Pakistan Railways Project

Acknowledgement
In the name of Allah the praiseworthy, the passionate whose blessings
made it possible for us to complete this complex task.
It is a matter of great Pleasure and enthusiasm for us to complete our
project. It is all because of Almighty Allah’s great guidance that made us do
that.
We are especially thankful to our respected Teacher Mr. Naseem
Qaiser who provided us an opportunity to prepare this Project report and
encouraged us. It was not possible without the guidance he provided to us,
to complete this project. We are also thankful to the organization we have
studied, about Pakistan Railway. As it was not possible without their help
too.
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Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad
Table of Contents
Topics Page Number

Acknowledgement 1
Table of Contents 2
History of Railways 3
Introduction of Railways 7
Vision and Mission 12
Software Details 12
Hardware Details 18
Network Structure 22
Database Backup Management 31
DataBase Services 33
Security Management 35
Online Presence 38
Conclusions & Recommendations 39
Suggestions 40
History of Rail Transport:
The history of rail transport dates back nearly 500 years and includes
systems with man or horse power and rails of wood or stone. Modern rail
transport systems first appeared in England in the 1820s. These systems,
which made use of the steam locomotive, were the first practical forms of
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mechanized land transport, and they remained the primary form of
mechanized land transport for the next 100 years.
As the colliery and quarry tram ways and wagon ways grew longer,
the possibility of using the technology for the public conveyance of goods
suggested itself. On 26 July 1803, Jessop opened the Surrey Iron Railway in
south London - arguably, the world's first public railway, albeit a horse-
drawn one. It was not a railway in the modern sense of the word, as it
functioned like a turnpike road. There were no official services, as anyone
could bring a vehicle on the railway by paying a toll.
In 1812 Oliver Evans, an American engineer and inventor, published
his vision of what steam railways could become, with cities and towns linked
by a network of long distance railways plied by speedy locomotives, greatly
reducing the time required for personal travel and for transport of goods.
Evans specified that there should be separate sets of parallel tracks for
trains going in different directions. Unfortunately, conditions in the infant
United States did not enable his vision to take hold.
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This vision had its counterpart in Britain, where it proved to be far
more influential. William James, a rich and influential surveyor and land
agent, was inspired by the development of the steam locomotive to suggest a
national network of railways. It seems likely in 1808 James attended the
demonstration running of Richard Trevithick’s steam locomotive Catch me
who can in London; certainly at this time he began to consider the long-
term development of this means of transport. He was responsible for
proposing a number of projects that later came to fruition, and he is
credited with carrying out a survey of the Liverpool and Manchester
Railway. Unfortunately, he became bankrupt and his schemes were taken
over by George Stephenson and others. However, he is credited by many
historians with the title of "Father of the Railway".
It was not until 1825 that the success of the Stockton and Darlington
Railway proved that the railways could be made as useful to the general
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shipping public as to the colliery owner. This railway broke new ground by
using rails made of rolled wrought iron, produced at Bedlington Ironworks
in Northumberland. Such rails were stronger. This railway linked the town
of Darlington with the port of Stockton-on-Tees, and was intended to enable
local collieries (which were connected to the line by short branches) to
transport their coal to the docks. As this would constitute the bulk of the
traffic, the company took the important step of offering to haul the colliery
wagons or chaldrons by locomotive power, something that required a
scheduled or timetabled service of trains. However, the line also functioned
as a toll railway, where private horse drawn wagons could be operated
upon it.
This curious hybrid of a system (which also included, at one stage, a
horse drawn passenger wagon) could not last, and within a few years,
traffic was restricted to timetabled trains. (However, the tradition of private
owned wagons continued on railways in Britain until the 1960s.)
The success of the Stockton and Darlington encouraged the rich
investors of the rapidly industrializing North West of England to embark
upon a project to link the rich cotton manufacturing town of Manchester
with the thriving port of Liverpool. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway
was the first modern railway, in that both the goods and passenger traffic
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was operated by scheduled or timetabled locomotive hauled trains. At the
time of its construction, there was still a serious doubt that locomotives
could maintain a regular service over the distance involved. A widely
reported competition was held in 1829 called the Rain hill Trials, to find the
most suitable steam engine to haul the trains. A number of locomotives were
entered, including Novelty, Perseverance, and Sans Pareil. The winner was
Stephenson's Rocket, which had superior steaming qualities as a
consequence of the installation of a multi-tubular boiler (suggested by
Henry Booth, a director of the railway company).
The promoters were mainly interested in goods traffic, but after the
line opened on 15 September 1830, they found to their amazement that
passenger traffic was just as remunerative. The success of the Liverpool and
Manchester railway influenced the development of railways elsewhere in
Britain and abroad. The company hosted many visiting deputations from
other railway projects, and many railwaymen received their early training
and experience upon this line.
