Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Vocab
(know
these
are
not
all
the
words
but
the
ones
that
aren’t
obvious
cognates
or
easy
to
remember)
Amarrar
To
tie
asustar
To
scare
caer
Fall
coger
To
catch
Descolgar
To
take
down
Gemir
To
moan
Rascar
To
scratch
Recorrer
To
travel
valer
To
be
worth
Zambullir
To
dive
El
arroyo
stream
Desencanto
Disillusion
La
gula
Gluttony
El
hecho
Deed
El
hocicio
Snout
La
mula
Mule
El
suceso
Event
El
burlón
Mocking
Propio/a
Own
incauto
Incautious
arrastrar
To
drag
aullar
To
howl
calar
To
penetrate
enloquecer
To
go
crazy
contar
To
tell
esconder
To
hide
quedar
To
remain
relucir
To
shine
rondar
To
roam
tapar
To
cover
soler
To
be
in
the
habit
of
asombro
Amazement
La
fachada
Façade
El
genero
Genre
El
relato
Story
oculto
Hidden
A
través
Through
En
torno
Pertaining
to
Pasar
igual
To
be
the
same
Tener
sentido
To
make
sense
desechar
To
throw
away
desperdiciar
To
waste
El
acero
Steel
El
cartón
Cardboard
La
ceniza
Ash
La
fábrica
Factory
La
madera
Wood
La
material
prima
Raw
material
El
nivel
Level
El
plomo
Lead
La
sequía
Drought
nefasto
Disasterous
alrededor
around
Sobre
On;
over
La
jornada
laboral
Workday
El
ocio
Leisure
time
La
onda
Radio
wave
El
rasco
Characteristic
El
vientre
Womb
calidad
Quality
(worth)
cualidad
Quality
(characteristic)
desterrado
Exiled
Dar
por
sentado
To
assume
Puesto
que
As;
Since
acercarse
To
approach
arrasar
To
raze
cargar
To
hold
(in
one’s
arms)
La
pañoleta
Shawl
Quedarse
To
stay
in
a
place
Quedar
+
adj.
To
become/remain
Quedar
To
be
located
Dejar
To
leave
Dejar
de
+
inf.
To
stop
doing
something
Dejar
+
inf.
To
let;
allow
Preterite
Imperfect
Conocer
Met
(I
met
her)
start
of
knowing
I
used
to
know
poder
Could
and
did
(He
managed
to
Had
the
ability
and
opportunity
approach
her)
to‐
no
reference
to
a
specific
effort
No
poder
He
couldn’t/failed
to
at
a
specific
Couldn’t
in
general
get
used
to
effort/failure
the
dark
querer
Tried
to
(wanted
to
and
acted
Wanted
to,
no
action
upon
upon
it)
No
querer
Refused
to,
acted
upon
the
desire
Didn’t
want
to
(may
or
may
not
not
to
have)
saber
Found
out
(beginning
of
knowing)
Knew
all
along
tener
Received,
beginning
of
having
Had
all
along
(a
characteristic)
Tener
que
Had
to
and
acted
upon
it
Had
to
and
has
not
done
it
yet
costar
It
cost
and
I
bought
it
It
cost
(implies
not
bought)
Ser/Estar/Haber
Ser:
• With
a
noun
or
pronoun
that
identifies
the
subject
(John
is
a
chemist)
• Identify
nationality
or
origin
(We
are
scientists)
• Characteristics
(It
is
green)
• Date
and
time
(son
last
res)
• With
para
(Es
para
mi)
• With
past
participle
to
express
passive
voice
(The
beaches
were
contaminated
by
the
people)
the
subject
is
acted
upon
by
persons
Estar
• Location
of
objects,
people
(It
is
in
the
mall)
• With
ando
(Estoy
caminando)
• Physical/emotional
state
(Estoy
triste)
• With
a
past
participle
to
describe
the
resultant
condition
of
a
previous
action
(La
playa
está
contaminada)
• Change
from
the
norm
(You
are
pretty
today)
Haber
• Have/had
never
(he
visto)
I
have
seen
• There
are
(hay)
• Hay
que
+
inf.
=
to
be
necessary
to
Future
Tomaré
Tomaremos
Tomarás
Tomaréis
Tomará
tomarán
Irregulars:
Habr‐,
podr‐,
querr‐,
sabr‐,
pondr‐,
saldr‐,
tendr‐,
vendr‐
Subjunctive
(start
with
yo)
hable
Hablemos
Hables
Habléis
hable
hablen
Coma
Comamos
Comas
Comáis
coma
coman
Ar
and
er
stem
changing
verbs
change
in
all
forms
except
nosotros
and
vosotros
Juegue
Juguemos
Juegues
juguéis
juege
juegen
Ir
stem
changing
verbs
in
nosotros
and
vosotros
(e‐>i)
(o‐>u)
Sienta/duerma
Sintamos/durmamos
Sientas/duermas
Sintáis/durmáis
Sienta/duerma
Sientan/duerman
Irregulars
dar
estar
haber
ir
saber
ser
Dé
Esté
Haya
Vaya
Sepa
Sea
Des
Estés
Hayas
Vayas
Sepas
Seas
Dé
Esté
Haya
Vaya
Sepa
Sea
Demos
Estemos
Hayamos
Vayamos
Sepamos
Seamos
Deis
Estéis
Hayáis
Vayáis
Sepias
Seaís
den
estén
hayan
Vayan
sepan
sean
Know
indirect/direct
object
pronouns,
personal
“a”,
and
gustar
like
verbs