You are on page 1of 83

1 Definition of Cables & Conductors

:
) (single conductor

2 Cable Classifications
:
2. 1 Low Voltage Cables (0.6/1-1.2)k.v
) : (

)-: (PVC

- 1

) ( 1
PVC
- 2
)( PVC ) ( 2
- 3
)( PVC
) ( 3
PVC
- 4
PVC
PVC

) ( 4

- 5

PVC PVC ) ( 5

Single core cables with solid or stranded


capper conductors and PVC insulated
Single core cables with flexible copper
conductors and PVC insulated
Multi core cable with flexible copper
conductors PVC insulated and PVC
sheathed
Single core cable ,with stranded circular
copper conductors, PVC insulated and
PVC sheathed
Multi core cables with stranded copper
conductors PVC insulated and PVC
sheathed

- 6

) (6
PVC PVC

Multi core cables with stranded


Aluminum conductors , PVC insulated
and PVC sheathed .

- 7

PVC
) ( 7
PVC

Multi core cables with stranded copper


conductors ,PVC insulated , steel tape
armoured and PVC sheathed

- 8

PVC
) ( 8
PVC

Multi core cables with stranded


Aluminum conductors , PVC insulated ,
steel tape armoured and PVC sheathed

- 9

PVC
) ( 9
PVC

Multi core cables with stranded copper


conductors , PVC insulated , steel wires
armoured and PVC sheathed

-10

PVC
) ( 10
PVC

Multi core cables with stranded


Aluminum conductors , PVC insulated ,
steel wires armoured and PVC sheathed

) :- ( XLPE
- 11

XLPE ,
)(11
PVC

Single core cables with stranded circular


copper conductors, XLPE insulated ,
and PVC sheathed

- 12

XLPE PVC )(12

Multi core cables with stranded circular


Copper conductors, XLPE insulated ,
and PVC sheathed

- 13

XLPE
) ( 13
PVC

Multi core cables with stranded circular


Aluminum conductors ,
XLPE
insulated , and PVC sheathed .

- 14

XLPE
) ( 14
PVC

Multi core cables with stranded circular


copper conductors , XLPE insulated,
steel tape armoured , and PVC sheathed
.

- 15

XLPE
PVC )( 15

Multi core cables with stranded circular


Aluminum conductors ,XLPE insulated
steel tape armoured and PVC sheathed

- 16

XLPE
) ( 16
PVC

Multi core cables , with stranded copper


conductors , XLPE insulated steel tape
armoured and PVC sheathed

- 17

XLPE
)(17
PVC

Multi core cables , with stranded


Aluminum conductors , XLPE insulated
steel tape armored and PVC sheathed

) ( 1

) ( 2

) ( 3

) ( 4

) ( 5

) ( 6

) ( 7

) ( 8

) ( 9

) ( 10

) ( 11

) ( 12

) ( 13

) ( 14

) ( 15

) ( 16

) ( 17

: 2.2 Medium voltage cables


From ( 6 --- 36) K.V
* - :

(K.V ) 12 10 / 6

(K.V) 17.5- 15 / 8.7


(K.V ) 24 20 / 12
(K.V ) 36 30 / 18

-:

- 16
XLPE
) ( 18
PVC

Single & multi core copper conductor XLPE


insulated and PVC sheathed

- 17
XLPE
) ( 19
PVC

Single & multi core Aluminum conductor


XLPE insulated and PVC sheathed

- 18
XLPE
PVC ) ( 20

Multi core copper & Aluminum conductor


XLPE insulated , steel tape armoured and
PVC sheathed

- 19
XLPE
) ( 21
PVC

Multi core copper & Aluminum conductor


XLPE insulated , steel wire armoured and
PVC sheathed .

) ( 18

) ( 19

) ( 20

) ( 21

2.3 :

K.V ) High voltage cables ( 72.5-66 /38:

- 1
XLPE
)( 22
HDPE

Single core copper conductors , XLPE


insulated , copper screened and HDPE
sheathed

- 2
XLPE
) ( 23
HDPE

Single core copper conductors , XLPE


insulated , Lead screened and HDPE
sheathed

) ( 22

) ( 22

Electrical Load :


.

.


900 .


.

Voltage Drop :

%2.5
.
Neutral Cross Section


) (harmonics

.
) (phase-3
) (
) ( .

Feeders :
%25 +
Nominal current :

.
Voltage Drop :


% 2.5
.

%5 .

Neutral conductor cross section in 3 phase-systems


.

-:
16 2
)(phase
) 3525 2 (2
.
50 2

25 + 50 3 ) :35+703 ) ( 2( 2

4.5 Cross section of conductors in branch lighting circuits


) (

:
) ( 100

.
) (
%125 .

40 ) (
) 220 ( 0.42 )
( 0.43 0.52 1.25
.
0.23
) (0.8
0.29 1.25 .
2 2 32
.

.