It must be remembered that the Liverpool and Manchester line was
still a short one (35 miles (56 km)), linking two towns within an English
shire county. The world's first trunk line can be said to be the Grand
Junction Railway, opening in 1837, and linking a mid point on the Liverpool
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and Manchester Railway with Birmingham, by way of Crewe, Stafford, and
Wolver Hampton.
Introduction of Railways in Subcontinent:
The idea of a rail network was first thought of in 1847, with the
possibility of Karachi becoming a major seaport. Sir Henry Edward Frere,
who was appointed as the Commissionar of SindhS, sought permission from
Lord Dalhousie to begin a survey for a Karachi Seaport and a survey for a
railway line in 1858. The proposed railway line would be laid from Karachi
(city) to Kotri. A steamboat service on the Indus and Chenab rivers would
connect Kotri to Multan and from there another railway line would be laid
to Lahore and beyond.
On May 13th, 1861 the first railway line was opened to the public,
between Karachi (city) and Kotri, with a total distance of 105 miles
(169 km).
By 1886, there were four railway companies operating in what would
become Pakistan. The Scinde (Sindh) Railways, Indian Flotilla Company,
Punjab Railway and Delhi Railways. These were amalgamated into the
Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railways Company and purchased by the Secretary
of State for India in 1885, and in January 1886 formed the North Western
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State Railways, which was later on renamed as North Western Railway
(NWR). This would eventually become Pakistan Railways in 1947.
Another railway line between Karachi and Keamari was opened on
June 16th, 1889. In 1897, the line from Keamari to Kotri was doubled.
By 1898 as the network began to grow, another proposed railway line
was in the works from Peshawar to Karachi. It closely followed the route
taken by Alexander The Great and his army while marching through the
Hindu Kush to the Arabian Sea. During the early 20th century, railway lines
were also laid down between Peshawar and Rawalpindi and Rawalpindi to
Lahore. Different sections on the existing main line from Peshawar and
branch lines were constructed in the last quarter of 19th century and early
20th century.
In 1947, after Pakistan became an independent state, 1,947 route
miles (3,133 km) of North Western Railways were transferred to Pakistan
from British India.
In 1954, the railway line was extended to Mardan and Charsada, and
in 1956 the Jacobabad-Kashmore 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge line was
converted into broad gauge. In 1961, the Pakistani portion of North Western
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Railways was renamed Pakistan Railways. The Kot Adu-Kashmore line was
constructed between 1969 and 1973 providing an alternative route from
Karachi to northern Pakistan.
History of Pakistan Railways:
Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of Transportation in
the farthest corners of the country and brings them closer for Business, sight
seeing, pilgrimage and education. It has been a great integrating force and
forms the life line of the country by catering to its needs for large scale
movement of people and freight.
The possibility of Karachi as a sea port was first noticed in the mid of
19th century and Sir Henry Edward Frere who was appointed
Commissioner of Sind after its annexation with Bombay in 1847 sought
permission from Lord Dalhousie to begin survey of sea port. He also
initiated the survey for Railway line in 1858 . It was proposed that a
railway line from Karachi City to Kotri, steam navigation up the Indus
/Chenab up to Multan and from there an other railway to Lahore and
beyond be constructed.
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It was on 13th May,1861 that first railway line was opened for public
traffic between Karachi City and Kotri, the distance of 105 miles. The line
between Karachi City and Keamari was opened on 16.6.1889.By 1897 the
line from Keamari to Kotri was doubled. The railway line from Peshawar to
Karachi closely follows Alexander’s line of March through the HinduKush
to the sea. Different sections on existing main line from Peshawar to
Lahore and Multan branch lines were constructed in the last quarter of 19th
century and early years of 20th century.
The 4 sections i.e.Scinde railways, Indian Flotilla company Punjab
railway and Delhi railways working in a single company were later on
amalgamated into Scinde, Punjab & Delhi railways company and was
purchased by the Secretary of State for India in 1885 and in January, 1886
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it was named North Western State Railways which was later on renamed as
North Western Railways. At the time of partition, North Western Railway’s
1847 route mile was transferred to India leaving route miles 5048 to
Pakistan. In 1954 The railway line was extended to Mardan and Charsada
section and in 1956 Jacababad-Kashmore 2’-6’’ line was converted into
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broad gauge.
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Kot Adu-Kashmore line was constructed between 1969 to 1973
providing an alternate route from Karachi to up country.
Mission Statement:
To provide a safe reliable, modern, efficient and cost effective
infrastructure to its customers: to contribute in building the economy of
Pakistan and to look after the welfare of its employees.
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Vission Statement:
• Increasing share in freight and passenger market.
• Restoring confidence of the passenger and trading community.
• Development of human resource need base coupled with improvement
and development of management, infrastructure and rolling stock.
• Encourage private sector in public private partnership, both for
development of infrastructure and train operations.
• Diversify all its non-core activities to make them self-sustainable units.
Software:
Programs consist of all the electronically encoded instructions that
tell the computer hardware how to perform a task. Without software,
