.5 )3
36

49.585

49.585

( 23 )( 6.5 )3
12

( 6.5 )( 23 )3
12

526.36

6590.48523

( 36 )( 206.5 )3
12
7381.125

( 206.5 ) ( 36 )3
12
52488

89.33333333
-50
= 39.33

6.666666667
17.3690=
-10.703

7111.111 +
(-10.703)(320)
= 43768.54688

18204.44+
(39.33)(320)
= 513279.156

36.33 - 50
= -13.67

15.66667
17.3690
= 1.703

49.585 +
(1.703)(21.13)
= 110.8664162

49.585+ (13.67)(21.13)
= 3996.2187

63.6667 - 50
= 13.6667

15.66667
17.3690
= 1.703

49.585+
(1.703)(21.13)
= 110.8664162

49.585 +
(13.67)(21.13)
= 3996.2187

16.75
17.3690
= -0.703

526.36 +
(-0.703
3)(149.5)
= 600.2442455

6590.4852 +
(0)(149.5)
= 6590.4583

6.75-17.3690=
-10.62

7381.125+
(-10.62)(486)
= 62194.3434

52488 +
(0)(486)
= 52488

38947.3891

989704.124

I x =189500.83343768.4568843768.54622110.8864162110.866412600.244245562194.3434=3.89 x 10 mm 4
I y =2083333.333513279.156513279.1563996.21873996.21876590.458352488=9.90 x 105 mm4

12.5

12.5

Deck 10

Quadrant D

100

2
5

1
4

6
0

Components used in calculations:

100

RECTANGLE A

25

12.5
60
12.5

12.5
14

Quadrant B

Centroid Deck 10

RECTANGLE B

12.5

Quadrant C

Sig
n

Shape

x i

y i

Rectangle
A

100
=50
2

25
=12.5
2

Quadrant
A

Quadrant
B

Quadrant
C

Quadrant
D
Rectangle
B

4 ( 12.5 )
3
5.302
4 ( 12.5 )
3

5.302
100

4 ( 12.5 )
3

94.6948
92+

4 (7 )
3

4 ( 12.5 )
3

17.8052
12.5

4 (12.5 )
3

7.1948
12.5+

4 ( 12.5 )
3

17.8052
12.5

4 (12.5 )
3

Ai

100 x 25 =
2500

( 12.5 )2
4
122.7185
( 12.5 )2
4
122.7185

( 12.5 )
4

A i . y i

2500 x 50 = 125000

2500 x 12.5 = 31250

122.7185 x 5.302
= 651.0461

122.7185 x 17.8052
= 2185.0274

122.7185 x 5.302
= 651.0461

122.7185 x 7.1948
= 882.9351

122.7185 x 94.6948
= 11620.8038

122.7185 x 17.8052
= 2185.0274

122.7185 x 94.6948
= 11620.8038

122.7185 x 7.1948
= 882.951

122.7185
( 12.5 )
4

A i . x i

94.6948

7.1948

122.7185

50

25
=12.5
2

60 x 14 = 840

840 x 50 = 42000

840 x 12.5 = 10500

1169.126

58456.3

14614.075

x =

12.5+

Area,

A i . x i 58456.3
=
=50 .0 mm
Ai
1169.126

y =

Ai . y i 14614.075
=
=12.5 mm
Ai
1169.126

Second Moment of Area Deck 10

I x ,i
Sig
n

Shape

I x ,i

x } rsub {i}

I y, i

y } rsub {i}

+(

y } rsub {i}
)

Rectangle
A

( 100 )( 25 )3
12

( 25 )( 100 )3
12

130208.3333

50 50 = 0

12.5 12.5 = 0

2083333.333

Quadrant
A

5.029107729
0.0549(12.5)4 =1340.332
0.0549(12.5)4 =1340.332
- 50 =
-44.97089227

17.8052 12.5

Quadrant
B

5.029107729
0.0549(12.5) =1340.332
0.0549(12.5) =1340.332
- 50 =
-44.97089227

7.1948 12.5

Quadrant
C

94.97089227
- 50
0.0549(12.5) =1340.332
0.0549(12.5) =1340.332
=
44.97089227

= 5.3052

= -5.3052

17.8052 12.5
= 5.3052

130208.3333
+ (0)(2500)
=
130208.3333
1340.332+
(5.3052)

(122.7185)
=
4794.262227
1340.332+
(-5.3052)
(122.7185)
=
4794.262227
1340.332 +
(5.3052)
(122.7185)
=
4794.262227

I y, i

+(

x } rsub {i}

)A

2083333.333 +
(0)(2500)
= 2083333.333
1340.332+
(44.97089227)(38.4845
1001)
= 246485.894
1340.332 + (44.97089227)(38.4845
1001)
= 246485.894
1340.332 +
(44.97089227)(38.4845
1001)
= 246485.894