.
)4.6 Branch circuits for( sockets & lighting outlets
:

.

.

.

5 . Maximum demand and diversity factor


:

-:
- 1
) (
). (1
- 2 )(
) (2

.
- 3 ) (
.

) ( 1


) (2

6 . Circuit design

)( .
* - -:
) ( design current
) ( I
:
) ( protection current
) ( In
:
Relevant correction factors
:
: )total correction factor calculation of ( C.F
) Cable current carrying capacity (IZ
:

In

C.F

:
) ( Iz

Iz

: Nominal current
) (
P
I
V P.F


) 220(

:P.F

:v

:P

()Output power

()Nominal voltage
() Power factor

* : protection currentIn
I In In>I
In

6.3 choice of Correction factor


* : C.F -:
) (full load


:



.


-:
) (Ca )( 3
) ( grouping Cg

)(4
:
) ( 4
.



.

) (IEC-269-3 In
) (0.725Iz :
In< 0.725Iz

In
Cf 0.725
) ( thermal insulation



Ci Ci=0.5
calculation of total correction factors :


C.F

) ( 3


) 4
(

6.5 calculation of current carrying capacity


* : Iz
)(1

Ci= 0.5

Cg= 0.7

30 A

Ca= 0.97


IEC269-3
:

In
C.F

Iz

Cf = 1
""Ca Cg
-:
Cg x Ca = 0.7 x 0.97

Ci
0.5 Ci
Cg.Ca :
=Cf.Ci = 1 x 0.5 = 0.5 Cf
Iz :
30
Iz
60 A
0.5
(2
) (
IEC269-3
Cf 0.725 Iz :

30
30
Iz

82.75 A
C f Ci 0.725 0.5

(3

Ci= 0.5

Cg= 0.5

30 A

Ca= 0.97
Ca Cg
0.485 Ci
0.5 IEC269.3
Cf 0.725 Cf . :
= x CaCxf Cg
Cf

-:

30
85.3 A
0.725 0.485

Iz

6 . 6 Revision of some items


: :
- 1
.
- 2 voltage drop :

.
%2.5
:
5.5 )single
(phase 220 .
380
9.5 .

calculation of voltage drop :


:

mV I B L
Vc
1000

-:



//

:VC

:IB

:L

:mV
)( 6 5


-:
= x 1000
IB X mV
) 5.5 ( , ) 9.5 (
.

Tables of Voltage Drop / Ampere / meter for each cross section : * For Copper Cables: -

* For Aluminum

Cross section

mV/A/m

Cross section

4 mm
6mm
10mm
16mm
25mm
35mm
50mm
70mm
95mm
120mm
150mm
185mm
240mm
300mm

9.2
6.2
3.7
3.2
1.5
1.1
0.82
0.59
0.45
0.38
0.34
0.3
0.27
0.18

16 mm
25mm
35mm
50mm
70mm
95mm
120mm
150mm
185mm
240mm
300mm

) ( 6 )

mV/A/m
3.9
2.5
1.8
1.3
0.93
0.69
0.56
0.48
0.4
0.34
0.3

5)

-3 :

calculation of short circuit current

:
breaking capacity
.
selectivity
.
:

-:

U S 1.05U n
Is.c

Zt
Zt

Is.c:
Zt:

Us:

Un:

Zt -:
Zt

.
( :
Rs.c

)XS.C(M.OHM

)RS.C (M.OHM

)US ( UOLTS

)S.C(K.VA

0.633

0.095

231

250.000

0.316

0.047

231

500.000

( Transformer :
:
3Us 2
Zs.c
Us.c
K .V . A
:
.

Zs.c:


)-:( 0.06 0.05 0.04

Us.c:

-:

Us:

:K.V.A


380/220 ) (7


Xs.c .
PCu 3Rs.c
Rsc I 2 n
: Pcu .
Rs.c .


) ( 7

( Breakers circuit
Xs.c Rs.c .

Rs.c Xs.c 0.15 .

( cables & conductors


Rs.c :
L

Rsc A
L A 700 :
= cu21mm.ohm.mm2/m
= AL33mm.ohm.m

Xs.c -:
Xs.c = 0.07x L
. Xs.c = 0.15 x L
25 2 .

( Bus bars :

Rb

L
A

L A
21 . ./2
33 . ./2
) Xb . ( = Xb = 0.15 x L
.