hardware is useless.
These are of two types:
 System Software.
 Application Software.
What is System Software?
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Systems software refers to the Operating System and utility programs
(like Compiler, Loader, Linker, and Debugger) that manage computer
resources at a low level. Operating systems, such as GNU, Microsoft
Windows, Mac OS X or Linux, are prominent examples of system software.
System software is software that basically allows the parts of a
computer to work together. Without the system software the computer
cannot operate as a single unit. In contrast to system software, software that
allows you to do things like create text documents, play games, listen to
music, or surf the web is called application software.
In general, application programs are software that enable the end-
user to perform specific, productive tasks, such as word processing or image
manipulation. System software performs tasks like transferring data from
memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display device.
System software is not generally what a user would buy a computer
for, instead, it is usually the basics of a computer which come built-in.
Application software is the programs on the computer when the user buys it.
These programs may include word processors and web browsers.
System Software used in Pakistan Railways:
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Most frequently used system software’s in Pakistan Railways
are:
 Microsoft Windows XP.
 SCO UNIX 5.0.5
 Red Hat Linux 7.2 & Advance Server 2.1
 Windows 98
 Windows 2000 Professional
 Window XP Professional 2003
 Windows 2000 Advance Server
 Windows 2003 Server
 Windows XP
 Windows NT 4.0
 IBM AIX
Oracle Collaboration Suite:
Pakistan Railways has installed the latest office management tools
named OCS ( Oracle Collaboration Suite ) widely and extensively used
world wide, this software, which is based, will help the management by
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exchanging the data on LAN and WAN, helping them to schedule the day
long activities in an organized way. The focus area of OCS is email sharing,
Calendar, File Transfer, Ultra Search, Web messages. At present mail box
capacity has been fixed as 20 MB for each user, Which may be enhanced
depending upon the requirements.
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What is Application Software?
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Application software is computer software designed to help the user
perform a particular task. Such programs are also called software
applications, applications or apps. Typical examples are word processors,
spreadsheets, media players and database applications.
Application software should be contrasted with system software
(infrastructure) or middleware (computer services/ processes integrators),
which is involved in integrating a computer's various capabilities, but
typically does not directly apply them in the performance of tasks that
benefit the user. A simple, if imperfect analogy in the world of hardware
would be the relationship of an electric light bulb (an application) to an
electric power generation plant (a system). The power plant merely
generates electricity, not itself of any real use until harnessed to an
application like the electric light that performs a service that benefits the
user.
Miscellaneous Software Applications:
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Directorate of Information Technology has developed the software
listed below.
1. Pension System.
2. Statistical System ( Passenger, Goods, Operations).
3. Track Management system for IBU.
4. Electrical Billing system for Commercial and Residential.
5. Railway Employees Card System.
6. Accounting System for Benevolent Fund Organization.
7. Legal System.
8. Advisement Management System for Public Relation Department.
9. Monthly Financial Reporting System for the generation of
Computerized Tickets which includes Sales Summery and Military
Concessions.
10.File Management, Inventory Management and Personnel System for
Vigilance Directorate.
11.Billboard System for Marketing Directorate.
12.Website Upgraded.
13.Passenger Revenue Reporting System on the website.
Hardware:
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Hardware, in the computer world, refers to the physical components
that make up a computer system.
There are many, many different kinds of hardware that can be installed
inside and connected to the outside of a computer. However, there are
several standard pieces of hardware that can be found as part of nearly
every computer:
All
the
machinery and equipment in a computer system is known as hardware.
Pakistan Railway possesses one of the latest computers Technology among
the other stations of pakistan.
Following are the details of computer hardware used by Pakistan
Railway:
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Servers:
Server is a computer in a network that holds collections of data
(databases) and programs for connecting PCs, workstations, and other
devices. Servers enable many users to share equipment, programs, and data.
Nearly, 50 servers for various purposes are installed in head office.
Each Station has its own server, which is connected through VPN,
DXX or other technology to one of the core offices’ (Karachi, Lahore,
Khanewal and Islamabad) servers.
Following are the specifications of WAN servers used in Pakistan
Railways:
 Acer.
 Dell.
Following are the specifications of LAN servers used in Pakistan
Railways:
 Acer Desktop.
 Dell Desktop.
 Raffles Desktop.
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 Sun System Desktops.
PCs:
Branded as well as non-branded P-III & P-IV PCs are being used in the
Pakistan Railways operational and administration offices with following
specifications:
 Dell Systems and Monitors
 Acer Systems.
 Non Branded Systems.
 View Sonic Monitors.
 Samsung Monitors.
 LG Monitors.
 Philips Monitors
Printers:
Printers are output devices that produce text and graphics on paper.
Ink jet and laser printers are used in the offices for providing print facility
to staff and for printing work in administration Offices.
 Hewlett Packard Printers.

