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:
) (single conductor
2 Cable Classifications
:
2. 1 Low Voltage Cables (0.6/1-1.2)k.v
) : (
)-: (PVC
- 1
) ( 1
PVC
- 2
)( PVC ) ( 2
- 3
)( PVC
) ( 3
PVC
- 4
PVC
PVC
) ( 4
- 5
PVC PVC ) ( 5
- 6
) (6
PVC PVC
- 7
PVC
) ( 7
PVC
- 8
PVC
) ( 8
PVC
- 9
PVC
) ( 9
PVC
-10
PVC
) ( 10
PVC
) :- ( XLPE
- 11
XLPE ,
)(11
PVC
- 12
XLPE PVC )(12
- 13
XLPE
) ( 13
PVC
- 14
XLPE
) ( 14
PVC
- 15
XLPE
PVC )( 15
- 16
XLPE
) ( 16
PVC
- 17
XLPE
)(17
PVC
) ( 1
) ( 2
) ( 3
) ( 4
) ( 5
) ( 6
) ( 7
) ( 8
) ( 9
) ( 10
) ( 11
) ( 12
) ( 13
) ( 14
) ( 15
) ( 16
) ( 17
(K.V ) 12 10 / 6
-:
- 16
XLPE
) ( 18
PVC
- 17
XLPE
) ( 19
PVC
- 18
XLPE
PVC ) ( 20
- 19
XLPE
) ( 21
PVC
) ( 18
) ( 19
) ( 20
) ( 21
2.3 :
- 1
XLPE
)( 22
HDPE
- 2
XLPE
) ( 23
HDPE
) ( 22
) ( 22
Electrical Load :
.
.
900 .
.
Voltage Drop :
%2.5
.
Neutral Cross Section
) (harmonics
.
) (phase-3
) (
) ( .
Feeders :
%25 +
Nominal current :
.
Voltage Drop :
% 2.5
.
%5 .
25 + 50 3 ) :35+703 ) ( 2( 2
.
)4.6 Branch circuits for( sockets & lighting outlets
:
.
.
.
) ( 1
) (2
6 . Circuit design
)( .
* - -:
) ( design current
) ( I
:
) ( protection current
) ( In
:
Relevant correction factors
:
: )total correction factor calculation of ( C.F
) Cable current carrying capacity (IZ
:
In
C.F
:
) ( Iz
Iz
: Nominal current
) (
P
I
V P.F
) 220(
:P.F
:v
:P
()Output power
()Nominal voltage
() Power factor
* : protection currentIn
I In In>I
In
-:
) (Ca )( 3
) ( grouping Cg
)(4
:
) ( 4
.
.
) (IEC-269-3 In
) (0.725Iz :
In< 0.725Iz
In
Cf 0.725
) ( thermal insulation
Ci Ci=0.5
calculation of total correction factors :
C.F
) ( 3
) 4
(
Ci= 0.5
Cg= 0.7
30 A
Ca= 0.97
IEC269-3
:
In
C.F
Iz
Cf = 1
""Ca Cg
-:
Cg x Ca = 0.7 x 0.97
Ci
0.5 Ci
Cg.Ca :
=Cf.Ci = 1 x 0.5 = 0.5 Cf
Iz :
30
Iz
60 A
0.5
(2
) (
IEC269-3
Cf 0.725 Iz :
30
30
Iz
82.75 A
C f Ci 0.725 0.5
(3
Ci= 0.5
Cg= 0.5
30 A
Ca= 0.97
Ca Cg
0.485 Ci
0.5 IEC269.3
Cf 0.725 Cf . :
= x CaCxf Cg
Cf
-:
30
85.3 A
0.725 0.485
Iz
mV I B L
Vc
1000
-:
//
:VC
:IB
:L
:mV
)( 6 5
-:
= x 1000
IB X mV
) 5.5 ( , ) 9.5 (
.
Tables of Voltage Drop / Ampere / meter for each cross section : * For Copper Cables: -
* For Aluminum
Cross section
mV/A/m
Cross section
4 mm
6mm
10mm
16mm
25mm
35mm
50mm
70mm
95mm
120mm
150mm
185mm
240mm
300mm
9.2
6.2
3.7
3.2
1.5
1.1
0.82
0.59
0.45
0.38
0.34
0.3
0.27
0.18
16 mm
25mm
35mm
50mm
70mm
95mm
120mm
150mm
185mm
240mm
300mm
) ( 6 )
mV/A/m
3.9
2.5
1.8
1.3
0.93
0.69
0.56
0.48
0.4
0.34
0.3
5)
-3 :
:
breaking capacity
.
selectivity
.
:
-:
U S 1.05U n
Is.c
Zt
Zt
Is.c:
Zt:
Us:
Un:
Zt -:
Zt
.