:-Example For Calculation of Short Circuit Currents 6.7


] )[ (1
( medium voltage :
R1 X1 X1 = Un
380v
500 . . X1 :
)
(Us = 1.05Un

( Transformer :
R2 X2
Us.c 0.05 ) ( 7
X2 :
(380 1.05) 2 0.05
X2
7.96m.Ohm
1000
X1 +X2 = 0.32 + 7.96 = 8.28m.ohm

( :
X3

R3 :

21X 5
0.088m.ohm
1200

R3

L
A

Bus duct

X3 = 0.15 x 5 = 0.75 m.ohm


( Main circuit breaker :
ra Xa :
Xa = 0.15m. ohm
( Bus bars :
Xb = 0.15 x 2 = 0.3m.ohm
( Branch circuit breaker :
Rs.c Xs.c
Xs.c = 0.15m.ohm

= R4
X4 = 0.6m.ohm
( Aluminum cable
X5 = 0.07 x 50 = 3.5m.ohm

L 33 50

11m.ohm
150
A

R5


( )(a
R1 + R2 = negligibly small
X1 + X2 = 8.28m.ohm
220 1.05
Is.c( a)
27.82 28kA
8.28
( )(b
R1 + R2 + R3 = negligibly small
X1 + X2 + X3 = 0.32 + 7.96 + 0.75 = 9.03m.ohm

( )(c

220 1.05
25.51 26kA
9.03

Isc(b)

R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 = negligibly small
X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 = 9.03 + 0.6 = 9.63m.ohm
220 1.05
23.921 24k . A
9.63

Is.c(C )

(d) (
R1 + R2 + R3 + R4+ R5 = 0 + 0 + 0.088 + 0 + 11 = 11.088
X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5 = 9.63 + 3.5 = 13.13 m.ohm

Zt R 2 X 2
(11.088) 2 (13.13) 2
122.94 172.4

295.34

220 1.05
13.44 17 kA
Isc(d)
17.19

17.19m.ohm

6.8 Example For Choice A Suitable Cable Cross Section Area For Load
: ) (2
500k .V.A volt 10500/380 250
.
-:

Current carrying capacity

Voltage drop

Correction factors

Short circuit current

: current carrying capacity 1

power
500 103
In

760 Ampere
3 U
3 380


240mm
Ampere 345
.

760
2.2 3= Cable
345

/ =No of cables

* 3 )(3x240+120 mm

I / cable 760 / 3 253.3 254 Amper


:Calculation of voltage drop.2

Vc mV I n L

// ) :mV
(

In:

L:
3
= (0.27x10 240mV ) 2
)Vc = 0.27 10 3 254 ampere x 250 (meter

= 17.14 17.2 volt

17.2
= 380 = 4.5% / = percentage of voltage drop
* :

= 2.5% = volt 9.5

* 9.5
%2.5
9.5 103
In
140 Ampere
0.27 250

VC 10 3
In
mV L

* mm 240
No of cables

760
140

=Cables

) 6 (
5.4
* ) (In 6
***
) (

= In

3 Application of correction760
factors :-

) (
126 Amp

= Ca 6

a ) Ca

) ( 1
b ) Cg grouping factor
3 Cg Cg = 0.7
* Cf
Cf = Ca x Cg = 1 x0.7 = 0.7
= In
:
***ampere

I B 126

180
CF 0.7

Iz

A 180 126A
:
.

1 voltage drop
) ( )2 (Iz

4 Calculation of short circuit currents:):


)

-:
(medium voltage a -:
R1 X1 Un = 380 500..
X1
=X1 0.32

=m.ohm

(380 1.05) 2
R2 X23
k
.
vA
500

10
U.S.C %5
X2

b ) Transformer-:

=m.ohm

X1 + X2 = 15.92 + 0.32 = 16.24 m.ohm

380 1.05 2 0.05 15.92


500

C ) Low voltage cable :

L 21 250 m

21.87 22m.ohm
2
A
340mm

22
3.66 m.ohm
6

= R/6cable

= )Xs.c = 0.07 x 250 (m


17.5 m.ohm
D ) Main circuit breaker
Ra Xa
Xa = 0.15m.oh
E) Bus bars:
Rb Xb
3m
Xb = 0.15 x 3 = 0.45 m.ohm
* Short circuit impendence:= Zt
X X ... 2 R R R ... 2 = 3.66 2 16.24 17.5 0.15 0.45 2
3

m.ohm

13.39 1179 1192 34.5

220 1.05 231



7 KA
Is.c = 7K.A

Zt
34.5

current S.c
90q = 8.6 x Is.c
Where
q = cross section area in mm
.t = time in sec
1 sec
Q = 8.6x 7 = 60.2 ~ 61 mm
70mm
) ( t,q,Is.c

240mm
6 120mm + 240 3

Cross
section area

(8 )

general precautions for cable installations 7.1

- 1
-:
phase Neutral
. Earth

.

) (
.

single phase ) (phase-3
.

.
3) 2( )(
.
.
3. 2

.

- 2

:

.
)( 80
1 .


10
60 .
10
10
5
30
). (24


-:

1
2


30

)(

1
1.5-1

15

:
- 10
-
. 30
: - 3 50
. -

* :
-
.
-
.
* :
- .
- 4 .
-


.

: 7-3 colour code




:

1
) ( 9
.

- 2 ) (P.V.C
) (1 ) ( 3 2 1
) (4 .

) ( 9

You might also like