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 Zerox Printers.
Scanners:
Flatbed as well as jet scanners are used in the offices to scan
Customers Pictures, forms, documents etc.
 Hewlett Packard Scanners.
Key Board and Mouse:
The most frequently used pointing input devices are keyboard and
mouse. Both branded and non branded keyboards and mouse are used in the
Pakistan Railway offices.
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Network Structure:
Pakistan Railway comprises 8,775 route km, 781 stations and 42
trains halts. It has a fleet of 546 diesel electric locomotives, 25,815 wagons
and 2,099 passenger coaches. Maintenance is provided by three major
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locomotive workshops and thirty-five smaller workshops. Signaling facilities
at important stations are track circulated within interlocking limits. Most
routes have VHF radio coverage for communication between train
dispatchers and trains. Telephone Communication is over wire lines and
microwave. Freight traffic during the past five years has averaged 5-6
million tones per annum. It was 15 million tones per annum in the 1960 but
trucking has steadily taken over the freight market. The volume of freight
traffic in 1995/96 was approximately 5.1 billion-km. PR carried about 145
million passengers per annum in the 1970 but during the past five years, it
has dropped to 70 million per annum.
However the average distance per kilometre has increased from 80 km in
the 70's to about 260 km today. Competition from the inter-city bus services
is increasing and only an efficient rail service will be able to increase its
clientele. Pakistan Railways is multi system and operates on three gauges,
i.e. broad gauge, meter-gauge and narrow gauge. The gauge wise route
length and track length of Pakistan Railways on 30th June, 1996 were as
under:
Type of Route Route KM Track KM