Quadrant
D

Rectangle
B

94.97089227
4
4
- 50
0.0549(12.5) =1340.332
0.0549(12.5) =1340.332
=
44.97089227

( 60 )( 14 )3
12

( 14 ) ( 60 )3
12

13720

25200

12.5 12.5 =
0

7.1948 12.5
= -5.3052

1340.332 +
(-5.3052)
(122.7185)
=
4794.262227

1340.332 +
(44.97089227)(38.4845
1001)
= 246485.894

12.5 12.5 = 0

13720 +
(0)(840)
= 13720

252000+ (0)(840)
= 252000

97311.28439

845389.759

I x =130208.33334794.2622274794.2622274794.2622274794.26222713720=9.73 x 10 4 mm4
I y =2083333.333246485.894246485.894246485.894246485.894252000=8 . 45 x 10 mm4
Samples of patented scooter deck

12.5

Quadrant A
Source :
http://www.google.com/patents/US8777239

Source :
http://www.faqs.org/patents/imgfull/20120061932_03

Source:

patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/pdfs/USD45

100

25

Y
100-2X

100
2
5

Rectangle 1
100
2x

Rectangle 2

The shape of the deck and it's component are assumed to be what is shown on the previous page. The dimension of the
hollow rectangle is represented by 100-2x and Y for its length and breadth respectively. Since the final deck has an area of
1170, the area of the hollow rectangle can be calculated by subtracting the area of the larger rectangle with the area of the
hollow rectangle.
Area of rectangle 1 - Area of rectangle 2 = Final area
2500mm - Area of rectangle 2 = 1170mm
Area of Rectangle 2 = 1330mm

Therefore, (100-2x)(Y)= 1330

Sig
n

Shape

x i

y i

Rectangle
1

100
=50
2

25
=12.5
2

Rectangle
2

50

Y
2

x =

A i . x i 58500
=
=50 mm
Ai
3830

y =

Ai . y i 31250665 Y
=
mm
Ai
1170

Calculating second area of moment

I x (rectangle 1)

y } rsub {i}
= I x ,i + (
)A

A i . x i

A i . y i

100 x 25 = 2500

2500 x 50 = 125000

2500 x 12.5 = 31250

1330

1330 x 50 = 66500

Y
1330( 2 ) = 665Y

1170

58500

31250 -665Y

Area,

Ai

31250665 Y
12.5) (2500)
+ (
1170

(100)25
12

1562500
+(14.209 22 (14.209 )( 0.568 Y )2)(2500)
12

= 130208.333 + (201.9070 - 16.150Y + (0.5683Y))(2500)

= 634975.833 - 40376Y+ 807.25Y

Since, (100-2x)(Y)= 1330 ,

I x (rectangle 2)

X =50

665
Y ( sub into the below equation to remove variable x)

y } rsub {i}
= I x ,i + (
)A

( 1002 x ) ( Y 3 ) 31250665 Y Y
+

( 1330 )
12
1170
2

1002 50
12

665
(Y 3 )
Y

))

+ (26.709 - 2(26.709)(1.068Y) + (1.068Y))(1330)

1330 Y
+948811.3675899.509 Y +1517.796Y
12

=1628.62Y - 75899.509Y + 948811.36

I x ( Overall shape ) =

Ix

(rectangle 1) -

Ix

(rectangle 2)

= 634975.833 - 40376Y+ 807.25Y - 1628.62Y + 75899.509Y - 948811.36

= -35523.509Y + 821.370Y - 313835.167
Using differentiation to determine the maximum dimension of Y to produce the largest
dI
=2 ( 821.370Y )+ 35523.509
dy

At a maximum point,

dI
=0
dy

0=2 ( 821.370 Y ) +35523.509

35525.509

Y = (2 ) (821.370) = 21.62 21.6 mm

Ix

To check for maximum, the second order of differentiation of

d I
=2(821.370)
dy

: since

d I
dy

Ix

should be less than zero.

<0, I x is the maximum when Y = 21.62mm for the area

1170mm.
Y =21.62 into X=50

665
Y

665
X = 50 21.62 =19.24 mm 19.2 mm
Centroid of the final shape
x =

A i . x i 58500
=
=50 mm
Ai
3830

y =

Ai . y i 31250665 (21.62)
=
14.4 mm
Ai
1170

Second area of moment of the final shape

I x ( Overall shape ) = 35523.509Y - 821.370Y - 313835.167

= -35523.509(21.62) + 821.370(21.62) - 313835. 167

= 70254.72mm 7.03 x 10mm

Sub Y=21.64mm and X= 19.24mm into the below equation
Y X (1002 x )
I y (Overall shape) = ( 25 X 100
)mm
12
12

= 2083333.333 -

= 2083333.33 -

100(2 X 19.245)

21.62 X

21.62 X 61.51
12

= 1664046.11mm 1.66 x 10mm

100

25

21.6

19.2

Since I x = 7.03 x 10mm

parameters are acceptable.

19.2

> 65000 and I y = 1.66 x 10mm > 1500000mm , the