( :
Rs.c
)XS.C(M.OHM
)RS.C (M.OHM
)US ( UOLTS
)S.C(K.VA
0.633
0.095
231
250.000
0.316
0.047
231
500.000
( Transformer :
:
3Us 2
Zs.c
Us.c
K .V . A
:
.
Zs.c:
)-:( 0.06 0.05 0.04
Us.c:
-:
Us:
:K.V.A
380/220 ) (7
Xs.c .
PCu 3Rs.c
Rsc I 2 n
: Pcu .
Rs.c .
) ( 7
( Breakers circuit
Xs.c Rs.c .
Rs.c Xs.c 0.15 .
Rsc A
L A 700 :
= cu21mm.ohm.mm2/m
= AL33mm.ohm.m
Xs.c -:
Xs.c = 0.07x L
. Xs.c = 0.15 x L
25 2 .
( Bus bars :
Rb
L
A
L A
21 . ./2
33 . ./2
) Xb . ( = Xb = 0.15 x L
.
( Transformer :
R2 X2
Us.c 0.05 ) ( 7
X2 :
(380 1.05) 2 0.05
X2
7.96m.Ohm
1000
X1 +X2 = 0.32 + 7.96 = 8.28m.ohm
( :
X3
R3 :
21X 5
0.088m.ohm
1200
R3
L
A
Bus duct
L 33 50
11m.ohm
150
A
R5
( )(a
R1 + R2 = negligibly small
X1 + X2 = 8.28m.ohm
220 1.05
Is.c( a)
27.82 28kA
8.28
( )(b
R1 + R2 + R3 = negligibly small
X1 + X2 + X3 = 0.32 + 7.96 + 0.75 = 9.03m.ohm
( )(c
220 1.05
25.51 26kA
9.03
Isc(b)
R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 = negligibly small
X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 = 9.03 + 0.6 = 9.63m.ohm
220 1.05
23.921 24k . A
9.63
Is.c(C )
(d) (
R1 + R2 + R3 + R4+ R5 = 0 + 0 + 0.088 + 0 + 11 = 11.088
X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5 = 9.63 + 3.5 = 13.13 m.ohm
Zt R 2 X 2
(11.088) 2 (13.13) 2
122.94 172.4
295.34
220 1.05
13.44 17 kA
Isc(d)
17.19
17.19m.ohm
6.8 Example For Choice A Suitable Cable Cross Section Area For Load
: ) (2
500k .V.A volt 10500/380 250
.
-:
Voltage drop
Correction factors
power
500 103
In
760 Ampere
3 U
3 380
240mm
Ampere 345
.
760
2.2 3= Cable
345
/ =No of cables
* 3 )(3x240+120 mm
Vc mV I n L
// ) :mV
(
In:
L:
3
= (0.27x10 240mV ) 2
)Vc = 0.27 10 3 254 ampere x 250 (meter
17.2
= 380 = 4.5% / = percentage of voltage drop
* :
* 9.5
%2.5
9.5 103
In
140 Ampere
0.27 250
VC 10 3
In
mV L
* mm 240
No of cables
760
140
=Cables
) 6 (
5.4
* ) (In 6
***
) (
= In
3 Application of correction760
factors :-
) (
126 Amp
= Ca 6
a ) Ca
) ( 1
b ) Cg grouping factor
3 Cg Cg = 0.7
* Cf
Cf = Ca x Cg = 1 x0.7 = 0.7
= In
:
***ampere
I B 126
180
CF 0.7
Iz
A 180 126A
:
.
1 voltage drop
) ( )2 (Iz
=m.ohm
(380 1.05) 2
R2 X23
k
.
vA
500
10
U.S.C %5
X2
b ) Transformer-:
=m.ohm
L 21 250 m
21.87 22m.ohm
2
A
340mm
22
3.66 m.ohm
6
= R/6cable
m.ohm
Zt
34.5
current S.c
90q = 8.6 x Is.c
Where
q = cross section area in mm
.t = time in sec
1 sec
Q = 8.6x 7 = 60.2 ~ 61 mm
70mm
) ( t,q,Is.c
240mm
6 120mm + 240 3
Cross
section area
(8 )
- 1
-:
phase Neutral
. Earth
.
) (
.
single phase ) (phase-3
.
.
3) 2( )(
.
.
3. 2
.
- 2
:
.
)( 80
1 .
10
60 .
10
10
5
30
). (24
-:
1
2
30
)(
1
1.5-1
15
:
- 10
-
. 30
: - 3 50
. -
* :
-
.
-
.
* :
- .
- 4 .
-
.
1
) ( 9
.
- 2 ) (P.V.C
) (1 ) ( 3 2 1
) (4 .
) ( 9