Broad Gauge 7,718 11,344
Meter Gauge 445 555
Narrow Gauge 611 726
Total 8774 12625
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Currently Pakistan Railways functions under the guidance of Ministry
of Railways. The Railway Board comprises the Chairman and four
Members. The Chairman of the Board is ex-officio Secretary to the
Government of Pakistan. The four member of the board, namely Member
Traffic, Member Mechanical Engineering, Member Civil Engineering and
Member Finance are ex-officio Additional Secretary to the Government of
Pakistan. The Railway Board functions as a policy, planning and review
Board. In order to make Pakistan Railways a more efficient and viable
organization by following business led approach, a setup of Pakistan
Railways has been developed and wide powers are vested in the Board of
effectively supervise the running of the six functional units as follows:
a. Railways Operational Units.
b. Production Unit-I (Carriage factory/Islamabad, Automatic Vehicle
Launching Bride Section, Steel Shops etc).
c. Production Unit-II (Locomotive Factory, Risalpur, Locomotive
Rehabilitation Project).
d. Production Unit-III (Concrete Sleeper Factories, Flash butt Welding
Plant, Sukkur, etc.)
e. RAILCOP (Railway Construction Company, Pakistan Ltd.)
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f. PRACS (Pakistan Railway Advisory and Constancy Services Ltd.)
The General Manager heads the Railway Operation unit. The
remaining five units are headed by the Managing Directors who have full
autonomy for the running of their respective units. All Functional units are
accountable to the Railway Board.
A Task Force on Pakistan Railways was constituted by the Prime Minister
in March 1997, and was required to make specific recommendations for the
restructuring and reform of railways for the balanced and consistent
development of the railroad sector. The Task Force submitted
recommendations in April 1997.
Modernization Activities:
The major emphasis of Pakistan Railways has been on the
replacement of overage assets. Due to resource constraint, however, it is
now engaged in modernizing certain areas as best as it can. These include
the following:-
i. To ensure more comfortable journey it has been decided to manufacture
only lower class air-conditioned coaches in future.
ii. All second class coaches are being provided with cushioned seats.
iii. Reservation work has been computerized on modern lines at Lahore and
Karachi stations; the system's two major reservation centres.
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Computerization of reservation offices of Peshawar, Rawalpindi,
Faisalabad, Multan and Hyderabad is in progress and is likely to be
commissioned shortly. The steps are now underway to link these stations
with other major railway stations.
iv. Closed circuit televisions have been introduced at Lahore, Karachi,
Multan and Faisalabad railway stations. This entertainment is being
extended to Sukkur, Rawalpindi and Peshawar stations in the next phase.
Subak Kharam and Shalimar trains have also been provided with closed
circuit televisions and this system is being provided in Subak Raftar also.
v. Public address system is being provided in Subak Raftar, Subak Kharam,
Tezgam and Khyber Mail trains.
vi. Modernization of Karachi, Quetta, Hyderabad, Multan, Lahore,
Faisalabad, Rawalpindi and Peshawar Railway stations, removal of
hindrances on railway platforms and upgradation of approach roads are
being carried out.
vii. Private Sector is being encouraged to participate in the activities of the
system. As a first step, ticket selling and ticket checking on Lahore-
Faisalabad and Lahore-Narowal-Sialkot Sections have been privatized.
(viii). Feasibility study for a high-speed track is in hand.
Development Schemes:
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The Pakistan Railways has proposed major replacement and
rehabilitation schemes for the forthcoming five year plan.
An amount of Rs. 40 billion has been allocated for ongoing and new
works. The major physical components which would be completed during
the Plan period includes:
i. Doubling of track from Lodhran to Peshawar (800 Km) to ensure
sustained improvement in the turn round time of rolling stock and motive
power;
ii. Manufacture of 51 locomotives;
iii. Rehabilitation of 101 diesel electric locomotives;
iv. Manufacture of 175 new design light-weight passenger coaches;
v. Equipping 7000 wagons with roller bearing;
vi. Revamping of 14 electric locomotives;
vii. Procurement of 1400 high capacity wagons;
viii. Procurement of 50 wagon movers;
ix. Introduction of Management Information System;
x. Improvement and Rehabilitation of track to cater for high speeds;
xi. Telecommunication and Signaling Network on main and important
branch lines
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Pakistan Railways (reporting mark PR) is a national state-owned rail
transport service of Pakistan, head-quartered in Lahore. It is administered
by the federal government under the Ministry of Railways.
PR provides an important mode of transportation throughout
Pakistan. It is commonly referred to as the "life line of the country", by
aiding in large scale movement of people and freight throughout Pakistan.
The current chairman is Sami-ul-Haq Khilji.
.1. An efficient transportation system plays a vital role in the economic
development of a country Massive investment and development of
infrastructure is essential for sustainable
economic growth.
2. Pakistan has a natural geo-strategic location at the peripheral of
South Asia and Central Asia. In the south, the Arabian Sea forms a gateway
to the vast Eurasia hinterland and makes Pakistan a shortest route for
transit trade to the Central Asian Republics (CARs). Indian trade to the
region, in an economical/convenient manner, is also dependent on the
availability of passage through Pakistan.
3. Pakistan’s primary traffic movers Railways as well as Road are
concentrated along the South North Corridor linking the Central and the
Northern part of the country with Ports and commercial hubs in the south.
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4. In a rapidly growing economy like Pakistan, the need for a reliable
integrated transport is acutely felt. The raison d’etre of railways primarily
exists for mass transport; where it can be economically viable to survive as
a competitive business. Pakistan Railways (PR) has a definite edge over
Roads for long haul and Mass Traffic movement both for passengers and
freight in addition to a safe, economical and environmental friendly mode of
transport.
5. PR is a Public Sector Organization and provides service through an
obligation (PSO) relying on the back up support of the Government. A long
beginning since 1861 it once occupied a principal position in land transport
in the past.
6. Pakistan’s transportation network, albeit not as modern and efficient
as that of developed countries, is considerably more efficient than it was a
decade ago and the growth in demand for transportation services is
considerably higher than the GDP. PR is the only enterprise which provides
rail services in the country yet much is required of the planners enabling
rail transport to catch up with time.
7. The scale of PR historic debts, exorbitant escalating fuel prices, pay
& pension hikes and loss making passenger services are significant
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constraints limiting scope of investment for infrastructural and services
development.
8. The total road infrastructure stretches 260,000 km of which 60% is
paved. Road density is 0.32 km/km. An increase of 15.4% has been achieved
since 1996-97.
9. The main arteries along the corridor are the 1819 km long N-5 which
serves 80% of Pakistan’s urban population and carries 65% of intercity
traffic and the Indus Highway (N-55) an access free, 4 lanes divided facility
with a capacity of 66,000 Passenger Car Units (PCUs) per day.
10. During 1990-2005 railways share in the freight sector declined from
14% to 4.2%. It did register a recovery in 2000-01 when its freight traffic
grew by over 20% as against an average decline of 4.4% in 1990’s.
11. Road transport system makes up 90 percent of passenger and 96
percent of freight movement. National Highways and Motorways network.
(10,849 km) constitute 4.2% of the road network and carries 90 percent of
Pakistan’s total traffic.
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Database and Backup Management:
Organizational data such as customers, financial records and other
sensitive information is critical to the operation of a business. Ensuring that
your information is protected and running as efficiently as possible is a
difficult task for most IT departments. Pakistan Railways has experienced
engineers that are required to ensure that the mission-critical information
stored in databases is readily available regardless of any situation.
Automatic database backup:

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A database may become unusable due to a wide variety of hardware
or software failures. Automatic database backup simplifies database backup
management tasks for the DBA by always ensuring that a recent full backup
of the database is performed as needed. It determines the need to perform a
backup operation based on one or more of the following measures:
• You have never completed a full database backup.
• The time elapsed since the last full backup is more than a specified
number of hours.
• The transaction log space consumed since the last backup is more
than a specified number of 4 KB pages (in archive logging mode
only).
• Protect your data by planning and implementing a disaster recovery
strategy for your system. If suitable to your needs, you may
incorporate the automatic database backup feature as part of your
backup and recovery strategy.
• If the database is enabled for roll-forward recovery (archive logging),
then automatic database backup can be enabled for either online or
offline backup. Otherwise, only offline backup is available.
• Automatic database backup supports disk, tape, Tivoli(R) Storage
Manager (TSM), and vendor DLL media types.

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• Through the Configure Automatic Maintenance wizard in the Control
Center or Health Center, you can configure:
1. The requested time or number of log pages between backups.
2. The backup media.
3. Whether it will be an online or offline backup.
If backup to disk is selected, the automatic backup feature will
regularly delete backup images from the directory specified in the Configure
Automatic Maintenance wizard. Only the most recent backup image is
guaranteed to be available at any given time. It is recommended that this
directory be kept exclusively for the automatic backup feature and not be
used to store other backup images.
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The automatic database backup feature can be enabled or disabled by
using the auto_db_backup and auto_maint database configuration
parameters. In a partitioned database environment, the automatic database
backup runs on each database partition if the database configuration
parameters are enabled on that database partition.
Database Services:
Database backup strategy design
• Disaster recovery planning
• Accidental data-loss recovery
Database Maintenance and Performance Analysis
• Query Performance Optimization
• Database Schema Performance Optimization
• Database De-Fragmenting
• Growing, Shrinking or Purging Databases
• Moving Databases
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Database Migrations:
• Migrate databases to a new server
• Migrate any database to or from any of these popular
databases
• My SQL
• Microsoft SQL Server
• Oracle
• DB/2
• Progress
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Security of Data:
Security is a balance between maintaining the ease of use of resources
in the organization and controlling access to those resources. Putting
together a security program that restricts both users and attacks can be time
consuming and costly. A security program that pushes the balance too far
toward control may disgruntle users with policies that limit them from
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effectively doing their work. Following are some methods adopted by BUL
in this context:
 Authentication of servers.
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 Hardware Firewall is used.
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 Software firewall is used.
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 Backup Persons can only take backups.
 Online Backup.
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 Tapes and DVD’s are kept under heavy security.
Online Presence:
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 Online Ticketing and Reservation system for Passengers 24
hours.
 Online booking system.
 Online Cargo Service.
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Conclusion & Recommendations:
A management information system is a system or process that
provides the information necessary to manage an organization effectively.
MIS and the information it generates are generally considered essential
components of prudent and reasonable business decisions.
This report discuss all the activities that the Management
Information System perform in our selected organization “Pakistan
Railways”. The report start with the whole history of Rail transport,
introduction of Rail transport in Subcontinent and the Background of the
Beginning Rail transport in Pakistan.
The details of Hardware and Software used at Pakistan Railways are
also discussed in the report of us. Pakistan Railways have their own
National base website for their customers.
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Suggestions:
• The Rail services should be improved and must be provided to the

Passenger in time.
• The salaries of the employees should be reasonable.
• There should be screening of employees because the no. of employees
working is more than required.
• Overall system should be computerized to save time, money and
resources of the Organization. Pakistan Railways must have to
introduce automation in its processes and improve MIS system.
• The HR department of the Pakistan Railways is not playing an
effective role. Proper arrangement should be made for professionals
by issuing detailed job description and job specification to get
maximum profit from them.
• Pakistan Railways should decrease its Service rent because in
present environment Organization can retain its
Passengers(Customers) through this strategy.
47

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Pakistan Railways Project

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Acknowledgement

In the name of Allah the praiseworthy, the passionate whose blessings

made it possible for us to complete this complex task.

It is a matter of great Pleasure and enthusiasm for us to complete our

project. It is all because of Almighty Allah’s great guidance that made us do

We are especially thankful to our respected Teacher Mr. Naseem

Qaiser who provided us an opportunity to prepare this Project report and

to complete this project. We are also thankful to the organization we have

Topics Page Number

History of Rail Transport:

transport systems first appeared in England in the 1820s. These systems,

mechanized land transport for the next 100 years.

functioned like a turnpike road. There were no official services, as anyone

could bring a vehicle on the railway by paying a toll.

In 1812 Oliver Evans, an American engineer and inventor, published

by a network of long distance railways plied by speedy locomotives, greatly

trains going in different directions. Unfortunately, conditions in the infant

United States did not enable his vision to take hold.

agent, was inspired by the development of the steam locomotive to suggest a

national network of railways. It seems likely in 1808 James attended the

demonstration running of Richard Trevithick’s steam locomotive Catch me

term development of this means of transport. He was responsible for

proposing a number of projects that later came to fruition, and he is

credited with carrying out a survey of the Liverpool and Manchester

Railway. Unfortunately, he became bankrupt and his schemes were taken

over by George Stephenson and others. However, he is credited by many

historians with the title of "Father of the Railway".

using rails made of rolled wrought iron, produced at Bedlington Ironworks

of Darlington with the port of Stockton-on-Tees, and was intended to enable

local collieries (which were connected to the line by short branches) to

wagons or chaldrons by locomotive power, something that required a

scheduled or timetabled service of trains. However, the line also functioned

as a toll railway, where private horse drawn wagons could be operated

This curious hybrid of a system (which also included, at one stage, a

traffic was restricted to timetabled trains. (However, the tradition of private

owned wagons continued on railways in Britain until the 1960s.)

The success of the Stockton and Darlington encouraged the rich

investors of the rapidly industrializing North West of England to embark

upon a project to link the rich cotton manufacturing town of Manchester

could maintain a regular service over the distance involved. A widely

Stephenson's Rocket, which had superior steaming qualities as a

consequence of the installation of a multi-tubular boiler (suggested by

Henry Booth, a director of the railway company).

line opened on 15 September 1830, they found to their amazement that

Manchester railway influenced the development of railways elsewhere in

and experience upon this line.

It must be remembered that the Liverpool and Manchester line was

Introduction of Railways in Subcontinent:

possibility of Karachi becoming a major seaport. Sir Henry Edward Frere,

who was appointed as the Commissionar of SindhS, sought permission from

to Lahore and beyond.

By 1886, there were four railway companies operating in what would

become Pakistan. The Scinde (Sindh) Railways, Indian Flotilla Company,

(NWR). This would eventually become Pakistan Railways in 1947.

Another railway line between Karachi and Keamari was opened on

By 1898 as the network began to grow, another proposed railway line

In 1947, after Pakistan became an independent state, 1,947 route

miles (3,133 km) of North Western Railways were transferred to Pakistan

from British India.

in 1956 the Jacobabad-Kashmore 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge line was

constructed between 1969 and 1973 providing an alternative route from

Karachi to northern Pakistan.

History of Pakistan Railways: