Amar Vastu - Jodh Singh

gq e ke L
;zs i'X f;zx

fBowb nkow
fo he/ .
o ;G jZe gqeke d/ okyt/A jB.

o gfjbh tko 1000 gqshnK - 1 wkou, 2012
o G/Nk - ftuko ns/ nwb
w[doe L
nBh; nkc;?N gq?;
BthA fdZbh.
sseok
o rqzE nwo t;s{ pko/
o G{fwek
1. t? o kr gq e oD
fti'rh dk t?okr s/ gqhsw dh gqkgsh bJh sVg
2. r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD

;fsr[o{ dh y'i ftu emBkJh
Z[G eowK d`kok ;fsr[o{ dh gqkgsh
nksw gqkgsh ;fsr[o{ d`kok jh j[zdh j?
3. ;s T[ g d/ gq e oD
(i)
(vii)
1-6
2
7-18
7
14
15
19-42
d/j nkfd gqgzu s/ d/j dh joes eokT[D tkbh ;sk d/ pko/ gqB
19
wjKtke
22
fti'rh dh xpok e/ gqkoEBk
22
d/j nzdo nksw i'sh
22
d/j jh nkswk j? (zek)
26
wB jh nkswk j? (zek)
28
nkswk d/ d/j ftu nkT[D s/ ikD pko/ gqB
30
w'j s/ gq/w
33
d?th-;zgsh
35
gqG{-gq/whnK dh sVg
4. fBofteko nksw gqeoD
38
43-192
nB`: tsho/e :[esh d`kok ikfrqs nkfd nt;EK n;s

s/ nkswk ;s dh f;Xh
44
ikfrqs s/ ;[gB dh ;wkBsk
45
ekoD ekoi dh nf;Xh
54
jo o{g ftu s{z
57
nkswk o{g ;{oi ftu nftdk o{g oksqh dk nGkt
59
wB Bkb nkyoh c?;bk
60
T[g/: dh gqkgsh pknd T[gkfJnK dh fBcbsk
63
wB B{z t; eoB d/ uko (4) T[gkfJ
64
wB nksw ;ò{g jh j?
67
d/j ofjs ;fsr[o{
74
nd`?s fuzsB
85
d' ftfdnK-ngok s/ gok

;fsr[o{ dh e;tNh
92
98
fJzdqhnK dk ;ziw
gqhsw nkswk bJh jh ;G e[M fgnkok brdk j?
101
104
fBowkDsk nkfd ;kXB

ekwBktK dk nGkt s/ gow-rsh
116
118
fBfeq: nkswk d/ p'X tkb/ dh fBeossk

t
121
eow s/ neow
eost s/ neost dh tzv
127
134
w[esh dk ;ò{g
143
ekwBk nB[;ko nZSh p[oh rsh s/ fBekw pqjwt/sk dh w[esh
146
frnkBtkB dh fB;fuzss-fBoG? fJ;fEsh

B/fs B/fs fBod/ d`kok gqekfs j'D tkbk fBoG? nkswk pqjw
157
161
;[Gkfte Ks gd s/ ihtB w[es d/ bZSD
167
;z : ftgo:/ d/ Bk bJh fdqVQ nksw nfGnk;

i'rh d/ fus dhnK ;s (7) G{fweK
174
180
nb"fee w;sh
185
fti'rh dk nB[Gt
5. Grsh gqeoD
fpoj
189
193-260
194
gqG{ j[ew nzdo ;G ihtK dh joes
199
gq G { oD
T[Zdw ns/ gqG{ oD
203
206
oB rqjD eo u[e/ Grs dh fBeos:sk

t
225
u/sktBh
228
nb"fee ozr
[G n[G fJZSk
230
233
;/te s/ ;fsr[o{
235
d[oGkr/ iht dh d[orsh

r'ftzd fdq Nh
gq/wh dh gqG{ Bkb nG/dsk
237
238
241
ebfgs t;s{ nfXmkB ;ò{g jh j?
252
d/j d/ j[zd/ ftd/j nt;Ek

gow Ksh
257
258
o rqzE d/ eosk dh ;cb ihtB :ksok
261
gq G { !
bU ! fJj nkg dh ouBk
nkg d/ jh nogD j?.
- joh
p/ B sh
w/o/ g{i wjkoki ih d/ nkgDh w"i ftu
fby/ j'J/ b/yK B{z d/y e/ wB gqrN eoB s'A o[e Bk ;fenk
feT[Afe Grsh ns/ frnkB wkor dk Bu'V jB.
p/e nkg ih dk fJBQK B{z SkgD pko/ e'Jh fnkb BjhA ;h
go nB[Gth puBK B{z ;wM e/ id
fJj wB Ks j' frnk j? sK
j'o ;iD i' fe nksw-doB bJh sVg oj/ jB,
nKs feT[A ofjD< fJ; nk/ B{z b? e/
nksw-nfGbkhnK d/ gftsq jEK ftu
nwo t;s{ g[ikJh j?.
fJj frnkBtkBK d/ puBK dk ;zrqfj j?,
fJ; bJh ft/ nsh ;{yw j?. gq/wh iB ;z;koh fynkbK
B{z o'e e/ ftuko eoB sK i' p[Xh nb"fee ozr
Bkb S/sh ozrh ikt/. fJjh w/o/ fJ; :sB dk Gkt j?
ns/ J/;/ ftu jh w/oh g{oB ;cbsk j?.
- vkH ;[oihs f;zx
(g{ o p gq e k e)
46, joh fBtk;
oDihs o'v
ibzXo SkT[Dh (gzikp)
rqzE nwo t;s{ pko/

dk; B{z r[opkDh gVQB ns/ ;[DB dh brB sK w/o/ g{iBhe ftfdnkdksk r[o{d/t fBowb/ wjKg[oy, g{iBhe ;qhwkB ;zs pkpk r'gkb f;zx ih
B/, pugB s'A jh bk fdZsh ;h.
r[owzsqVk fusko BkBe d[y B Ehtjh..
r[opkDh d/ c[owkB nB[;ko r[owzsq d/ ikg ns/ Bkw nfGnk; dh wfjwk
dZ; e/, fJj fB;uk th gqgZe eok fdZsk ;h feBkw fpBk ;fG e{V[ rkbh j'Shnk..
gqzs{ id'A 27 e[ ;kb dh T[wo ;h sK nksfwe frnkB dh fgnk;
pqjwfrnkBh ;qhwkB ;zs pkpk fBZek f;zx ih ftoZes wjkoki ih B/
ikrqs (T[ikro) ehsh. nkg ih B/ r[opkDh gkm d/ Bkb-Bkb fiZE/
noE p[ZXh ph, T[ZE/ jh t/dKs k;sq d/ ;ob rqzEK dk nfXn?B eoB,
f;nkD/ ;fs;zrh g[oK Bkb p?me/ uouk eoB, ;[DB ns/ ;wMD bJh
gq/oDk ehsh. ;w/A-;w/A nkg ih nfsnzs pyf eoe/, fJ; wB-p[ZXh d/
;z;/ th d{o eod/ oj/. ftoZes wjkoki ih r[opkDh d/ j[ewBkw/ dh
eEk* efonk eod/ ;B. T[BQK dh feqgk ns/ ofjws ;dek eJh tko dk;
B{z T[BQK d/ eEk eoB ;w/A ;qh w[ytke gVQB dk ;[Gkr th gqkgs j[zdk fojk.
gfjbK gfjb sK T[BQK dh eEk xZN jh ;wM nkT[Adh ;h gqzs{ id'A s'A nkg
ih B/ e[ZM e[ t/dKs k;sq d/ rqzEK dh gqfeqnk ns/ r[opkDh d/ r[ji
noE ;wMD dh p[ZXh pyh sK T[j nb"fee eEk ;qtD eoe/, fJj wB
nksfwe-o; fpG'o ofjD bZr fgnk ;h.
;zB 1976 JhH ftZu r[o{d/t ;qhwkB ;zs pkpk r'gkb f;zx ih d/
pqjwbhB j' ikD T[gqzs dk; dk wB ;z;ko s'A T[gokw ofjD bZr fgnk.
ikDh-ikD ;fsr[o{ ;zs pkpk fBZek f;zx ih ftoZes wjkoki ih B/
*
ftoZes wjkoki ih dhnK fJBQK eEktK dk ;zrqfj ;ji eEk Bkwe g[;se
4 GkrK u T[gbGd j? i' fe fBowb nkow, fohe/ s'A jo ;w/A G/Nk ofjs
gqkgs ehsk ik ;edk j?.
(i)
fJ; T[gokwsk ns/ T[dk;hBsk dh jkbs B{z d/yd/ j'J/, fJZe fdB
fBowb e[Nhnk, eoBkb fty/ fJZe gq/wh B{z j[ew ehsk fe GkJh! T[j
gzikph dk rqzE fijVk fgSb/ jcs/ gfVQnk ;h, T[j fbnk e/ fJjB{z
(w?Bz{) d/ d/. nrb/ fdB ;t/o/ jh T[j rqzE g{i: wjkoki ih B/ dk; B{z
pyf ehsk ns/ c[owkfJnk b? GkJh! fJ; g'Eh B{z uzrh soQK ftuko
g{ope ;wMe/ gVQhA ns/ tko-tko gVQe/, T[gd/K dk wzBD eoe/ fB;uk
gekJhA. fiZE'A Bk ;wM nkt/, ;kE'A g[ZS fbnk eohA.
fJjh ;h T[j d[obZG rqzE nwo t;s{ i' fe fBowb/ wjKg[oy ;qhwkB
;zs johuoB f;zx joh ih dh feqs j? ns/ nZi ;kv/-s[jkv/ jZEK ftZu
j?. wjKg[oyK d/ j[ew Bkb ns/ T[BQK dh jh feqgk Bkb i' gqwkoE d/ r[ZM/
G/d ;wMD dh brB ;h, ;' fJZe soQK Bkb wkBf;e y[oke pD rJh. T[;
nksfwe frnkB o{gh G'iB B{z Se e/ wkBf;e fsqgsh :kBh ;zs[Nh ns/
fjod/ ftZu Ksh dk tk;k j'D bZfrnk. ;Zuyzvtk;h ;zs joh ih wjkoki
gqsh th nEkj oXk tXh fiBQK B/ T[Zsw nfXekohnK bJh fJ; rqzE
ftZu nkgD/ nB[Gth puB k;sqK d/ p/nzs gqwkDK ;fjs gqeoD-pZX
eoe/ g/ ehs/ jB.
;qhwkB ;zs pkpk fBZek f;zx ftoZes ih wjkoki B/ dk; B{z
fpp/e p[ZXh p h fi; B{z t/yd/, ikDd/ j'J/ fJ; wB B{z M{m/, fwfEnk ns/
ebfgs ;z;ko d/ nDj'J/ gdkoEK s'A nBk;es eoB bJh, fd;dhnDfd;dh f;qNh d/ ;{yw s/ ;E{b gdkoEK d/ ebfgs Bkw ns/ o{g dh
BkwkBsk pko/ n;bhns ;wMk e/ p?okr dh pyf ehsh. nkg ih B/
jh fJ; dk ftZu ;d?th ;Zu, r[o{-gqw/o dh J/esk ns/ nd`?s d/ nb"fee
nBzdwJh f;XKs ftZu gqgZesk eotkJh. ;zg{oD ;z;koh ;zebgK-ftebgK
dk fsnkr eotk e/ e/tb oDkrsh, j[ew ns/ GkD/ ftZu ofjzd/ j'J/
gqkoZpX nB[;ko ihtB p;o eoB dh fJ;fEsh pyh. id'A t?okr dh j'o
th shpo nt;Ek nkJh sK dk; dhnK p/BshnK B{z gqtkB eod/ j'J/,
sqZ[m e/ ngD/ uoBK dh ;/tk pyf ehsh ns/ GrtK G/y d/e/, ngD/
gktB r[o{-;EkB ;qh fBowb nkow-fohe/ gj[zu e/ gow g{iBhe
;qhwkB wjzs pkpk okw f;zx ih Bkb fwb e/ v/o/ dh ;/tk ;zGkbD bJh
nBzs n;h;K d/e/ ns/ fJbkjh j[ew eo e/ G/i fdZsk.
(ii)
fohe/ nke/ ;/tk d/ Bkb-Bkb id'A ;wK th y[ZbQk fwfbnk sK

gqwkoEe rqzE gVQB-gVQkT[D dh o[uh j'o gqpb j'Jh. T[d'A jh ;qh joh
ih dh feqs rqzE nwo t;s{ dh xkN wfj;{; j'Jh. fe;/ gq/wh s'A wzr e/
fJZe g[okDh g[;se s'A gqeke dk gsk 46-joh fBtk;, oDihs
o'v, ibzXo SkT[Dh B'N eoe/, fJZe gq/wh B{z T[BQK s'A rqzE fbnkT[D
bJh G/fink. nwo t;s{ d/ gq e ke vkH ;[ o ihs f;z x ih ibz X o
tkfbnK B/ gzi g[;seK gq;zBsk g{ope d/ fdZshnK ns/ fco g[;seK
wzrtkT[D dk fJj f;bf;bk brksko ikoh fojk. fit/A-fit/A nwo
t;s{ g'Eh ifrnk;{nK d/ jZEK sZe gj[zudh ojh, T[t/A-T[t/A jh fJ;
nw'be ykB/ dh wzr tXD bZrh ns/ vkeNo ;kfjp fBo;ze'u g[;seK
d/e/ y[bQfdbh Bkb ;/tk eod/ oj/.
nkyoeko fJe tko vkH ;kfjp ih B/ g'EhnK b?D rJ/ gq/wh s'A
g[ZfSnk fe fJj g[;seK feZE/ b? e/ iKd/ j'< e'Jh gVQdk th j? fe BjhA<
T[Zso ftZu gq/wh B/ fejk fe fBowb nkow-fohe/ ftZu fJZe ;zs
pkpk ih jB i' fJ; rzqE B{z gVQd/, gVQkT[Ad/ ns/ shyD p[Xh tkb/ T[Zsw
nfXekoh ifrnk;{nK B{z w[cs G/Nk th eod/ jB. vkH ;kfjp ih B/
fejk fe sK fco ;zsK B{z ej' fe T[j nkg/ jh Sgtk b?D ns/ tzvd/
ofjD, ;kB{z e'Jh fJsok BjhA. n;hA th ;/tk eod/ jK, T[BQK B/ th ;/tk
eoBh j?, ;' pVh y[h Bkb eo b?D. t?;/ th n;hA sK j[D kfJd Bk jh
SgtkJhJ/ feT[Afe ;kvk oho fpqX j' frnk j?, ;kv/ e'b e'Jh nkT[Adk
th BjhA. fJj puB j'fJnK e[ZM ;kb phs/ sK T[jh gq/wh id'A fco
g'EhnK b?D bJh T[BQK e'b frnk sK fco T[BQK B/ T[jh rZb d[jokJh.
;qhwkB ;zs johuoB f;zx joh ih d/ nfBzB ;/te, T[j fdnkb{ g[o
fJ; g[;se B{z Sgtk e/ tzvD bJh jw/k jh T[skj Goh ;bkj fdzd/ oj/.
T[; nXko s/ dk; B/ T[BQK B{z T[;/ gq/wh okjhA fBzwosk ;fjs p/Bsh
ehsh fe i/eo vkeNo ;kfjp rqzE nwo t;s{ B{z SkgD d/ nfXeko
fbysh o{g ftZu d/ d/D sK fJj nsh T[Zsw ;/tk th fBowb nkowfohe/ tZb'A j' ikt/rh. fJT[A p/Bsh gqtkB eoe/ ;qhwkB vkH ;[oihs
f;zx ih B/ ngDh [ZG fJZSk ns/ dk; dh shpo ifrnk;k B{z g{oD
eoB bJh gqekB d/ nfXeko fbys o{g ftZu d/ fdZs/. fJ; [ZG ekoi
(iii)
bJh dk;, T[BQK dk nsh XzBtkdh ns/ foDh j? ns/ oj/rk. fJ;d/
cb;ò{g j[D fJ; g'Eh ftZu Gkk dhnK e[ZM e[ io{oh ;'XK eoe/ ns/
Bt/A f;foT[A NkJhg ;?fNzr (Type-Setting) eotk e/ SgtkfJnk frnk
j?. fJ; rqzE dh G/Nk ftuko ns/ nwb oZyh rJh j?. fJ; nw'be G/Nk
d/ pdb/ fJj d[obZG kBk j[D gqwkoE d/ T[Zsw nfXekohnK d/ jZEK
sZe gj[zu fojk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk gzikp ns/ j'o ;{fpnK dhnK
:{Bhtof;Nh-gZXo dhnK bkfJpq/ohnK ftZu G/iD dk gqpzX th ehsk
ikt/rk sK fe ;w{j ftZdtkB, y'ikoEh ns/ j'o gVQ/ fby/ nfGbkyh
;ZiD nfXnkswtkd d/ fJ; tvw[Zb/ fBowb frnkB Gog{o ;kfjs s'A
bkjk b? ;eD.
fJ; ;KM/ T[gokb/ Bkb fiZE/ T[; wjkB y;hns ;q h wkB ;z s
johuoB f;zx joh ih d/ wjkB T[d/ dh g{osh j't/rh, T[ZE/ jh g{op
gqeke ;zs ;/th, ftZdtkB, oXktkB ns/ T[dkofuZs fdnkb{ ;q h wkB
vkH ;[oihs f;zx ih d[nkok ehsh iKdh ojh fBekw ;/tk, nrKj B{z
th T[;/ soQK ikoh oj/rh ns/ T[BQK dh ;/tk dk n;b wzst th g{ok j[zdk
oj/rk.
gkme ;ZiDK B{z p/Bsh j? fe fJ; d[obZG nfXnksfwe ouBk B{z
oXk :[es j' e/ gVQB, ftuko eoB ns/ T[BQK d/ :EkoE T[gd/K s/
ftuko ns/ nwb eoe/ wjKg[oyK tZb'A oZyh G/Nk (ftuko ns/ nwb)
fBmk o{g ftZu ndk eoB. fJ; gqeko ;fsr[o{ ih dh feqgk Bkb fiZE/
nkg ih d/ ihtB ftZu T[;ko{ pdbkn nkt/rk T[ZE/ jh wjKg[oyK dh
feqgk d[nkok ;kvh ehsh fJj s[ZS ;/tk th ;cb j't/rh.
p/Bsh eosk
;zs i'X f;zx (gq e ke)

fBowb nkow
fBowb wkor, fohe/ - 249 201
fwsh L 14 iBtoh, 2012 (wkxh)
fibQk d/jokd{B (T[Zsokyzv)
(iv)
;ze/se nyoK dk toDB

B'N L- (nzr HHHHHHH) ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ jB.
pL BkL nH 2 pfuZso BkNe, nXk: 2
dL rqzL d;w rqzE
eL T[L 2. 2. 3em' g fB d, nX k: 2 pbh 2 b' e 3.
e/L T[L 1. 2e/B T[gfBd, yzv 1 b' e 2.
fpqjLT[L3. 8. 11fpq j dkoD:e T[ g fBd, nXk:
3 pqkjwD 8
b' e 11.
GkL r[L - GkJh r[odk;
w[zL T[L 3. 1. 5w[zve T[gfBd, w[zve 3 yzv 1 b' e 5.
wKL T[L t?L ekL 12wKv{e T[gfBd, t?sE gqeoD, ekoek 12.
wKL T[L nd`?L ekL 10wKv{e T[gfBd, nd`?s gqeoD, ekoek 10.
wKL T[L nbkL ekL 40wKv{e T[gfBd, nbks Ksh gqeoD ekoek 40.
wKL T[L nkL ekL 10-wKv{e T[gfBd, nkrw ekoek 10.
SKL T[L 6 . 1. 4SKd' r T[ g fBd, nXk: 6 yzv 1 b' e 4.
s?L T[L 2. 4. 1s?sqh: T[gfBd, pbh 2 nB[tke 4 b' e 1.
ftL ;kL 5. 161ftuko ;kro, sozr 5, Szd 161.
rhL nL 4 L 16;qhwd Grtd rhsk, nXk: 4 b' e 16.
wB[L wB[ f;fwqsh.
;{sL w[L nL 5;{s ;zxsk, w[esh yzv, nXk: 5.
wjkL KLwjK Gkos Ksh gop.
:'L tkL:'r tkf;N.
ftt/eL u{Lftt/e u{Vk wDh.
GkrL ;L 11Gkrts ;ezd 11.
ngL nB[ngo'y nB[G{sh.
(v)
gq k oEBk
s{z jh g{oB s{z ngo ngkok.
uko'A soc jh s/ok Bkok..
fe;/ ej/A :j ngBk gokfJnk.
ip fe s{z B/ jh ouB oukfJnk..
G/d wB ek jh wB e' ;skt/
fdq fdq Nk j? y/bQ s[wQkok.
s{z jh g{oB s{z ngo ngkok..
uko'A soc jh s/ok Bkok..
G{b/ GNe/ E/ jw ep e/ okjh.
G? d/sh Eh fBs iw eh ckjh..
e'Jh ;[Bsk Bk Ek :j d[jkJh
nk e/ ;fsr[o B/ fJe sho wkok.
s{z jh g{oB s{z ngo ngkok..
uko' A so jh s/ o k Bkok..
ip ;/ ;fsr[o e' s{z B/ fwbkfJnk.
godk d{oh ek fSB w/A T[VkfJnk..
rqjD fsnkr eh fuzsk Bk;h.
jw s'A o{g E/ gqG{ ih s[wQkok..
uko' A so jh w/ o k Bkok..
w?A jh g{oB w?A ngo ngkok.
uko' A so jh w/ o k B kok..
(vi)
f G{fwek f
fJj e'Jh n;uoi rb BjhA i' fJ;, g{oB ftd`kB ns/ nkswdoh g[o K d/ eEB :'r ft: B{z, fJj dk; Gh T[s kj :[es j'fJnk
fbyD ftu gqftos j' frnk j?. i' wB nkfd fJzdqhnK dk nft: gqG{
nkgDh nfBotuBh: esh d`kok nkgDk ft: nkg j' iKdk j?, T[j
fe;/ nbg wfs ftu fJ;fEs j'e/ nkgDh uouk nkg feT[A BjhA eok
;edk<
w{e T[uo? ;k;sq yfN fgzr froB ufVQ ikfJ.
nzX by? pXo' ;[B? i' ekb feqgk eokfJ.
(pH BkH nH 2)
p/ e fJj fJ;dk nkgDk jh ft: ;h sK Gh fJ; nb/y ft: B{z

fbyD bJh wB ;zebg BjhA T[mkT[Adk ;h gqzs{206))
ekm eh g[soh ejk eo? pg[oh fybktBjko' ikB?. (nzr 206
fJ; bJh fdq: t;s{nK dk fdqNk-frnksk gqG{ i' jo fJe d/
wB ftu nkgDk-nkg j' e/ fpokiwkB j' fojk j?, T[;dh gq/oDk jh,
fJ; rqzE d/ nkozG dk Bfws ikD b?Dk ukjhdk j?. fJ; gq/oDk dk Bfws
eh j?< fJj T[;dh woh j?. fJ; go ftebg jh BjhA T[mdk.
gow g{ i ;qhwkB 108 gzfvs gq/w f;zx ih wjkoki (j'sh tkb/)
eByb (jfod[nko) fBtk;h dh fJ; dk; go ngko d:k fdqNh j'Jh i'
;z;kfoe ftZdk dh tke h ns s' A fpBK , fJj gqwò/ ;zpzXh fJe rb Gh
BjhA ;h ikDdk-nfij/ nBikD B{z pqjw-ftdk dk dkB fdsk. nkgD/
gftsq uoBK ftu fBtk; d/ e/ , fBs jh pkozpko iht ns/ pqjw dh
J/esk d/ r[gs oj;wJh puB ;wMkT[Ad/ oj/ jB. nkg ih dh pqjw
fBmk fJsBh fdqVQ ;h i' id Gh gft sq w[y d`kok puB p'bd/, T[j d`?s
d/ ftBke ns/ nd`?s ftu pd'pdh gqt/ eok d/D tkb/ jh j[zd/ ;B.
nkg ih dh jh feqgkbsk dk cb j? i' fJj rqzE nwo t;s
t;s{ nkg b'eK
d/ j;s-ewbK ftu j?.
fJ; dk; go nkg dk i' T[geko j'fJnk, T[j eEB s'A pkjo j?.
nkg sK jo fJe go jh fJsB/ feqgkb{ ;B i' fi; ;kX{ B{z Gh ftdk s/
(vii)
nGk; s'A {B d/yd/, T[;h B{z nkgD/ gk;'A g[;se ns/ ou d/e/ ftdk
gVQB s/ nGk; ftu gqftos eo fdzd/ ;B. ftd`kB gzfvs sK T[;
tes nkg d/ ;kEh j'o Gh ;B gqzs{ nkg ih d/ ftu ft/sk fJj ;h i'
pqjw-q'sqh: jh BjhA, pqjw-fBm Gh ;B.
fJ; rqzE ftu T[gfBdK ns/ rhsk nkfd ;z;feqs rqzEK d/ gqwkD
;z;feqs pkDh ftu BjhA fby/ feT[Afe gzikph ftu [X gkm fbyDk s/
T[ukoBk emB j? ns/ fJj Gh ekoB j? i' gzikph d/ p'X tkfbnK B{z d/
t pkDh ftu fby/ gqwkDK dk bkG Gh e'Jh BjhA. fJ; bJh T[gfBd
nkfd ;z;feqs rqzE ;fjs zeo Gk d/ fjzdh nB[tkd dh ;jkfJsk
Bkb gzikph ftu jh b'eK dk fpbe[b ;jh-;jh e/tb noE fby
fdsk j?. ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ gqwkDK dk nzr 1430 ;c/ tkbh phV
w[skfpe fbfynk frnk j?.
fJj fe;/ wQph ;z;ekoK dk gquko BjhA ehsk, e/tb r'ftzd gqG{ dh
uouk noEks T[;dh gqkgsh d/ :EkoE T[gkfJ d;/ jB. nkgDk nkswk
jh fBozeko o{g s/ ;opsq g{oB nB[Gt j't,/ fJ; ss`-t;s{ B{z fdykT[D
tkb/ i' Gh fe;/ rqzE-t/d, k;sq, rhsk ns/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp nkfd d/
puB fwb/, T[j gqwkD o{g s/ fds/ jB. p/e fjzd{ b'e t/d, k;sq s/ rhsk
nkfd d/ gqwkD ukj[d
z / jB ns/ f;y, ;qh r[o{ rqE
z ;kfjp ih s/ j'o r[o{ xo
Bkb ;zpzXs rqzEK d/ jh gqzs{ fJj sK fBok wQph s[n;p j? feT[Afe gq/wh B{z
e/tb n;bhns ukjhJ/ :kBh gqG{ doB bJh f;Xk ;zpX
z oyD tkb/
puBK dh jh b'V j? Gkt/A fe;/ Gh rqE
z d/ j'D. i' nkgD/ nkswk fBozeko
d/ doB bJh sVgdk s/ ftnke[b j?, T[j ;uk gq/wh ed'A fe;/ d/ ekp{
nkT[Adk j?< fgnk; Bkb p/u?B g[o ed'A d/ydk j? fe w?A fJ; y{j dk ib
ghDk j? s/ fJ; dk BjhA< ib [ZX, ;`kfdN ns/ fBowb j'Dk ukjhJ/ Gkt/
A fe;/ Gh y{j dk j't/, nt jh fgnk; p[Mk e/ Ksh fdzdk j?.
o[gJ/, g?;/ s/ B'N ed/ Gh fe;/ B/ BjhA d/y/ fe fjzd{ gk;'A nkJ/ jB :k
f;y, w[;bwkB, Jh;kJh, Gzrh iK uwko nkfd gk;'A. MN i/p ftu gkT[Adk
j? ns/ nkgDk gq:'iB f;X eodk j?. rzdh Bkbh ftu gJ/ j'J/ bkb B{z
e'Jh BjhA Svdk, X' e/ i/p ftu gk fbnk iKdk j?. fsT[A jh
(viii)
e/tb nksw nB[Gth g[oK d/ puBK dh b'V j? Gkt/A fe;/ th rqzE s/

fe;/ wQp d/ j'D, nt jh gqG{ doB eok e/ Ksh fdzd/ jB feT[Afe
gqwkswk ;zpzXh frnkBtkBK d/ puB fJe' fij/ jh j[zd/ jB. fJ; bJh
nkgD/ nkg dh ;[rzXh b?D tk;s/ c[btkVhnK s'A ;[zdo c[b u[D/ jB.
wsbp sK gqG{ Bkb nG/d j'D dk j?, rqzEK iK wQpK Bkb BjhA. nkgD/
rqzEK, wQpK :k ntskoK Bkb wsbp j[zdk j?, wQph gquko tkfbnK B{z
feT[Afe i/ T[j d{i/ dh jhDsk ns/ nkgDh ft/sk Bk fdykT[D sK
T[BQK dk wsbp jb BjhA j[zdk :kBh nkgD/ dkfJo/ o{g ikb ftu, iht
o{g gzSh c;d/ BjhA. gqzs{ p[XhwkB ir:k;{, nkg n;bhns B{z d/ye/
gqftos j[zd/ jB feT[Afe T[BQK dk sK gq:'iB jh gqG{ gqkgsh dk j[zdk j?,
wQpK dk BjhA.
T[;dh fwjo j? i' fJ; wB B{z nkgD/ ezw bk Sfvnk j?. j' ;edk j?
i' fJj fpoj nrBh Bkb ;V/ iKd/ gq/wh-iBK B{z ;hsbsk g[ukt/ feT[Afe
fJj gkDh d/ Go/ w/xK (pZdbK) Bkb g{oB :kBh ss`-frnkB d/ :[es
j?. fJ; ftu jo fJe ft/ B{z fJsBk ;gN ehsk frnk j? fe E'VQk
gfVQnk gqkDh Gh i' gqG{ dk gq/wh j't/, T[j fB;u/ jh iht-pqjw dh
J/esk dk woQw ;wM/rk. fJj ;zGt jh BjhA fe fJj T[Zsw ozr, wb s'A
ofjs j'J/ fBowb wB B{z, ozr/ pr?o jh Sv d/t/. fJ;h gqeko w?bk wB
i' jkbK gqG{ gqkgsh dh e[M fJSk tkbk j?, T[; bJh ;kpD dk ezw Bk
eo/. fJ;dk ekoB fJj j? fe nkgD/ gqhsw dh gqhsh ftu p/po j'J/
wstkb/ b'eK gk;'A i' e[M ;qtD ehsk, wjKg[oK B/ i' e[M k;sqK ftu
fbfynk ns/ T[;h w[skfpe i' nkgD/ nB[Gt ftu nkfJnk ;'Jh fbfynk
j?, e'Jh BthA rZb iK wB woh dh ebgBk BjhA ehsh.
t/d nkfd rqzEK d/ T[Zu-f;XKs kfJd fJ; (dk;) d`kok fbyD
ftu tX-xN j' ikD d/ ekoB ftd`kBK dh jk;h dk jh ft: pD
frnk j't/ gqzs{ gq/wh dh rbh ftu ub/ iKd/ d{i/ gq/wh B{z, fJ; fJe dh
wo (phwkoh) s'A ofjs szdo[;s (Bktke) us[o b'eK tZb'A gkrb
efj d/Dk Gh n;zGt jh BjhA pbfe bkwh j?.
(ix)
bkrh j'fJ ;[ ikB? gho.. okw Grfs nBhnkb/ sho..

(nz r 327
327))
fJj' fij/ nDh tkb/ sho brD Bkb xkfJb j'J/ woh dh jkbs
:kBh pks-uhs i/ nNgNh fijh Gh j't/ sK e'Jh n:'r BjhA j?.
fgqEth T[Zs/ fe;/ Gh dkfJo/ nzdo e?d ofjD tkbk e'Jh Gh wQph
gqkDh, pzXB s'A ofjs (;[szsq) gzSh (gq/wh) fpBK, fJ; nkek :kBh
gq/w ftu T[vkoh BjhA wko ;edk. i' nkek ftu ofjD tkbk gqhsw
j?, T[j nkek wkor s'A fpBK, whB go e?d eN oj/ wB[ B{z fe;
soQK fwb ;edk j?<
rzGho ns/ T[dko ftd`kB b'e, ntr[DK d/ Go/ ihtK s/ fwjopkB
j[zd/ jB, fJ; bJh T[BQK tk;s/ fJj tvh rb BjhA i' fJ; dhnK nBzs
n[XhnK (p/YphnK rbK) d/ye/ w[nk eo d/D feT[Afe e/tb fusqekoh
;z:[es ;[zdo B"ek (fesh) jh okjhnK B{z dfonk s'A gko BjhA eodh,
fezs{ fusqekoh ofjs e[o{g B"ek Gh nt gko eo fdzdh j?. pZ;, wbkj
nDikD Bk j't/, B"ek dh ;[zdosk iK e[o{gsk dk okjhnK B{z gkob/
feBko/ s/ b? ikD Bkb e'Jh ;zpzX BjhA ofjzdk.
nkgD/ nsh fgnko/ dh d/jgks (woB) Bkb fgnk ftS'Vk, fi;dk
wB podks BjhA eo ;fenk ns/ fus T[;h fSzB ;z;ko tb'A T[gokw
j'e/, T[j d/j fi; nkswk d`kok joes eodh j?, B{z ikBD bJh
p/u?B j' frnk. T[j fJ; gqeko dk fti'rh uko (4) ;kXB ;zgzB, T[Zsw
nfXekoh j?, fJ; bJh ss`-t;s{ dk T[gd/, T[;B{z ehsk frnk j?.
wXw nfXekoh i' eow eKv nkfd ftu c;h j'Jh p[Xh tkbk
jfof;woB j? B{z nksw-t;s{ dk nsh fBeN-tosh ;kXB i' Grsh
j?, dk rqzE d/ nzs ftu T[gd/ eoe/ nkswk-pqjw ftu fJ;fEs eo
fdsk j?.
fJ; rqzE d/ gzi gqeoD jB gfjbk t?okr gqeoD j? fi; ftu fti'rh dk t?okr fdykfJnk
j?.
d{ i k r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD j? fi; ftu ;fsr[o{ dh gqkgsh dk
f eo j? .
(x)
shik ;s T[ g d/ gq e oD j? fi; ftu d/j dh joes eokT[D

tkbh nksw-i'sh, ;{oi nkfd pkjobhnK i'shnK d/ tKr{z, d/j s'A
fGzB ns/ d/j d/ Ghso jh j?, fJj f;X ehsk j?.
u" E k fBofteko nksw gqeoD j? fi; ftu ;[gB gqgzu dh soQK
fJj irs nftdk d`kok nBzs gqeko Bkb gqshs j[zdk j'fJnk Gh
n;s j?. god/ go fcbw-fusq dh feqnk tKr{z, fJj gqshsh e/tb wB
dh jh ouBk j'D d/ ekoB, nkswk dk n;zr ns/ fBofteko nkfd
fBowb ;[GkT[, fiT[A dk fsT[A jh ofjzdk j?. nkswk jh pqjw j?, T[;
ftu e'Jh Gh ekoD-ekoi dh ftt;Ek BjhA j' ;edh. fJ; bJh ;G
e[M T[sgzB j'D go Gh wjKek jh xNkek d/ o{g ftu T[sgzB j'D dh
soQK, e[M Gh T[sgzB BjhA j[zdk. fJ; nub pqjw fJ;fEsh ftu fti'rh
B{z ekfJw eoe/, ihtB-w[esh d/ bSD ej/ jB.
gz i tK Grsh gqeoD j? fi; ftu Jhò dh oD rqfjD eoBk
j?. jT[Aw?A B{z fsnkr e/, jo nt;Ek ftu gqG{ dh nkfrnk nzdo gq;zB
fus ofjzd/ ;/te dk, nkgD/ ;[nkwh d/ fXnkB ftZu fBozso wrB j'J/
fJekrq fus tkb/ jfof;woB B{z Gkr-fsnkr-bSDK (gqfeqnk) d`kok,
d'jK T[gkXhnK dk nGkt fdyk e/, u?sB nz ftu nG/d ehsk j?.
fJ; rqzE dk Bkw nwo t;s
t;s{ j? feT[Afe nwo (gqG{), t;s{ (;z;ko)
dk gqfsgkde j?. woB hb t;s{ d/ fti'r j' ikD Bkb fti'rh,
T[;dk w{b-nkXko y'iD bJh sVc frnk. gq/w nftBkh ;h, fJ; bJh
gq/w dk ft: (gdkoE) BN j'D go Gh gq/w dk Bk BjhA j'fJnk. fJe
o; pDh ofjD tkbh T[j gqhsh, fti'rh B{z ;z;ko tb'A s'Ve/, ekwb r[o{
d/ e'b b? rJh feT[Afe fJj (r[o{) ;[gB ftu fgnkoh uh d/ ftS'V/
Bkb ftnke[b j'J/ g[o B{z nktk wkoe/ irk fdzd/ jB :kBh ;[gB
f;qNh d/ nfXmkB B{z gqkgs eokT[Ad/ jB. fJjh nwo t;s{ j? fi;d/
nk;o/ nfBs d/j nkfd gqgzu gqshs j' e/ BN j[zdk ik fojk j?. T[;
nBzd-;ò{g nkswk dh fpf;wqsh, f;woB (:kd) nk e/ fti'rh 'e
ns/ w'j s'A ofjs j' frnk. nkswk jh ;zi'r s/ fti'r s'A go/ dh uh
j?, fJ; bJh nwo t;s{ j?.
(xi)
nwo t;s{ dh gqkgsh dk i' Gh e'Jh nsh fJS[e j[zdk j?, T[j wzd
BjhA pbfe T[Zsw nfXekoh j?. ;z;ko tb'A fus fpbe[b N[N u[fenk
j'D d/ ekoB fJ; T[gokw nt;Ek ftu T[; B{z uko (4) ;kXB ;zgzB j'D
bJh e'Jh Gh o[ektN ;zGt BjhA j' ;edh.
jK, fi; dk fti'r tkb/ gdkoE ftu jh fus nNe e/ p/u?B j? T[j
efBN nfXekoh, nksw-T[gd/ dk nfXekoh BjhA j? :kBh T[j
T[gk;Bk nkfd eow jh eo/ gqzs{ fti'rh sK nfijk BjhA, fJ; bJh
fti'rh T[Zsw nfXekoh j?.
fJ; d/ fwsq jfof;woB B/ fJ; (fti'rh) dh Bk ;wM ftu nkT[D
tkbh dk B{z d/y e/, j?okBh ftu wjKg[oK gk; ike/ ;G jkb ;[DkfJnk
fi;B{z ;[De/ ;fsg[o fpbe[b kw' j' rJ/. Bk wkb{w fe; r{VQ nftub
fJ;fEsh ftu bhB j'J/ fBzdqkb{ (;[Zs/ j'J/) g[o tKr{z, j"bh fijh nktk
Bkb fJT[A p'b/
nSk! T[BQK dk gftsq wB, ;z;ko B{z fpbe[b G[bk p?mk j? ns/
n'e ;kro :kBh gow nkBzd ftu ;dk jh (fBozso) bhB j'fJnk
ofjzdk j?.
gqzs{ fgq: to! fJj s{z fe; nB'yh, gftsq, nkBzdwJh ns/ fus
fpqsh B{z BN eo d/D tkbh t;s{ dk feo eod/ j'J/, w?B{z fe;/ nEkj
rfjokJh ftu v[p' fdsk j?. Bk efj ;eD tkbh pks B{z g[SD bJh
gq B ehsk j? fe
T[j ;zs[N eo d/D tkbh nsh T[Zsw t;s{ fej' fijh j? fi;d/
doB Bkb wstkbk j'fJnk wB, ;z;ko dh ;[X tkbk BjhA ofjzdk<
T[j t;s{ fe; gqeko dh j?< fJj puB T[; nd`?s dh f;fwqsh (:kd)
eok e/, T[; s'A fGzB pkDh nkfd dk nGkt eodk j?. fJ; bJh T[Zso
ftu e"D p'b/< nEtk fJj s/ok gqB s/ p/j'h ftu e[ZM ;'uD ns/
efjD :'r wB s/ pkDh jh Bk ofjD, fJ; gqeko dh e'Jh Bhbh t;s{
fdsh ikJ/, fJe jh jB. i' gkDh ftu v[p u[ek j't/, T[j Gh ed/ p'bdk
;[fDnk j?< fi;B/ N[ph jh BjhA bkJh, T[j ib dh v{zfxnkJh pko/, fpBK
nB[Gt ehs/ eh nky ;e/rk< uko (4) fdB ;z;koh nkBzd b?D dh j[D
(xii)
fJSk BjhA, i' popkd eo d/D tkbh t;s{ pko/ g[SD bJh T[Zdw eo
oj/ j'< feT[A pD/ pDkJ/ fJ; ;[zdo-EkN B{z spkj eo d/D tkbh rb S/
V fdsh j?<
T[; gq/w Broh ftu nkgD/ gqhsw s'A fpBK E'VQh fijh Gh d{ih
t;s{ d/ gqt/ j'D dh r[zikfJ BjhA j?. i' e'Jh nkgD/ fgnko/ s'A
fpBK d{ik j[zdk j?, T[; B{z fgS/ jNk e/ jh gq/w Broh dk r/N (dotkk)
y[bQdk j?. fi; irQk w?A ns/ s{z Gh db BjhA d/ ;ed/, T[; EK j'o
fe;/ t;s{ d/ B/V/ Y[eD dh ;zGktBk jh eh j?< fi; n;EkB ftZu
gqhsw t;dk j?, T[j Broh gqhsw Bkb Gog{o j'D d/ ekoD jh,
T[ZE/ fe;/ d{ih t;s{ B{z EK BjhA fwbdh. fJ; ftu ;z: BjhA, fJ;
gq/w fgnkb/ B{z gh e/ ;z;ko dh j' tkbk e"D ofj ;edk j?< gq/wh B{z
;hB/ Bkb bke/ T[; nkBzd o{gh ;w[zdo ftu fgnk j'fJnk, ;kro u'A
pkjo ed'A fBebdk j?<
s{z T[; wstkb/ fti'rh dk gq/w g[Sdk j?A gqzs{ fgnko/! d/yD s/
;[DB dk pj[s oe j[zdk j?. sEk fJ; Bkb'A Gh i' ;`:z nB[Gt eodk j?
T[j T[; nkBzd B{z nkg jh ikDdk j? feT[Afe T[j ;`;zt/d ;[y j?.
go;zt/d-i' T[; gq/w wdok ftu w;skB/ j'J/ dh pkjobh joes :kBh
pkjo'A fdykJh d/D tkb/ fuzBQ jB T[BQK B{z d/yD t/b/, d/yD tkb/ dk wB
Gh T[;h ftu ofj ikD d/ ekoB, nkgD/ fttjko B{z G[b iKdk j?. Gkt/A e/
;K ns/ p;sqK B{z fJso nkfd bke/ ;[rzXh tkbk g[o, ;[rzXh B{z nB[Gt
eodk j'fJnk, gq;zBsk Bkb g{oB j? sK Gh T[;d/ gk; p?mk j'fJnk d{ik
g[o jtk d`kok T[Zv e/ nk ojh ;[rzXh dk nkBzd sK b?Adk jh j?. fJ;
bJh fgnko/ jfof;woB! s/o/ g[SD go, w?A T[; fti'rh dh dk dk e[M
eEB eodk jK ns/ T[; t;s{ dk Gh fi;d/ ;Bw[y j[zd/ ;ko jh wB,
nwBhGkt (wB ofjs jkbs) B{z gqkgs j' iKdk j?.
gqzs{ s{z i' shoE nkfd eow eKv ftu nsh yfus j' fojk j?A, T[;
nfij/ gq/w-wkor s'A {B, n"MVK ftu gJ/ j'J/ Ksh-jhB B{z, T[; ss`t;s{ ftu fJ;fEs fti'rh dh phsh j'Jh tkosk d/ ;[DB ftu bkG eh
j?< ;?AeV/ pko ;wMkT[D go Gh pkozpko eowK ftu jh p[Xh B{z brkT[Adk
(xiii)
j?A. wzfBnK fe fJj Gh eoB/ o{oh jB, gqzs{ eJh ;kb j' u[e/ jB s{z pkb
T[gd/ B{z jh bJh p?mk j?A, eh fJj s?B{z phH J/H iK n?wH J/H nkfd dh
fvroh fdtk d/t/rk< feT[A BjhA, shih ns/ u"Eh nkfd iwksK dhnK
feskpK gVQe/ nkgDh gVQkJh B{z ;wkgs eodk :kBh ;G gqeko dh
eostsk B{z sw eoe/, gqG{ gqhsh ftu feT[A BjhA v[p iKdk<
gkm p[Xh Gh s/oh nsh geh j' ojh j? gqzs{ fBok gkm eoe/ jh s{z
feqs-feqs j' fojk j?A-fJ;h ftu njz-p[Xh eoh p?mk j?A, eh dtkJh ykX/
fpBK e/tb B[;yk pkozpko gVQB Bkb s/ok o'r jN ikt/rk< p/;wM!
r[opkDh sEk rhsk nkfd d/ puBK go nwb fJe osh fizBk Gh BjhA
eodk ns/ w?A gzMh (25) gkm ig[ih ;kfjp d/, gzi (5) gkm ;[ywBh
;kfjp d/ eodk jK, fBs fJBkB eo e/ gzi pkDhnK dk gkm ehs/
fpBK w?A o'Nh BjhA yKdk, w?A rhsk, rkfJsqh ns/ ;jz;oBkwk nkfd dk
gkm fBs eodk jK, w?A nkgD/ toD-nkqw d/ XowK ftu g{oh soQK
fJ;fEs ofjzdk jK, fJfsnkfd ftnoE jT[Aw? Bkb iefVnk j'fJnk,
;fs;zr jhB, nzXk wB[, ykD-:'r ;`kfdN r[d/ dh fjckfs bJh
T[Zgob/ fSbe/ i' gqG{ B/ pDkJ/ jB, e/b/ d/ fSZbVK B{z yKdk j? ns/ ftu
b[fenk j'fJnk nzfwqs tork cb ;[Nh iKdk j?. i' Gzr, B/ Bkb w;s
pDkT[Adh j?, T[; B{z rb/ nzdo sK bzxkT[Adk BjhA, e[obhnK jh eoh
iKdk j?. e/tb nkuko (nkuoD) nkfd ftu e[bsk s/ gkm wksq jh
wB B{z fdq gqgzu tb'A o'e e/, gqG{ ;ò{g ftu nub BjhA mfjok ;ed/
nkukoh Bjh ihfsnk ikfJ.. gkm gV? Bjh ehwfs gkfJ..

(nz r 355
355))
fBok pdkwK dk ;zrqfj o{gh gq/w, e[M wsbp BjhA oydk id'A sZe
g[N eo d/D tkbh ftubh froh B{z s'V e/ BjhA yKdk. r[opkDh sEk
rhsk nkfd rqzE e/tb s/o/ gVQB tk;s/ jh BjhA pDkJ/ rJ/, pDkT[D
tkfbnK ;fs-g[oK B/ fe;/ rb B{z ;wMkT[D ykso g{ok gq:sB ehsk
j?. T[; rb B{z ;wM! Gkt/A u"E/ gzit/A fdB nEtk wjhB/ pknd ;[ywBh
iK rhsk nkfd rqzEK dk gkm g{ok eo. wB B{z nkswk ftu ftqkw
(xiv)
eokT[Dk, ;Gh rqzEK dk wsbp j?, fBo/ gkm eokT[D dk BjhA.

fi;dh p[ZXh nsh wzd j?, T[; B{z wjKg[o eJh eJh gkm eoB dk
T[gd/ d/ fdzd/ jB feT[Afe T[j wsbp ;wMD d/ :'r BjhA j[zdk, fJ;
bJh fisB/ gkm eo/ uzrk jh j?, nzsjeoD dh [Xh j't/rh. gqzs{ i'
q/N p[Xh tkb/ jB, T[BQK B{z fe;/ ftd`kB nB[Gth wjKg[o dh ;zrs
d`kok rqzEK d/ gkm dk wsbp ;wM e/, g{ok fJ;fEs j' ikD dh e'f
eoBh ukjhJ/. ibdh s'A ibdh d`?s o{gh o'r d/ ftBk tk;s/, B[;y/
nzdo i' nd`?swJh dtkJh j?, dk ;/tB eoB ftu gq:sB, fdqVsk
g{ope brk d/Dk ukjhJ/. fJ; bJh jfof;woB! fisBk Gh s{z gkm
eodk j?A, T[; go g{oh soQK nwb eo!
fBozso fJe o; p?mdk, T[mdk s/ ubdk nkfd jo nt;Ek ftu
gqG{ dk Bkw f;woB eo. fJe ;`k; Gh T[;dh :kd fpBK Bk fpsk. s/ok
fJsBk fnkdk nGk; j' ikDk ukjhdk j? i' wkb{w Bk d/ ;e/ :kBh
gqkD, Bkw s/ wB Gkt/A fJj ty' tyo/ jB gqzs{ fJe j' ikD.
i' pqjw, irs dk ekoD, ;s;zebg, ;seow, ;opr, ;[szsq,
ftnkge, nio, nwo s/ feqgkb{ j?, nfij/ XowK :[es Jhò B{z fBozso
fuzsB eo sK fi; ;z;ko s'A p/po fti'rh d/ fus dh nt;Ek g[Sdk
j?A, T[; ss`frnkB d`kok gow nkBzd ftu j'D eoe/ s{z th wstkbk j'
ikt/Ark.
nkBzdg[o :kBh nkBzd Bkb i' g{oD j?. fi; nkBzd dh w'j s/ 'e
nkfd s{qnK s'A ofSnk bJh t?okr ns/ nGk; o{g fdqV febk pfDnk
j'fJnk j?, T[; nkBzd rVQ ftu ebQ B{z nk ikthA, s?B{z fti'rh dh fNeh
j'Jh p[Xh dk ;kok jh jkb T[gkfJ ;fjs ;[DkfJnk ikJ/rk gqzs{ fi;
soQK nzsoikwh gqG{ dh g/qoDk j't/rh! feT[Afe T[j g/qoe
gqkD B{z T[Zgo dh so b? iKdk j? ns/
eL T[L 2. 2. 3.
ngkB B{z Bhu/ dh so Xedk j?.
i' q'so (ezB) dk q'so j?, wB dk wB s/ pkDh dk Gh pkDh j?, T[jh
gqkD dk gqkD ns/ B/sq dk B/sq j?.
e/L T[L 1. 2.
fJfsnkfde q[sh gqwkDK nB[;ko, T[;dh ;sk B{z gk e/ wB[ d`kok

(xv)
;G fttjko j[zdk j? fezs{ nfrnkB Bkb w'fjs nzsjeoD tkbk w?A

eodk jK fJT[A wzB p?mdk j?. fJj pks fJ;h soQK jh j?, fJ; bJh fi;
gqeko T[j gqG{ fJ; pkDh s'A ejkt/rk, T[;h soQK T[;d/ j[ew Bkb jh, s{z
Gh ;[Dh ikthA. fJj, fJ; ftftjkoe fdqNh Bkb Gh ;opdk fBod' j?
ns/ gqwkofEe fdqNh nB[;ko sK fJ;B{z d'K dh rzX Gh ;go BjhA
eo ;edh feT[Afe fJj n;zr j'D d/ ekoD jh fBofteko j?.
gqzs{ i' g[o fJ; B{z oho jh ;wMd/ j'D noEks wB, fJzdqhnK ns/
oho jh ;[szsq o{g Bkb ;G e[M eoB tkb/ jB, T[BQK d/j-nkswtkdh
ftd`kBK gk;'A, T[BQK dh fdqNh w[skfpe fJj fywk wzrdk j? fe i/ e'Jh
d' fJ; d/ eEB ftu j't/ sK w[nk eo d/D!
-joh
nBzdg[o ;kfjp
1 t?;ky fpH 2005
(xvi)
t? o kr gq e oD
wz r bkuoD*
;'J/ nftdk BhAd w/A, pBk nkg i' iht.
T[sgfs nkfd fteko i/, B ;zebg fpB ;ht1.. 1 ..
ikr:' ngBh f;fwqsh, w[esh ;h fs; wkB.
pzX w'y ;/ ofjs eh, BjhA gqkgsh nkB2.. 2 ..
G/d nG/d ;wkfX Gh, ;or[D fBor[D Bkfj.
;pd nwo ni nkfd b/, ftt;Ek B fs; wkfj.. 3 ..
ebgh d`?s ftBk; fjs, ;k;sq ;pd pBkfJ.
T[Vh d`?s nd`?s ejK, fe; e' e"D fXnkfJ.. 4 ..
nX ko' g 3 ngtkd4 fpB, j'fJ B pqjw ftuko.
go i' eo/ B fbgs tj, ;[gB/ fiT[A fttjko.. 5 ..
w[M jh ftebgjhB e/, pqjw irs d' Bkw.
nwo t;s{ ;[ rqzE ou{z, b/; B b/g nekw.. 6 ..
;z;feqs L wzrbkuoDw - (;cbsk gqkgs eoB d/ T[d/ Bkb) fe;/ th rqzE

d/ nozG ftZu gVQh ikD tkbh gqkoEBk d/ o{g ftZu gq;sktBk.
1. ft - ebkD ;ò{g (gqwkswk) 2. j'o 3. ebgBk 4. yzvB
fti'rh dk t?okr ns/ gqhsw dh gqkgsh

bJh sVg
fgnko/ jfof;woB! T[; fti'rh dk nkgD/ gqhsw d/ fti'r
T[gqzs fJj fB;uk gZek jh j' frnk fe ;G ;zebgK B{z SZve/, j[D w?A
fJZe T[; gqhsw dh y'i jh eoBh j? fi;dk c/o ed/ fti'r Bk j't/.
T[j nt;Ek i' shpo t?okr ns/ ftt/e nkfd ;kXBk :[es j?, fJ;
gqeko dh d/yh j? fJj ftBkh, p/-o;/ ns/ e/tb gqshs d/D tkb/ gdkoE w?B{z nZS/
jh BjhA brd/. fJj T[Zgo'A e[ZM j'o ns/ i/ nzdo'A c'b e/ d/yhJ/ sK e[M
j'o jh fBebd/ jB. nZi skJhA X'y/ ftZu c;/ oj/ gqs
z { id j[D fJBQK dh
n;bhns dk gsk bZr frnk j? sK fco j[D fJBQK pdb/ e"D y[nko j[d
z k
fco/ < p/;wM, BkbkfJe wB! s/oh ehsh, s/o/ jh g/ nkJh. s{z Gh o'o' fJBQK T[Zs/ jh v[bQdk fojk j?A. d/yh X'y/pkh< d/y fbnk fwqrfsq Bk dk ib< fJj j[d
z k j? ;[gB gqgu
z ! j'Dk e[M Gh Bk s/ wkb{w j'Dk
fit/A ;Zuk j't/. i' ;[zdo, e'wb s/ fgnkok-fgnkok fdydk ;h, fBok
fwZNh jh pD frnk. Bk jZE fjbdk, Bk f;o, Bk pZ[bQ s/ Bk jh
;'jDhnK-;'jDhnK nZyhnK sZedhnK jB. fJe fgziok jh ofj frnk
s/ ;[zdo gzSh, fJZSk w[skfpe T[vkoh wko frnk j?. fgnko sK T[;
Bkb jh ;h, ftZu ofjzdk ;h, ;'jDk ikD e/ e'b nkT[Adk, rZbK
eodk, jZ;-jZ; wB B{z ohMkT[Adk, fgnko eodk, S/Vdk s/ i' ihn
ukj[zdk ;'Jh eodk ;h. j[D fgzio/ B{z d/yK eh ns/ e'b eh iktK, id
ftZu ofjD tkbk wB dk ;jkok jh BjhA sK fJ; Bkb w/ok ;zpzX Gh
eh j?< fJ;d/ Bkb i' w?A ;zpzX wzfBnk j'fJnk ;h, T[j nfrnkB d/
ekoB e/tb GqKsh wksq jh ;h. fJj' fijk jkb ;ko/ jh ;z;koh gdkoEK
dk j?. Bk fJj fefsUA nkJ/ ns/ Bk jh fJBQK fes/ ub/ ikDk j?, fJj
nwo t;s{
sK oZ;h ftZu ;Zg fdydk j?. [eo j?! fJE'A jh yfjVk S[ZN frnk go
fJj ;koh feqgk gq/w dh j?. ;Zuk gq/w v[Zpdk p/Vk gko brk fdzdk j?
ns/ M{mk w'j v[p' fdzdk j?. i/ fBekw gqw
/ Bk j[d
z k sK w?Bz{ T[; tor/ j'o
E'V/Q ;B < gqzs{ BjhA, T[j sK w/oh ikB jh ;h. T[;d/ ;zi'r Bkb w/ok
d[BhnK Bkb ;zi'r ;h s/ T[;d/ fti'r Bkb jh w/ok ;z;ko s'A fti'r
j?. j[D pkeh ofjzdk ihtB, T[;dh sbk ftZu jh bk d/Dk j?. fJj
gsk eoBk j? fe fgzio/ ftZu fe; soQK nkT[Adk j?< nkT[Adk feT[A j?
ns/ fbnkT[D tkbk e"D j? < iKdk fe; soQK j? ns/ iKdk feT[A j?
ns/ b? e"D iKdk j? < id sZe T[;dh n;bhns dk gsk BjhA br
iKdk sd se fJj' jh X'y/pkh ofjDh j?. i/ mhe-mhe T[; dk gsk
br ikt/ fco T[; S[g/ j'J/ mZr d/ ekp{ BjhA nktKrk. iknb;kh Gh
e'Jh E'VQh fijh j? < rZbK eodk-eodk u[Zg j' frnk s/ uzrk Gbk d/
ydk-d/ydk, d/yD s'A jh jN frnk j?. T[j p[bp[b j[D ufjedh BjhA,
T[j ep{so j[D r[Nedk BjhA, T[j w?Bk j[D ;'jDhnK-;'jDhnK rZbK
BjhA eodh, T[; e'fJb dh fwZmh ;[o, ;[DkJh BjhA fdzdh ns/ T[j
ue'o j[D uzdqwK B{z sZedk BjhA. bZyK :sB ehs/ s/ ukj/ fezB/ jh j'o
eohJ/-Bk fJ;B/ p'bDk j? ns/ Bk jh fJ;B/ d/yDk j?. i' Gh e'Jh w?B{z
T[;dh n;bhns s'A tke eok d/t/, sB T[;dh ;/tk ftZu bktK,
wB T[;d/ gq/w ftZu bhB eoK ns/ XB n?ò: T[; ofjpo T[Zs/
tko d/tK! T[; tork fdnkb{ e"D ns/ ihtB-dksk j'o e"D j';h i'
w?Bz{ T[;d/ fti'r Bkb ;Vd/ j'J/ B{z ;`ZS ns/ ;hsb ;o'to ftZu gkt/.
T[; BN dk G/d, T[; mr dk T[gkfJ, T[; vzr/ j'J/ dk wzsq s/ T[;
gzSh dk ikb, f;tkJ/ fe;/ g{oB ;zs d/ j'o fe;/ gk; BjhA j? feT[Afe
;zsK s'A fpBK, ;ko/ jh iht T[;dh mrh ftZu nk oj/ jB. e/tb ;zs
jh T[;dh mrh s'A pu e/ p?m/ jB feT[Afe wjKg[o, T[; b[N/o/ d/
t k e , T[;dh ;koh y/v B{z fBsk-gqsh d/yd/ ns/ T[;d/ e'b jh t;d/
t?okr gqeoD
:kBh T[; Bkb r{VQk ;zpzX oyD tkb/ jB. fJ; bJh fe;/ gow
feqgkb{, phs-okr (ekwBk s'A S[ZN/ j'J/) fJ; sZs` d/ t/sk (ikDeko),
fJ;fEs- p[ZXh tkb/ s/ fJzdqh:-fis, g{oB ;fsr[o{ d/t dh oD
ftZu iKdk jK i' w?Bz{ Gt;kro (;z;ko) ftu v[p/ iKd/ B{z fi; soQK Gh
gko eoB noEks T[; ftS[V/ j'J/ dk fwbkg eok d/D feT[Afe
T[;dk fti'r jh, fJj ;z;ko o{gh ;w[zdo j? i' nBzs ;zebg s/
ftebg o{gh sozrK ;fjs mkmK fgnk wkodk j?.
fi;dk fgnkok jh ftS[V frnk, T[; fBGkr/ dk Gh e'Jh ihtB
j?< nkgD/ gqhsw Bkb'A sK gfjbK s[o (wo) ikDk ukjhdk j? feT[Afe
ftS'V/ dk sho eb/i/ B{z nfijk ftzBQ fdzdk j? i' Bk w"s nkT[Adh j?
ns/ Bk jh fzdrh ;[y dh ofjzdh j?. sVg-sVg e/ ikB y[;dh j? Bk
jh fiT[AfdnK ftZu s/ Bk jh w'fJnK ftZu ojhdk j?.
fi;[ fgnko/ f;T[ B/j[ fs;[ nkr? wfo ubhn?..
fXqr[ ihtD[ ;z;kfo sk e? gkS? ihtDk..
(nzr 83
83))
w/ok ;kEh, w/ok fgnkok fwsq id fJ; d[BhnK B{z Sve/ ubk
frnk sK w?B{z fJj ;z;ko fe; soQK uzrk bZr ;edk j? < fJj w?B{z
fty (fjo) d/ s[b Gk;dk ns/ nZr tKr{z ;kVdk j?. fJj ;z;ko d[yK
dk ykBk, pZdbK dh SK, X{zJ/A dk gjkV, pkhro dh pkh, sozi
torh y/v ns/ o/s dk pfDnk j'fJnk xo j?. i/ fJj ;Zu-w[Zu jh
;Zuk j[zdk sK w/ok fgnkok fJ; B{z SZve/ feT[A iKdk< fJj wkfJnk
dk Sb j? i' (wkfJnk) fszBK r[DK;s', oi' s/ sw' o{g ftZu c?bh
j'Jh j?. fi; Gh o{g (eb) s/ Bkw (i' ebfgs jB) ftZu fJj
fdydh j?, ;[gB-gqgzu dh soQK gfoDkwh s/ n;s j?fJzdq g[oh wfj ;ogo woDk.. pqjw g[oh fBjub[ Bjh ojDk..
f;t g[oh ek j'fJrk ekbk.. sq? r[D wkfJnk fpBf; fpskbk..
(nzr 237
237))
nwo t;s{
;rb gk;ko[ dh;? gk;kok.. fpBf; ikfJr' ;rb nkekok..

(nzr 237
237))
nftBkh sK T[jh j'fJnk i' fJ; M{m/ oho B{z fJT[A Sv e/ ubk
frnk fiT[A ;Zg e[zi B{z fsnkr e/ fBeb iKdk j?. fi; gqeko xo
tkbk xo B{z Sv e/ ubk iKdk j?. T[j nio s/ nwo j?, T[; B{z xoK
dk xkNk j? < j'o fe;/ xo ftZu ofjD bZr ikt/rk. g[okD/ p;sqK B{z
bkj e/ ;[N dJhdk j? s/ Bt/A gfjB bJhd/ jB. Bt/A s/ g[okD/ p;sqK
dk jh d/j Bkb ;zi'r s/ fti'r j?, d/j dk BjhA. d/j, Gh, d/jXkoh dk
p;sq jh ;[fDnk j?. nBzs jh ihoD (g[okD/) j'J/ p;sqK B{z T[skodk
nEtk s/ nBzs jh Bt/A p;sq gfjBdk j?. GrtkB feqB efjzd/ jBn;s i' oho nkfd s/ ;odh-rowh nkfd d[Zy sEk T[BQK d/
i' ekoB jB, dk tk;st ftZu j'DkgB j? jh BjhA noEks ;s
BjhA jB. T[;/ soQK ;s i' nkswk j?, T[;dk nGkt (Bk j'DkgB)
:kBh n;s BjhA j? feT[Afe T[j ;dk jh nub j?. fJ; gqeko ;s
s/ n;s fJBQK d'jK dk fBoD:, sZs`doh wjKg[o K d`kok
d/fynk frnk j? noEks gqsZy ehsk ik u[fenk j? fe ;s, ;s
jh j? ns/ n;s, n;s jh. fJ; gqeko d/ eEB nB[;ko, fiBQK
n;zr g[oK B/ fJ; pks B{z ;kyks d/fynk j?, T[BQK s'A fpBK w?B{z p/
;wM B{z fJ; gow r[ji (r[gs) sZs` B{z e"D ;wMkt/rk< ns/ gqsZy
o{g Bkb e"D fdyk ;e/rk < feT[AfenzfXnko? dhge nkfB ibkJ/ r[o frnkfB r[o{ fbt bkr/..
nfrnkB[ nzX/ok fpBf; fpBkf;U xfo t;s[ bjh wB ikr/..
(nzr 172
172))
fJ; tk;s/ w?B{z ;z;ko s'A nshs, fdq Nk , r[o{d/t dh oD ftZu

jh ikDk ukjhdk j? sK fe w?B{z nszs d[Zy Bkb x'o ftnke[b s/ 'e
nrBh ftZu ;V/ iKd/ B{z, nkgDk gftsq wjK-tke o{gh ;hsb ib
fSVe e/ Ksh g jzukT[D.
t?okr gqeoD
d[yhJ/ fBfs fcofj fpbbkd/ fpB[ r[o ;Kfs B gktfDnk..

(n
(nzz r 118
118))
irs T[XkoD ;/Jh nkJ/ i' iB do; fgnk;k..

T[B eh ;ofD go? ;' sfonk ;zs;zfr g{oB nk;k..
(nzr 207
207))
w?B{z nio, nwo, fJZe o; ofjD tkbh t;s{ dk frnkB j' ikt/
. T[;dh gqkgsh bJh wB B{z w?A o'eKrk ns/ fJzdqhnK B{z ekp{ eoKrk.
o;sk d;D tkb/ r[o{ ns/ k;sq T[Zs/ nszs oXk oZyKrk. fuZs
B{z T[gd/ ftZu J/ekrq eoKrk. ;z;ko d/ ;G gdkoEK s'A T[gokw
otQKrk s/ G[Zy-fgnk;, ;odh-rowh nkfd fisB/ Gh d`zd jB, ;G
B{z w?A ;fjD eoKrk. fi; soQK Gh j't/, ;ko/ ohoe eN ;jkoKrk
gqzs{ w?B{z T[;, d/j ftZu'A fBeb e/ ub/ rJ/ gqhsw dk doB j' ikt/.
ftS'V/ d/ sho Bkb xkfJb j'J/ B{z fwbkg dh wbQw fpBK, XB d/
Bkb eh, fwsqK Bkb eh, ;zpzXhnK Bkb eh ns/ irs dh ;koh
n?ò: fpG{sh (;kwkB) Bkb eh gq:'iB j?< j/ wB! ub, T[; feqgkb{
nB[Gth t?d dh fwzBs eo, fi;d/ dtkJhykB/ ftu'A d[Zy d{o eoB
tkbh nsh T[Zsw n"Xh fwbDh j?. SZv! fJBQK wsbpgq;sK dk
fynkb. e'Jh p[bkT[Adk j? sK ngD/ wsbp bJh, e'Jh fgnko eodk
j? sK ngD/ wsbp bJh s/ B/V/ nkT[Adk j? sK ngD/ wsbp bJh.
fi; soQK Gh fe;/ dk ngDk gq:'iB f;ZX j[zdk j't/, T[jh Yzr oudk
j?, fpBK wsbp s'A e'Jh fe;/ Bkb ;zpzX oZydk jh BjhA j?! fJ; ;ko/
jh ;z;ko B{z nkyoh Bweko eoe/, eo[Dk d/ ;w[zdo, g{iD:'r,
ftekojhB, n;zr, w[esh dksk, ;hsb fus, ;zs q'wDh r[o{d/t
tZb w{zj eoe/ s[o ns/ T[BQK d/ gftsq uoBK ftu ike/ fvr!
r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD

;fsr[o{ dh y'i ftZu emBkJh
ftnke[b, fBok;o/, vktKv'b, nXho, ;z/:[es ns/ T[dk;hB
fuZs tkbk fJj e'Jh s[fonk iKdk j?. wzfdo, r[od[tko/, w;fidK,
;kX{-n;EkB ns/ shoEK ftZu fJZe, d' :k fszB fdB ofjzdk s/
rb-pks eodk j? gqzs{ ft`k;jhB j' e/ nZr/ fBeb iKdk j?. Bk
wkb{w fJj fejVh t;s{ B{z Gkbdk j? < fJT[A ikgdk j? i' fe;/ dh
y'i fgnk eodk j't/. gjkVK u'A gko; Y{zvdk j?, ;w[zdo ftZu'A ;[Zu/
w'sh s/ osB N'bQdk j?, gZEoK u'A jho/ B{z bGdk j?, pB d/ nzdo'A /o
s/ ebg-fpqS B{z d/ydk j?. ;o'to s'A jz; B{z y'idk j? s/ eZu ftZu'A
wDh dh gSkBD dh e'f eodk j?. fe;/ i"joh B{z goydk j?, t?d
dk siopk d/ydk j?, wzsqh (nsh ;{MtkB) dh Bkys fgnk eodk
j?. sho-nzdk dk fBkBk fBoydk j?, ;"dkro pfDnk uhK d/
Gkn g[ZSdk j?. fpqS dh xDh SkT[A sZedk j?, fgnk;k j'D eoe/
;hsb ib d/ uw/ B{z sVcdk j?. G[Zyk sK j? sK jh o'Nh B{z so;dk j?,
d[yhnk j? sK jh ;Z[y B{z ukj[zdk j? ns/ dfbdoh (nkb;h) j'D eoe/
XB bJh dhB j'fJnk fcodk j?.
T[dko-fuZs ns/ fdnkb{, q/N-g[oK B/ o'rhnK d/ o'r fBftos
eoB ykso Gkoh gohqw (fwjBs) g{ope j;gskb pDkJ/ jB, fJj
T[BQK dk goT[geko j?. pV/ nZS/ fB:w, jo soQK d/ o'rK s'A nkokw
fwbD d/ T[gkfJ, T[Zsw s'A T[Zsw dtkJhnK, bkfJe vkeNoK ns/
r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD
fi; th fe;w dh ;/tk s/ ;/tkdkoK dh b'V g? ;edh j't/, T[; dk

g{ok gqpzX ehsk j?. T[BQK feqgkb{, goT[gekoh, fjs?h g[oK dk fJj
T[Zdw, ihtK d/ ;[Zy BfwZs j?. gqzs{ nZr/ gqpzX eoB tkb/ fsqBkb{
gqpzXe ns/ B"eo jh i/eo wkfbe dh nzsoht GktBk d:k ns/
T[geko B{z nkgD/ wfbB fuZs dhnK tkBktK dh g{osh eoB
bJh, fpbe[b fgZS/ jNk e/, nkg jh ;G e[M pD p?mD s/ wkfbe d/
pDkJ/ ekB{zB w[skfpe o'rhnK dk mhe fJbki Bk eoB sK o'rhnK
dh d[odk jh j'Dh j'Jh Bk < fJj' fij/ ;`koEg{oD, p[XhjhB ns/
;`kwh d/ n;bh nk/ B{z Bk ;wMD tkb/ :kBh T[bN wkor ftu ub/
ik oj/ B"eo, d[yhnK B{z eh ;[y d/Dr/< T[j sK nkg jh T[;h wo d/
feko j'J/ p?m/ jB i' wohK dh j?. fJ; bJh, T[j fe;/ d{i/ B{z
wkfbe d/ fdb dh GktBk nB[;ko e[ZM ckfJdk BjhA g[uk ;ed/.
j/ gqG{! so; eo, s{z d[yhnK dk ;jkfJe j?A, fJ; (fti'rh) Bkb'A
Gh fnkdk ywh fdb tkbk e'Jh j'o j't/rk< fJ; B{z fe;/ fBekw,
ns/ nB[Gth vkeNo e'b gj[zuk d/. ftuko/ dh wbQw-gNh j' ikJ/
fco fJj s/o/ jh r[D rkt/rk. s/oh fJwdkd (wdd) s'A fpBk, fJ;
rohp B{z vkeNo dh eh gSkD j?< fJ; d[yhJ/ B{z B/V/ th fe; brD
d/Dk j?< s{z irs dk BkE j?A, s/o/ d`kok G/i/ j'J/ fJ; woh B{z T[j pV/
fjs Bkb gk; oZy/rk s/ mhe-mhe fJbki eo/rk. fJ; B{z eh gsk j?
bkb dh ehws dk< fJj sK gSkD jh BjhA eo ;edk, ehws eh
gkt/rk < pV/ pV/ i"joh i' ;`;E fuZs tkb/ jB, T[j X'yk yk iKd/
jB s/ fJj sK j? jh xpokJ/ j'J/ fuZs tkbk, fJ; dk mfrnk ikDk
;[Gkfte j?< S/ wjhB/ phs u[Ze/ jB fcod/ B{z, fJj Gh s/oh jh feqgk
j'Jh i' u[Zg-ukg e/tb t;s{ B{z goydk jh fojk, i/eo ok Gh fes/
nkgD/ nkg B{z rqkje o{g ftZu gqrN eo fdzdk sK j[D B{z eJhnK
d`kok Sfbnk frnk j[zdk s/ fgnk ngD/ eowK B{z o'Adk. EK-EK mZrK
nwo t;s{
d/ nZv/ pD/ j'J/ jB ns/ pV/ mkm-pkm ;z:[es r[o{ pD/ p?m/ jB.
T[Zgobh fdykT{ pDktN tZb d/y e/ jh, p[XhwkB Gh T[BQK dh
iknb;kh ftZu c; iKd/ jB ns/ nDikDK dh sK rZb jh eh j?<
id fJB;kB fe;/ t;s{ dh sbk ftZu gqftos j[zdk j? T[d'A
fiBQK eNK dk nB[Gt T[; B{z eoBk g?Adk j?, T[jh ikDdk j?! fJ;
d[yhJ/ B{z Bk ykDk-ghDk ;[ZMdk j?, Bk ;"Dk, nkokw sK fes/ fojk.
gsk BjhA! fejV/ y{j ftZu ik fgnk j?< p/u?Bh B/ v/o/ bkJ/ j'J/ jB s/
ftS'V/ o{gh fpgsk f;o s/ ;tko j' u[Zeh j?. fe;/ d/ fwbD dh fJZSk
fJT[A ;sk ojh j? fiT[A wko{Eb G{wh ftZu X[g Bkb sg/ j'J/ fgnk;/
iht B{z, gqkDK dh oZfSnk bJh gkDh dh fJZSk ftnke[b eodh j?.
d/yhJ/, fJ; okjh B{z wzfb fet/A s/ ed'A fwbdh j?<
n;b pks sK fJj j? fe pkjow[y fpqsh tkb/ dzGhnK dhnK
bkbuh eos{sK B/ ;ukJh B{z S[gkfJnk j'fJnk j? noEks nszs
ekwBk{B, nzsow[y, T[gokw ns/ gqG{ Bkb nG/d ;fseko:'r i'
;zs jB, T[BQK ;fs-g[oK Bkb gkyzvhnK dh T[Zgobh 'Gk (fdZy)
fwbdh j'D d/ ekoD, gSkD ftZu X'yk bZr iKdk j?. ;Zu ns/ M{m
fJZe-fwZe j' e/, fJZe' Ekb ftZu gJ/ j'J/ jB. e'Jh nsh fBowb s/
shpo p[ZXh tkbk gkoy{ jh, Bebh gZEo B{z SZv e/ n;bh bkb B{z
ftZu'A T[mk ;edk j?. G/yK d/ nfGwkB ftZu roe j'J/ wB[yK ftZu'A,
;fsr[o{ dh y'i eoBh nszs emB j' ojh j?. fJ; rZb B{z epho ih
Gh nkgD/ puBK d`kok toBD eod/ jBi'rh ejfj i'r[ Gb whmk nto[ B d{ik GkJh..
o[zfvs w[zfvs J/e? ;pdh J/fJ ejfj f;fX gkJh..
jfo fpB[ Gofw G[bkB/ nzXk..
ik gfj ikT[ nkg[ S[NektfB s/ pkX/ pj[ czXk .. 11..
.. ojkT[..
ij s/ T[gih sjh ;wkBh fJj fpfX fp;oh sp jh..
10
r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD
gzfvs r[Dh ;{o jw dks/ J/fj ejfj pv jw jh..

fi;fj p[MkJ/ ;'Jh p{M? fpB[ p{M/ feT[ ojhn?..
;fsr[o[ fwb? nzX/ok u{e? fJB fpfX wkDe[ bjhn?..
sfi pkt/ dkjB/ fpekok jfo gd[ fdqV[ efo ojhn?..
ej[ epho rz{r? r[V[ ykfJnk g{S/ s/ fenk ejhn?..
(nzr 334
334))
wsbp fJj fe jm-:'r tkb/ r'oy-ws d/ i'rh efjzd/ jB fe
;kvk jh G/y nsh T[Zsw j?. o[zvK tkb/ G?o'A-ws d/ b'e, dkVQh w[ZSK
nkfd o'wK B{z eNkT[D tkb/ zeo-ws d/ b'e, nby-nby ntk
d/ eoBjko/, beK B{z T[ZB d/ oZ;/ bg/N/ j'J/ s/ jZEK ftZu yZgo oyD
tkb/ dZs-wZs d/ b'e, fJj ;ko/ efjzd/ jB fe n;hA nkgD/ T[Zsw
G/y d`kok jh ebkD gkJh j?. wsbp fe ;kv/ fJ; G/y s'A fpBK
ebkD j' jh BjhA ;edh. gqzs{ epho ih efjzd/ jB fe fJj ;G, gqG{
B{z G[Zb/ j'J/ b'eK dk ftnoE nfGwkB j? noEks joh Bkw d/ ikg
fpBK, e/tb G/y B{z jh ebkD dk ;kXB wzBD tkb/, ftuko-B/sqK
s'A jhB, G[b/y/ ftZu gJ/ j'J/ jB. fJ; bJh, fi; G/y tkb/ gk;,
nkgD/ B{z pzXB s'A S[vkT[D ykso :kBh w[esh tk;s/ w?A frnk
(nEtk e'Jh j'o ikt/) T[j nkg jh fe;/ BK fe;/ pzXB ftZu nZSh
soQK cf;nk j'fJnk fwfbnk sK T[;B/ irk;{ B{z pzXB ftZu'A eh
S[vkT[Dk j?< T[bNk, fi; eoweKv o{gh ckjh Bkb nkg iefVnk
j'fJnk j[zdk j?, T[;h Bkb oD nkJ/ irk;{ B{z Gh ieV b?Adk j?.
fsbe fJ; soQK dk eoBk j?, wkbk fJ; uh dh oZyDh j?, Bweko
fJ; nktk Bkb eoBh j?, p;sq fuZN/, ghb/, ekb/ iK Grt/A ozr
tkb/ gfjBD/ jB, wzsq fJj igDk j? s/ fJj BjhA, fJfsnkfd pzXBK
ftZu gk fdzdk j?. fJ;h gqeko w[esh tk;s/ id gzfvs nkfd b'eK
gk; ikJhJ/ sK T[j nkgDh gzfvskJh ftZu, eth ekft r[DK ftZu,
nwo t;s{
11
;{ow/ b'e ;{owskJh ftZu ns/ dksk b'e dkskgD/ d/ nfGwkB ftZu
roe j'J/ gJ/ jB. gqzs{ epho ih efjzd/ jB fe w?A fuZs ftZu fJj
fB;uk eodk jK fe fi; g[o d/ fjod/ ftZu'A w?A i'rh jK, w?A fjzd{
jK, w?A w[;bwkB jK s/ w?A f;Zy jK nkfd nfGwkB d{o j' ikt/rk,
e/tb T[jh g[o nfrnkBwJh T[gkXhnK s'A ofjs j'fJnk, nkgD/
fBofteko ;ò{g ftZu ;wkt/rk. gqzs{ fJ; popkd eo d/D tkb/
nfGwkB dk fsnkr, Jhò dh feqgk s'A fpBK j' jh BjhA ;edk. T[j
feqgkb{ gqG{ jh, id'A r[o{ w{osh tkbk j' e/, :EkoE T[gd/ d`kok
frnkB :[es eo d/t/rk T[d'A jh fJj ir:k;{ nfGwkB s'A ofjs
j'fJnk, nkgD/ ;ò{g ftZu bhB j' ;e/rk. ;fsr[o{ d/ sZs`- T[gd/
Bkb jh irk;{ dk nfrnkB o{gh nzX/ok BN j't/rk. T[; nzXeko
d/ ftBk j'D Bkb, nksw o{gh osB dh gqkgsh j[zdh j?. :kBh T[j
nb"fee gqek-wJh osB, fJ; i[rsh Bkb jh gkJhdk j? noEks
r[o{ d`kok jh gqkgs eohdk j?.
r[o{ T[gd/ w[skfpe ;G gkf;nK s'A fynkb B{z o'e e/, fi; soQK
e'Jh ;kwQD/ fdy ojh t;s{ dh gqkgsh bJh s[fonk j'fJnk wB[,
;Zi/ iK yZp/ dhnK uhK tZb Bk fXnkB fdzdk j'fJnk, f;ZXk jh
ubh iKdk j?, T[;h soQK pd-;go nkfd ft/ sEk ekw-eq'X
nkfd ;G ftekoK B{z SZve/ nkswk ftZu jh fJZe-o;, fdqV fJ;fEsh
tkbk j' e/ ofjzdk j? sK nb"fee nkBzd d/ o; ftZu, fJj nfXekoh
wstkbk j' iKdk j?. T[j nefj nkBzd, pkDh (i[pkB) d`kok fe;
soQK eEB ehsk ikt/ < feT[Afe T[j sK r{zr/ d/ ykX/ j'J/ r[V tKr{z jh
j?. fJ; gqeko dh fJ;fEsh tkbk i' e'Jh j' iKdk j?, T[jh g{ok
;fsr[o{ j?. T[j ;G pzXBK s'A nkg S[fNnk j'fJnk j? ns/ nkgDh
oD nkJ/ irk;{ B{z Gh ;G gqeko d/ pzXBK s'A S[vk e/ w[es eo
fdzdk j?-
12
r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD
n?;/ r[o eT[ pfb pfb ikJhn? nkfg w[es[ w'fj sko?..
(nzr 1301
1301))
fJ; irQk epho ih dk wsbp fe;/ G/y, fe;/ ;zgqdkfJ iK T[;

dh ohsh, o;w, fB:w iK wfonkdk B{z p[ok efjD dk BjhA j?, fezs{
yzvB fJ; rZb dk j? fe fi; soQK dh pkjo'A fdyktN pDktN j?,
T[;h d/ :[es fuZs feT[A BjhA j? < fuZs ;z;ko d/ gdkoEK Bkb
pZfMnk j'fJnk fJT[A bNe fojk j? fiT[A fe;/ B{z rb ftZu oZ;h gk e/
fpqS Bkb Nzfrnk ikt/. T[; jkbs ftu g?oK dk ;zpzX whB Bkb
Bk j'D eoe/, T[j pKSs t;s{ dh gqkgsh bJh fJe edw Gh BjhA
g[ZN ;edk sK fco gqG{ wkor ftZu T[;dk rwB fe; soQK j' ;edk
j?< i' e/tb pkjob/ fuzBQK B{z Xkoe/ jh feqs-feqs j' fojk j't/ :kBh
fJBQK s'A fGzB e[M Gh eoBk pkeh BjhA fojk, fJj ;wMe/ nzdo'A
;z;koh tkBktK Bkb pZfMnk fgnk j't/, T[;dh w[esh fet/A< fJ;
bJh ekwBktK, feq:ktK ns/ wiQpK dk nXk; (brkT[) SZve/
f;oc gqG{ Bkw dk ;jkok b? e/, T[; gowgd dh gqkgsh bJh
:sBhb j' ikDk ukjhJ/ feT[Afe eb:kD wkor ftZu fi; soQK
fJSktK gqshpzXe jB, T[;h gqeko G/yK dk nfGwkB Gh o[ektN j?.
pkjob/ G/y sK fuzBQ, nbrsk, tyo/t/A nkfd dh gSkD s'A fpBK,
j'o e[M Gh eoB tkb/ BjhA jB. fJBQK fuzBQK B{z ns/ d/j nkfd gqgzu
B{z i' fwqr-ib tKr{z nfBZs (M{mk) ;wMD tkbk j?, T[jh w[es
j'fJnk-j'fJnk e'Jh ftobk wjKg[o j?. irk;{ iB T[;dh oD
rqfjD eoB, T[j fBu/ jh pzXB s'A w[es eo d/t/rk feT[Afe T[j
irs ns/ gqG{ B{z fJZe o{g ftZu nB[Gt eoB tkbk :kBh jo gqeko
dk G/d-Gkt s'V e/, gqG{ Bkb nG/d j' u[Zfenk j[zdk j?.
g q B L ekwb r[o{ dh y'i dk sohek eh j'Dk ukjhJ/ < fJ; ftZu
tZvh emBkJh j? feT[Afe fBzdqk ftZu ;[Zsk j'fJnk wB[ (nfrnkBh,
nwo t;s{
13
iht), ikrd/ wB[ (frnkBh, r[o{) B{z BjhA ikD s/ d/y ;edk.
T[Zso L ;fsr[o{ dh Gkb eoB dh b'V BjhA j?. b'V j? sK
e/tb fJjh fe gqG{ doB bJh fuZs ftZu sVg s/ ftnke[bsk g?dk
j' ikt/. ;z;kfoe ekwBktK ftu gqG{ doB dh ekwBk Gh Gkt/A
fJZe ekwBk jh j? gqzs{ fJj ekwBk j'o ;G Bkb'A ;q/N j?. fJ; bJh
fJj fJsBh fnkdk gqpb j't/ fe fuZs p/u?B j' ikt/. fJj p/u?Bh
fB;u/ jh ;fsr[o{ dk fwbkg eokT[Adh j? feT[Afe nzsoikwh gqG{ jo
fJZe d/ nzsjeoD ftZu fpokiwkB j?. T[j nkgD/ fwbkg ykso
ir:k;{ dh sVg s/ ftnke[bsk B{z ikD e/, nkgD/ Bkb fJZefwZe j'J/ frnkBtkB-;fsr[o{ B{z fwbkt/rk. ;' ir:k;{ B{z ukjhJ/
fe fi; ftZu d?th-r[D Bo nkT[D :kBh fi; ftu gkyzv, xwzv,
okr-d`?, fJSktK ns/ Jhoyk nkfd n"r[D fdykJh Bk d/D nfij/
fe;/ ftd`kB ns/ nGk;h g[o dh ;zrs eo/. Bkb-Bkb r[opkDh
ns/ j'o ;fs-k;sqK dk gmB-gkmB ns/ ftuko ikoh oZy/.
j/ gqG{ ! s/oh d:k fi; go j't/, T[; [G eowK tkb/ B{z g{oB ;zs
dk fwbkg j[zdk j?. fi; T[Zs/ s/oh feqgk fdqNh BjhA, T[j fBGkrk,
T[do gokfJD (g/N g{osh dh fuzsk tkb/) ns/ fsqBk Bkb ;V/ iKd/
;`KrhnK d/ ekp{ nk e/ Bk fJ; wksb'e d/ bkfJe ofjzdk j? ns/ Bk
jh gob'e d/. fJj pks gqsZy d/yD ftZu nk ojh j?. fJj s/oh jh
feqgk dk cb j? i' T[j N[ZN/ j'J/ fdb tkbk fti'rh, nBzs eNK B{z
;jkodk j'fJnk, fi; T[Zsw wjK-fsnkrh ;zs dh y'i ftZu fco
fojk ;h, g{opb/ [ZG eowK d/ cb ;ò{g nZi T[; B{z gqkgs j' frnk.
prhu/ ftZu ;?o eod/ j'J/ wjKg[oK B{z pkjo'A d/yd/ ;ko jh fti'rh
nzdo frnk. ns:zs fBzwqsk g{ope uoBK ftZu gqDkw ehsh.
wjKg[oK B/ pVh v{zxh fdqNh Bkb fti'rh tZb sZfenk s/ wX[o
ntk u fJT[A p'b/wjKg[ o L w/o/ nkswk! s{z fe; dh sbk ftZ u n?BK ftnke[b
r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD
14
s/ p/u?B j'fJnk fcodk j?A <

fti'rh L wjkoki ! fijVk w/oh fJ; ftnke[b nt;Ek B{z ;wM
bt/.
wjKg[ o L fijVk s/o/ fBok;/ fuZs dh p/u?Bh B{z d/y/rk, eh s{z Gh
T[; B{z ;wM bt/Ark <
fti'rh L ih jK! ;wMd/ ;ko jh ;G e[M T[;d/ nogD eo d/tKrk.
wjKg[o ;[D e/ uZ[g-ukg fe;/ rfjoh ftuko ftZu Nfjbd/ oj/.
e?;/ T[j ;zs jB < fiBQK dk d/j nfGwkB BN j' u[Zfenk j?n;zr, fBob/g, pqjw q'sqh:, pqjwfBm, fBekw, fBgkg, fpBK
ekoD s'A d:k d/ ;w[zdo ns/ oD nkJ/ ;ZiDK d/ fjs?h jB. gqG{
nzsoikwh ns/ fJ; gqeko d/ fXnkB wrB ;zsK d'jK ftZu e[M Gh
G/d gqshs BjhA fdzdk. gqzs{ nfij/ ;zs nfs:zs d[obG jB noEks
eq'VK ftZu'A e'Jh fJZe nfijk Ks-fuZs wjKg[o j[zdk j? okw ;zs wfj G/d[ feS[ Bkjh J/e[ iB[ eJh wfj bky eo'oh..
(nzr 208
208))
r[o[ ;woE[ r[o[ fBozeko[ r[o[ T{uk nrw ngko[..

r[o eh wfjwk nrw j? fenk eE/ eEBjko[..
(nz r 52
52))
r[o[ gow/;o[ J/e[ j? ;G wfj ofjnk ;wkfJ..
(nzr 53
53))
s{z ;zsB ek ;zs s[wko/ ;zs ;kfjp wB[ wkBk ihT[..

(nzr 100
100))
r[od/t ;fsr[o[ gkopqjw[ gow/;o[

r[od/t BkBe jfo Bw;eok..
(nzr 250
250))
[G eowK d`kok ;fsr[o{ dh gqkgsh

fiBQK irk;{nK d/ g{opb/ [G eow, nkgDk cb d/D bJh
;Bw[y j[d
z / jB, T[BKQ tZv/ GkrK tkfbnK B{z jh fJ; gqeko d/ gqwkswk
nwo t;s{
15
;ò{g, ;fsr[o{ d/t dh oD fwbdh j?.

g[o? Gkfr ;sr[o[ fwb? ik Gkr? ek T[dT[ j'fJ..
nzsoj[ d[y[ Gqw[ eNhn? ;[y[ gokgfs j'fJ..
(nzr 31
31))
fpB[ Gkrk ;fsr[o[ Bk fwb? xfo p?fmnk fBefN fBs gkf;..

nzsfo nfrnkB d[y[ Gow[ j? ftfu gVdk d{fo gJhnkf;..
fpB[ ;fsr[o G/N/ ezuB[ Bk Ehn?
wBw[y[ b'j[ p{vk p/Vh gkf;..
(nzr 40
40))
g{op eow nze[o ip gqrN/ G/fNU g[oy[ of;e p?okrh..

fwfNU nzX/o[ fwbs jfo BkBe iBw iBw eh ;'Jh ikrh..
(nzr 204
204))
fiB w;sfe X[fo jfo fbfynk

fsBk ;fsr[o[ fwfbnk okw oki/..
(nzr 450
450))
nksw gqkgsh ;fsr[o{ d`kok jh j[zdh j?

T[gd/ ;w/A, okshA p?m/ j'J/ ;s;zrhnK d/ e'b, fti'rh Gh ik
p?fmnk. g{oBwkh dk uzdqwk fiT[A nkgDhnK ;hsb feoBK Bkb
jo t;s{ ftZu nzfwqs Godk j? fsT[A jh wjKg[o gftsq w[y d`kok
irk;{ iBK d/ sgd/ fjod/ dh Ksh bJh, fJT[A nzfwqs po;k oj/
jB fpB[ ;pd? nzsfo nkB/ok.. B t;s[ bj? B u{e? c/ok..
;fsr[o jfE e[zih j'os[ do[ y[b? Bkjh
r[o[ g{o? Gkfr fwbktfDnk..
(nzr 124
124))
pqjw i' ;opZsq g{oB j? ns/ nkswk o{g j' e/ jo/e gqkDh ftZu
gqrN j' fojk j?, T[; fBofteko ns/ n;zr nkgD/-nkg B{z w?A
izwdk jK, wodk jK, d[yh-;[yh nkfd nt;Ek tkbk wzB e/ fJT[A j'
iKdk j? fiT[A e'Jh fJZe dhB B"eo ;`kwh dh skfpnk ftZu ofjzdk
16
r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD
Eo-Eo ezpdk j? fe w/o/ s'A e'Jh rbsh B j' ikt/. fJj nzXeko eq'VK
;kekw eow eoB Bkb Gh d{o BjhA j' ;edk id se fJ; nXko'g
(Gow eoe/ fJZe t;s{ B{z d{ih t;s{ ;wMDk) d/ T[vk d/D tkb/
gqek o{g wjKtke dk qtD BjhA j[zdk. i' t;s{ nsh ;{yw j? ns/
nzX/o/ ftZu gJh j?, T[; B{z fpBK gqek s'A fe; soQK bZG fbnk ikt/
rk< id se T[j nkswk o{g t;s{, frnkB o{g gqek Bkb,
nfrnkB o{g nzXo/ / ftZu'A BjhA bGdh T[dA' sZe iBw-woB, nkT[DikD o{g ;co w[Ze ikt/ fJj j' jh BjhA ;edk.
gqzs{ fJ; ftZu, fe;/ j'o dh fJwdkd (wdd) eo Gh e[M BjhA
;edh, feT[Afe wjkB fBXh (kBk) i' skb/ d/ nzdo j? (fe;/ feb/
Ghso T[; ;[ofyns t;s{) B{z p?o wkfbe d/, fi; gk; fe e[zih
ofjzdh j?, e"D y'bQ/rk< noEks nsh wp{s gzi e' * nBksw o{gh
fetkVK B{z y'bQ e/, frnkB d`kok fB/X eoe/, ir:k;{ nw'be
nksw t;s{ B{z gqkgs eodk j?. T[j frnkB o{gh e[zih, ;fsr[o{ s'A
fpBK j'o fe;/ gk; Gh BjhA j?. feT[A< fJ; bJh fe nfrnkB o{gh
febk, ;fsr[o{ d/ jh nkfqs j? :kBh pqjw d/ jh nk;o/ wkfJnk j?.
*
e' Bkw fwnkB dk j?. fiT[A sbtko B{z fwnkB B/ Yfenk j'fJnk j?, fsT[A jh gzi
e'K B/ nkswk B{z S[gk ofynk j?. T[j gzi e' fJj jB -
1 - ;E{b ;oho B{z nzBw: e' efjzd/ jB.

2 - gzi eow/AdqhnK s/ gzi gqkD gqkDw: e' j?.
3 - gzi frnkB/AdqhnK s/ wB wB'w: e' j?.
4 - gzi frnkB/AdqhnK s/ p[ZXh ftfrnkBw: e' j?.
5 - g[zB eow cb d/ G'rB ;w/A nzsowZ[y j'Jh fpqsh ftZu nkswkBzd ;ò{g dk gqfsfpzp
(ne;) :kBh ;[y dh gqshsh s/ T[jh fpqsh g[zB eow cb G'rD T[gqzs bhB j[zdh j?
fJj fpqsh nkBzdw: e' j?. ekoD oho Gh fJjh j?.
gqkDw:, wB'w: s/ ftfrnkBw:, fJj fszB e' ;{yw ;oho ftZu jB.
nwo t;s{
17
T[j fBofteko pqjw, ;fsr[o{ o{g tkbk j' frnk j?. T[; s'A fpBK
fszB r[D o{gh fJ; fdqVQ feb/ d/ r/N B{z y'bD
Q dh skes e"D oydk j? <
fi; ek frqj[ fsfB dhnk skbk e[zih r[o ;T[gkJh..
nfBe T[gkt eo/ Bjh gkt? fpB[ ;fsr[o ;oDkJh..
(nzr 205
205))
fJ; bJh fJj pks mhe ejh rJh j? fe e[zih ;fsr[o{ d/ jZE
ftZu j?. wkfJnk o{gh feb/ nzdo gJh nksw t;s{ dh gqkgsh dk
ukjtkB irk;{, eqq'VK ebgK* s'A uko'A soc G"Adk fcodk j?, nzdo
gqt/ j'D bJh o;sk BjhA fwbdk. T[; ftnke[b dh dk T[Zs/ so;
yk e/, fdnkb{ ;fsr[o{ fwbd/ jB. fJj w'j ns/ 'e s'A ofjs nksw
t;s{ B{z gqkgs eok d/D tkbk fwbkg, fpBK [G-eowK s'A ed/ j'D
tkbk BjhA j?. fJ; gqeko T[gd/ eod/ j'J/ wjKg[o u[Zg j' rJ/. fJT[A
;wM' fe fti'rh d/ fBok;/ wB T[Zs/ fJBQK gftZsq puBK dk eh n;o
j'fJnk j?, fJ; jkbks B{z nzso:kwsk d`kok d/yD bZr gJ/ jB.
g q B -j'o Gh sK eJh irk;{ T[gd/ ;qtD eod/ jB, fJZe
fti'rh tb jh wjKg[oK dk ft/ fXnkB d/D dk eh wsbp j? <
T[Zso
so-;opr wjKg[o T[; Bt/A nke/ p?m/ fti'rh d/ wB dh
p/u?Bh B{z ;wMd/ jB fe fJj gqhsw d/ ftS'V/ Bkb xkfJb j'fJnk,
fwbkg o{gh dtkJh tk;s/, fe;/ t?d B{z Gkbdk j?. wjKg[o fdnkb{
jB ns/ j?D Gh rkoV{**, fJ; bJh fJj j' fe; soQK ;edk j? fe
fpoj o{gh ;Zg d/ vzr Bkb sVcd/ B{z nZyhA d/ye/ Gh T[;dh ikB Bk
*
ebg-g[okDK nB[;ko pqjwk dk fJZe fdB. fJj fJZe fdB 4 nop 32 eo'V ;kbK dk
j[zdk j?.
**
rkoV{ - ;Zg d/ vzr/ j'J/ dh dtkJh ns/ wzsq dk ikD{z. Gkt fe wkfJnk o{gh ;ogBh
d/ vzr/ j'J/ iht B{z feqgk o{gh dtkJh ns/ Bkw o{gh r[o wzsq d/e/ pukT[D tkbk
wjKg[oy.
18
r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD
pukT[D< o'rh, Xhoi ;fjs wkb{w fdzdk j? feT[Afe fgnk; Bkb

;[Ze oj/ gqkDK dh oZfSnk bJh ;`S ns/ ;hsb ib d/ uw/ dh
gqkgsh j' rJh j?. u?B tkbk, nk;o/ tkbk, ;z: ofjs ns/ fyfVQnk
j'fJnk wZ[y fdykJh d/D bZr fgnk j?. gq;zB j't/ th feT[A Bk<
fi;d/ fwbD dh fuZs ftZu shpo fJZSk ;h, T[j fgnkok ;fsr[o{
fwb frnk! ;fsr[o{ fwb frnk j?!!
19
;s T[ g d/ gq e oD
d/j nkfd gqgzu ns/ d/j dh joes eokT[D
tkbh ;Zsk d/ pko/ gqB
d{i/ fdB ;t/o/, fJBkB nkfd feqnk s'A ftjb/ j' e/, jZE ftZu
;'jD/-;'jD/ c[Zb b?e/, oXk, gq/w sEk fttk; dk nzdo'A-pkjo'A
b/g eoe/ wB o{gh ykbh xV/ B{z b?e/ ;fsr[o{ d/ doBK bJh fJT[A
s[o fgnk, fiT[A ;fsr[o{ d/ nzfwqs o{gh puBK Bkb Goe/ fbnkT[Dk
j[d
z k j?. mhe j?, fiBQK B{z nzfwqs dk e[v
z fwb ikJ/, T[j fwqs{ s'A S[ND
bJh, fJBkB eoB ftZu d/oh Gh feT[A eoB< gqek d/ j[zfdnK Gh
e'Jh nzX/o/ ftZu m'eoK yKdk j? < G[Zy Bkb ftnke[b g[o, G'iB dk
Ekb e'b nk ikD s/ Gh, o'Nh ykD bJh d/oh eodk j? <
wjKg[oK B{z Bweko ehsh ns/ ;fji Bkb p?m frnk. ;opr
wjKg[oK d/ B{oh fujo/ tb, gq/w Bkb fJT[A sZedk j?, fiT[A ue'o
uzdqwk B{z d/ydk j?-rodB Gkt/A w[Ve (N[N) ikt/ go ue'o dh Bo
BjhA fcodh. fti'rh B{z id ;fs;zr eofdnK, eohpB fszB wjhB/
phs/ sK r[o{d/t B/ gq;zB j' e/ fejk fe fgnko/ fti'rh ! s{z fJZE/ fe;
BfwZs ofjzdk j?A < fJ; s'A tXhnk Gh e'Jh j'o tes fwbDk ;h XB
b[ZND dk < pZ;, gq/wh bJh dotk/ y[ZbQ rJ/, nBzs esh dh fBXh
fwb rJh ns/ y[h dh jZd jh w[Ze rJh. S/sh Bkb T[fmnk, gqBkw
ehsh s/ jZE pzBQ e/ nsh fBzwqsk g{ope efjD bZfrnk d[yhnK d/ ;jko/, gqG{ nzso:kwh! w?A fJj gsk eoB kso
nkgih d/ uoBK ftZu ofjzdk jK fe fJj fdydk uzrk Gbk j? s/
20
;s T[gd/ gqeoD
y'i eoe/ d/yhJ/ sK fBebdk e[M Gh BjhA. eh fJj fe;/ wzsqh

(wzsq ftZfdnk Bkb j'o B{z e[ZM j'o fdykT[D tkbk) dk Sb j? :k
;Zu-w[Zu jh ;Zuk j?, kfJd w/oh ;wM ftZu BjhA nkT[Adk j't/rk<
M{mk fJ; B{z fe; soQK efj d/JhJ/ feT[Afe gqsZy 'e-w'j, G[Zyfgnk; s/ iBw-woB nkfd dk nB[Gt j[zdk j? s/ ;s Gh fe; soQK
ejhJ/< r{VQh fBzdqk (;[[gsh) ftZu fJ;dk fes/ Bkw fBkB Gh BjhA
j[zdk. t/dKs Gh fJj' efjzdk j? fe w[es g[o :kBh sZs`t/sk B{z
;z;ko dh gqshsh BjhA j[zdh. w{oSk (p/j'h) nt;Ek ftZu Gh ;z;ko
dk nGkt j[zdk j? ns/ ;wkXh ekb ftZu Gh fJj irs BjhA ofjzdk.
fJj e/tb ikfrqs ns/ ;[gBekb ftZu jh Gk;dk j?.
w?A pVk j?okB jK i' fJsBk ;[zdo, e'wb, fgq: pkDh (nktk)
tkbk, nkfrnkekoh, nsh fgnkok s/ ;'jDhnK joesK eodk j'fJnk
Bo nkT[Adk j?, T[j fSzB ftu joes {B feT[A j' iKdk j?! eh T[j
p[Zs fijk e[M Gh BjhA j?< T[; ftZu T[j fejVh uh j? i' feqnk
eokT[Adh s/ ;[zdoskJh pdh j?< eh T[; ftZu'A T[j t;s{ fBeb
iKdh j?< T[j nkJh fe; soQK ;h, nkJh feT[A ns/ fbnkT[D tkbk
e"D j?< T[j iKdh fe; soQK j?, rJh feT[A ns/ b? e"D iKdk j?< fJj
w?A nkg ih dh feqgk Bkb ;wMdk jK fe oho ;s BjhA j?. ;s
T[jh t;s{ j? fi;d/ ofjD Bkb fJj oho Gh ;s jh Gk;dk j? gqzs{
;s s/ n;s dk w/b eh< ;s t;s{ ftZu sK nkT[Dk ikDk j?
jh BjhA feT[Afe T[j ;op ftnkge ns/ fBot?t (BktkB) noEks
nzrK ;z:[es :kBh nkeko tkbh BjhA j?. i' n;s j?, T[;dh
gqshsh Gh j'Dh BjhA ukjhdh. fiT[A yor' d/ f;zr BjhA jB ns/ Bk
j'D d/ ekoB, T[j fe;/ B{z gqshs Gh BjhA fdzd/. pzfXnk (pKM) fJ;sqh
dk gZ[sq Bk j'D d/ ekoB, fe;/ B{z fdykJh Gh BjhA fdzdk gqzs{ fJj
irs sK ;kwQD/ Bo nkT[Adk j? id fe fJj j? e[M Gh BjhA, fJj sK
e'Jh X'yk j?. w?A fJ; Sb s'A vfonk j'fJnk, G? Ghs j' e/ fBefbnk
nwo t;s{
21
fcodk jK. nZi B"A (9) wjhB/ j' u[e/ jB, w?B{z fJ; Gow B/ nfijk
vokfJnk j? i' fJ; s'A Eo-Eo ezpdk jK gqzs{ nZi skJhA fe;/ B/ Gh
w?B{z fBoG?sk dk dkB BjhA fdZsk.
pj[s irQk w?A frnk s/ nkgDk d[Zy Gh c'b e/ df;nk gqzs{ e/tb
feskph fj;kp-feskp noEks rqE
z K dhnK rZbK :kd ehshnK j'JhnK
jh dZ;d/ jB. tZv/-tZv/ gqf;ZX ftd`kB Gh jB g qzs{ pk-nwb (ewkJh
tkb/) :kBh nB[Gth g[o BjhA d/y./ ftd`kB Gh j't/ s/ ss` -t;s{ dk
frnksk Gh, fJj sK feqgkb{ d/t! w?A fJZe nkg ih B{z jh d/y fojk jK.
w?B{z i' Gow dk jkEh, x;hN-x;hN e/ e[ubdk ns/ spkj eoh iKdk
j?, T[; s'A puD bJh w?A nkg ih dh oD ftZu nkfJnk jK feT[Afe
nkg wjkB s/iZ;th, ;sq-n;sq ;z:[es ;{opho j'. fJ; vo ns/
Gow d/ ftBk bJh i' nkg d/ gk; nsh shyD frnkB o{gh ;sq s/
shpo t/r tkb/ wjKtke o{gh n;sq jB, T[BQK d/ Bkb fJBQK dk
ftBk eoe/, j/ o D nkfJnK dh oZfSnk eoB tkb/ nG? gd dksk!
w?B{z fBoG? eo'! ;z;ko o{gh fGnkBe nrBh ftZu ;V/ iKd/ fJ; dhB
B{z, gow nkBzd o; nB[Gt ;fjs gftZsq puB o{gh nzfwqs fSVe e/
Ksh p ' . j/ Ksh d/ ;kro! w?A nkg ih dh o D nk g[Zik jK.
Gt-;kro ftZu v[Zp/ iKd/ B{z, f;tkJ/ nkg d/ wjKtke o{gh ijk s'A,
w?B{z e'Jh T[gkfJ BjhA fdydk fi; Bkb fe w?A nsh gqpb d[Zy o{gh
bfjoK ftZu'A pue/ ;[y g{ope d{i/ gko g[Zi ;eK. wjkswk b'e, fpBK
ekoB jh d[BhnK dk d[Zy d{o eoB ftZu bZr iKd/ jB. fJ; gqeko dk
T[BQK dk ;[GkT[ jh j[zdk j?. j/ feqgkb{ d/t! w?A d[yh Gh, nkg ih d/ uoB
ewbK ftZu nk g[Zik jK, nkg ih d:k, feogk, w/jo eo'!
T[j fezB/ e[ [G-eowK tkb/ j'Dr/ fiBQK B{z j/ dhBk BkE! nkg B/
o D d/ e/ nkgD/ rb bk fbnk j?. woB-izwD o{gh gqtkj ftZu'A ;dk
bJh jh eZY bJ/ s/ ;[yh pDk fdZs/ jB. fJj d`?s o{gh nzX/oh nkgD/
g{o/ t/r Bkb, nsh gquzv o{g XkoB eo e/ tr ojh j?. j/ nkek s[b
22
;s T[gd/ gqeoD
fBob/g gqG!{ w/o/ nd`s

? o{gh g?o T[ykV e/, nkgD/ Bkb T[vkJh bJh
iKdh j?. ed/ u[Ze e/ okr-d`? o{gh dqsK Bkb wkodh j?, ed/ ekw, eq'X
o{gh wfjbK Bkb NeokT[Adh j? ns/ ed/ nsh fpgsk o{gh N'J,/ fNZfpnK
ftZu ik ;[ZNdh j?. j/ gops ;wkB nub gqG!{ w?Bz{ nkgDh ;fs;zr o{gh
r'd ftZu b? bt'! nkg ih s'A fpBK w/ok e'Jh nk;ok BjhA j?.
wjKtke L r[o{ L j/ g[sq! vo BjhA, Xhoi eo, s/o/ ;zeN d/ fdB
j[D sw j' u[Ze/ jB. fisB/ Gh eb/K dk s{z nB[Gt ehsk j?, T[j
e/tb nfrnkB d/ ekoB s?B{z nDj'Jh gqshsh j'Jh j?. s{z nub,
fBofteko ns/ fBoftebg nkswk j?A, s/o/ ftZu fe;/ gqeko dh
fezus-wksq Gh e'Jh ebgBk BjhA j?.
fti'rh dh xpok e/ gqkoEBk

fti'rh L ;fsr[o d/t! w?A nkswk iK pqjw nkfd fe; soQK j'
;edk jK< w?A izwdk-wodk, G[Zy-fgnk; ns/ 'e-w'j nkfd BkBk
T[gdqtK Bkb sK fxfonk j'fJnk jK. w?A fBopb, dhB, p/;wM s/
fSzB-fSzB ftZu spdhb j[zdk ofjD tkbk, pqjw fe; soQK j' ;edk
jK< j/ nb"fee esh gqdksk! fJj fe; soQK dh nDj'Dh rZb, w?A
nZi ;[D fojk jK. p/gotkj gqG{! w/ok sK fgSbk ;zd/j jh jkbK
fwfNnk BjhA s/ fJj j'o n;uoi puB, nkg ih d/ ewb-w[y d`kok
qtD eo fojk jK. fJ;dk r[gs oj;: i' nkg ih d/ fuZs ftZu j?, ;'
y'bQ e/ ;wMkT[D dh feqgk eo' ns/ w/o/ fgSb/ ;zd/j B{z Gh fBftos
eoB kso, nkgDh pkDh o{gh jtk ubkT[ !
d/j nzdo nksw i'sh

;fsr[o{ L r[opkDh, t/d, k;sq ns/ f;zwqshnK d/ nzsqht Gkt
B{z ;wMD bJh ;ktXkB j'!
s/ok g q B oho ftZu T[j fejVh t;s{ j?, fi;d/ ofjD Bkb
nwo t;s{
23
fJj iVQ oho feqnk eodk j?< s/ Bk ofjD Bkb feqnk- {B j' iKdk
j?< noEks fwqs{ B{z gqkgs j' iKdk j?<
fgnko/ g[s!q T[j t;s{ nksw i'sh j? T[; u/sB i'sh dh ;sk
Bkb fJj iVQ nszs ;[zdo, j;dk-y/vdk, yKdk-ghAdk, T[mdkp?mdk, fgnko eodk, joy s/ 'e nkfd nBzs gqeko d/ fttjko
eodk fdydk j?. fJ; nksw-i'sh dh ;Zsk Bkb jh, B/sq o{g B{z
d/yd/ jB, ezB nktk B{z ;[Dd/ jB, Bk;K rzX B{z ;[zxdhnK,
o;Bk o;-;`kd uydh s/ sùk (uwVh) mzYk-sZsk, ;s-e'wb
B{z goydh j?. fJ; gow-i'sh Bkb jh wB i' iVQ j?, nZy d/ coeD
wksq ftZu eq'VK e';K* se g[Zidk, nkgDk ;zebg-ftebg o{g ezw
eodk s/ tkg; nk iKdk j?. pkDh (ihG) fJ; dh ;Zsk Bkb p'bdh,
jZE t;s{ B{z rqfjD eod/, g?o ubd/, fB s/ r[dk w{sq ns/
wb dk fsnkr eod/ jB. p[ZXh fJ; TZ[i`b i'sh Bkb Gbh s/ p[oh
pks dk ftuko eodh s/ fB;u/ :[es j[zdh j?. gzi (5) gqkD**
nkgDh nkgDh feqnk eoB ftZu fJ; gow-i'sh Bkb jh ;woE
j[zd/ jB. d; (10) fJzdqhnK***, gzi gqkD, wB s/ p[ZXh fJBQK
;sQkoK (17) sZsK dk pfDnk j'fJnk ;{yw oho ns/ pkjo fdykJh
iK gqshs d/D tkbk gzi G"fse ;E{b oho, d'B'A jh fJ; nkswi'sh d/ gqek Bkb gqekfs j' oj/ jB. fJ; gow-i'sh s'A fpBK i'
e[M Gh j?, ;G iVQ j?, :kBh joes s'A ofjs j?. fJj fBZs gqek o{g
nb"fee nksw-i'sh fJ; d/j-fJzdqh: o{g ;zxks (fJem) ftZu
jh fpokiwkB j?.
fpqjdkoD:e T[gfBd ftZu :krtbe w[Bh s/ iBe ;ztkd
d`kok fJ; nksw-i'sh B{z ft;Eko g{ope :kBh nkswk d/
*
**
***
e'; - e'j & (v/Y whb) & (d' feb'whNo) bZrgZr

gzi gqkD fJj jB - gqkD, ngkB, ;wkB, ftnkB, T[dkB.
d; fJzdqhnK fJj jB - gzi eow fJzdqhnK - ihG, jE, g?o, fB, r[dk.
gzi frnkB fJzdqhnK - nZyK, ezB, BZe, o;Bk, sùk (uwVh).
24
;s T[gd/ gqeoD
j'D/-gB/ B{z d/j s'A fGzB, [ZX, ;`:zgqek, Bk S[gD tkbh esh,
fi; T[Zgo j'o e'Jh Gh nkBzd BjhA, T[j nkBzd fJ; nkswk dk
;[GkT[ jh j?. fJ; dk :EkoE p'X :kBh frnkB eokT[D kso pVh
;[zdo ohsh Bkb toBD ehsk frnk j?.
iBe-j/ :krtbe! fJj g[o fe; i'sh tkbk j?, noEks
iBe
T[j fejVh i'sh j?, fi; Bkb fJj fttjko eodk j?< fJj gqB fJ;
wsbp B{z b? e/ j? fe fJj g[o nkgD/ ohoe nzrK s'A pkjo ofjD
tkbh, fe;/ j'o i'sh Bkb fttjko eodk j? nEtk nkgD/ nzrK
:kBh oho ftZu ofjD tkbh i'sh Bkb jh fJj g[o, i'sh dk ezw
g{ok eodk j?.
:kr tbe -j/ iBe! fJj g[o gqf;ZX ;{oi i'sh tkbk j?
noEks d/j s'A fGzB ;{oi d`kok B/sq gqek gk e/ jh, p?mdk-T[mdk,
fJZXo-TZ[Xo, nzdo-pkjo :k izrb ftZu iKdk j?. T[ZE/ ike/ ezw
eodk s/ fi; soQK frnk ;h, T[;/ soQK tkg; Gh nk iKdk j?. fJ;
bJh fJj g[o ;{oi i'sh Bkb ;G fttjko eodk j?.
iBe-;{oi d/ fSg ikD Bkb, fJj g[o fe; i'sh tkbk j[zdk
iBe
j? noEks fe; i'sh Bkb feqnk eodk j?<
:kr tbe -T[; ;w/A uzdqwk jh fJ;dh i'sh j[zdk j?. uzdqwk
o{gh i'sh d`kok jh fJj p?mdk, fJZXo-T[ZXo iKdk, eow eodk ns/
tkg; nk iKdk j?.
iBe-;{oi d/ fSg ikD Bkb s/ uzdqwk d/ Gh fSg ikD go,
iBe
fJj g[o fe; i'sh tkbk j[zdk j?<
:kr tbe -nrBh jh fJ; dh i'sh j[zdk j?. :kBh nrBh
o{gh i'sh Bkb p?mdk, fJZXo-T[ZXo iKdk, eow eodk ns/ tkg;
nk iKdk j?.
iBe-;{oi fSgD go, uzdqwk fSg ikD Bkb s/ nrBh Ks
iBe
j'D :kBh p[M ikD go, fJj g[o fe; i'sh tkbk j[zdk j?<
nwo t;s{
25
:kr tbe- tke jh fJ; dh i'sh j[zdk j?. fJj tke :kBh
pkDh Bkb p'b e/ s/ tke B{z jh ;[De/ p?mdk, fJZXo-T[ZXo iKdk,
ezw eodk ns/ tkg; nk iKdk j?. j/ iBe! tok ekb ftZu
pZdbK d/ nzX/o/ nzdo ;G i'shnK d/ p[M ikD Bkb nkgDk jZE Gh
fdykJh BjhA fdzdk, T[; tes u/Nk pzd j'D s/ pkjobh i'sh dk
nGkt j'D d/ ekoB fiZE/ pkDh dk T[ukoB j[zdk j?e[Zsk G"Aedk,
rXk jhArdk :k e'Jh nkdwh p'bdk j?, T[; nktk w[skfpe T[;
gk;/ g[o ufbnk iKdk j?, fttjko eodk ns/ tkg; nk iKdk j?.
iBe-;{oi d/ n;s j'D go, uzdw
q k d/ fSg ikD go, nrBh
iBe
d/ Ks j'D Bkb s/ tke d/ Gh Ks j'D go, fJj g[o fe; i'sh
tkbk j[zdk j?<
:kr tbe -nkswk jh fJ; dh i'sh j[zdk j?. nkswk, d/jfJzdqhnK o{g nkgD/ nzrK s'A i[dk, d/j ns/ fJzdqhnK dk gqeke,
;{oi nkfd i'shnK ftZu ;wkB s/ ;`:z-gqek :kBh fe;/ j'o d{ih
i'sh d`kok gqekfs Bk j'D tkbh i'sh fejk iKdk j?. fJj nkswi'sh, d/j d/ nzdo j[zdh j'Jh Gh, fJzdqhnK nkfd s'A i[dk :kBh
nbfjdk j[zdh j?.
fJj sK f;ZX j' jh u[Zek j? fe i' i'sh, d/j-fJzdqhnK s'A fGzB sEk
d/j-fJzdqhnK T[Zs/ T[geko eoB tkbh j[zdh j?, T[j B/sq nkfd
pkjobhnK fJzdqhnK Bkb gqkgs j[zdh d/yh iKdh j? fezs{ ;{oi nkfd
i'shnK d/ fBftos j' ikD go fJj nkswk T[BQK (i'shnK) dh soQK
B/sq nkfd fJzdqhnK Bkb gqkgs BjhA j[zdk :kBh fdykJh BjhA fdzdk
gqzs{ fJ; d`kok i'sh dk ezw j[zdk d/fynk iKdk j?. fJ; bJh fJj g[o
nksw-i'sh Bkb jh p?mdk, fJZXo-T[ZXo iKdk, eow eodk ns/
tkg; nk iKdk j?. fJ; bJh fJj rb fB;u/ jh j? fe nkswk oho
d/ nzdo ofjD tkbh gow-i'sh j?. fJj' jh BjhA, T[j ;{oi nkfd
i'shnK Bkb'A fpbZSD :kBh nbr jh gqeko dh ns/ nkeko s'A
26
;s T[gd/ gqeoD
ofjs Gh j?. fJjh ekoB j? i' nksw-i'sh ;{oi nkfd d/ ;wkB

B/sq nkfd fJzdqhnK d`kok rqfjD eoB d/ :'r BjhA j?.
d/j jh nkswk j?
z e k nkg, d/j fJzdqhnK s'A i[dk nksw-i'sh B{z efjzd/ j' gqzs{
fJj rb wzBh BjhA ik ;edh feT[Afe fJj d/j fJzdqhnK ;zxks
(;w{j) jh gqsy d/ydk, ;[Ddk, wzBD eodk s/ ft/ o{g Bkb
ikDdk j?. i/ ;{oi nkfd d/ ;wkB, fJ; oho T[Zs/ T[geko eoB
tkbh e'Jh j'o i'sh j't/ sK T[j nkswk BjhA j' ;edk. i/ T[j e'Jh
i'sh j? jh sK ;{oi nkfd d/ ;wkB jh e'Jh j'o i'sh j't/rh. i' Gh
gqsZy d/yDk nkfd eow eodk j?, T[j d/j fJzdqhnK ;zxks (;w{j)
jh nkswk j'Dk ukjhdk j?. oho s'A fGzB, fe;/ j'o nkswk dh
ebgBk BjhA ehsh ikDh ukjhJ/.
;wkXkBnkg dk fJj efjDk mhe BjhA j? feT[Afe ;[gB ns/
;wkXkB
f;wqsh (:kdks) ftZu d/y/ j'J/ dk jh doB j[zdk j?. nkg B/ i' fJj
fejk fe d/yD nkfd feqnk d/j dh jh j?, T[; s'A fpBK fe;/ j'o dh
BjhA j?, ;' fJj rb fJ; soQK dh BjhA j? feT[Afe i/ doB nkfd
feqnk d/j dh jh j[zdh sK ;[gB ftZu, d/yhnK j'JhnK uhK B{z jh Bk
d/fynk iKdk. nzXk wB[, ;[gB ftZu T[jh uhK d/ydk j? i' T[;B/
gfjbK B/sqK d/ j[zfdnK d/yhnK ;B. fiBQK uhK B{z gfjbK ed/ Gh
:kBh g{opb/ iBw ftZu Gh BjhA d/fynk, T[BQK B{z BjhA d/ydk. fJ;
bJh fJj f;ZX j[zdk j? fe ;[gB ftZu, d/y/ j'J/ gdkoEK B{z jh d/ydk
j?. T[;h B/ gfjbK B/sqK d/ ofjzd/ j'J/, T[BQK gdkoEK B{z d/fynk ;h, d/
j B/ BjhA. i/ d/j d/yD tkbh j[zdh sK fiBQK d`kok T[;B/ gfjbK d/
fynk ;h, T[BQK B/sqK d/ Bk j'D go, T[j gfjb/ d/y/ gdkoEK B{z, ;[gB
ftZu Bk d/ydk. fiBQK d/ B/sq Bk j' u[Ze/ jB, T[BQK B/sq-jhB g[oK
pko/ fJj gqf;ZX j? fe nZi w?A gfjbK d/fynk j'fJnk fjwkfbnk
nwo t;s{
27
gops d/fynk j?. fJ; ekoB fJj ikfDnk iKdk j? fe i' ;[gB B{z
d/yD tkbk j?, T[jh B/sqK d/ Bk Bk j'D go Gh fdqNk :kBh d/yD
tkbk j?. d/j, fdqNk (d/yD tkbh) BjhA j?.
fJ; gqeko f;woD ftZu Gh ;wMDk ukjhdk j?. d/yD tkbk
(fdqNk) ns/ f;woD (:kd) eoB tkb/ dh J/esk j'D s/ i' d/yD
tkbk j?, T[jh f;woD eoB tkbk Gh j?. fJ;h tk;s/ nZyK pzd eoe/,
f;woD eoB tkbk i' gfjbK d/fynk j'fJnk e'Jh o{g j?, T[; o{g B{z
d/y/ j'J/ d/ ;wkB jh d/ydk j?. fiBQK B/sqK B/ gfjbK e'Jh o{g d/fynk
j?, T[j sK whNhnK j'JhnK jB, fJ; bJh fdqNk BjhA jB. i' B/sqK d/
pzd eoB Bkb, :kd nkT[D tkb/ fe;/ o{g B{z d/ydk j?, T[jh B/sqK d/
Bk whND go Gh fdqNk ;h, fJ; soQK ikfDnk iKdk j?.
fJ; s'A fpBQK wfonk j'fJnk oho Gh o{g nkfd dk doB, T[j
BjhA eodk. i/ d/j jh fdqNk j[zdh sK wo ikD go Gh, T[; ftZu d/yD
nkfd feqnk feT[A Bk j[zdh< fJ; bJh fi;d/ d/j ftZu Bk ofjD d/
ekoD, d/yD nkfd feqnk BjhA j[zdh s/ ofjD go j[zdh j?, T[jh doB
nkfd feqnktK d/ eoB tkbk eosk j?, d/j BjhA, fJ; soQK ikBD
ftZu nkT[Adk j?. i/ ej' fe B/sq nkfd fJzdqhnK jh, doB nkfd feqnk
d/ eoB tkbhnK jB sK fJT[A th BjhA j? feT[Afe doB ns/ ;go
d/ i[dk-i[dk eosk jB-doB, B/sq eod/ B/ ns/ ;go, sùk (uwVh)
eodh j?. fdB B{z i' t;s{ d/yh rJh j?, nzX/o/ ftZu T[;h t;s{ Bkb
;go j'D s/, fJ; soQK dk frnkB j[zdk j? fe i' t;s{ w?A d/yh ;h,
T[;h dk ;go eo fojk jK sK fJ; soQK dk nB[Gt BjhA j'Dk ukjhdk.
fJj nB[Gt sd/ j' ;edk j? i/ d/yD tkbk s/ ;go eoB tkbk
fJe' jh j't/. i/ d' j'D sK B/sqK dh feqnk dk frnkB sùk B{z fet/A j'
;edk j?< i' e'Jh t;s{ ;[oihs B/ d/yh j't/, T[; pko/ r[opuB fe;
soQK efj ;edk j? fe T[;h t;s{ dk w?A ;go eo fojk jK feT[Afe
r[opuB B/ sK T[j t;s{ d/yh s/ ;[Dh BjhA j?<
;s T[gd/ gqeoD
28
fi; fJzdqh: dk i' ezw j?, T[; B{z T[jh eo ;edk j?. B/sqK dk ezw,
ezB BjhA fdzd/ s/ ezBK dk ezw, B/sq BjhA fdzd/. fJ; soQK ;kohnK jh
fJzdqhnK fJe d{i/ dk ezw BjhA eo ;edhnK. i' rZb ezBK B/ ;[Dh j?,
T[; B{z pkDh (ihG) fe; soQK efj ;edh j?< ezB jh efjD, fiBQK B/
;[Dh j?. go n?;k j? BjhA, efjzdh pkDh (ihG jh) j?. fi; o{g B{z w?A
d/fynk ;h, T[;h dk ;go eodk jK ns/ fi; pks B{z w?A ;[fDnk
;h, T[;h B{z efj fojk jK. fJ; soQK dh pks sd jh pD/rh i/ ;G
fJzdqhnK dk eosk fJZe j't/ :kBh d/yD tkbk, ;go eoB tkbk,
;[DB tkbk, ;[zxD tkbk ns/ efjD tkbk fJZe j't/ ns/ T[j j't/
Gh fJBQK ;G fJzdqhnK s'A i[dk, n;zr ns/ fBob/g!
wB jh nkswk j?
z e k L fJj mhe j?, go i/ wB B{z jh fdqNk wzB bJhJ/ sK<
T[ Z so L sK Gh rZb BjhA pDdh feT[Afe o{g nkfd dh soQK wB
Gh fdq: j?. fJ; bJh wB Gh fdqNk BjhA j' ;edk feT[Afe wB Gh
fdq: j? ns/ fdq: ed/ Gh fdqNk BjhA j' ;edk. eJh tko T[gd/
;[Ddk j'fJnk ir:k;{ fJj efjzdk j? r[od/t! w?A nkg ih dh pks
;wfMnk BjhA fco ;wMkU, feT[Afe fJj uzub wB, r?ojko j'
frnk ;h. fJ;s'A ;gN j' frnk fe wB B{z T[;B/ nZSh soQK
d/fynk j?, BjhA sK fpBK d/y/ fJj fe; soQK efjzdk< fJ; bJh, f;ZX
j'fJnk fe nksw-i'sh d/j d/ nzdo j? ns/ ;{oi, uzdqwk nkfd dh
soQK oho s'A i[dk th j?. B/sq nkfd fJzdqhnK s'A i[dk ns/ ;G
fJzdqhnK d`kok Bk fdykJh d/D d/ ekoD nksw-i'sh nzdo j? s/
fpbSD Gh j? :kBh pkjobhnK i'shnK Bkb'A fGzB fe;/ j'o jh
gqeko dk j?.
em' g fB d ftZu :woki B/ Bfue/sk B{z T[gd/ fdzfdnK fJj'
nwo t;s{
29
jh ;wMkfJnk ;h fe fi; nkswk d`kok g[o-pd, ;go, o{g, rzX s/ w?EB dk ;[y
nZSh soQK nB[Gt eodk j?, T[; nkswk gk;'A fJ; ;z;ko dh fejVh
rZb ikBD s'A pkeh ofj iKdh j?<
(eL T[L 2. 11.. 3

.)
3.)
fijVk nkswk ;[gB ftZu Bo nkT[D tkb/ gdkoE ns/ ikfrqs

ftZu fdykJh d/D tkb/ gdkoEK B{z d/ydk j?.
(eL T[ L 2. 1 . 4 .)
i' gqkD B{z T[Zgo dh soc b? iKdk j? s/ ngkB B{z Bhu/ dh soc
XZedk j?, fjod/ ftZu ofjD tkb/ tkwB dh fBnkJhA :kBh nkswk
dh ;G d/tsk T[gkBk eod/ jB.
(eL T[L 2. 2
.)
2.. 3
3.)
oho d/ ftZu ofjD tkb/ nkswk d/ ub/ ikD go fJ; oho

ftZu eh ofj iKdk j?<
(eL T[L 2. 2
.)
2.. 4
4.)
wsbp fJj fe Bro d/ ;`kwh d/ ub/ ikD go, fi; soQK Bro d/
t;BheK dh d[odk j[zdh j?, T[;h soQK oho ftZu'A nkswk d/ ub/
ikD Bkb, fJj ;kohnK fJzdqhnK pb-jhD j' iKdhnK jB noEks
e[M Gh eoB d/ :'r BjhA ofjzdhnK.
Bk e'Jh nkdwh gqkD Bkb ihT[Adk j? s/ Bk ngkB Bkb jh. fJj
d'B'A fi;d/ nk;o/ ofjzd/ jB, T[; nfij/ nkswk d/ j'D eoe/ jh
;G ihT[Ad/ jB.
(eL T[ L 2 . 2
.)
2.. 5
5.)
nzr{m/ wksq g[o i' nzsokswk j?, T[j ;dk jh ihtK d/ fjod/
*
ftu fJ;fEs j?.
(eL T[L 2. 3
.)
3.. 17
17.)
fJ; s'A fGzB e'Jh fdqNk (d/yD tkbk) BjhA j? s/ fJ; s'A fGzB
e'Jh q'sk (;qtD eoB tkbk) BjhA j?.
(fpqjL T[L 3. 8
.)
8.. 11
11.)
i'rh-iB, fi;B{z d'-jhD d/yd/ jB, T[j i'sh-;o{g, [ZX

nkswk, oho d/ ftZu jh ofjzdk j?.
*
(wz[L T[L 3. 11.. 5

.)
5.)
nkswk dk e'Jh gqwkD BjhA, feT[Afe T[j nzdk/ s'A pkjo j?. nzr{m/ pokpo fjodk
ewb j?, T[; ftZu ofjD tkbk g[oy-pqjw j?.
30
;s T[gd/ gqeoD
xfN xfN g{fo oj/ ;[y ;kro G? GziB w/o/ gqkB..

(nzr 1302
1302))
ik eh rfs fwfs ejh B ikfJ..

xfN xfN xfN xfN ofjnk ;wkfJ..
(nz r 1181
1181))
xfN xfN nzsfo ;rb nXko[..
(nzr 677
677))
xN xN nzsfo ;kfjp[ B/ok..
(nzr 535
535))
;rb ;wrqh ik e? ;{fs go'Jh..

xN xN nzsfo oftnk ;'Jh..
(nzr 387
387))
xN xN w? jfo i{ p;? ;zsB efjU g[ekfo..
(nzr 1427
1427))
xN xN nzsfo gkopqjw[ Bw;ekfonk..

fJe;[ ftD[ j'o[ d{ik Bkjh
pkpk BkBe fJj wfs ;koh ihT[..
(nzr 108
108))
ttk t?o[ B eohn? ekj{..

xN xN nzsfo pqjw ;wkj{..
(nzr 259
259))
xN xN tk;h ;op fBtk;h B/o? jh s/ B/ok..
(nzr 784
784))
fJ; soQK fJj pks Gbh gqeko f;ZX j' iKdh j? fe fi;d/ ofjD
eoe/ ;E{b ns/ iVQ d/j ;G u/Nk eodh j? ns/ fi;d/ ub/ ikD
Bkb, d/j fro iKdh noEks wo iKdh j?, T[j fJ; d/j B{z ;[zdo ns/
e[o{g pDk d/D tkbk ;`:z nksw-i'sh i' d/j d/ Ghso fJ;fEs
(w"i{d) j? ns/ n;zr th j?.
nkswk d/ d/j ftZu nkT[D s/

ikD pko/ gq B
fgnko/ fti'rh! s/ok i' fJj gqB j? fe T[j t;s{ (nkswi'sh), d/j ftZu nkT[Adh ns/ iKdh fe; soQK j?< ;' ;[DtkBk d/ :[es j'fJnk j'fJnk nkswk, T[; tkBk w[skfpe eqhVk
nwo t;s{
31
(y/v) eoB ykso B/s,q s

'q ,q o;Bk, xqkD (Bkf;ek), sùk s/ wB B{z Bkb
b? e/ oho ftZu fJT[A nk iKdk j? fiT[A e'Jh okik feko y/vD nkfd
eqhVk eoB dh fJZSk oZy e/, nkgD/ nwho, B"eo, ;sq s/ ykD-ghD
dh ;wrqh b?e/ fe;/ nB[eb
{ tD ftZu nke/ szp{ brk e/ p?mdk j? ns/
T[ZE/ wB woh dh u/Nk eodk ofjzdk j?. fBZs T[jh eqhVk eoB Bkb
id T[;dk fuZs nZe iKdk j? sK e'Jh BthA u/Nk eoB dh fuZs ftZu
ekwBk j[d
z h j? fco T[j T[; tD B{z fsnkr e/ fe;/ j'o Bt/A pB ftZu
ike/ p?m iKdk j?. T[; irQk dh BthA ;hBoh (fdq), BtK tksktoD,
Bt/A ikBto, Bt/A gzSh, Bt/A uw/ -BdhnK nkfd B{z d/ydk ns/ BthA
soQK dh jh ;koh eqhVk eoB br iKdk j?. fJ;h soQK fJZe oho ftZu
nkfJnk j'fJnk nkswk, fiBQK tkBktK B{z fJ; oho ftZu g{ok BjhA
eodk, T[BKQ tkBktK w[skfpe eqhVk eoB bJh, d{i/ oho ftZu ubk
iKdk j? ns/ tkBktK w[skfpe y/bQ eodk j?. fJj jh nkswk d/
nkT[D ns/ ikD dk BfwZs j? :kBh nkgDh wkfJnk Bkb fwbe/ fJ;
soQK dh bhbQk eodk ofjzdk j?. GrtkB ;qh feq B, rhsk ftZu fJT[A
eEB eod/ jBid fJj nkswk gfjb/ oho ftZu'A fBebe/, d{i/ oho ftZu
iKdk j? sd wB ;fjs S/ fJzdqhnK B{z ;kE b?e/ fJT[A s[o iKdk j?
fiT[A jtk c[ZbK ftZu'A rzX B{z T[vk e/ b? iKdh j?. gzi frnkB
fJzdqhnK ns/ S/t/A wB B{z nk;ok pDk e/, tkBk nB[;ko ftfnK B{z
(rhL 15
G'rdk j?.
15.. 8
8))
fJe irQk, GrtkB B/ nsh eo[Dk gqrN eod/ j'J/ fJj Gh fejk
fe-gfjb/ oho B{z SZve/ iKd/ j'J/ B{z, oho ftZu ofjzd/ B{z, pd
nkfd ftfnK B{z G'rd/ j'J/ B{z, d[Zy, ;[Zy, joy s/ 'e nkfd :[es
j'J/ nkswk B{z (i' nsh gqrN ns/ doB r'uo j?) n;';! ft:
G'rK dh fJZSk Bkb w'fjs j'J/-j'J/ iht d/yd/ BjhA jB!
g q B -nkswk d/j ftZu nkT[Adk s/ iKdk feT[A j?<
32
;s T[gd/ gqeoD
T[Zso
so-nkswk d/ oho ftZu nkT[D-ikD dk ekoB e/tb tkBk
jh j?. fi; soQK oki/ dk tD ftZu ikDk, f;oc y/v eoB dh fJZSk jh
j?. oki/ dh feko nkfd eqhVk eoB dh fJZSk i/ Bk j't/ sK T[j
wfjbK B{z SZv e/ pkjo iKdk jh BjhA j?. fJ;/ soQK id fJ; nkswk dh
u/Nk eoB dh tkBk fpbe[b sw j' iKdh j? sd fJj Bk fe;/
oho ftZu nkT[Adk s/ Bk jh iKdk j?, nkgD/ gow-b'e ftZu jh
:kBh nkgD/ ;ò{g ftZu ;zebg -{B j' e/ fJ;fEs j' iKdk j?.
g q B -nkswk B{z fJ; d/j ftu b? e"D nkT[Adk j? s/ b? ikD
tkbk e"D j?<
TZ[ s oo-fJ; nkswk B{z b? nkT[D tkbk s/ b? ikD tkbk e'Jh
Gh BjhA j?. fJ; T[Zgo e'Jh Gh nfijh skes BjhA i' fJ; go fe;/
gqeko dk ezNo'b (k;B) eo ;e/ :kBh nkswk fpbe[b ;[szsq j?.
fJj nkswk nkgDh wkfJnk B{z nkfqs eoe/ nkT[Adk s/ ubk
iKdk j?. wkfJnk fJ;dh esh j?, fJ; bJh fJ; B{z e"D efj ;edk
j? fe s{z nk ns/ e"D ej/ fe j[D ubk ik! fJj nftdk ;z:[es
j'fJnk, nkgD/ ftu BkBk ;zebg d/ydk j?, T[BQK w[skfpe nkT[Adk
s/ ubk iKdk j?. fi; ;w/A fJ; B{z e'Jh ;zebg BjhA j't/rk sd fJj
(nkswk) Bk nkt/rk s/ Bk jh ikt/rk, fJj c?;bk fJ;dh ngDh
woh go j?. ebgBk nB[;ko nBzs gqeko dh ouBk, fJj nkg jh
eodk j? s/ ;G fttjkoK B{z ikBD tkbk Gh fJj nkg jh j?nkgDh wkfJnk Bkb ;`:z-gqek nkswk nkg jh ebgBk
eodk j? ns/ T[jh ;G G/dK B{z ikDdk j?, fJjh t/dKs dk fB;uk j?.
(wKL T[L t?L ekL 12
12))
T[; fJ; gqeko d/ nkswk dk frnkB, w"s o{gh szd{J/* s'A S[vk
d/D tkbk, ftB{z dk ;[doB uZeo jh j?. T[; nkswk dk frnkB
*
;w[zdo ftZu ofjD tkbk fJZe pbkbh iht fi;B/ rioki B{z pzfBQnK ;h.
nwo t;s{
33
iBw B{z T[vk d/D tkbk gob? ekb dk wjkB tk:{ j?s[oh: nkswk ;G gqeko d/ d[ZyK dh fBftosh bJh ;woZE j?.
T[j nd`?s o{g, d/t, ftekojhB, s[oh: ns/ ftnkge j?.
(wKL T[L nkL ekL 10
10))
fti'rh d/ fdb ftZu i' ;z: o{gh w ghg (ghe) Bkb Gfonk
j'fJnk, oks fdB Bk BhAd nkT[D fdzdk ;h ns/ Bk jh fe;/ t/b/
fNeD fdzdk ;h, T[j ;fsr[o{ d/ T[gd/ o{gh fJbki Bkb fpbe[b
;k j' frnk. Ksh o{gh fBzdqk nk e/ ftnke[bsk d{o j' rJh gqzs{
Bkb jh fJj rZb ;[De/ fenkswk ;G gqeko d/ d[ZyK dh fBftosh bJh ;woZE j? :kBh
nkswk dk ftfr:kB (ft/ frnkB) d[ZyK B{z d{o eoB dk ekoB
j?. fuZs nsh T[sktbk fJT[A j' frnk fiT[A XB dk nsh fsqBkb{
wB[, fe;/ gk; o;kfJD dk gsk br ikD Bkb, T[;dh ftXh
g[ZSD bJh p/u?B j' iKdk j?. oks w[edh jh BjhA, fuZs fJT[A ekjbk
g? fojk j? fiT[A nwb s'A fpBK N[ZN oj/ oho bJh ed ;t/ok nkt/ s/
m/e/ s'A ike/ nhw bt/. p/u?Bh dh Gh e'Jh jZd j?< fJT[A wkb{w
fdzdk j? fiT[A nkgD/ gq/wh B{z fwbD bJh d{ik gq/wh sVgdk j[zdk j?.
mhe j?, n?;h sVg sK j'Dh jh ukjhJ/ feT[Afe wjKg[oK s'A
nkgD/ gqhsw (nkswk) pko/ gsk br u[Zek j? fe T[j oho o{gh xoK
B{z fJZSk w[skfpe pdbdk ofjzdk j? ns/ nkg fe;/ Gh jkbs ftZu,
nkgD/ o{g s'A pdb ikD tkbk BjhA j?. wjKg[o T[;d/ ;[GkT[ nkfd
bSD dZ; oj/ jB sK fB;u/ jh fJj pks th f;ZX j? fe T[j wjKg[o
T[;d/ tke Gh jB. fco fti'rh B{z nkgD/ fgnko/ Bkb fwbD bJh
:[eshnK ;[D/ fpBK, u?B (fNekT[) fe; soQK nk ;edh j?<
w'j ns/ gq/w

wsbpgq;s b'e Gh nkgD/ ftBkh fwZsq B{z fwbD kso e'Jh
34
;s T[gd/ gqeoD
xN p/u?Bh tkb/ BjhA j[zd/, fJj mhe j? gqzs{ fro/ j'J/, ;z[B/ s/ o[Zy/
fdbK tkfbnK dh fJ; sVg B{z w'j Bkw d`kok eEB ehsk ik
;edk j? gq/w Bkw Bkb BjhA. i/ fJ; ftnke[bsk B{z Gh gq/w fejk
ikt/ sK gq/w dk Bkw pdBkw eoB kso , fe;/ gq/w d/ so{ dh pkDh
B{z gq/oDk ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j?. gq/w dh Broh ftZu wsbp B{z gqt/
j'D dh fJiks BjhA. w'j Bkb ftnke[b fdbK ftZu, wsbp s'A
fpBK fe;/ Bkb rb eoBh Gh jokw ;wMh ik u[Zeh j?. wsbp bJh
jh fe;/ nB[e{b n;EkB go yb' e/ fBZs doB eod/, T[; t b edw
T[mkT[Ad/, rZbK eod/, ;'jDhnK-;'jDhnK uhK fdzd/, ukT[ s/ bkv
eod/, o[ektNK d/ d[Zy ;fjzd/, ohnk (;kXB) bZGd/, J/eKs n;EkB
dh sbk eod/ s/ fpBK f wbkg d/ sVgd/ jB, fJj fe; bJh< e/tb
wsbp tk;s/. T[j Gh nZSh soQK fe;/ gZe/ fJokd/ Bkb BjhA, n?t/A
Ugok fijk jh gqzs{ g{oh brB Bkb BjhA. feT[Afe T[; n?;h nt;Ek
ftZu i/ T[; torh e'Jh j'o t;s{ fwb ikJ/ sK T[; gfjbh t;s{ bJh
ehsk ik fojk T[Zdw fJT[A fgZS/ jN iKdk j? fiT[A d' bkJhBK d/
eB? e B (i'V) dh irQk s'A o/b-rZvh fJZe bkJhB go d"V iKdh j?,
d{ih d/yd/-d/yd/ jh gsk BjhA feZXo b[e iKdh j? :kBh B o jh
BjhA nkT[Adh. i/ fe;/ t;s{ Bkb ;zpzX j' Gh iKdk j?, T[j T[sBk
fuo jh ofjzdk j? id se ngDh wB woh dk wsbp jZb j[zdk oj/
. fi; fdB wsbp g{ok j'D ftZu e[M ewh Bo nkT[D bZr gJh,
T[;h fdB w'j Gh fJT[A xND bZr iKdk j? fiT[A cb w[Ze ikD go
gzShnK dh fpqS T[Zs/ nke/ p?mD dh no[uh j'D bZr iKdh j?. fJj j?
sVg wsbp-gq;sK dh. w'j rq;s iht'! gq/w fJj' fijk BjhA j?!
BjhA j?!! gq/w nsh ;[Zuh, p/dk, ;z;ko ftZu ;G s'A ;[zdo s/ T[Zuh
t;s{ j?. fJj y{p;{osh BjhA d/ydk, XB BjhA, T[Zuh ks BjhA,
nB[e{bsk nkfd e'Jh fe;/ Gh soQK dk wsbp T[Zek jh BjhA sZedk.
nwo t;s{
35
fJj d/ydk j? sK e/tb fJZe nkgDk gqhsw. fi; B{z fe;/ gqeko dh
y`kfj jh BjhA f;tkJ/ nkgD/ gqhsw s'A, T[;d/ fuZs dh brB xN
fe; soQK ;edh j?< fJ; gqeko d/ gq/wh B{z fuZs ftZu ed/ ;[gB/ nzdo
Gh fJj fynkb BjhA nkT[Adk j[zdk fe w/ok gqhsw Gh w/o/ Bkb
fgnko eodk j? fe BjhA. d{ih so dk fynkb j[zdk j?, T[BQK
wsbpgq;s b'eK B{z, fiBQK B/ ;zpzX eoB d/ sob/ e/tb wsbp
f;ZXh bJh jh ehs/ j[zd/ jB feT[Afe wsbp g{ok sK jh j't/rk Bk, i/
d{i/ gk;/ dk o[ Gh ngD/ tb j't/. fi; wB ftZu e'Jh fJZSk j?, T[j
fB;u/ jh gq/w s'A ykbh j? gqzs{ rzdhnK fJZSktK Bkb Go/ wB tkb/ th
nkgD/ nkg B{z gq/wh jh ejkT[Ad/ jB.
eJh o;kb/ s/ g[;seK ftZu jo fJZe Bkb gq/w eoB dh pVh
y[bQh fJiks fdZsh ik ojh j?. toswkB d/ bVe/-bVehnK d/
nB[e{b j'D d/ ekoD, T[j b/y pV/ ukT[ Bkb gVQ/ iKd/ jB. fJ;
pko/ Gh fJj' ftuko j? fe jo fJe Bkb gq/w Gkt ;fjs toskT[
j'Dk sK wB[Zy ihtB dk eost: j? gqzs{ T[j gq/w e'Jh wsbp
rqjD Bk eo p?m/, fi; Bkb fe fBekw gq/w dh irQk fJZSk tkbk
rzdk w'j pD ikt/. fJ; froktN s'A pukT[D tk;s/ :'r T[gkfJ
fbyd/ jh BjhA :kBh [ZX gq/w ofj ;eD dk e'Jh ft/ ;kXB Gh
efjDk ukjhJ/ sK fe fJ;sqhnK ns/ wodK dk nkg; ftZu y[bQwy[bQk, jZ;Dk-y/vDk nkfd i' gq/w fttjko j?, T[jd/ Bkb ekw Bk
GVe/. fJ; bJh fJ; s'A puD ykso gfjbK d?th-;zgsh d h ;kXBk
d/ :[es j' ikDk ukjhJ/. T[j fJj j?-
d?th ;zgsh
1H
fBoG?sk-r'ftzd oD :kBh sB wB gqG{ d/ jtkb/ eoe/ d[Zy

s/ fwqs{ nkfd s'A fpbe[b fBoG? ofjDk noEks r'ftzd d/
;s T[gd/ gqeoD
36
j[ew ftZu okh ofjzd/ j'J/, fe;/ gqeko dk Gh G? Bk oZyDk ns/

d[Zy-;[y nkfd nt;Ek ftZu ;w ofjDk.
2H
frnkB s/ :'r ftZu fBozso fJ;fEsh-k;sq s/ r[o{ s'A nksw

gdkoEK B{z ikBDk frnkB j? ns/ T[BQK ikD/ j'J/ gdkoEK dk
ngD/ fJzdqhnK s/ wB B{z ekp{ eoe/, fJekrqsk d`kok nkswk
ftZu gqsZy nB[Gt eo b?Dk :'r j?. frnkB s/ :'r d'jK
ftZu fJ;fEs j' ikDk :kBh T[;h dk o{g j' ikDk, fJjh gqXkB
;kfsèh iK d?th ;zgdk ejhdh j?.
3H
w[esh bkG bJh for nkfd t/d, rhsk ns/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp
dk ftuko g{ope gVQBk.
4H
nzsjeoD dh nZSh soQK [ZXh 1 eoBh.
5H
gqG{ gqkgsh bJh fXnkB-:'r ftZu fBozso nub fJ;fEsh j'Dh.
6H
nkgDh esh w[skfpe dkB d/Dk.
7H
fJzdqhnK B{z ekp{ eoBk.
8H
gow/ò dh g{ik s/ [G eowK dk nkuoD eoBk.
9H
ksq ftXh d[nkok gow/ò dk Bkw igDk s/ T[;d/ r[D rkT[D/.
10H nkgD/ Xow B{z gkbD bJh eN ;fjDk.

11H oho, fJzdqhnK ;fjs nzsjeoD dh ;obsk s/ f;ZXkgB j'Dk.
12H nkgDk p[ok eoB tkb/ go Gh eq'X Bk eoBk.
13H eowK ftZu eoskgD d/ nfGwkB dk fsnkr j'Dk.
14H nzsjeoD ftZu T[gokwsk j'Dh :kBh fuZs ftZu uzubsk dk
nGkt j'Dk.
15H fe;/ dh Gh fBzfdnk Bk eoBk.
16H Ksh :kBh nzsjeoD dk ;zebg ofjs j'Dk.
17H d[yh gqkDhnK go d:k eoBk.
1.
fttjko ftZu d{i/ Bkb mZrh, egN ns/ M{m nkfd n"r[DK B{z SZv e/ [ZX GktBK
Bkb nkuoD eoBk.
nwo t;s{
37
18H fJzdqhnK dk ftfnK Bkb ;zpzX j'D s/ Gh fteko g?dk Bk j'Dk.

19H e'wbsk dk j'Dk noEks em'o ;[GkT[ dk Bk j'Dk.
20H bZiktzs j'Dk noEks p[o/ eowK s'A ow ykDh.
21H fpBK wsbp pkDh ([pkB), jZE, g?o nkfd dhnK ftnoE
u/NktK dk nGkt eoBk.
22H s/i-gqGkt :kBh ;ukJh dk gqGkth tB.
23H fywkhb j'Dk :kBh rkbh fdZsh ikD :k skVBk ehsh ikD s/
Gh wB ftZu fteko T[sgzB Bk j'Dk :kBh eqX
' Bk nkT[Dk.
24H Xhoi-emB s'A emB ezw ftZu Gh Bk xpokT[Dk.
25H pkjo-Ghso dh [ZXh noEks fwZNh, ib nkfd Bkb pkjo'A
oho dh [ZXh ns/ fJ;h gqeko egN s/ okr-d`? nkfd ekby
dk nGkt j' e/, wB p[ZXh dh fBowbsk ([ZXh) j'Dh.
26H d{i/ s/ xks (jwbk) eoB dh fJZSk dk nGkt j'Dk :kBh fe;/
gqsh Gh sq{ GktBk dk Bk j'Dk.
27H sg eoBkfszB soQK d/ sg jB ekfJe, tkue s/ wkBf;e.
i' puB fe;/ gqkDh d/ nzsjeoD ftZu d[Zy T[sgzB eoB tkb/
BjhA sEk ;s, fgq: s/ fjsekoe jB n?;h pkDh p'bDh
pkDh ;zpzXh sg j?. ;q/N r[DK tkb/, r[o{ s/ frnkBh g[oK
dk g{iB, gftsqsk, ;obsk, pqjwuo: s/ nfjz;k oho ;zpX
z h
sg j?. wB dk ekp{ eoBk, d{i/ Bkb fttjko ftZu Sb-egN
s'A ofjs j'Dk s/ d{i/ dk p[ok Bk sZeDk wB ;zpzXh sg j?.
28H nkgD/ ftZu g{i:sk d/ nfGwkB dk nGkt j'Dk.
GftZy ftZu fi;dh w[esh j'Dh fB;fus jh j?, T[;d/ fJj T[Zgo
ej/ d/tfsnK tkb/ bZSD j[zd/ jB. fJ;s'A ftgohs i' bZSD ft/nk;es ihtK d/ jB T[j dzG, njzeko, wkB, eq'X, em'ogDk s/
nfrnkB nkfd nk;[oh-;zgsh j? i' ;kyks Boe dk ;kXB wzBh
rJh j?.
38
;s T[gd/ gqeoD
d?th-;zgsh :[es ehsk j'fJnk fJ;sqhnK ns/ g[oK dk nkg;h

gq/w fttjko [ZX gq/w j? feT[Afe fJ; nt;Ek nzdo wfbB tkBk
fuZs ftZu BjhA j[zdh. fJ; s'A T[bN nk;[oh-;zgsh :[es fgnko
sK rzdk w'j j? i' wfbB tkBtK Bkb g{oB j?. ;', d?th r[DK d/
:[es j' e/, nkg; ftu gq/w fttjko eo'.
gotkBk (gszrk) pDB B{z fuZs sK ;G dk eodk j? go nZr e'b'A
vo brdk j? fe fes/ ib Bk ikJhJ/. ed/ gszr/ B{z Gh fJj ;[ZMh j? fe
w?A T[ZE/ ;VKrk :k puKrk< T[; B{z fJj frnkB jh BjhA feT[Afe wB,
p[ZXh tb ;sk s'A ofjs j?. nkgD/ gqhsw, dhge B{z d/fynk s/ fbgfNnk.
fi; B{z nZrk, fgZSk ;[ZMdk j?, T[j wQK (nZr) Bkb iZch fe; soQK gk
bt/rk< nkgDk-nkg rtk e/ jh GkJh! gqhsw fwbdk j?. i/ skes j?
sK fwb bt'. nkgD/ Bk dk G? wzBD tkb/ d/j nXk;hnK ns/
wsbp-gq;sK bJh gqhsw dk r/N pzd j?.
gqG{-gq/whnK dh sVg
gq/w jh fJZe nb"fee ;kXB j? i' Bkw ns/ o{g ofjs ftnkge
gqG{ dk doB eokT[Adk j?. gq/w B/ jh frnkB d`kok nBzd ;ò{g gqG{
Bkb nG/d eoBk j?. fJ; bJh, gq/w Bkb fB;u/ jh gqkgsh j[zdh j?
;ku ej'A ;[B b/j[ ;G? fiB gq/w ehU fsB jh gqG gk:'.
(pL BkL nH)
fi;d/ wB ftZu gqhsw d/ fwbD dh ftnke[bsk ns/ sVg jh

BjhA, T[j Gh ed/ gq/wh ejk ;edk j?< ok d/y' sK ;jh! ;Zu/
gq/whnK d/ nkgD/ gqhsw B{z fwbD kso, fe; soQK d/ sob/ jB ns/
fwbkT[D tkfbnK B{z fe; soQK dh G/Nk fdZsh ik ojh j?
jT[ fBoys fcoT[ ;fG d/; fd;zso
w? gqG d/yB e' pj[s[ wB uJhnk..
wB[ sB[ ekfN d/T[ r[o nkr?
nwo t;s{
39
fifB jfo gqG wkor[ gzE[ fdyJhnk..

e'Jh nkfD ;d/;k d/fJ gqG e/ok
fod nzsfo wfB sfB whm brJhnk..
w;se[ ekfN d/T[ uoDk sfb i' jfo gqG[ w/b/ w/fb fwbJhnk..
(nzr 836
836))
jfo do;B eT[ w/ok wB[ pj[ sgs? fiT[ fsqyktzs[ fpB[ Bho..
w/o? wfB gq/w[ br' jfo sho..
jwoh p/dB jfo gqG[ ikB? w/o/ wB nzso eh gho.. ojkT[..
w/o/ jfo gqhsw eh e'Jh pks ;[Bkt? ;' GkJh ;' w/ok pho..
fwb[ fwb[ ;yh r[D ej[ w/o/ gqG e/ b/ ;fsr[o eh wfs Xho..
iB BkBe eh jfo nk; g[iktj[ jfo do;fB ;Kfs ;oho..
(nz r 861-62
861-62))
s? ;kfjp eh pks fi nky? ej[ BkBe fenk dhi?..

;h;[ tY/ efo p?;D[ dhi? ftD[ f;o ;/t eohi?..
(nz r 558
558))
;[fD :ko jwko/ ;iD fJe eoT[ p/Bzshnk..

fs;[ w'jB bkb fgnko/ jT[ fcoT[ y'izshnk..
fs;[ df; fgnko/ f;o[ Xoh T[sko/ fJe G'oh do;B[ dhi?..
B?B jwko/ fgqn ozr ozrko/ fJe[ fsb[ Gh Bk Xhohi?..
gqG f;T[ wB[ bhBk fiT[ ib whBk ukfsqe fit? fs;zshnk..
(nzr 703
703))
e'Jh nkfD fwbkt? w/ok gqhsw[ fgnkok

jT[ fs;[ gfj nkg[ t/ukJh.. do;B[ jfo d/yD e? skJh..
feqgk eofj sk ;fsr[o[ w/bfj jfo jfo Bkw[ fXnkJh..
(nzr 757
757))
nktj[ ;iDk jT[ d/yk do;B[ s/ok okw..
40
;s T[gd/ gqeoD
xfo nkgBV? yVh sek w? wfB ukT[ xB/ok okw..
(nzr 764
764))
fpB[ Bkt? wfo ikJhn? w/o/ mke[o fiT[ nwbh nwfb b[GkBk..
fiB wfB gqhfs brh jfo e/oh fsB X[fo Gkr g[okBk..
(nzr 697
697))
gzE[ fBjko? ekwBh b'uB Goh b/ T[;k;k..

T[o B Ghi? gr[ Bk fy;? jfo do;B eh nk;k..
T[vj[ B ekrk eko/..
p/fr fwbhi? ng[B/ okw fgnko/..
(nzr 337-38
337-38))
ekbh e'fJb s{ fes r[B ekbh..

ngB/ gqhsw e/ jT[ fpoj? ikbh
..
ikbh..
fgofj fpj{B esfj ;[y[ gkJ/..
(nzr 794
794))
bkrh j'fJ ;[ ikB? gho.. okw Grfs nBhnkb/ sho..

(nzr 327
327))
gqhfs gq/w sB[ yfu ofjnk phu[ B okJh j's..

uoB ewb wB[ p/fXU p{MB[ ;[ofs ;zi'r..
(nzr 1363
1363))
jwo? wfB fufs jfo nk; fBs feT[ d/yk jfo do;[ s[wkok..
fifB gqhfs bkJh ;' ikDsk jwo? wfB fufs jfo pj[s[ fgnkok..
(nzr 167
167))
w? w/bj[ ;zs w/ok jfo gqG[ ;iD[

w? wfB sfB G[y brkJhnk ihT[..
jT[ ofj B ;eT[ fpB[ d/y/ w/o/ gqhsw
w? nzsfo fpoj[ jfo bkJhnk ihT[..
(nzr 174
174))
pj[s iBw fpS[o/ E/ wkXT[ fJj[ iBw[ s[w~ko/

ko/ b/y/..
efj oftdk; nk; bfr ihtT[ fuo GfJU do;B[ d/y/..
(nzr 694
694))
nwo t;s{
41
gqhsw d/ fwbD bJh fJj jkbs fti'rh dh j' ojh j?. nkswdoB bJh oks fdB fJT[A sVgdk j? fiT[A gshpqsk fJ;sqh, god/;
rJ/ gsh B{z fwbD bJh sVgdh s/ mzY/ mzY/ ;kj Godh j?. fus ftZu'A
;G ekwBktK d{o j' e/, fJZe nksw-doB dh fJZSk Bkb fuZs
Gog{o j' u[Zek j?, fiT[A sbkp pko Bkb bpk-bp Go iKdk j?.
gq/w nrBh Bk fnkdk pbdh jh j? :kBh nfijk BjhA i' GKpV wZu
e/ p[M ikt/ ns/ Bk jh X[y e/ p[M ikD tkbh j?, fJj sK r'fjnK dh
;[bQrdh nZr j? i' X[ydh jh ofjzdh j?. fJ; gq/w o{gh nZr d/ bZr/
fpBK, ;z;ko dhnK tkBktK o{gh i' e{Vk eoeN j?, ed/ ib jh BjhA
;edk. fJBQK B{z ;kV c{e e/ gqhsw-fwbkg dk okj ;k eoB tkbh
fJZe fJjh nB'yh nZr j?. w'j eZyK dh nZr j? i' fJZe dw GKpV
wuk e/ sw j' ikD tkbh j?, fJj wsbp-gq;sK d/ fdbK ftZu j[zdh
j? s/ gq/w-nrBh fBekw g[oK d/ fdbK ftZu.
S/sh fsnko j', jZE ftZu c[Zb b?e/ r[o{d/t d/ doBK B{z s[o
fgnk. ike/ nsh fBzwqsk ns/ gq/w ftZu fGZi/ j'J/ fdb tkb/ B/ nw'be
osB, i' frnkB j?, dh ehws ndk eoB kso oho d/ q'wDh nzr
:kBh w;se B{z r[o{d/t d/ gftsq uoB ewbK T[Zs/ fJT[A oZy fdZsk
fiT[A t;s{ yqhdD bJh d[ekBdko nZr/ g?;/ oZy d/Jhd/ jB. [G
nkhotkd gk e/, Ksh g{ope ;fsr[oK d/ ;Bw[y p?m frnk. XzB! gq/
w c[btkVh d/ fyV/ j'J/ cZ[b, nkgDh wfje fdZs/ fpBK ed o[ed/ jB<
fti' r hhr[o{d/t! T[; fdB nkg ih B/ fJj fejk ;h fe
nksw-frnkB ;G d[ZyK B{z d{o eo fdzdk j?, fJj ;[Dh j'Jh pks,
w?B{z fJT[A p/u?B eo ojh j? fiT[A ;`Ksh p{zd dh ukj, ukfsqe B{z. fJj
gsk sK w?B{z bZr u[Zfenk j? fe nkswk oho d/ nzdo jh j? gqzs{ w?A
T[; B{z gqsZy d/yDk ukj[zdk jK. fuZs ftZu pVk ukT[ j? fe S/sh
d/yK ns/ ;dk bJh ;[yh j' iktK. gqzs{ T[; fdB dk fejk j'fJnk
;s T[gd/ gqeoD
42
nkgih dk fJj puB fe-nksw-i'sh nZyK nkfd fe;/ fJzdqhnK

d`kok fdykJh BjhA fdzdh fuZs d/ T[skj B{z s'V fdzdk j?. gqzs{ id'A
nkgih dh ;woEk tb d/ydk jK sK fvrdk j'fJnk fuZs skes
cV iKdk j? ns/ p/Bsh eoB bJh fsnko j' iKdk j?. ;'udk j? fe
kfJd nZyK s'A fpBK, fe;/ j'o [rsh Bkb d/fynk iKdk j't/rk.
j/ fdt-fdqNh d/ dksk! w/oh fJ; ftnke[bsk B{z d{o eoB dh
feqgk eo'.
;fsr[o{ fgnko/ g[sq! s/o/ ;ko/ jh ;z: fJT[A fSzB-fGzB j'
ikDr/ fiT[A jtk d`kok T[vkJ/ j'J/ pZdb fdykJh jh BjhA fdzd/, fJZe
fBowb nek jh ofj iKdk j?. gqzs{ fJj sZs`-frnkB e/tb s/o/
i?;/ T[Zsw nfXekoh tk;s/ jh j?, wXw s/ efBN nfXekoh bJh
BjhA. T[BQK tk;s/ eow s/ T[gk;Bk jB i' nzsjeoD dh [ZXh d/
j/s{ jB, t;s{ gqkgsh bJh BjhA. nksw-gqkgsh sK frnkB Bkb
jh j[zdh j?. fJ; bJh gfjbK irs dk fusq d/y i' pqjw o{gh god/
T[Zs/, wB o{gh whB d`kok fJj fbw fe; soQK joes eodh j?. ;G
e[M j'D d/ pkti{d Gh :kBh T[; god/ go BkBk gqeko dhnK gqshshnK
j'D s/ Gh fiT[A p;sq ftekoh BjhA j[zdk fsT[A jh iBw nkfd nBzs
ftekoK d/ gqshs j[zd/ j'J/ Gh nkswk fBofteko ofjzdk j?.
43
fBofteko nksw
gqeoD
wz r bkuoD
j'fJ gqek ;ò{g i', Gk;/ fiT[A ngqek.
shB ekb j'fJ ;fs go, T[bNk fdy/ fpBk;.. 1 ..
nkBzd eo j? bpkbp, sdfg ftnke[b x'o.
mrh eos :j us[o e', pkihro :k u'o.. 2..
nuoi d/y/A y/b ;G, y/bB tkb/ Bkfj.
nfs gosZS go fdy? Bj, :jh j/s[ fs; wkfj.. 3 ..
fdq j' BkBk Gk;:', fdqNk gqG{ n;zr.
Bfj ;ze'u gqDkw go, ;dk nG/d ww ;zr.. 4 ..
44
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
nB`: t:sho/e :[esh d`kok ikfrqs nkfd

nt;EK n;fs s/ nkswk ;fs dh f;Xh
fttjkoe
fttjkoefttjko fBotkj d/ tk;s/ t;s{ d/ ;fjs Gk;Dk.
T[sgsh, fJ;fEsh s/ Bk nkfd fiBQK uhK d/ gqsZy fd;d/ jB
ns/ ;G t;s{nK fJzdqhnK d`kok rqfjD ehshnK iKdhnK jB. fJ;
soQK t;s{ ns/ T[;dh T[gbpXh (gqkgsh) fJBQK d'jK d/ ;fjs i' d`?s
j?, T[; nt;Ek B{z ikfrqs efjzd/ jB.
t;s{ e'Jh Gh Bk j't/ s/ gqkgs fijh j[zdh fdy/ :kBh fdykJh
gqsZy o{g jh d/t/. t;s{ d/ Bk j[zfdnK Gh i' d`?s o{g ftZu wkb{w
d/t/, T[; nt;Ek B{z ;[gB efjzd/ jB.
i' t;s{ ns/ T[;dh gqkgsh, fJBQK d'jK s'A ofjs j't/ noEks
fi; nt;Ek ftZu, Bk rqfjD eoB :'r e'Jh t;s{ j't/ s/ Bk rqfjD
jh ehsh iKdh j't/, T[; nt;Ek B{z ;[y[gsh (r{VQh fBzdqk) efjzd/
jB. fJBQK fszBK nt;EktK B{z k;sqK ftZu b"fee, [ZX b"fee s/
b'e'so Bkw d`kok Gh eEB ehsk frnk j?. i' e[M fi; eb ftZu
Gh d`?s j?, T[j ;koh fJBQK fszBK nt;EK ftZu ;wkgs j?, pZ;!
fJsBk jh ;z;ko j?. nkswk fJ; s'A tZyok u"Ek gd j?, fi; B{z
s[oh: gd iK nt;Ek Bkw Bkb th eEB ehsk iKdk j?.
s[oh:
h:-nkswk fi; ftZu fJj fszB/ nt;EK, nzX/ok ftZu gJh
oZ;h ftZu ;Zg d/ tKr{z Gk;D tkbhnK nfBZs jB. nkswk fJBQK
fsjK ftZu fJZe-o; g{oB j? gqzs{ fJj ftGukoh jB noEks ;dk
nkswk ftZu ofjD tkbhnK BjhA jB ns/ fJBQK dk nkg; ftZu
Gh fto'X j?. fJZe ;w/A fJZe jh ofjzdh j?, fJeZmhnK BjhA ofjzdhnK
ns/ Bk jh nkswk Bkb ;zpzX oZydhnK jB feT[Afe id ikfrqs
nt;Ek j[zdh j?, T[; tes ;[gB s/ ;[y[gsh dk nGkt j[zdk j? gqzs{
nwo t;s{
45
nkswk d/ nk;o/ ikfrqs Gk;dh j?. fJ; bJh nkswk ;s

fpokiwkB j?, ikfrqs dk ;kyh ns/ fdqNk j? :kBh ikfrqs nt;Ek
d/ ;G fttjkoK B{z ikDdk j?. id'A ;[gB nt;Ek j[zdh j?, T[; t/b/
ikfrqs s/ ;[y[gsh BjhA nNe ;edhnK-;[gB nt;Ek jh ekfJw
ofjzdh j? s/ ;kyh, fdqNk :kBh nkswk ;[gB d/ ;G fttjkoK B{z
d/ydk j'fJnk w"i{d ofjzdk j?. ;[y[gsh nt;Ek t/b/, ;[gB s/ ikfrqs
d'B'A jh r[zw j' iKdhnK jB ns/ ;`:z-gqek nkswk T[; t/b/ Gh
;kyh ns/ fdqNk o{g ftZu fpokiwkB ofjzdk j?fdq Nk dh fdq Nh dk ed/ Gh b' g BjhA j[ z d k.
(fpjqL T[L 4. 3
.)
3.. 23
23.)
ikfrqs ftZu ;[gB ns/ ;[y[gsh BjhA, ;[gB ftu ikfrqs

ns/ ;[y[gsh BjhA ns/ ;[y[gsh ftu ikfrqs ns/ ;[gB BjhA jB.
i/ fJj nt;Ek ;fs j[zdhnK sK ;dk jh ekfJw ofjzdhnK, fiT[A
nkswk ;fs j'D d/ ekoB jh fszBK nt;EK ftZu w"i{d ofjzdk j?.
i/ fJj Gh n;s j[zdk sK fJBQK tKr{z jh ed/ j[zdk s/ ed/ Bk j[zdk. i'
t;s{ ed/ j't/ s/ ed/ Bk j't/, T[j fB;u/ jh M{mh j[zdh j? s/ ;dk
fJZe-o; ofjD tkbh t;s{ ;Zuh j[zdh j?. fJ; ;fs nkswk ftu
Gow o{gh nfrnkB d/ ekoB, fJj fszB/ nt;EK :kBh ;z;ko dh
T[sgsh ns/ Bk fJT[A Gk;dk j? fiT[A ;w[zdo ftZu nBzs S'N/ tZv/
sozr T[sgzB s/ Bk j[zd/ fdykJh fdzd/ jB. fiT[A nek ftZu
BhbkgB n?t/A Gow d/ ekoB gqshs fdzdk j?. fiT[A Gow d/ ekoB
f;gh ftu uKdh Gk;dh j?. fiT[A fwqr fsqBk dk ib d/yD wksq jh
j?, tk;st ftZu BjhA. fiT[A ;[gB/ ftZu nDj'J/ gdkoE fdykJh
d/D br iKd/ jB, fsT[A jh fJj Gow d/ ekoB irs Gk;dk j?.
ikfrqs s/ ;[gB dh ;wkBsk

fiT[ ;[gBk no[ g/yBk n?;/ ir eT[ ikfB..
(nzr 1427
1427))
46
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
;w ;[gB? e? fJj[ ir[ ikB[.. fpB;? fSB w? ;kuh wkB[..

(nzr 1187
1187))
fJj[ ir[ X{J/ ek gjko.. s? ;kuk wkfBnk fej fpukfo..

(nz r 1186-87
1186-87))
BkBe ejs irs ;G fwfEnk fiT[ ;[gBk o?BkJh..

(nzr 1231
1231))
ir ouBk ;G M{m j? ikfB b/j[ o/ whs..

efj BkBe fEo[ Bk oj? fiT[ pkb{ eh Ghs..
(nzr 1429
1429))
o/ Bo fJj ;kuh ihn Xkfo..

;rb irs[ j? i?;/ ;[gBk fpB;s brs B pko..
(nzr 633
633))
fJ; ftZu ;zd/j BjhA fe ikfrqs, ;[gB Bkb'A fezus Gh fpbZSD

BjhA-;[gB jh j? feT[Afe ;[gB Gh ;[gB ekb ftZu ;[gB nt;Ek
BjhA j[zdh fezs{ T[BQK ohoK tk;s/ i' ;[gB ftZu fttjko eod/ jB
ikfrqs jh j'fJnk eodh j?. ;[gB ftZu T[j oho fwbd/-ftS[Vd/,
yKd/-ghAd/, nkT[Ad/ s/ iKd/ nkfd fisBk Gh fttjko eod/ jB T[j
ikfrqs i?;k jh j[zdk j?. ;[gB pd, T[; nt;Ek d/ b'g j'D go jh
nkT[Adk j?, T[; nt;Ek d/ toswkB ftZu BjhA. p/e ;[gB d/
gdkoE nzdo jB ns/ fisBk d/-ekb gdkoEK bJh ukjhJ/ T[sBk
T[ZE/ j? BjhA :kBh n;EkB dh xkN j'D d/ ekoB, ;[gB fdqN
gdkoEK dk ikfrqs fdqN gdkoEK Bkb'A G/d j? fezs{ fdqNkgDk
ns/ fwEkgDk d'jK ftZu fJZe' fijk jh j?-e[M Gh G/d BjhA.
;[gB gdkoEK d/ fwEkgD/ ftZu, gqwkD
[qsh ftZu Gh ;[gB fdqN gdkoE nkfd dk nGkt :[esh
g{ope ;[fDnk frnk j?. fJ; bJh f;ZX j'J/ fwEkgB/ B{z jh ;[gB
ftZu pqjwt/sk ;gN nkyd/ jB.
(wKL T[L t?L ekL 3)
fJ;h ekoB ikfrqs nt;Ek ftZu Gh gdkoEK dk fwEkgBk j?
nwo t;s{
47
feT[Afe fi; gqeko T[j ;[gB nt;Ek ftZu fwEk j[zd/ jB, T[;h
gqeko ikfrqs ftZu Gh fwE:k jh j[zd/ jB. e/tb oho d/ nzdo
fJ;fEs j'D ns/ n;EkB d/ ;ze[fus j'D eoe/ jh ;[gB ns/ fdqN
gdkoEK dk G/d j?.
(wKL T[L t?L ekL 4)
fJ; soQK gqf;ZX j/s{ s/ jh gdkoEK ftZu ;wkBsk j'D eoe/,

ftt/eh g[oK B/ ;[gB s/ ikfrqs nt;EK B{z fJe' jh nkfynk j?.
(wKL T[L t?L ekL 5)
fi; gqeko ;[gB ns/ wkfJnk d/y/ rJ/ jB sEk rzXot Bro*
ikfDnk frnk j?, T[;h gqeko sZs`-t/sk g[oK B/ t/dKsK ftZu fJ;
irs (ikfrqs nt;Ek) B{z d/fynk j?.
(wKL T[L t?L ekL 31

31))
ikfrqs gdkoEK dh d' ofjs e/tb nBkfd (nkfd ofjs)

nftdk T[gkdkB** ekoB j? ns/ ;[gB gdkoEK dh ;kfd (nkfd
;fjs) fBzdqk-d' ;fjs nftdk, T[gkdkB ekoB j?. ksq ftZu
d' ofjs nftdkiBe gqshsh B{z fttjkoe ns/ fBzdqk d' ;fjs
nftdkiBe gqshsh B{z ;[gB eEB ehsk j?. gqzs{ fszB gqeko dh
;Zsk wzB e/ ;E{b fdqNh Bkb fJT[A nkfynk j?. ftuko fdqNh Bkb
sK fszB gqeko dh-gowkofEe, fttjkoe ns/ gqfsGk;e ;Zsk pD
jh BjhA ;edh. ;ko/ jh nBksw gdkoEK dh gqfsGk;e ;Zsk j? ns/
u/sB dh gowkofEe ;Zsk j?. fJ; bJh ikfrqs ns/ ;[gB d'B'A jh
nt;EK nBkswk j'D d/ ekoB ok wksq Gh fpbZSDsk BjhA
oydhnK :kBh d'jK dk G/d f;ZX BjhA j' ;edk.
;[gB-gdkoE d/, ekb, ;kwrqh s'A fpBK jh T[sgzB j[zd/ jB.
oE, x'V/, wkor sEk oE ftZu p?mD tkb/, fJ;h gqeko BdhnK,
* nkek fty/ rzXotK (noX d/tK) dk ekbgfBe Bro.
** T[gkdkB-T[j ;kwZroh (gdkoE) iK sZs fi;s'A e'Jh t;s{ pD/. fit/A fwZNh s'A
pfDnk xVk sK xV/ dk T[gkdkB ekoD fwZNh j?.
48
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
;w[zdo ns/ gops nkfd i' e[M Gh fsqg[Nh* j?, ezm dh BkVh ftZu
T[sgzB j[zdh j?. d/, ekb s'A fpBK jh :kBh fisBk d/ ekb-fe;/
t;s{ bJh irQk d/ pDB ftZu i' tes ukjhdk j?, T[j ezm dh ;{yw
BkVh ftZu BjhA pD ;edk :kBh ;w[zdo s/ gops, nsh ;{yw
BkVh ftZu fe; soQK fJ;fEs j' ;ed/ jB ns/ nwohek, fJzrb?Av
nkfd d/K ftZu gj[zuD bJh fizBK ;wK brdk j?, T[; s'A T[bN
fJZe fSzB ftZu T[BQK d/K ftZu gj[zfunk j'fJnk fJj g[o, nkgD/
-nkg B{z d/ydk j?. d/, ekb nkfd ;kwrqh s'A fpBK jh ;[gB d/
gdkoE T[sgzB iK Bk j[zd/ fij/ Gk;d/ jB, fJ; bJh n;s jB.
fJ;h gqeko ikfrqs gdkoE Gh-nkek nkfd gqgzu, pqjw s'A
T[sgzB j'fJnk fejk iKdk j?. T[; pqjw ftZu d/-ekb nkfd b/
wksq Gh BjhA. ;[gB nzdo Gh t;s{ d/ :'r d/-ekb nkfd BjhA jB
gqzs{ nsh ;{yw BkVh-d/ ns/ fJZe, d' :k uko fwzN nkfd ekb
j[zdk jh j? s/ pqjw ftZu fJj Gh BjhA :kBh fJsBh Gh r[zikfJ BjhA
j? fco T[; ftZu fJsB/ tZv/ ft;Eko tkbk nkek nkfd gqgzu fe;
soQK T[sgzB j' ;edk j?< fJ; bJh fJj ;[s/-f;ZX pks ekfJw j'
iKdh j? fe fJj ikfrqs irs, d/-ekb ;kwrqh s'A fpBK jh T[sgzB
j[zdk fijk Gk;dk j?, fJ; bJh ;[gB gzgqu dh soQK n;s j?.
fi; gqeko ;kwQD/ fdykJh d/D tkb/ gdkoE T[sgzB j[zd/ fij/
Gk;d/ jB, T[;h gqeko d/ ns/ ekb Gh Gk; oj/ jB. d/, ekb ns/
;ko/ jh gdkoE nftdk d/ gfoDkw** ns/ u/sB d/ fttos***
jB noEks fi; tes Gh e'Jh gdkoE gqshs fdzdk j?, T[;h tes
* fsqg[Nh-dqNk, fdqNh, fdq ns/ frnksk, frnkB, r/: nkfd.
** gfoDkw-Bshik, cb i' tkfg; ngD/ w{b ;o{g ftZu gqhtosB Bk j' ;e/ fit/A d[ZX
s'A pfDnk djhA w[Ve/ d[ZX BjhA pD ;edk ;' djhA d[ZX dk gfoDkw j?.
*** fttos-id'A e'Jh gdkoE d{ik o{g b?e/ w{b s'A tZyok gqshs d/t/ gzqs{ w[Ve/ w{b ;ò{g
XkoD eo b?Adk j't/ fit/A gkDh s'A pDh poc w[Ve/ gkDh pD iKdh j? ;' poc gkDh
dk fttos j?.
nwo t;s{
49
d' gqeko nftdk dk gfoDkw j' iKdk j?. nftdk d/ sw' r[D nz
dk xN nkfd ft/ o{gh gfoDkw ns/ T[;h nftdk d/ ;s' r[D nz
dk frnkB o{gh gfoDkw j[zdk j?. gdkoE dh gqshsh ;w/A, gqshsh dk
ft/-gdkoE ;s fijk Gk;dk j? gqzs{ T[; gqshsh d/ tes s'A d{i/
tes ftZu, T[j gdkoE j[zdk jh BjhA j?. gqshsh ekb s'A fGzB ekb
ftZu, nBkswk dh ;Zsk j? jh BjhA. nzsjeoD, fJzdqhnK, xN nkfd
fsqg[Nh ns/ frnkB dh fJZe' ;w/A jh-fJeZmh T[sgsh j[zdh j? sEk
Bk Gh. fiT[A ;[gB ftZu id t;s{ Gk;dh j?, T[;/ t/b/ jh nzsjeoD,
fJzdqhnK ns/ T[j t;s{ fJBQK fszBK dh fJeZmh jh T[sgsh j[zdh j?
ns/ ngqshsh ekb ftZu fJeZm/ jh ftBk j' iKd/ jB. fJ;h gqeko
ikfrqs ftZu, t;s{ d/ frnkB s'A g{op, Bk nzsjeoD, Bk fJzdqhnK
sEk Bk jh e'Jh gdkoE j?. nkswk s'A fGzB i' e[M Gh j?-ikfrqs,
;[gB s/ ;[y[gsh e'Jh Gh nt;Ek j't/, T[j n;s j?.
fJ; fttjkoe nt;Ek B{z ikfrqs fejk iKdk j? ns/ fBzdqk d'
d/ ekoB, gqshs j'Jh f;qNh B{z ;[gB. i/eo ;[gB ekb ftZu T[j
fttjkoe j[zdh th id ikfrqs BjhA ojh, ;[gB j' rJh j? sK fJj
ikfrqs Gh ;[gB feT[A BjhA j't/rh< feT[Afe T[; (;[gB tkbh) ikfrqs
ftZu fJj ikfrqs, ;[gB j? :kBh fes/ Bo jh BjhA nkT[Adh. fi;
nt;Ek ftZu Gh e'Jh fttjko j[zdk j't/, T[j fttjkoe j'D d/
ekoB jh ikfrqs j?. T[; (;[gB) nt;Ek ftZu Gh joy s/ 'e j[zd/
jB ns/ fJ; ftZu th wkB-ngwkB, izwDk-woBk, szdo[;shfpwkoh, T[;ssh-fBzdk, ;zgZsh-fpgZsh ns/ G[Zy-fgnk; nkfd
fisB/ Gh d`zdksfwe ohoe Xow jB, ;ko/ jh fJ; ftZu Gh j[zd/ jB
s/ T[; nt;Ek ftZu Gh sK fco d'jK ftZu e[M G/d BjhA j?. G/d BjhA
j? :kBh fJZe o{g jB fco T[j ;[gB ns/ fJj ikfrqs e/tb efjD
bJh pd-wksq jh jB-fi; B{z ;[gB efjzd/ jB, T[; ftZu Gh fuZs
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
50
nzdo ebgBk ehsk j'fJnk gdkoE n;s ns/ fuZs s'A pkjo
fJzdqhnK d`kok rqfjD ehsk j'fJnk ;s ikgdk j?, fezzs{ fJBQK d'jK
dk jh fwEkgBk d/fynk frnk j?.
(wKL T[L t?L ekL 9)
ikfrqs ftZu Gh d'B'A gqeko d/ gdkoE M{m/ jB

fJ;h gqeko ikfrqs nt;Ek ftZu Gh fuZs nzdo ebgBk ehsk
j'fJnk gdkoE n;s sEk fuZs d/ pkjo rqfjD ehsk j'fJnk
gdkoE ;s ;wfMnk iKdk j? gqzs{ fJBQK d'jK dk jh fwEkgBk
wzBDk T[fus j?.
(wKL T[L t?L ekL 10

10))
fJ; w'jDh wkfJnk B/ BN dh soQK pkh gkT[Ad/ j'J/ ihtK dh

Bo nfijh pzBQh j'Jh j? i' wB dh ebgBk B{z fwEk wzB oj/ jB
ns/ gqsZy fdykJh d/D tkb/ gdkoEK B{z ;ZukwkfJnk w'fj BfN pkih gkJh.. wBw[y nzX oj/ bgNkJh..
(nzr 230
230))
wkfJnk w'fj ;'fJ oj/ nGkr/.. r[o gq;kfd e' ftobk ikr/..
(nzr 375-76
375-76))
n?;h ;[zdfo wB eT[ w'j?.. pkfN xkfN frqfj pfB pfB i'j?..
wfB sfB bkr? j'fJ e? whmh..
(nzr 392
392))
wB[ wkfJnk w? ofw ofjU fBe;s BkfjB whs..

BkBe w{ofs fusq fiT[ Skfvs BkfjB Ghfs..
(nzr 1428
1428))
wkfJnk w'j[ r[pko[ j? d{i? GowkJh..

wBw[y mT[o B gkfJBh fcfo nkt? ikJh..
(nzr 786
786))
J/j wkfJnk w'jDh fifB J/s[ Gofw G[bkfJnk..

wkfJnk s w'jDh fsB? ehsh fifB mrT[bh gkJhnk..
(nzr 918
918))
fJj wkfJnk ;`:z M{mh j? ns/ nkgD/ ftZu M{m B{z fdyk ojh j?
nwo t;s{
51
gqzs{ skoh fJ; rZb dh j? fe y/bQ eod/ tes nkg ;Zuh pDdh j? s/
y/bQ B{z fwEk pDk ojh j?. fi; soQK f;B/wk xo ftu fbw d/y oj/
g[o, god/ T[Zgo eh d/yd/ jB fe e'Jh nkgD/ gfotko d/ ;fjs
fsnko j'e/ ns/ w'No eko ftZu p?m e/ f;B/wk xo ik fojk j?. gj[zu
e/ T[Zso/, fNeN fbnk ns/ nzdo ik e/ nkgDhnK ;hNK go p?m rJ/.
jkb d/ Go ikD se ohekov nkfd tZid/ oj/. fbw [o{ j' rJh
ns/ pV/ nBzd g{ope fszB xzN/ y/bQ d/yD s'A pknd w'No ftZu p?m
tkg; nkgD/ xo nk rJ/.
fJj fJ; gqeko dk y/bQ, y/bQ d/ nzdo fJZe d{ik j'o y/bQ j?. T[BQK
nwho nkfd wB[K dh T[j ;Zu-w[Zu dh ikfrqs nt;Ek gqshs
fdZsh j?, fi; ftZu fe fbw d/yh j? ns/ fbw e/tb y/bQ-wksq jh
j?. gqzs{ fJ; ikfrqs d/ f;B/wk ftZu p?m/ fbw d/y oj/ wB[K dh
fdqNh ftZu fbw ftZu jh d{ih fbw fdykJh rJh j?, ;fs d'B'A jh
BjhA jB e/tb n?eNoK d`kok ehsk j'fJnk y/bQ wksq jh j?. fdB ns/
oks Gh fbw nzdo fdykJh fdZs/, T[BQK nwho nkfdeK d/ n;s jh
jB :kBh oks Bkb'A fdB dh e'Jh ft/sk BjhA j?. fJ;h gqeko fJ;
ikfrqs d/ iht, nwho nkfd wB[ jB. ;[gB nt;Ek f;B/wk xo j?
ns/ T[; ftZu Bo nk ojh f;qNh fbw ub ojh j?. fijVk ikfrqs
dh f;qNh ns/ ;[gB dh f;qNh s'A tZyok d/yD tkbk fdqNk g[o j?,
T[;dh fdq Nh ftZu d'B'A jh nt;EK fwEk jB
(ikfrqs d/) d/j nkfd ;ko/ jh ;zxks (;w{j), ;[gB ;wkB nkswk
dh wkfJnk B/ jh ou/ j'J/ jB. i/ ;og nkfd i'BhnK d/ ohoK Bkb'A,
d/tsk nkfdeK d/ oho T[Zsw jB iK ;G dh ;wkBsk jh j?, sK Gh
T[BQK d/ ;Zs:gB/ ftZu e'Jh ekoB BjhA fejk ik ;edk :kBh
nftdk feqs jh jB, gqwkoE d/ BjhA.
(wKL T[L nL ekL 10

10))
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
52
ikfrqs ns/ ;[gB nksw-d/t dh wkfJnk d/ jh wB o{g j' e/

fpbk; jBfJ; ftZu ;zd/j BjhA j? fe ;[gB nt;Ek ftZu ;s, wB jh
d`?s o{g ftZu Gk;D tkbk j?, fJ;h gqeko ikfrqs ekb ftZu Gh
fBo;zd/j ;s, wB jh d`?s o{g ftZu Gk;dk j?.
(wKL T[L nL ekL 30

30))
fJ; pks dh g[Nh bJh nB`: tsho/e nB[wkB gqwkDfJj i' e[M uokuo d`?s j?, ;G wB dk fdq j? feT[Afe wB d/
;zebg {B j' ikD go d`?s dh gqkgsh BjhA j[zdh.
(wKL T[L nL ekL 31
31))
fJj gqfsrk (fB:w) j? fe wB d`kok fdykJh d/D tkbk fisBk

d`?s j?, T[j wB jh j? feT[Afe id'A wB j[zdk j?, T[d'A irs Gh o{o
j[zdk j? ns/ fi; ;w/A wB BjhA j[zdk T[d'A irs dk Gh nGkt j[zdk j?.
;[y[gsh nt;Ek ftZu wB nkgD/ w{b ekoB nftdk ftZu bhB
j' iKdk j?, fJ; bJh ;z;ko Gh BjhA Gk;dk. ;wkXh nt;Ek ftZu
wB nkgD/ n;b ekoD nkswk ftZu bhB j' iKdk j? sK jh ;z;ko
fdykJh BjhA fdzdk. fJT[A jh w{oSk nt;Ek ftZu Gh ;z;ko dk
nGkt ofjzdk j?. ikfrqs ns/ ;[gB nt;Ek ftZu ;z;ko dk Gkt jh,
wB d/ j'D/gD/ B{z f;ZX eodk j?. fJ; ekoB, wB jh ;z;ko o{g j?,
id wB BjhA j[zdk sK ;z;ko j[zdk feZE/ j?<
nfrnkBh b'e efjzd/ jB fe fJZe ;[gB ftZu d/y/ gdkoEK B{z
g[o d{i/ ;[gB ftZu BjhA d/ydk, fJ; bJh T[j nt;Ek n;s j?
ns/ ikfrqs d/ gdkoE d{ih ikfrqs ftZu T[;h gqeko-gfjbK tKr{z
jh fdykJh fdzd/ jB, fJ; bJh fJj nt;Ek ;s j?. fe;/ t;s{ dk
pkozpko fdyDk nEtk fJZe pko jh fdykJh d/ e/ nGkt j' ikDk
fJj fJ; gqeko dh nfB;fus gqshsh fe;/ nt;Ek d/ ;sgD/ dk
j/s{ BjhA j?. id d'B'A wB o{g jh jB fco ebgBk dh ewh-p/h
nwo t;s{
53
fe;h nt;Ek B{z ;s ns/ fwEk fe; gqeko eo ;edh j?<

;[gB nt;Ek ftZu e'Jh n?;/ gdkoE pkozpko gqshs j[zd/ jB
fiT[A pj[s ekb s'A fJ;fEs jB s/ eJh n?;/ Gh i' fSzB wksq fdykJh
d/ e/ fco ed/ BjhA fdyd/. fJ;h gqeko ikfrqs nt;Ek ftZu Gh
nDj'J/ jh ;w[zdo, gops nkfd gdkoE fi; nftdk B/ gqshs
eokJ/ jB eh T[; ftZu fJj esh BjhA fe fe;/ gdkoE B{z eq'VK
po;K T[;h soQK ;fEo gqshs eokT[Adh oj/ ns/ fe;/ B{z fSzB wksq
fdyk e/ w[V ed/ fdykt/ jh Bk< fe;h gdkoE B{z ;s, fe;/ B{z
n;s ns/ ekoi, ekoD dh gqshsh eokT[Dk fJj ;G nftdk
dh wfjwk j? i' nfrnkBh ihtK B{z w'j ftZu roe eo ojh j?.
fJj gdkoE ;s j? ns/ fJj n;s j? fJj fJ; gqeko dh
GqKsh j[zdh j?. pkozpko fdykJh d/D d/ ekoB jh, T[; ftZu ;s p[ZXh
j[zdh j? ns/ nbg (E'V/) ekb fdykJh fdZs/ gdkoE ftZu n;s
p[ZXh j[zdh j?, gqzs{ wkfJnk d/ fJ; ufosq dh, wkfJnk-gsh, gqG{ ;ò{g
i' r[o{ jB, T[BQK dh feqgk fpBK ed ;wM nkT[Adh j? fe i' fdq jh
j?, T[j Gkt/A eq'VK pko fdydk oj/, fesBk T[Zuk ns/ ;[Zuk j't/, T[j
Gh ed/ ;s j' ;edk j?< fdq j'D d/ ekoB jh T[j n;s j?. fJj
i' nub fB:w j?, ed'A nkgDh fJ;fEsh s'A fjbdk j?<
nftdk d`kok gqshs d/ ojh ebfgs t;s{, Bk nkgD/ nkg
ftu e[M j[zdh j? s/ Bk nkswk eoe/ jh noEks Bk fJj nkg; ftZu
:kBh fJZe s'A d{ih t;s{ T[sgzB j[zdh j? ns/ Bk nkswk s'A jh. Bk
fJj ebfgs t;s{nK fJZe d{i/ s'A i[dhnK ns/ Bk nkswk s'A jh
fGzB jB. nkgD/ nkg ftu jh fJj e[M BjhA jB ns/ nkswk ftZu
Gh BjhA jB. fJj sK fwqr fsqBk dk ib j?, fJj nkek ftZu
Bhbsk (BhbkgD) j? i' e/tb Gk;dk j?, tk;st ftu j? BjhA.
n;b ftu Bk jh e'Jh t;s{ T[sgzB j[zdh j? s/ Bk jh ftBk.
54
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
ekoD ekoi dh nf;ZXh

z ek
ek-fJj rZb sK ejh BjhA ik ;edh fe e[M Gh T[sgzB BjhA
j[zdk. ;koh f;qNh jh ekoB-ekoi o{g eoe/ gqf;ZX j?. fgsk s'A g[sq,
fwZNh s'A xVk ns/ ;{s s'A egVk nkfd ;G T[sgzB j[zd/ ns/ pDd/
gqsZy fdykJh d/ oj/ jB.
;wkXkB
;wkXkB-nkg d/ dZ;/ gqwkDK nB[;ko Gh ekoi-ekoB dk j'Dk
fe;/ soQK ;zGt BjhA j?
Bk sK n;s gdkoE jh n;s ekoB tkbk j? ns/ Bk ;s
gdkoE jh n;s ekoB tkbk j?. fJ;h gqeko ;s gdkoE Gh
;s ekoB tkbk BjhA j?, fco n;s gdkoE jh ;Zs ekoB
tkbk fe; soQK j' ;edk j?<
(wKL T[L nL ekL 40

40))
fgsk s'A g[sq T[sgzB j[zdk j?, fJj GqKsh j?. T[sgzB j[zdk BjhA
j?, T[sgzB j[zdk fijk wkb{w j[zdk j?. i/ ;uw[u g?dk j[zdk jh j't/ sK
eh fJj gsk Bk br/ fe g[sq fejVk j? s/ fgsk fejVk< g[sq dh
T[sgsh s'A gfjbK T[j g[o fe; dk fgsk ;h< g[sq s'A fpBK, fgsk
e"D ejk ;edk j?< g[sq g?dk j'fJnk sK T[j fgsk pD frnk. fJ;
ftZu fJj pks ;gN Gk;dh j? fe g[sq ekoD j? ns/ fgsk ekoi.
fco ekoi B{z fgsk ns/ ekoD B{z g[sq efjDk fJj ftgohs rZb j?.
fco nfij/ fto'Xh pd feT[A tos/ iKd/ jB< ekoi sK g[sq j[zdk
j? ns/ ekoD fgsk. i/ g[sq ekoi j? sK T[j ekoD feT[A f;ZX j[zdk
j? s/ fgsk ekoi feT[A< ekoD, ekoD jh j[zdk j? s/ ekoi, ekoi
jh, fJ; b'e gqf;ZX pks s'A T[bN feT[A Gk;dk j?< ekoD gfjbK
j[zdk j? s/ ekoi fgS'A, fJj fB:w Gh nub jh j? gqzs{ fJBQK-fgsk
ns/ g[sq d'jK ftZu'A gfjbK fe; B{z wzfBnk ikt/ s/ fgS'A fe; B{z<
i' gfjbK f;ZX j' ikt/, T[j ekoD j? i' fgS'A f;ZX j't/, T[j ekoi.
nwo t;s{
55
fJ; ftZu e'Jh o" k BjhA j? gqzs{ wzfBnK fe; B{z ikt/, e'Jh fBoD:
Gh j't/< fJ; bJh id fJj gsk jh BjhA brdk fe gfjbK e"D j?
sK fJj ekoB ns/ ekoi dk i' eEB j?, T[j ftnoE ebgBkwksq jh j?, e'Jh Gh Bk fe;/ dk ekoi j? s/ Bk jh ekoB :kBh e'Jh
Gh t;s{ T[sgzB BjhA j[zdhekoB ns/ ekoi d/ gfjbK iK fgZS'A j'D dk i' nfrnkB j?, T[j
nB-T[sgZsh s/ T[sgZsh ofjs dk jh gqeke j? feT[Afe i/ ekoi
;Zu-w[Zu jh T[sgzB j'fJnk j[zdk sK T[;dk ekoB feT[A Bk rqfjD
ehsk iKdk<
(wKL T[L nL ekL 21

21))
z e k i/ fJj pks wzBh ikJ/ fe fi; oho ftZu fgsk pd

nkfJnk j?, T[j oho sK g[sq dh T[sgsh s'A gfjbK j? jh, fJ; bJh
T[; B{z ekoB efj d/Dk ukjhJ/<
;wkXkB
;wkXkBmhe j?, gqzs{ fJ; ftZu rZb fJj j? fe T[j oho
;s j? :k n;s nEtk ;s Gh j? s/ n;s Gh< i/ T[j ;s j?
sK ;s j'D d/ ekoB jh T[sgzB BjhA j' ;edk. feT[Afe id T[j
;s j? fco T[; fBofteko dh T[sgsh dk eh wsbp< ;s t;s{
sK ftdwkB jh j[zdh j?. i/ n;s j? sK n;s dh T[sgsh j' jh
BjhA ;edh. or' d/ f;zrK dh n;s j'D d/ ekoB jh T[sgsh
BjhA wzBh iKdh. i/ ;s s/ n;s d'B'A o{g j? sK Gh T[sgsh BjhA
j' ;edh feT[Afe ;s s/ n;s fto'Xh ;[GkT[ j'D d/ ekoB, fJem/
BjhA ofj ;ed/, fiT[A nzXeko s/ gqek. fJ; bJh T[j oho Bk
;s j?, Bk n;s s/ Bk jh ;s s/ n;s d'B'A o{g. fJ; s'A fJjh
f;ZX j[zdk j? fe e'Jh Gh t;s{ T[sgzB BjhA j[zdh, g[sq nkfd t;s{ iK
BkT[ A e/ t b pd-wksq jh jB
fteko pkDh (nktk) s'A nkozG j'D tkbk Bkw wksq jh j?.
(SKL T[L 6. 1. 4
.)
4.)
56
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
ekoB ns/ ekoi d/ fBoD: tk;s/ ok phi ns/ fpqS tb Gh

Bo wkoBh ukjhJ/phi gfjbK j? :k fpqS. i/ phi gfjbK j? sK T[j
fpqS s'A fpBK fe; soQK pfDnk< i/ fpqS gfjbK j? sK T[j phi s'A fpBK
T[sgzB jh fe; soQK j'fJnk< e'Jh c?;bk BjhA. fJ; bJh fJj rZb
;[Gkfte jh f;ZX j' iKdh j? fe ekoB s/ ekoi fJj d'BA' gqshs jh j[d
z /
jB, tk;st ftZu j? BjhA. e/tb nkswk :kBh pqjw jh fJ;fEs j?
fi;d/ nk;o/ fJj ;kok irs T[sgzB ns/ BN j[zdk fijk Gk;dk j?.
Bk nkswk B{z e[M bkG g[idk j? s/ Bk jh jkBh feT[Afe ebfgs t;s{
nfXmkB * dk eh ftrkV ;edh j?< i/ e[M ftrkV ;edh j't/ sK
fwqrfsqBk dk ib, fgqEth B{z frZbh Bk eo d/t/< ns/ ;[gB d/ g[zB s/
gkg nkfd feqnk dk ikfrqs ftZu ;go Bk j't/< fJ; bJh ebgBk
e'Jh t;s{ BjhA j[d
z h, Bk j'D d/ ekoB jh, T[j e[M Gh BjhA ftrkVdh.
ebfgs i' ikfrqs s/ ;[gB nt;EktK jB, fJj T[Zgo ejhnK
ebfgs t;s{nK tKr{z jh jB. fJBQK d'jK ftZu irs dh gqsZy
nt;Ek j? ns/ ;[y[gsh fJBQK dh phi o{g ngqsZy j? :kBh d`?s i'
wB dk ;c[oD o{g j?, T[j wB fJ; nt;Ek ftZu gqgzu d/ ;fjs,
nkgD/ T[; o{g dk fsnkr Bk eodk j'fJnk, nfrnkB Bkb Yfenk
iKdk j?nftdk ftZu bhB j' iKdk j?. T[j nftdk fszB ekb
jh nkswk ftZu BjhA j? feT[Afe nftdwkB t;s{ dk Bkw jh
nftdk j?. nkswk ftZu e'Jh t;s{ Gh ftdwkB BjhA j?. fJ;h
s/ i' e[M Gh ftdwkB fijk Gk;dk j?, T[j nftdk jh j?. ;G
ebgBktK dk nkXko i' nkswk nd`?s j? ;' s{z j?A. fgnko/ fti'rh!
s/o/ ftZu gqshs d/ fojk fJj gqgzu, e[M t;s{ BjhA j?. iVQ, izrw
(u/sB) nkfd o{gK ftZu Gk;D tkbk fJZe s{z jh j ? A
*
nfXmkB-nkXko, nk;ok. fit/A jB/o/ ftZu gJh oZ;h ftZu i' ;Zg j'D dk Gow g?dk
j[zdk j?, T[j oZ;h d/ nk;o/ jh j?. fJ; soQK ;Zg d/ Gow dk nfXmkB oZ;h j?.
nwo t;s{
57
jo o{g ftZu s{z

s{z g/v[ ;ky s/oh c{bh.. s{z ;{yw[ j'nk n;E{bh..
s{z ibfBfX s{z c/B[ p[dp[dk s[X[ fpB[ nto[ B Gkbhn? ihT[..
s{z ;{s[ wDhJ/ Gh s{zj?.. s{z rzmh w/o[ f;fo s{zj?..
nkfd wfX nzfs gqG[ ;'Jh nto[ B e'fJ fdykbhn? ihT[..
s{z fBor[D[ ;or[D[ ;[ydksk.. s{z fBopkD[ o;hnk ozfr oksk..
ngD/ eosp nkg/ ikDfj nkg/ s[X[ ;wkbhn? ihT[..
s{z mke[o[ ;/te[ c[fB nkg/.. s{z r[gs[ gorN[ gqG nkg/..
BkBe dk;[ ;dk r[D rkt? fJe G'oh Bdfo fBjkbhn? ihT[..
(nzr 102
102))
oZ;h ftZu ;og tKr{z Gk;D tkb/ wB, fJzdqhnK ns/ ohoK dk
gqeke :kBh gqshs d/ oj/ nBzs pqjwzvK B{z gqekB tkbk r'fpzd,
fgnko/ fti'rh! ;' s{z j?A. fiT[A wkbk d/ wDe/, Xkr/ d/ nk;o/ ofjzd/
jB, T[;h soQK fJj gqshs d/ oj/ ;ko/ jh oho s/o/ nkfqs jB. s?E'A
ftS[fVnk j'fJnk s/ok gqhsw Gh s/o/ jh nk;o/ j? :kBh gfjb/ oho
B{z pdbe/, T[;dk d{ik oho o{gh wDek, s/o/ ftZu jh go'fJnk
j'fJnk j?. s/o/ fpBK T[;dh fJ;fEsh fJZe fSzB wksq Gh BjhA j?.
;[gB ftZu BkBk gqeko d/ oho nkfd gdkoE fGzB-fGzB gqshs
fdzd/ j'J/ Gh fiT[A ;[gBkth o{g :kBh fi;B{z fe ;[gBk nk fojk j?
:kBh ;[gB fdqNk (d/yD tkbk) jh fdq o{g j'fJnk Gk;dk j?,
fsT[A jh s{z nkgD/ gqhsw dk oho pfDnk j'fJnk Gkf;nk ;h ns/
T[j oho Gk;D s'A jNe/, j[D d{i/ o{g ftZu s{z jh Gk; fojk j?A. T[j
gqhsw fi;B{z fe fti'r ftZu ftnke[b j' e/ Y{zvdk fcodk j?A T[j s{z
jh j?A. ib ftZu sozr, MZr ns/ p[dp[d/ fiT[A j[zd/ s/ ftBk j[zd/
Gk;d/ jB, tk;st ftZu T[j Bk T[sgzB j[zd/ jB s/ Bk jh ftBk,
e/tb ib jh sozr, MZr ns/ p[dp[d/ d/ o{gK ftu gqshs j[zdk j?,
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
58
fJ; bJh T[j ib s'A fBnko/ BjhA jB. fsT[A jh fi; Gh eb ftZu
i' gqshsh j[zdh j? T[j, s{z jh j?A. s{z jh r'fpzd ;opsq fpokiwkB j?A
:kBh uokuo fisBh Gh f;qNh j?, T[j ;G s{z jh j?A
;G[ r'fpzd[ j? ;G[ r'fpzd[ j? r'fpzd fpB[ Bjh e'Jh..
;{s[ J/e[ wfD ;s ;jz; i?;/ Ufs g'fs gqG[ ;'Jh.. 11..
.. ojkT[..
ib sozr no[ c/B p[dp[dk ib s/ fGzB B j'Jh..
fJj[ gogzu[ gkopqjw eh bhbk fpuos nkB B j'Jh..
(nzr 485
485))
fiT[A e'Jh pkbe gkDh d/ p[dp[d/ tkb/ o{g ftZu gqhsh eoe/,
T[;d/ ib ftZu bhB j' ikD go o'Adk j?, fsT[A jh s{z Gh T[; gqshs
fdZs/ gqhsw (oho) ftZu nsh gqhsh j'D d/ ekoB fti'r u sVfcnk
s/ T[;dh sbk eodk fcfonk j?A. ftuko g{ope fiT[A p[dp[d/ dh
y'i dk Bshik ib jh fBebdk j?, fsT[A jh T[; ftS[V/ j'J/ gqhsw
dh y'i dk gfoDkw s{z nkswk jh f;ZX j[zdk j?A :kBh s/o/ f;tkJ/,
T[j fes/ fGzB o{g ftZu rqfjD BjhA ehsk ik ;edk s{z jh j?A. fJj
s/oh y/v j?, s{z jh jo gqeko Bkb fwsq, s{q nkfd pfDnk j'fJnk
ftuo fojk j?A. s{z jh gops, ;w[zdo s/ fpqS nkfd pfDnk j'fJnk
fJ;fEs j' fojk j?A. nkgD/ s'A fGzB ;G ebgBktK B{z, e/tb ebgBk
jh ;wMe/ fB;fuzs ofj ns/ 'e jhB Gkt nkBzd ;ò{g pqjw s'A
nfGzB nB[Gt eoe/, fJ; gow fJ;fEsh B{z ;zGkb! s/oh fJj
fJ;fEsh, s/ok tk;fsè ;ò{g j?, ikr'! fgnko/ fti'rh ikr'!!
fpoj o{gh ;Zg d/ vzr dh sVg ns/ ftnke[bsk o{g fjo
tZXdh iKdh B{z, wjKtke o{gh wzsq Bkb o'e fdZsk :kBh fpbe[b
d{o eoe/ gqhsw-nkswk dk fwbkg o{gh fBo'rsk gqkgs eok fdZsh
j?. ;wkXh o{gh fBzdqk ftZu x{e ;"A e/, e[ZM ;w/A T[gqzs gq;zB j'fJnk
fJT[ A p' f bnk
nwo t;s{
59
nkswk o{g ;{oi ftZu nftdk o{g

oksqh dk nGkt
fti'rhhj/ d{Jh d/ ftBke ns/ J/es` d/ ;{oi! s/o/ wjKtke
o{g gqek j[zd/ jh nftdk o{g oksqh feZE/ ubh iKdh j?, fes/ b[e
iKdh j? :k Bk jh j' iKdh j?<*
sofgnko/ fti'rh! s{z fe; t;s{ dk Bkw b?e/ w?B{z g[ZS
T[ Z so
fojk j?A< w?A sK ed/ oksqh d/yh jh BjhA j?. fezs{ nfrnkBhnK dh fJj
ebgBk ;{oi d/ nGkt ;w/A, oksqh dh ebgBk eoe/ ;"A iKd/ jB
ns/ id ;{oi B{z d/yd/ jB sd ;{oi T[d/ j'fJnk ;wMe/, fdB dh
ebgBk eoe/ nkgD/ fttjkoK ftZu bZr iKd/ jB. gqzs{ :EkoE
fJj j? fe oks ns/ fdB ;{oi ftZu ed/ j'J/ jh BjhA jB. Bk ;{oi
fSgdk j? s/ Bk T[d: j[zdk j?, ;{oi fBozso nkgD/ gqek (;ò{g)
ftZu fJ;fEs ofjzdk j? sK Gh p/;wMh d/ ekoB, ebgBk eoB tkb/
;{oi ftZu ebgBk eod/ jB. id'A fe fJj d'B'A T[d:-n;s dhnK
ebgBktK ;{oi B{z sK ;go th BjhA eodhnK. fsT[A jh nkswk
ftZu nftdk dk j'Dk :k Bk j'Dk fJj pD jh BjhA ;edk :kBh
nkswk B/ nkgD/ ftZu nftdk d/yh jh BjhA s/ Bk jh fJ; dk
nGkt d/fynk j?. Gkt ns/ nGkt Gh fe;/ t;s{ d/ jh j' ;ed/ jB,
nt;s{ d/ BjhA. nkswk s'A fGzB d{ih e'Jh t;s{ j? jh BjhA. w{oy
wB jh BkBk gqeko dh ebgBk eodk j? s/ nkg/ jh d[yh-;[yh j'Jh
iKdk j?. ebgBk d/ sw j' ikD go Bk nkgD/ ftZu e'Jh d[Zy
d/ydk j? s/ Bk jh e'Jh ;[y, nkgD/ nefj ;ò{g ftZu bhB j' iKdk j?.
*
fJ; wsbp B{z b?e/ fJj gqB j? fe wjKtke ;[Dd/ jh T[; dk gqhsw, nkgDk nkswk
o{g j' e/ gqsZy j' frnk j?. w?A j'o jK, w/ok gqhsw nkfd iht fGzB-fGzB jB ns/
gqwkswk fes/ tZyok j'o jh j? fJj G/d gqshsh fJZe fSzB ftZu BN j' rJh. fJ;
nG/d fJ;fEsh d/ ;w/A Bk wkb{w T[j G/d dh ekoB o{gh nftdk feZE/ ubh rJh j?<
fiT[A ed/ j[d
z h jh BjhA ;h. fJT[A n;uoi j'fJnk nkgD/ nkswk dk nB[Gt eodk j?.
60
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
T[j, ;`:z-gqek nkswk ftZu bhB j'fJnk wB, nksw ;ò{g

jh j?. fJ; bJh T[j eh nky/ fe nftdk o{g oksqh Bk j' iKdh j?
:k b[e iKdh j? feT[Afe nksw o{g ;{oi ftZu nftdk o{g oksqh
j? jh BjhA. nftdwkB t;s{ dk Bkw nftdk j?, i/j' i/jh fJj
nkg, s/j' fijk fJ; dk ekoi Gh j?. fJj nDj'Jh fdq gqshsh Bk
nkgD/-nkg B{z ikDdh j? s/ Bk jh nkswk B{z. gqshsh ekb ftZu
nkswk jh fJ; dk fdqNk j?ftrksk B{z fe; d/ d`kok ikD/.
(fpqjL T[L 2. 4. 14
.)
14.)
fJ; s'A fGzB e'Jh fdqNk BjhA.
(fpqjL T[L 3 . 8. 11
.)
11.)
ftrkB esh d/ ftrksk B{z s[;hA BjhA ikD ;ed/.

(fpqjL T[L 3. 4. 2.)
s[;hA fdqNh d/ fdqNk B{z BjhA d/y ;ed/.

fs; d? ukBfD ;G wfj ukBD[ j'fJ..
(fpqjL T[L 3. 4. 2.)

(nzr 13
13))
nfij/ ;`:z gqek nkswk d/ gqek B{z gk e/, wB nkfd fJzdqhnK

joes ftZu nkT[AdhnK jB.
wB Bkb nkyoh c?;bk

j/ wB! fnkdk j'o eh ygkT[Adk j?A< j[D s{z fJj dZ; fe s{z
nBkswk j?A :k nkswk< i/ nBkswk j?A sK :sB jh SZv, s{z nkswk
pD jh BjhA ;edk feT[Afe ed/ nZr Gh poc s[b r[D tkbh j'
;edh j?< fiT[A nzXeko, gqek BjhA pD ;edk, fsT[A jh s{z nBkswk
s'A nkswk BjhA pD ;edk. jK, i/ s{z rbsh Bkb nkgD/-nkg B{z
nBkswk wzBdk fojk j?A sK tZyoh rZb j?. T[; rbs fnkb B{z
SZv ns/ nkgD/-nkg B{z n?;k ;wM fe w?A nio, nwo, n;zr ns/
fBoftebg pqjw s'A i[dk BjhA jK! nfij/ nkgD/ tk;st ;ò{g B{z
G[Zb e/ jh, iVQ t;s{nK ftZu njz-Gkt eoB bZr frnk ;h :kBh
nwo t;s{
61
w?A oho jK, izwdk jK, wodk jK s/ d[yh-;[yh nkfd nBzs nt;EK
tkbk wzBD bZr frnk ;h ;' SZv d/! eh w[eb j?, fnkb d/
pdbD s'A fpBK j'o sK e[M BjhA eoBk g?Adk< nkgD/ bs fnkb
Bkb jh fjBkj s'A ezrkb pD frnk j?A, nr/ s/oh woh!
wB
wB-(pj[s d/o ykw' ofjD s'A pknd) feqgkb{! w?B{z fJ; soQK
T[gd/ d/D tkb/ nkg e"D j'< e'Jh T[Zso BjhA fwfbnk.
wB
wB-fJj e"D ;h w?B{z T[gd/ d/D tkbk i' g[ZSD go fpbe[b jh
r[zw j' frnk j?< w?A ;wMdk jK fe T[j w/ok jh fnkb ;h i'
T[gd/Nk o{g ftZu w?B{z Gkf;nk j? feT[Afe T[; :EkoE T[gd/ w[skfpe
w/o/ ([ZX nksw ;ò{g) s'A fpBK sK d{ih t;s{ f;ZX jh BjhA j[zdh ns/
T[j T[gd/ d/D tkbk , w/o/ fpBK d{ik j'o e"D j' ;edk j?< w?A ftnkge,
fBofteko ns/ nd`?s o{g jK. nkgDh wfbB wkfJnk Bkb fwfbnk
j'fJnk w?A rbsh Bkb nkgD/-nkg B{z iht ;wM e/ d[yh ns/ ;[yh
nkfd nt;EK tkbk wzBdk fojk jK ns/ nZi w/ok jh [ZX fynkb ,
w/o/ jh T[; wfbB fynkb B{z fwNk e/, nkg Gh Ks j' frnk j?. fJ;
bJh d'BA' f nkb w?Bz{ e/tb gqshs jh fdZs/ jB. w/o/ [ZX w?A (nkswk)
ftZu fe;/ gqeko dh e'Jh Gh spdhbh BjhA nkJh.
w/o/, fi; Gh fnkb ftZu i' fB;uk j[zdk j? , T[j' fijk jh tkBK
d/ ekoB gqsZy Gk;D bZr iKdk j?. w/o/ jh fnkb ftZu ;z;ko j? s/
fnkb dh spdhbh ftZu pqjw :kBh pqjw -fpqsh eoB Bkb pqjwo{g j' iKdk jK s/ iht-fpqsh eoB Bkb iht fijk pD iKdk jK. j?D
fJj d'B'A w/o/ jh f nkb -fJZe d[Zy dk j/s{ j? s/ d{ik wjK-;[y dk.
;[ydkJh fnkb , d[ydkJh fnkb B{z fwNk fdzdk j? gqzs{ w?B{z d'B'A jh
f nkb ;go BjhA eod/. w?A n;zr, fBofteko ns/ fBoftebg jK.
w/o/ ftZu id e'Jh gqubB (fjb-i[b) jh BjhA :kBh e'Jh c[oBk jh
BjhA j? sK e'Jh e?;k Gh fnkb j't/ , w?B{z ;go fe; soQK eo ;edk
62
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
j?< w/oh jh wkfJnk :kBh esh , w/o/ jh gq e k Bkb, ;kok y/bQ eoh
iKdh j?, ed/ wB pD iKdh j? s/ ed/ nkswk pD p?mdh j?. fiZE/ Gh
e'Jh wB"s j?, T[j wkfJnk dh jh us[okJh g{ope wfjwk j? i' w?B{z d/
yD tkb/ B{z Bk jkBh g[ik ;edh j? s/ Bk jh e'Jh bkG. Gkt/A w/o/ ftZu
fdq s/ fdq NkgBk j? BjhA
fco th nDj'fJnk jh Gk;dk ofjzdk j?.
fJ; wkfJnk dk o{g i/ d/yhJ/ fe fe; soQK dk j?< sK Bshik fJj' jh

fBebdk j? fe i' j't/ Bk b/feB Gk;dk j't/. fJ; bJh, w/o/ ftZu b/g
iK nb/g dh ebgBk jh eh< fJj w/oh p/;wMh dk jh cb j?, fi;B{z
fe w?A d/ydk jK. w/o/ d/yD ftZu d[Zy s/ w/o/ d/yD ftZu jh ;[y j?.
fiT[A oZ;h B{z ikBD tkbk g[o oZ;h jh d/ydk ns/ fB;u/ eodk j?
ns/ BjhA ikBD tkbk T[;h o;h ftu ;Zg B{z d/ydk j?. d/yd/ d'B'A jh
jB gqzs{ fJZe d/ydk j? s/ fJZe d/ydk j'fJnk Gh BjhA d/ydk. d' g[o
;[Zs/ j'J/ fdykJh fdzd/ jB, fJZe ;[y[gsh (r{VQh fBzdqk) fi; ftZu
fJzdqhnK s/ wB nkgD/ w{b ekoB nftdk ftZu bhB j' u[e/ jB.
nfijh ebgBk-jhB nt;Ek ftZu ;[y dk nB[Gt eo fojk j? ns/
fJZe gk; jh fgnk ;[gB ftZu BkBk gqeko Bkb d"Vdk, nZS/-p[o/
gdkoEK B{z d/ydk, o'Adk-jZ;dk, yKdk-ghAdk, fwbdk-ftS[Vdk, wodkizwdk, o'rh ns/ szdo[;s nkfd nt;EK d/ydk j'fJnk, nBzs d[yK
dk nB[Gt eo fojk j?. j?D d'B'A jh ;[Zs/ j'J/ gqzs{ fJZe mhe ;[Zsk
j'fJnk j? s/ fJZe ;[Zsk j'fJnk Gh BjhA ;[Zsk.
d' g[o uzdqwk B{z d/yd/ jB, fJZe B/sqK ftZu d' (yokph) j'D d/
ekoB d' uzdqwk d/ydk j? s/ fJZe fBo'r B/sqK tkbk :EkoE fJZe
uzdqwk jh d/ydk j?. d/yd/ d'B'A jh jB gqs
z { fJZe d/ydk j? s/ fJZe d/ydk
j'fJnk Gh BjhA d/ydk. fsT[A jh w?A nfrnkB sEk frnkB nt;Ek
ftZu d' gqeko d/ fB;u/ tkbk j' e/, d' g[oK tKr{z fttjko eodk jKw?A, ns/ fJj ;kok fdq-gqgzu fGzB-fGzB gqeko Bkb T[sgzB
nwo t;s{
63
j'fJnk fJ;fEs jK, gqwkswk sK fes/ tZyok j'o jh j? nfijh G/d

fdqNh d/ ekoB jh nfrnkB nt;Ek ftZu w?A nBzs gqeko d/
eb/K B{z d/ydk jK ns/ w?A wB, fJzdqhnK s/ oho BjhA jK, fJBQK dk
fdqNk nkswk jK. w?A jh uokuo (uZb O nub ;z;ko) ftZu ;wkfJnk
j'fJnk pqjw jK, w?E'A i[dk j'o e'Jh t;s{ j? jh BjhA fJ; :EkoE
fdqNh d/ ekoB w?A frnkB nt;Ek ftZu wjK-nkBzd dk nB[Gt
eodk jK. i' d`?s B{z d/yD tkbk w?A, G? dh nZr ftu ;Vdk jK, T[jh
d`?s d/ nGkt ftZu e/tb nd`?s d/ydk j'fJnk, nsh ;hsb j' iKdk
jK. G? dk ekoB d`?s j?, T[;d/ Bk ofjD ekoB fBoG? j'fJnk ;zebg{B w?A sK fBofteko nkswk jh jK. w/o/ ftZu fe;/ gqeko dk
d/yD nkfd fttjko BjhA j?.
T[g/: dh gqkgsh pknd T[gkfJnK

dh fBcbsk
;Zu-w[Zu fJj wB jh d`?s o{g ftZu c?fbnk j'fJnk j?. wB dk
Gkt (j'Dk) jh d`?s j? s/ nGkt (BK j'Dk) gow KswJh nd`?s j?.
d`?s d/ fwNkT[D kso jh ;ko/ T[gkfJ jB, T[g/: (be) t;s{ sK
;[s/-f;ZX, jo nt;Ek ftZu fpokiwkB j? jh. pZdbK d/ jNk d/D
dk :sB eost j?, ;{oi (nGkt ofjs) ;`:z-gqek o{g, ;dk jh
ngo'y (fBs, ;d?t), j?. k;sq ns/ r[o{, f d/ wB ftZu'A d`?s
dk nGkt eo d/D bJh gqftos j[zd/ jB gqzs{ fJj gqpb wkfJnk p[ZXh
T[Zs/ godk gk e/ T[gkfJ ftZu jh c;k fdzdh j?, T[g/ t;s{ dk
doB j'D BjhA fdzdh. e'Jh nsh fBowb nzsjeoD tkbk irk;{,
r[o{ feqgk Bkb T[gkfJ d`kok, T[g/: ftu gqt/ eoe/ T[gkfJ B{z hxq
jh SZv fdzdk j? feT[Afe T[g/: dh gqkgsh j'D go Gh T[gkfJ B{z cVh
oZyDk sK f;nkDg BjhA j?. B"ek (fesh) d/ pKSs n;EkB go
g[ZiD go Gh B"ek B{z Bk SZvDk th e'Jh nebwzdh j?< k;sqK ftZu
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
64
T[g/: dh gqkgsh bJh, BkBk gqeko d/ T[gkfJ fes/ pdK d`kok

pkozpko ej/ rJ/ jB ns/ fes/ noEK d`kok. fi; Gh ohsh Bkb
f: B{z p'X j' ikJ/, T[jh sohek tofsnk j? gqzs{ fJ; pks B{z Bk
;wMD d/ ekoB fe;/ Bk fe;/ T[gkfJ ftZu nk;es (yfus) j' e/
ebgBk-jhB nd`?s o{g nkswk i' wjK-nkBzd dk ;w[zdo j?, T[;
ftZu gqt/ BjhA eod/. fJj tkBk Bkb wfbB j'J/ nzsjeoD dh
fBkBh j?. p/ e T[j ;{yw tkBk, irk;{ B{z gqsZy fdydh BjhA
gqzs{ j? fJj wfbBskJh i' fe d`?s fwNdh BjhA. nkswk s'A fGzB fJZe
tkb-wksq Gh i' e'Jh t;s{ j?, T[j d`?s jh j? Gkt/A T[j fesBh Gh
nZSh wzBh iKdh j't/. T[gkfJ ed/ Gh T[g/: BjhA j' ;edk ns/ T[g/:
edh T[gkfJ BjhA j[zdk. ed/ oE (T[gkfJ) Gh wz b (T[g/:) o{g j'
;edk j?< fJ;h soQK wz b th ed/ oE o{g BjhA j[d
z h. ;kXkoB irk;{nK
dh sK rZb jh eh< tZv/-tZv/ ftd`kB ns/ nGk;h g[o Gh T[gkfJ T[g/: B{z nZSh soQK ;wMd/ j'J/ th, T[gkfJ B{z jh iZch gkJh p?m/ jB.
wB B{z t; eoB d/ uko (4) T[gkfJ

tfN ih B/ wB B{z (tZ) nOwB (nwB) eo d/D tkb/ uko
u'Dt/A T[gkfJ dZ;/ jBgfjbk T[gkfJ
kfJ-nXksw ftdk dh fBmk d`kok fJj fBoD:
gogZe j' iKdk j? fe fisBk Gh fdq gdkoE j?, ;G fwEk :kBh
oZ;h-;og, fwqrfsqBk-ib ns/ ;[gB gdkoEK tKr{z M{mk j? sEk
fdqNk ;`:z-gqek, jo nt;Ek ftZu fJZe-o; ofjD tkbk, ekbnshs :kBh ekb s'A ofjs ns/ ;s j?. pqjwftdk d`kok fi;
fdq dk fwEkgBk f;ZX j' u[Zek j?, T[; M{m/ fwqrfsq Bk d/ ib
tb, ib ghe/ ;[yh j'D bJh edw feT[A T[mktK< noEks w/ok
fgnk; p[MkT[D dk wsbp gq:'iB T[; M{m/ ib s'A g{ok BjhA j'
;edk. fi; gow ;s: tZb ikD dk w/ok gq:'iB j?, T[j ;s
nwo t;s{
65
t;s{ gow-Ks wJh fdqNk w/o/ wB-p[Xh dk ft/ jh BjhA feT[Afe

fe;/ Gh fJzdqh: dh, T[; sZe gj[zu BjhA j?. fJ; gqeko pkbD :kBh
tkBK dh y[oke w[Ze ikD go fiT[A nZr nkg/ jh Ks j' iKdh j?,
fsT[A jh nZSh soQK ;wMD s'A pknd fJj wB ;`:z jh Ks j' iKdk
j?. fJ; fB;u/ s'A pknd pkeh i' e'Jh nt;Ek pudh j?, T[j T[g/:
t;s{ j?. T[; T[g/: ftZu fJ;fEs j'D bJh jh ;ko/ g[okoE (T[gkfJ)
jB b/feB T[gkfJ cV oZyD tk;s/ jh BjhA. nzfwqs;o B{z ikD
tkbk g[o, nzfwqs;o d/ ;N/B s/ g[ZiD go Gh, o/b rZvh B{z feT[A
Bk SZv/< rZvh ftu'A T[Zso/ ns/ jfowzdo ftZu gqt/ eo/, fi;
we;d bJh ;co dk eN T[mkfJnk j?.
d{ik T[gkfJkfJ-;fs g[oK dh ;zrs j? feT[Afe i'
e'Jh w{VQ p[Xh
tkbk T[Zgo fejk p'X eokT[D go Gh, fjod/ ftZu XkoB BjhA eodk
:kBh hxq jh G[Zb iKdk j?, T[; B{z feqgkb{ wjKg[o pkozpko p'X
eokT[Dr/. fdq tb'A wB B{z eZYe/, nkswk ftZu i'VB dk T[gkfJ
dZ;Dr/ sK j"bh-j"bh nksw-fJ;fEsh B{z gkt/rk noEks wB fJzdhq nK
s'A nshs nefj nkBzd ;ò{g ftZu fJ;fEs j' ikt/rk.
shik T[gkfJkfJ-tkBk dk fsnkr j?. i' g[o ftdk-nfGwkBh,
XB, n?ò: s/ iksh nkfd d/ wd (njzeko)-:[es j?, T[j jzekoh
wB[, ;fsg[oK B{z ;/tk nkfd T[gkfJ d`kok gq;zB BjhA eo ;edk
feT[Afe jT[w?A Bkb nkefVnk j'fJnk T[j wB[Z, wjKg[oK dh ;/tk
eoB ftZu bZik (ow) yKdk j?. fJ; bJh feqgk dk gksq BjhA j'
;edk s/ gksq s'A fpBK nzfwqs fe; posB ftZu Go fdZsk ikt/<
ftdk, XB s/ iksh nkfd wd B/ sK p[ZXh o{g gksq B{z w{Xk (T[bNk)
eo SZfvnk j?. T[j wfbB nzsjeoD tkbk fJj BjhA ;wMdk fe
fi; ftdk B/ w/oh nftdk Bk BjhA ehsh, T[j Gh e'Jh ftdk
j?< T[j sK nftdk jh j?. fijVk gqek nzXeko B{z ftBk BjhA
66
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
eodk, T[j Gh e'Jh gqek j?< ftZd:k d[nkok sK fJj p[ZXh nkt/rh
fe w?A wjKg[oK dh oD iktK sKfe wjKtke o{g nzfwqs B{z gh e/
w/oh d`?s o{g ;VB fwN/ ns/ nwo j'tK. gqzs{ BjhA, nkgD/-nkg B{z
tZvk ftd`kB ns/ XBh ;wMD tkbk jzekoh, Gbk ed'A f;o M[ekT[Adk
j?< fJ; nfij/ jzekoh B{z ukjhdk j? fe ftuko g{ope wzd tkBk dk
Bk eoe/, wjKg[oK dh ;zrs eo/ sKfe fBotk; (tkBk ofjs)
n;EkB gowgd ftZu fBtk; j't/.
u"Ek T[gkfJ
kfJ-gqkD tk:{ dk fBo'X j?. tkBktK dh nsh gqpbsk
j'D d/ ekoB i' tkBK B{z SZv BjhA ;edk, T[j gqkDK dk fBo'X eo/.
feT[Afe gqkDK dh rsh tkBktK d/ nXhB j? ns/ gqkD rsh d/
ekoB jh tkBk c[odh j?. fJT[A fuZs d/ phi-o{g tkBk ns/ gqkD
fJZe d{i/ d/ phi ns/ nze[o dh soQK jB. rsh tkbk gqkD ns/
tkBk, fJj d'B'A fuZs o{g fpqS d/ phi jB. fJBQK d'jK ftZu'A fJZe
dk Bk j'D Bkb, d'B'A jh ftBk j' iKd/ jB. nXksw ftuko
d`kok, rqjD eoB :'r t;s{ d/ Bk ofjD ekoB, wB nkg jh Ks j'
iKdk j?. fJj nsh T[Zsw oki-:'r j?, fJ; dk toBD T[Zgo gfjb/
T[gkfJ ftZu ehsk j?! wKv{e T[gfBd ftZu fJT[A fejk j?fus, M{mh d`s
? B{z ;s wzB e/, T[BKQ fdq-gdkoEK ftZu gqftos
j[zdk j? ns/ d`?s t;s{ d/ nGkt dk p'X j' ikD go, T[j fBob/g j' e/
tkg; nk iKdk j?. fJ; soQK d`?s tb'A w[fVnk j'fJnk s/ j'o fe;/
gk;/ Bk gqftos j'fJnk fuZs, T[; t/b/ nub (fB;ub) o{g s/
fJ;fEs j' iKdk j?. T[j nt;Ek, gowkoE-doh g[oK dk jh ft/
j? feT[Afe T[j gow-;w, niBwk s/ nd`?s t;s{ j?.
(wKL T[L nL ekL 79
79.. 80
80))
fi; ;w/A nksw ;s dh gqkgsh j[zdh j? sd wB, ;zebg BjhA

eodk, T[; tes T[j nOwBh Gkt B{z gqkgs j' iKdk j?. T[; nt;Ek
nwo t;s{
67
ftZu rqfjD eoB :'r t;s{ dk nGkt j' ikD d/ ekoB rqfjD eoB
dh ebgBk s'A ofjs j' iKdk j?.
(wKL T[L nd`?L ekL 32

32))
fJj i' uokuo d`?s j?, ;G wB dk fdq j? feT[Afe wB dk

nOwBh Gkt noEks ;zebg {B j' ikD s/ d`?s fes/ Bo BjhA
nkT[Adh.

31))
;[gB nt;Ek ftZu Gh, fJj wB jh BkBk gqeko Bkb Gk;D

tkbk j? ns/ ikfrqs ftZu Gh fJjh wB, d`?s o{g ftZu Gk;dk j?,
fJ; ftZu e'Jh ;zd/j BjhA.

30))
wB-nksw ;ò{g jh j?
z e k - nBzs gqeko d/ T[gZdqtK dk ekoB wB jh f;ZX j[zdk j?,
eh fJj nkswk s'A fGzB j? :k nfGzB<
;wkXkB
;wkXkB-wB sK nkswk jh j?. gqzs{ fiT[A nzX/o/ ftZu gJh oZ;h
ftZu Gow eoe/ nDj'fJnk ;og gqshs d/ e/, G? ns/ ezgB (ezpDh)
dk ekoB pDdk j?, fsT[A jh fJ; dh nDj'Jh gqshsh, d[Zy-;[Zy
nkfd nBzs eb/K dk ekoB pDdh j?. ;og, tk;st ftZu Bk j'D
d/ ekoB oZ;h-;ò{g jh j?, fsT[A jh fJj wB e[M t;s{ Bk j'D d/
ekoB, nksw-;ò{g jh j?. wB dk nksw-;ò{g j'Dk r[o{d/t d/
puBK s'A ;gN j' iKdk j?wB s{z i'fs ;o{g[ j? nkgDk w{b[ gSkD[..
(nzr 441
441))
wB ns/ wB dk fdq i' e[M Gh Gk;dk j? T[j ;GfJj[ gogzu[ gkopqjw eh bhbk fpuos nkB B j'Jh..
(nzr 485
485))
fJ; fJZe jh nBzs gqeko Bkb c?bh j'Jh nksw-t;s{ B{z G[b e/
, Gow d/ ekoB wB id fJj ;wMdk j? fe w?A j'o jK s/ gqwkswk
j'o j? sd fBoG? j[zdk j'fJnk Gh, nkgD/ Bk dk G? wzBdk j?. w?A
68
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
wodk jK, izwdk jK ns/ d[yh-;[yh nkfd XowK tkbk nkgD/- nkg
B{z dhB ;wM e/ 'e-;kro ftZu o[VQdk iKdk j?. id fe;/ XhoitkB
feqgkb{, ;fsr[o{ d/t d`kok fJ; nfrnkBsk d/ BN eo d/D tkb/
wjKtke qtD eodk j? fes{z izwD woB tkbk BjhA, d[y-;[y, G[Zy s/ fgnk; nkfd nt;EK
oho, wB s/ gqkDK dhnK jB. s{z nio, nwo, [X, gqek, nub,
n;zr ns/ ftnkge j?A sd nkgD/-nkg B{z g{oB ikD e/ ;z;ko o{gh
'e ;kro dk T[bzxD eodk j?. fco T[jh wB fBoG? j' iKdk j?
:kBh Bk d/ G? dk ekoB i' d`?s j?, T[; fpqsh d/ Ks j' ikD Bkb,
woB s'A ofjs ns/ fBvo j' iKdk j?. woBk-izwDk d`?s ftZu jh j?,
d`?s dk Bk j' ikD Bkb nwo j' iKdk j?nksw-frnkBh fe;/ s'A Gh G? BjhA wzBdk.
(s?L T[L 2. 4. 1)
w{J/ eT[ ej[ wko/ eT[B[.. fBvo/ eT[ e?;k vo[ etB[..
(nzr 221
221))
vfo vfo wos/ ip ikBhn? d{fo.. vo[ u{ek d/fynk Gog{fo..

(nz r 186
186))
i'rh eT[ e?;k vo[ j'fJ.. o{fy fpofy frqfj pkjfo ;'fJ..
(nzr 223
223))
r[fo efjnk ;G[ J/e' J/e' nto[ B e'Jh j'fJrk ih

T[ . .
ihT[
(nzr 99
99))
s[M fpB[ gkopqjw Bjh e'fJ..
(nzr 192
192))
BkBe J/e' oft ofjnk d{;o j'nk B j'r[..
(nzr 250
250))
fgnko/ fti'rh! s{z fJ; nub fB;u/ tkbk j' fe r'fpzd gqG{ s'A
fpBK s{z j'o e[M Gh BjhA j?A. id'A fJj fB;uk gZek j'J/rk fco s{z
T[;s'A tZyok eh f;ZX j't/Ark< noEks s{z Gh T[jh r'ftzd jh j?A.
nwo t;s{
69
nfijk BjhA i' sz{ gfjbK ;Zu-w[Zu iht ;h s/ j[D nukBe jh

pqjw-;o{g j' frnk j?A. BjhA, id nkgD/-nkg B{z iht wzBdk ;h,
T[; t/b/ Gh s{z pqjw s'A i[dk BjhA ;h, fijk fe j[D frnkB dk
ftZu j?A. nfrnkB ;w/A pqjw ;kwkB* o{g s/ frnks ;h s/ j[D
ft/ ** o{g Bkb. Gkt/A T[; fBoft/ ftZu ;kwkB s/ ft/ Gkt
BjhA j? sK Gh gqshsh d/ fbjk Bkb fJj efjDk pD jh iKdk j?.
nfrnkB ekb ftZu w?A jK fJj ;kwkB frnkB gqs/e iht B{z
ofjzdk j?, fe;/ B{z Gh fJj nfrnkB BjhA fe w?A BjhA jK. fJ; jkbs
ftZu ;kwkB frnkB j? s/ ft/ frnkB dk nGkt j?. r[o{ s/
ksq dh feqgk Bkb w?A fBofteko s/ n;zr pqjw jK fJj ft/
frnkB j' iKdk j?. r[o{ s/ ksq Gqw B{z fwNk fdzd/ jB s/ i' e[M fe
fJj gfjbK j[zdk jh j?, T[j fiT[A dk fsT[A ;gN j' iKdk j?, w[V
Gqw-:[es BjhA j[zdk :kBh nkgD/ s'A i[dk gqwkswk B{z BjhA ;wMdkej[ BkBe Gqw eN/ fetkVk pj[fV B j'Jhn? iT[bk ihT[..
(nzr 102
102))
nksw-sZs` fJe-o; ofjD tkbh fBot?t (ngqhtosBhb)

t;s{ j?. T[j t;s{ nkswk nkgD/-nkg s'A i[dk BjhA, fJ; bJh
Bk T[j d{o j? s/ Bk jh ;whg (B/V/). T[j fJ; gqeko dk gqwkswk s{z
jh j?A;' gqG[ d{fo Bkjh gqG[ s{z j?..
(nzr 354
354))
yzv d/ pD/ j'J/ jkEh s/ x'Vk, d' fyb"D/ i/ nkg; ftZu MrVk
eoB :kBh fJZe d{i/ Bkb'A nkgDh skes ns/ r[DK dk nfGwkB
eoe/, Jhoyk dh nZr ftZu ;VB, fJ; jkbs ftZu e'Jh fdnkb{
*
;kwkB o{g Bkb frnks j'Dk fit/A ;koh pB;gsh ftZu nrBh dk ftnkgs j'Dk
nrBh dk ;kwkB o{g frnkB j?.
** ft/ o{g Bkb frnks j'Dk fit/A nrBh dk gquzv o{g i' ;ko/ ezw gqsZy o{g u gqrN
j' e/ eodk j?.
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
70
g[o ej/ fe nkeko fdqNh B{z Sve/, nkgDh n;bhns tb fXnkB

wko', s[jkvk d'jK dk ;ò{g fJZe yzv jh j?. yzv B{z SZv e/ s[jkvk
Bkw s/ o{g e[M th t;s{ BjhA j?. fco i/ T[j nkgD/ tZb fXnkB
wko b?D sK o"bk T[;/ tes ysw j' iKdk j?. T[ZE/ Bk jkEh ofjzdk j?
s/ Bk jh x'Vk, fJZe yzv jh ofj iKdh j?. T[BQK d/ MrV/ tes Gh yzv
s'A fpBK e'Jh j'o t;s{ BjhA ;h, e/tb ;wM dk jh xkNk ;h. T[j
p/;wMh fe;/ fdnkb{ g[o B/ rtk fdZsh s/ T[BQK dk i' n;bh o{g
;h, ;' ;gN j' frnk, e'Jh BthA rb BjhA j'Jh. fsT[A jh nfrnkB
fBzdqk ftZu ;[Zsk j'fJnk iht-nkswk, ;[gB d/y fojk j?. w?A pqkjwD
nkfd iksh tkbk jK, w?A ;G s'A tZvk XBh jK, w/ok wiQp ;G s'A
T[Zuk j?. w?A jo gqeko dh esh-;zgzB jK, w/oh gkoNh pVh pod;s
j?, w?A i' Gh ukjK eo ;edk jK. fJj w/ok s{q j?, fJ;B{z w?A S/sh jh
Bk eoKrk, tZv/-tZv/ n;o w/o/ :ko d';s jB ns/ T[j fejVh
skes j? fijVh w?B{z dpk ;e/ fJfsnkfd nfGwkB ftZu roe j'J/
B{z, fe;/ fdnkb{ wjKg[o B/ T[Zuh ntk Bkb fejkfeT[ Gqwhn? Gqw[ fe; ek j'Jh..
(nzrL 176
176))
feT[Afes[M fpB[ gkopqjw Bjh e'fJ..
(nzr 192
192))
pZ;! Bk ;[gB dk irs fojk s/ Bk jh oho fojk :kBh ;[gB dh

e'Jh Gh nz pkeh Bk ojh ns/ n;bhns nkgD/ ;ò{g ftZu fJ;fEs
j' rJh. Bk e[M pfDnk s/ Bk jh e[M ftrfVnk, GqKsh d{o j' rJh.
fJj ;fsr[o{ d/ nDhnkb/ sho jB, fi;d/ fdb ftZu br rJ/
T[j w[odk j' iKdk j? :kBh T[;dh gofSzBsk BN j' iKdh j?. T[j d/
j-nfGwkB s'A ofjs j'fJnk, wstkbk fes/ fgnk oj/, Bk e[M jkBh
s/ Bk jh e[M bkG g[Zidk j?. fpqZS dk N[ZNk j'fJnk gsk, jtk Bkb
TZ[v e/, ukj/ rzdh Bkbh ftZu fgnk o[b/ s/ Gkt/A gftsq n;EkBK
nwo t;s{
71
ftZu fvfrnk oj/. powh T[Zs/ gJh j'Jh ;Zg dh ezi, jtk Bkb
fjbdh-i[bdh d/y e/ Bktke b'eK B{z ;Zg jh Gk;dk j?, fsT[A jh
w[odk oho :kBh nBkswk ikD e/ fsnkfrnk j'fJnk-wwskjhB
oho, gqkopX o{gh tk:{ Bkb joes eodk, nfrnkBh ihtK B{z
Gk;dk j? s/ eJh soQK dh ebgBk dk ft/ pDdk j?. T[; nkswt/sk
d/ pkjob/ n;uoiwJh bZSDK B{z d/ye/, nzdobh fJ;fEsh dk e[M
e[ nzdkk brdk j? fe fJj e'Jh nrzwh n;EkB dh ;gojhB,
skh s/ ;[rzXh tkbh jtk ykD tkbk j?. T[; ;`;zt/d bZSD B{z
Gbk e"D ikD/< go;zt/d :kBh pkjo'A fdykJh d/D tkb/ bZSDK
d`kok jh e[M e[ efjD ftZu nkT[Adk j? fe fJj sK nEkj rfjokJh
ftZu v[Zfpnk j'fJnk, fe;/ nb"fee nkBzd dk of;e j?. fJ;dh
fBokbh joes wB B{z j?okBh ftZu roe eodh j?. ed/ fpbe[b
u[Zg, p'bdk jh BjhA. ed/ rkT[Adk, j;dk, p/;wM fijk, Gkoh ftd`kB,
nkswt/sk, fwZNh Bkb fbpfVnk j'fJnk, ;'jD/-;'jD/ p;sqK :[es,
fGfSnk wzrdk, okfinK wjkokfinK d`kok ;/ts, T[Zsw T[gd/
eodk j'fJnk, BzrhA g?ohA s[fonk iKdk iK jkEh x'V/ s/ ;tko j'fJnk
fdydk j?. e'Jh wQph fuzBQ fJ;dk BjhA fdydk, fe; ;zgqdkfJ dk
wzfBnk ikt/<-;zB:k;h, t?okrh, T[dk;h :k fBowbk nkfd nEtk
fjzd{, f;Zy :k w[;bwkB nkfd fe; wQp tkbk wzfBnk ikt/< ;Zu
sK fJj j? fe fJBQK T[gq'es nfGwkBhnK ftu'A fJj e'Jh Gh BjhA j?,
fJj fBopkD, toD-nkqw s'A nshs fJZe pqjw j?, fJ; bJh fe;/
Gh ebgBk dk ft/ BjhA j? s{z t
oBk fujBk pkjok.. jfo fd;fj jkio[ ikjok..
toBk
(nzr 74
74))
toB fujB ;rbj s/ ojsk.. BkBe jfo jfo r[ow[fy i' ejsk..
(nzr 259-60
259-60))
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
72
fi; Gh eb s/ Bkw ftZu i' t;s{ Gk;dh j?, T[j fJZe nd`?s
nkswk jh j?i' e[M iks d/ ;wkB T[sgzB j'fJnk Gk;D tkbk joes eodk
gqshs fdzdk j? ns/ t;s{ d/ ;wkB fe;/ o{g tkbk fdydk j?, T[j
n;b ftZu niBwk, nub ns/ nt;s{-o{g, nfd`sh:, ftrkB,
Ks nkswk jh j?.
(wKL T[L nL ekL 45

45))
fi; soQK f;ZX/-N/Y/ nkfd o{gK ftZu gqshs j'D tkbk nbks dk
;gzd (pbdh j'Jh beVh dk xz[wkT[Dk j?) T[;h gqeko rqjD ns/
rqkje o{g ftZu Gk;D tkbk noEks fJzdqhnK ns/ T[BK d/ ft/ o{g
ftZu Gk;D tkbk, nftdk d/ ekoB ftrkB (ft/ frnkB) dk
;gzd jh j?. T[j gqshs fijk j[zdk j?, tk;st ftZu j? BjhA feT[Afe
feqnk ofjs nkswk ftZu e'Jh joes ;zGt jh BjhA j?.
(wKL T[L nL ekL 47
47))
fi; gqeko ;gzd ofjs :kBh joes s'A fpBk nbks, nGk;{B :kBh gqshsh s'A ykbh s/ ni (ftekojhB) j?, T[;h soQK ;gzd
ofjs (c[oB/ s'A ykbh) ftrkB Gh nGk; {B s/ ni j?.
(wKL T[L nL ekL 48
48))
nbks :kBh oks d/ tes pbdh j'Jh beVh B{z x[wkT[D go

T[j f;ZX/ iK N/Y/ nGk; nkfd fes/ pkjo'A nbks ftZu BjhA nk
ikAd/ ns/ beVh dh joes pzd j' ikD Bkb T[j nGk; fe;/ j'o
gk;/ BjhA ub/ iKd/ sEk Bk jh T[j nGk; (gqshs d/D tkb/) nbks
pbdh j'Jh beVh ftZu gqt/ eo iKd/ jB. e/tb gqshs d/D tkb/
nGk;, e[M t;s{ Bk j'D d/ ekoB beVh ftu'A Gh BjhA fBebd/
feT[Afe fe;/ t;s{ dk jh gqt/ j'Dk s/ fBebDk pD ;edk j?,
nt;s{ dk BjhA. fJ;h gqeko nkswk ftZu Gh i' BkBk gqeko dh
gqshsh j' ojh j?, T[j nbks ftZu j'D tkb/ nGk; tKr{z j'D ekoB
e[M Gh BjhA j? feT[Afe ftrkB (ft/ frnkB) nkswk d/ ;c[oB
nwo t;s{
73
j'D go Gh T[;d/ nGk; fes/ pkjo'A BjhA nk iKd/ ns/ ;c[oB ofjs
j'D go fe;/ j'o gk;/ T[j BjhA ub/ iKd/ sEk Bk ftrkB (nkswk)
ftZu jh gqt/ eo iKd/ jB. T[j nGk; e[M t;s{ Bk j'D d/ ekoB
jh ftrkB ftZu'A BjhA fBebd/, feT[Afe ekoB-ekoi dh ftt;Ek
jh ekfJw BjhA j[zdh. fJ; bJh fi; o{g ns/ Bkw ftZu i' Gh e'Jh
gqshsh j[zdh j?, T[j nfuzsBh: j? :kBh fuzsB eoB d/ :'r jh BjhA
:kBh fe nfBotuBh: (neE) j?.
fJ; TZ[gob/ eEB w[skfpe Bk pkjob/ gdkoE jh wB s'A T[sgzB
j'J/ jB s/ Bk jh fuZs pkjob/ gdkoEK s'A T[sgzB j'fJnk j? feT[Afe
;ko/ jh Xow, nksw (ftrkB) ;ò{g d/ nGk; (gqshfpzp) wksq jh
jB. fJ;h ekoB sZs`t/sk b'e ekoB-ekoi dh T[sgsh ;`heko
BjhA eod/ feT[Afe nkswk ftZu fe;/ gqeko dh Gh ebgBk BjhA j?,
nkswk e/tb nd`?s j?. fJ; gqeko r"vgkdkuko: B/ nkswk s'A
fGzB i' e[M Gh Gk;dk j?, T[;dk nGkt gqfsgkdB (;thfeqs) ehsk
j?. ;[gB ftZu wB jh BkBk gqeko Bkb c?fbnk j'fJnk gqshs fijk
j'D bZr iKdk j?. T[j gqshsh fi; fdqNk dk fdq j[zdh j?, T[;
fdq Nk dk T[j ebgBk eoB tkbk wB Gh fdq jh j?. fJ; bJh
nkswk s'A f;tkJ/ wB e[M t;s{ BjhA :kBh wB nkswk jh j?.
fJ; gqeko dk nfuzsBh: nkswk fe;/ pd dk ft/ BjhA j?T[; irQk s'A pkDh (eEB eoB tkbh esh) T[; B{z Bk gqkgs
eoe/ wB ;fjs tkg; w[V nkT[Adh j?.
(s?L T[L 2 . 4. 1)
fJj gqhsw :kBh fBZs-w[es nkswk gq/w s'A fpBK BkBk gqeko
d/ ;kXB s/ nBzs eowK d`kok gqkgs j'D tkbk BjhA j?, fJj sK x[ZN
e/ fwbdk j? :kBh nkgDk ;ò{g j' e/ gqrN j[zdk j? e/tb fJZe gq/w
Bkb. gqhsw dh gqhsh ftZu v[Zfpnk j'fJnk fuZs jh ;z;kfoe ;[yK
ftu'A fBeb ;edk j?-
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
74
uoB ewb f;T[ bkrh gqhfs.. nkB ;[yk Bjh nktfj uhfs..
(nzr 196
196))
;kuh gqhfs jw s[w f;T[ i'oh.. s[w f;T[ i'fo nto ;zfr s'oh..
(nzr 659
659))
;fsr[o[ dfJnk eo/ gqG[ w/b/

w? fs;[ nkr? f;o[ efN efN gJhnk.. ojkT[..
o'fw o'fw wfB sfB fJe p/dB
w? gqG d/y/ fpB[ Bhd B gJhnk..
p?de BkfNe d/fy G[bkB/
w? fjod? wfB sfB gq/w gho brJhnk..
(nzr 836
836))
d/j ofjs ;fsr[o{

nksw-t;s{ dh gqkgsh ;qh ;fsr[o{ d/t ih d/ wjKtkeK d`kok
j[zdh j?, eq'VK eowK d/ eoB Bkb Gh BjhAfpB ;fsr[o jfo Bkw[ B bGJh by e'Nh eow ewkT[..
(nzr 40
40))
;fsr[o{ sK fwbd/ jB i/ nksw-doB dh fuZs ftZu

ftnke[bsk j't/, fJj fBo;z: rZb j?. g{o/ ;fsr[o{ nkswk :kBh
pqjw jh jB T[j fBor[D (oho ofjs pqjw) nfrnkBh ihtK B{z
oho tkbk fdydk j?, fJ; bJh fe nksw-doB ykso sVgd/
irk;{ oD rqfjD eoe/ wjKtke ;[BD s/ Ks j' ikD. fJj' jh
gqG{ j?, fi;B/ nkgDk n;bh ;ò{g fdyke/ irk;{ iBk B{z nkgD/
Bkb nG/d eoBk j?gkopqjw r[od/t Bhuj[ T[u Eg/..
(nzr 710
710))
;w[zd[ fto'fb ;oho[ jw d/fynk fJe t;s[ nB

nB{{g fdykJh.
fdykJh...
nwo t;s{
r[o r'ftzd[ r'[ftz

ftzd[ r[o{ j? BkBe G/d[ B GkJh..
75
(nzr 442
442))
BkBe ;'X/ f;zfwqfs p/d.. gkopqjw r[o Bkjh G/d..

(nzr 1142
1142))
gqG{ Bkb nG/d ;fsr[o{, f;y B{z nkgDk ;ò{g pDk b?Adk j?, fco
T[j f;Zy th fJ; gdth tkbk j'e/ ihtK dk nfrnkB BN eoB
ftZu ;woE j' iKdk j? feT[Afe ;fsr[o{ B/ T[; B{z nkgDk o{g pDk
fbnk j?. fgsk s'A T[sgzB j'fJnk g[sq, nkgD/ fgsk dk sK g[sq jh j?
go nkgD/ pfunK dk fgsk jh j[d
z k j?. i"joh nkgD/ kfrod B{z i"joh
pDk jh fdnk eodk j?, fJj e'Jh n;uoi iK nDj'Dh rZb BjhA.
;fsr[o{ gow-gko; j? feT[Afe gko; sKp/ B{z ;'Bk sK pDk fdzdk
j? gqzs{ nkgD/ s[b gko; BjhA pDkT[Adk. r[o{, f;y B{z nkgD/ ;wkB
jh eo b?Adk j? fJ; bJh gow-gko; j?. id g{opb/ [G eowK
nB[;ko g{o/ ;fsr[o{ dk fwbkg j[zdk j? sK pZio dh soQK nsh fdqVQ
i' gzi e' nBkswk o{gh fetkV br/ j'J/ jB, T[;h t/b/ Bk j' iKd/
jB. r[o{-T[gd/ Bkb wB ;zebg ofjs j' e/ nkswk ftZu jh
bhB j' iKdk j?. T[; nfijh nksw-doB nt;Ek ftZu Gqw,
pzXB s/ ekw nkfd fteko feZE/ ofj ;ed/ jB< fJj ;kok ;z;ko
ikDdk j? fe ;{oi d/ uVQd/ jh, oksqh Bk j' iKdh j?. fsT[A jh r[o{
d`kok gqkgs wjKtke o{gh ;{oi Bkb nfrnkB o{gh oksqh dk e'Jh Gh
fteko BjhA ofjzdk, e/tb ;`:z-gqek nkswk jh ofj iKdk j?.
fJjh fBs-nub fJ;fEsh ;fsr[o{ dh nkgDh j[zdh j? ns/ f;Zy
Gh T[; fJ;fEsh tkbk j' iKdk j?, fJ; bJh r[o{ gow-gko; j?oft gqrk; oiBh iEk rfs ikBs ;G ;z;ko..
gko; wkB' skp' S[J/ eBe j's Bjh pko..
gow go; r[ o [ G/ N hn? g{ o p fbys fbbkN..
T[ B wB wB wB jh fwb/ S[ N es pio egkN..
(nz r 346
346))
76
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
;/ f J w[ e s fi wB[ fiDfj fcfo Xks[ B bkr? nkfJ..

d;t? d[ n kfo ojs eo/ fsq G tD ;' M h gkfJ..
BkBe r[ o s/ r[ o [ j' f Jnk t/ y j[ fs; eh oikfJ..
fJj[ ekoD[ eosk eo/ i'sh i'fs ;wkfJ..
(nzr 490-91
490-91))
r[ f o dhBh p;s[ epho eT[ b/ t j[ p;s[ ;wkfo..

ephfo dhJh ;z ; ko eT[ bhBh fi;[ w;sfe Gkr[ . .
(nzr 970
970))
r[o{ feqgk Bkb fi; dh frnkB d[nkok nftdk BN j' u[eh

j?- d`?s d/ nGkt j'D Bkb i' nd`?s-o{g ftZu fJ;fEs j?, T[j
;kyks fBot?t (BK pdbB tkbk), ftnkge, n;zr s/ nftBkh
gqG{ jh j?. T[j nkgD/ ;ò{g nkswk dk frnkB eokT[D ftZu
;woE j?, fJ; bJh T[j r[o{ j?. r[o{ gd dh :'rsk gqkgs eoe/,
frnkB d`kok ;[Zs/ j'J/ ihtK dh nfrnkB fBzdqk s'Ve/, nkgD/ ;ò{g
dh ;'Mh eokT[D tkbk g{ok ;fsr[o{ j?. i' nkg ikr fojk j?, T[j d{i/
fe;/ ;[Zs/ j'J/ B{z feT[A BjhA irk ;edk id fe irkT[D ftZu e'Jh
gqshpzXe (o[ektN) jh BjhA< ;fsr[o{ T[j' j' ;edk j? fi;B/ ;op
T[gkXh ofjs nkswk B{z ;kyks pqjw o{g eoe/ ikfDnk j?. nfij/
g[o ftZu r[o{ gd dh :'rsk dk ;zd/j jh eh j?<;fs g[ o y[ fifB ikfBnk ;fsr[ o [ fs; ek BkT[ . .
fs; e? ;zfr f;y[ T[Xo? BkBe jfo r[B rkT[..
(nz r 286
286))
fi;[ fwfbn? wfB j' f J nBz d [ ;' ;fsr[ o [ ejhn? . .

wB eh d[ f pXk fpBf; ikfJ jfo gow gd[ bjhn? . .
(n
(nzzr 168
168))
shoE[ g{ok ;fsr[o{ i' nBfdB[ jfo jfo Bkw[ fXnk

J/ . .
fXnkJ/
nwo t;s{
77
Uj[ nkfg S[Nk e[Nzp f;T[ d/ jfo jfo Bkw[ ;G f;q;fN SvkJ/..
(nzr 140
140))
r[o{ dk T[Zsw f Gh i/eo r[o{ BjhA pD ;edk sK fco fJj

sK nkgD/ g{i ;fsr[o{ dk ngwkB j?-fJj puB wjKg[oK ftZu
nfrnkB B{z f;ZX eoB tkbk j?. i' r[o{ Gh jB s/ frnkB Gh BjhA
eok ;ed/, fJj sK eEB jh fto[X j?, fiT[A e'Jh ej/ gqek nzX/ok
BjhA T[vk ;edk i/ T[j gqek j? sK nzX/ok Bk feT[A BjhA eodk<
nkgD/ p[or i' nkgDh ;zgqdkfJ d/ nkfd eosk j'D, T[j r[o{nK d/
Gh r[o{ ;fseko:'r fJN o{g j'D eoe/ ;dk g{iBh jB gqzs{ fJj
rZb ;zGt BjhA fe nkgD/ g{i: r[o{nK d/ f;ZyK ftZu'A fe;/ B{z
nksw- frnkB BjhA j' ;fenk. i/ nksw-frnkB fe;/ B{z j'fJnk
j? sK fco T[; ftZu r[o{ gd nkT[D dh o[ektN eh j?< jK, fJj rZb
tZyoh j? fe T[j wjKg[o, nkgD/ tZfvnK B{z T[BQK d/ ;fseko bJh
r[o{ gd T[BQK ftZu jh oZyD ns/ nkgD/ ftZu fBowkDsk d/ ekoB
Bk wzBD gqzs{BkBe r[o s/ r[o[ j'fJnk t/yj[ fs; eh oikfJ..
(nzr 490
490))
r[o{ f;y[ f;y[ r[o{ j? J/e' r[o T[gd/;[ ubkJ/..

okw Bkw wzs[ fjod? d/t? BkBe fwbD[ ;[GkJ/..
(nzr 444
444))
fJBQK puBK w[skfpe s/ nB[Gt d`kok r[o{ gd dh zek e'Jh

BjhA ofjzdh. fJj e'Jh o{oh BjhA fe gqG{ ;ò{g j'J/ frnkBtkB
tk;s/ r[o{ pd tosDk jh ukjhJ/. Gkt/A T[; B{z pqjw-frnkBh,
r[of;y, r[ow[fy, ;zs, wjKg[o ns/ wk;No nkfd BkwK d`kok g[eko'
nEtk T[gq'es e'Jh Bkw Gh Bk d/t' gqzs{ T[j irk;{ B{z nkgD/ ;ò{g
dk frnkB eok e/, gqwkswk Bkb nG/d ntZ eodk j?. T[; nt;Ek
ftZu :kBh fi; fBozeko sZe wB ns/ pkDh g[Zi jh BjhA ;ed/,
78
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
T[; ftZu r[o{ ns/ f;y fJj d' pd Gh feZE/ ofjD tkb/ jB< gqG{
doBK d/ irk;{ dk T[BQK g[oK gk;'A wsbp jb j' iKdk j? Gkt/A
r[opkDh d/ puBK okjhA iK ;[szsq nB[Gt Bkb. frnkBtkBK d/
puB sK fJZe' fij/ jh j[zd/ jB, fJ; bJh ci{b jh r[o{ pd tk;s/
o"k gkT[Dk j?, r[o-rZdh d/ wkbe nkfd s'A ub/ nk oj/, T[jh
g{iBh: wjKg[o ofjD. frnkBtkB B{z pikJ/ r[o{ d/ Gkt/A f;y
efj fdT[ sK eh xNdk j?< wsbp sK ;kB{z nkswk dh Bkys
(gSkD) d`kok tkfjr[o{ Bkb nG/d j'D dk jh j?, ;' g{ok j' iKdk j?.
nkgD/ nkswk pqjw ftZu fJ;fEs j' e/ frnkBtkBK d/ T[uko/
j'J/ puB, T[BQK dk ;ò{g jh j[zd/ jB. fJj mhe j? fijk fe ;qh r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp ih d/ puB, r[o{nK d`kok T[uko/ j'J/ j'D d/ ekoB, r[o{-;ò{g
jh jB gqzs{ fJj fB:w gfofSzBsk ftZu BjhA ofjzdk, ftnkge j'
iKdk j? :kBh frnkBtkB e'Jh Gh j't/-fjzd{, w[;bwkB, f;y s/
Jh;kJh nkfd ;kfonK dh pkDh T[BQK dk ;ò{g jh j?. b/feB T[BQK
frnkBtkB wjKg[oK dh pkDh, irk;{ iBK d/ gk; j[zfdnK j'fJnK
Gh nksw-doB bJh, fe;/ T[Zu ihtB tkb/ frnkBh :kBh
nB[Gth g[o dh ;jkfJsk ntZ ukjhJ/.
nB[Gth vkeNoK d`kok ofus feskpK B{z gVQk e/, oho B{z uho
ckV e/, nzr-nzr i[dk eoBk s/ jo gqeko dh tkeh eoBh ns/
ftdkoEhnK B{z eokT[Dh, fJj nB[Gth vkeNoK dk jh ezw j?.
e/tb feskpK gVQe/ fpBK nB[Gth vkeNo dh ;jkfJsk d/, e'Jh Gh
ftdkoEh, vkeNo BjhA pD ;edk. nB[Gth fJziBhno dh ;jkfJsk
s'A fpBK, e'Jh ftdkoEh fBok feskpK gVQe/, fJziBhno BjhA pD
iKdk. okr ftdk dhnK e/tb feskpK gVQe/, fpBK jh fe;/ nB[Gth
okrh s'A, e'Jh ftdkoEh ;[o frnkB dk frnksk j' e/, okrh pDdk
BjhA d/fynk. T[gq'es feskpK nB[Gth g[oK d`kok fbyhnK j'D d/
nwo t;s{
79
ekoB jo fJZe ft/ B{z y'bQD bfrnK, e'Jh e;o BjhA SZvh rJh
gqs
z { gqe
? Nheb (siopk) e"D eokt/< ftdkoEh B{z T[j ;ko/ gqe
? Nheb
sK e'Jh T[jh eokt/, fi;B/ fe nkgD/ jZEhA ;G e[M ehsk j'fJnk
j't/. fJ; bJh sop/eko wk;No dh b'V ntZ g?Adh j?. fJj o{oh
BjhA fe T[; B{z wk;No jh fejk ikt/. i/ wk;No Bkw nB[e{b BjhA
sK e'Jh j'o Bkw ebgBk eo bt' gqzs{ fpBK fe;/ nB[Gth g[o d/
ekoi f;ZXh BjhA j' ;edh.
pqjw ftdk d/ rqzEK B{z noE ;fjs gVQk d/D dh e'Jh
ft/sk BjhA j?, ftd`kB b'e gVQk jh fdzd/ jB ns/ ftdkoEhnK
dk noE B{z ;wM b?Dk Gh n;uoi BjhA, ;wM jh fbnk eod/ jB.
efmBkJh sK fJj j? fe gVQkT[D tkbk ftd`kB i/ nkg rqzEK ftZu
ejhnK rZbK d/ w[skfpe ihtB tkbk BjhA :kBh wB, fJzdqhnK,
oho dk ;ziw s/ nkswk dk ;ò{g fi; soQK dk rqzEK ftZu nkfynk
j? i/ T[;h gqeko d/ ;ziw ns/ fdq gqgzu ftZu'A fBebh j'Jh fpqsh
tkbk nksw-nB[Gth BjhA j? sK T[j nZyoh ftd`kB ftdkoEhf;y B{z nkswk dk nB[Gt fe; eoQK eok d/t/rk< i' nkg jh ;[Zsk
j'fJnk, ;[gB ftZu /o, ;og nkfd ihtK Bkb fxfonk j'fJnk
ftnke[b j?, T[j e'b jh ;[Zs/ j'J/ d{i/ wB[y B{z ;[gB ftZu /o nkfd
eq{o ihtK s'A fe; soQK S[vk d/t/rk< e'Jh ikrdk g[o jh nktk
wkoe/ T[mk ;edk j?. nkswk dk nB[Gt e'Jh nksw-nB[Gth jh
eok ;edk j?. T[; B{z ;kyks gqwkswk ej', r[o{ ej' iK frnkBh
ej' iK e'Jh Gh j'o Bkw oZy bt', T[j sK gd jh pdK dh rzwsk
s'A go/ j?. wsbp sK e/tb tkfjr[o{ Bkb nG/d j'D dk j?.
gqwkswk d/ fe;/ ntsko d/ T[gd/ d`kok fJj ekoi f;ZX j' ikJ/,
gqG{ dh G/ih j'Jh fe;/ T[Zu j;sh d`kok j' ikJ/ nEtk fe;/ frnkBh
wjKg[o d`kok nksw-gd dh gqkgsh j' ikJ/, e[M Gh oe BjhA.
80
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
wzb we;{d go gj[zuD bJh ;kok :sB j? fe;/ Gh nksw-frnkBh

d`kok wzb s?n eo bt/ gqzs{ nfij/ wjKg[oy j?D d[obG. fJ; bJh
nfrnkBh dzGhnK s'A puDk ukjhJ/ feT[Afe T[BQK d/ ekp{ nkfJnk
ir:k;{ popkd j' iKdk j? Gkt/A T[j fesB/ jh gqf;ZX ftd`kB Gh
feT[A Bk j'D! T[j frnkB o{gh B/sqK s'A jhD j'D d/ ekoB, irk;{
B{z o;sk eh fdykT[Dr/< fJ; bJh frnkBh wjKg[oK d/ fwbkg s'A
gfjbK, r[o pkDh B{z jh r[o{ o{g ;wM e/ irk;{ nwb eo/. r[o{ dh
sbk bJh GNeD dh b'V BjhA, r[o{ dh pkDh jh r[o{ ;ò{g j?.
oXk, gq/w ns/ ft`k; ukjhJ/, gqG{ dh feqgk j' iKdh j?.
epho, oftdk;, XzBk s/ Bkwd/t nkfd Grs, g{oB frnkBtkB
j'J/ jB, nfijk BjhA fe T[j G/d-Grsh ftZu jh oj/ ;B s/ nG/dGrsh :kBh nkswk jh pqjw j?, fJ; nB[Gt tkb/ BjhA j'J/, fezs{
nksw-frnkBh ;B. fJ;h tk;s/ T[BQK dh pkDh ;qh r[o{ noiB
d/t ih B/, ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ftZu oZyh j?. i/ T[j gowgd ftZu
gj[zu/ j'J/ BK j[zd/, ;kXkoD Grs j[zd/ sK T[BQK dh pkDh B{z r[o{ ;kfjp
nkgDh pkDh d/ pokpo BjhA oZy ;ed/ ;B feT[Afe nksw-nB[Gt
ehs/ fpBK eZuh pkDh wzBh iKdh j?. nkgDh pkDh d/ Bkb jh,
T[BQK dh pkDh Gh fbyh j?. fJ; bJh T[BQK dh pkDh ns/ r[o{ ;kfjpK
dh pkDh fJe' jh doi/ dh gZeh pkDh ns/ X[o eh pkDh j?. X[o eh
pkDh dk wsbp fe T[j e'Jh BthA BjhA, gfjbK s'A jh frnkBtkBK
dk fJj fB;uk s[fonk nkT[Adk j? fe fJj fBozeko d/ ;ò{g-frnkB
Bkb f;ZXk ;zpzX oZyD tkbh j? ns/ fJ; pkDh Bkb fBo;z: jh
nksw-doB j[zdk j?. ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh ;koh pkDh jh r[o{
pkDh j?, fJ; bJh epho ns/ oftdk; nkfd GrsK ftZu r[o{ gd
;[Gkfte jh nkT[Adk j?. epho nkfd GrsK dh soQK j'o Gh [ZX
nzsjeoD tkb/ g[oK B{z nksw-frnkB j' jh ;edk j? s/ nksw-
nwo t;s{
81
frnkBh dh pkDh eZuh j' jh BjhA ;edh Gkt/A fe;/ Gh wQp iK

iksh dk j't/, T[j pkDh gZeh jh j?pqjw o{g nfj pqjw fts sk eh pkDh t/d.
Gkk nEtk ;z;feqs eos G/d Gqw S/d..
(ftL ;kL 3. 10
10))
gqzs{ fJj fXnkB d/D tkbh rZb o{o j? fe nksw-frnkBh

e'Jh ftobk jh j[zdk j?ss ;wdo;h ;zsj[ e'Jh e'fN wzXkjh..
(nz r 51
51))
fJ; bJh fijV/ nBzs tkBktK d/ :[es G/yh, dzGh s/ eZu/ r[o{
jB, T[BQK s'A puD kso , r[o{ pkDh go jh oXk, ft`k; ns/ gq/w j?,
;' mhe j?. ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, rhsk ns/ T[gfBd nkfd , frnkBh
g[oK d`kok ofus rqzEK ftu'A, fi; T[Zs/ th oXk j't/ irk;{ T[BQK
w[skfpe nkgDk ihtB pDkt/. gqG{ doB dh sV g ns/ ftnke[bsk
tX ikD go, fe;/ frnkBh wjKg[oy dk fwbkg ntZ j[zdk j?, fi;
d`kok irk;{ gowgd gqkgs eo b?Adk j?.
fJj fpbe[b bs j? fe ntsko s'A fpBK fe;/ ftZu Gh r[o{
pd BjhA nk ;edk. i?;k nksw-frnkB ntsko B{z j[zdk j? t?;k
jh j'o frnkBtkB B{z Gh. gqG{ Bkb nG/dsk d'jK dh fJZe' i/jh jh
j[zdh j?. e'Jh Gh dfonk ;w[zdo ftZu gqt/ eo/, ;w[zdo o{g j' iKdk
j?. wB, fJzdqhnK ns/ oho o{gh T[gkXh s'A ofjs nkgDk ;ò{g,
gqwkswk o{g fi;B/ Gh nB[Gt ehsk j?, T[j gqwkswk jh j?. ntsko
fJ; gqeko d/ ;ò{g fpBK, fe;/ fpbSD o{g ftZu gqt/ tkb/ BjhA
j[zd/. T[j ntsko, fi; fBozeko d/ o{g B{z frnkBtkB nB[Gt eodk
j?, T[; Bkb'A e'Jh fpbSD gqwkswk dk o{g irk;{ B{z BjhA fdyk
fdzd/ j[zd/, feT[Afe gqwkswk sK fJZe j?. e/tb wkfJe skesK d/
tZX-xZN fdyD d/ ekoB e'Jh nksw-;ò{g ftZu oe BjhA wzfBnk
ik ;edk. frnkBtkB dh fdqNh ftZu wkfJe skesK s[ZS s/
82
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
ftBkh jB. T[j nkgD/ ;ò{g ftZu wrB j'fJnk, fJBQK s[ZS skesK
tb fXnkB jh ed wkodk j?< go fJ;dk wsbp fJj BjhA fe wkfJnk
T[; d/ ezNo'b ftZu BjhA j?. nksw-frnkBh, gqwksw-;òg
{ jh j[d
z k j?pqjw frnkBh eT[ y'ifj wj/;[o..
BkBe pqjw frnkBh nkfg gow/;[o..
(nzr 273
273))
id fe T[j gqw/o j? fco wkfJnk T[; dh ;Zsk ftZu eo eh

;edh j?< eJhnK dk fynkb j? fe fBozeko dk ;keko j'Dk :kBh
ntsko o{g ftZu nkT[Dk pD jh BjhA ;edk. pD ;edk j? :k BjhA
fe;/ soQK wzB bt' fezs{ oho Xkoe/, nkgD/ ;ò{g B{z ;kyks fBozeko
o{g ftZu nB[Gt eoB tkbk :kBh nG/d fJ;fEsh tkbk fBozeko
dk ntsko jh j?. i' oho d/ :[es ihtK B{z Gk;/ s/ tk;st ftZu
oho s'A ofjs fBokeko fJ;fEsh tkbk j't/, T[jh ntsko j?. i'
d[yh ihtK d/ ;zeN eND bJh, jo gqeko Bkb wkfJe esh go
nfXeko iwk e/ w?dkB ftZu nk iKdk j?, T[; B{z b'e ntsko
efjD br iKd/ jB s/ fiBQK frnkBtkBkA gk;'A ihtK dh gqkopX
w[skfpe e'Jh ekoi-goT[geko eoBk BjhA j[zdk :kBh ;z;ko ftZu
e'Jh gqrN o{g ftZu fttjko eoBk BjhA j[zdk, T[BQK dh nkswkBzd
ftZu v[ph j'Jh fpqsh ftZu ;zebg jh BjhA T[Zmdk. fJ; bJh T[j
ebgBktK s'A ofjs fBoftebg ofjzd/ jB.
fi;B/ th fBozeko B{z ikfDnk, T[jh r[o{ j?. fJj BjhA fe gqG{
tb'A xZb/ rJ/ fe;/ wjKg[o B{z jh n;hA r[o{ wzBKr/ ns/ d{i/ B{z BjhA;fs g[oy[ fifB ikfBnk ;fsr[o[ fs; ek BkT[..
fs; e? ;zfr f;y[ T[Xo? BkBe jfo r[B rkT[..
(nz r 286
286))
fifB ikfBnk tke fe;/ ftnesh ft/ tb fJkok gqrN BjhA

eodk pbfe e'Jh Gh j't/ :kBh fifB (fi;B/) Gh fBozeko B{z ikfDnk
j?, T[jh r[o{ j?. fijVk nkg fBozeko Bkb nG/d j' u[Zek j? T[j wB[y
nwo t;s{
83
BjhA, fBozeko j?. fBozeko jh nkgDk o{g, nkgD/ f;y B{z fdyk ;edk j?,
wB[y BjhA. T[j gqG{ ;G ihtK dk nkgDk-nkg :kBh nkswk j' e/ jo
fJe nzsjeoD ftZu fpokiwkB j?. fi; th fBowb nzsjeoD ftu
nkswk fdqVQ j' e/, nfrnkB fBzdkq s'A ikfrnk j?, T[j ikrdk nkswk,
wfbB nzsjeoD ftZu nfrnkB fBzdkq ftZu ;[Zs/ j'J/ nkswk B{z
irkn fdzdk j? noEks nkswk jh nkswk B{z irkT[Adk j? feT[Afe
nkswk s'A fGzB wB, p[ZXh, fJzdhq nK ns/ oho nkfd ;[gB oho tKr{z
Gk;D tkb/ nfBZs jB. fJj iVQ gdkoE, u/sB t;s{ B{z BjhA ikD
;ed/. fiT[A ;[gB-irs ftZu Gk;D tkb/ fJ;sqhnK, wod, jkEh ns/
x'V/ nkfd ihtK ftu'A e'Jh Gh ;[gB fdqNk B{z BjhA d/y ;edk s/ Bk jh
ikD ;edk j? gqs
z { ;[gBkth jh ;G B{z d/ydk s/ ikDdk j?. fJ; gqeko d/
nkswt/sk, fBozeko Bkb nG/d j'J/ wjKg[o gk;'A T[gd/ b?Dk, fe;/
wB[y gk;'A T[gd/ b?Dk BjhA wzfBnk ik ;edk. nfij/ wjKg[o B{z i/
r[o{ efj fdZsk ikt/ sK T[j r[o{ wB[y j? n?;k BjhA pbfe nekb
g[oy j? fJj efjD ftZu nkt/rk s/ T[j nekb g[oy nkfd, nzs s/
wX-fszBK ekbK ftZu fJZe-o; ofjD tkbk nftBkh j?, fJj ow ;qh
r[o{ ebrhXo ih B/ nkgD/ puBK d`kok dZ;h j?nkfd nzs J/e? ntskok.. ;'Jh r[o{ ;wMhnj[ jwkok..
(dL rqzL)
i/ frnkBtkB ns/ gqw/o ftZu G/d wzfBnk ikt/ sKpqjw frnkBh eT[ y'ifj wj/;[o..
BkBe pqjw frnkBh nkfg gow/;[o..
(nzr 273
273))
fJj tke T[;ssh wksq jh ofj iKd/ jB. fiT[A e'Jh ej/ fe fJj
pkbe nrBh j? gqzs{ pkbe, nZr BjhA j' ;edk, jK! nZr dh soQK
s/iZ;`h j?, fJT[A T[;ssh tke j?. dbihs sK /o j?, dbihs :[tk
nt;Ek tkbk bVek /o BjhA j' ;edk, /o fij/ fBoG? fdb ns/
84
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
pb tkbk j?, fJj wsbp j?. fsT[A jh pqjw frnkBh B{z gqw/ò dh
T[gwk BjhA fdZsh rJh fezs{ pqjw frnkBh nkg gqw/o j?okw ;zs wfj G/d[ feS[ Bkjh J/e[ iB[ eJh wfj bky eo'oh..
(nzr 208
208))
fJj rZb tZyoh j? fe bZyK eq'VK ftZu e'Jh fJZe nfijk ;zs
j[zdk j? i' ;kyks fBozeko jh j't/ gqzs{ pqjw frnkBh ns/ fBozeko
ftZu e[M G/d BjhA ofjzdkd`? s/ J/e o{g j'fJ rfJU..
(pH BkH)
fJT[A ebrhXo ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ nkgDk gqG{ Bkb

nG/dsk dk nB[Gt fdykfJnk j?. fJ;h gqeko d/ fBozeko Bkb
nG/d j'J/ fe;/ th wjKg[o B{z r[o{ efj d/Dk e'Jh n:'r BjhA
feT[Afe T[j wB[y BjhA, fBozeko j?.
gqw/o d`kok xZb/ j'J/ B{z n;hA r[o{ wzB ;ed/ jK, d{i/ B{z BjhA.
mhe j?, gqzs{ fJj fB;uk fBozeko ns/ fBozeko tZb'A ;z;ko ftZu
goT[geko fjs G/ih j'Jh gftsq j;sh ftZu G/d f;ZX eodk j?.
fBozeko dk jh ;ò{g, T[j wjKg[o fiBQK B{z fe n;hA r[o{ wzBd/ jK
f;ZX BjhA j[zd/ s/ nG/dsk f;ZX Bk j'D d/ ekoD T[BQK ftZu r[o{ gd
dh zek j[zdh j? feT[Afe G/iD tkbk fBozeko ns/ G/i/ ik oj/
wjKg[o d' f;ZX j[zd/ jB. jK, ;E{b p[Xh tkfbnK tk;s/ fJj
fB;uk pj[s mhe j? s/ ;{yw p[ZXh tkfbnK bJh fgZS/ eEB ehsk
ftuko jh mhe p?mdk j? :kBh-oho d/ :[es ihtK B{z Gk;/ s/
tk;st ftZu oho s'A ofjs nkswk jh pqjw j?, fJ; nG/d
fJ;fEsh tkbk j't/, T[j r[o{ j?.
fBozeko d/ fpBK d{ih t;s{ j? jh BjhABkBe J/e' oft ofjnk d{;o j'nk B j'r[..
(nzr 250
250))
fJ; bJh fJZe jh nkswk nftdk d/ ekoB nkgD/-nkg B{z
nwo t;s{
85
iht wzBdk j? ns/ T[jh nkswk nftdk d/ T[Zv ikD Bkb gqwkswk
j[zdk j'fJnk jh, gqwkswk j' iKdk j?. nftdk Gh e[M t;s{ BjhA
:kBh i' j't/ Bk ns/ Gk;dh j't/ ;' nftdk j?. fJ; bJh nkgD/
nkg s'A i[dk e'Jh fBozeko BjhA j?. nkgDk ;ò{g id skJhA ngqsy
ofjzdk j? sd sZe fJj iht fijk pfDnk j'fJnk nkgD/ s'A i[dk
fe;/ gqwkswk B{z wzB e/, BkBk gqeko dhnK dhBsk g{ope p/BshnK
eodk ofjzdk j? ns/ nkgDk ;ò{g gqsy j[zfdnK jh dhBsk nkfd dk
nGkt j' iKdk j?. fJ; bJh frnkBtkB fe;/ gqeko Gh fBozeko s'A
i[dk f;ZX BjhA j[zdk. gqwkswk d/ f;ZX j' ikD go Gh fe;/ j'o
gqwkswk dh ebgBk eoBh fJj sK fe;/ ohsh B{z ekfJw oZyD tk;s/
jm-wksq jh j? Gktfe gqwkswk d/ o{g s'A nDikD wB dk bZSD j?.
nd`?s fuzsB
nd`?s jh d`?s o{g ftZu Gk;dh j?, fJj fBoz: rZb j?. fJ;
gqshs d/ ojh d`?s d/ ftBk tk;s/, d`?s dk jh nk;ok b?Dk, p[XhwkB
dk ezw BjhA j?. fJ; B{z jB/o/ ftu gJh oZ;h ftZu gqshs d/D tkb/
;og d/ w{b ekoB nzXeko d/ nGkt bJh, j'o nzXeko dk jh ;jkok
;wM'. ;Zg d/ G? s'A ofjs j'D bJh ;?AeV/ T[gkfJ fBcb jB, oZ;h B{z
:EkoE o{g ftZu d/yD ykso, fJZe dhge B{z SZve/. id fe fJj
fJ; soQK dh rb j? sK nd`?s-doB tk;s/, d`?s-wJh fXnkB eh
wsbp oZydk j?< nd`?s t;s{ ftZu gqt/ eoB ykso, nd`?s-wJh
fpqsh d/ :[es j'Dk jh fJZe :EkoE T[gkfJ j?. pkeh fisBk Gh
g[okoE j?, T[j wzd-p[ZXh j'D d/ ekoB fJT[A j? fiT[A e'Jh thj whb
ubD ftZu n;woE j?, T[j fJZe d' whb jh ;co eo/, nZSk jh j?nkgDh wzb s/ gj[zuD tkb/ o;s/ sK fgnk j'fJnk j?. fiT[A fe;/
pkbe d[nkok gqw/ò nokXD pko/ g[ZSD go, wjKg[o pkb e
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
86
(nDikD) ;wM e/ efj d/D fe g[sq wzdo ik e/ ftK go ib ns/

c[Zb uVQkfJnk eo. ib ns/ c[Zb uVQkT[D/ fJj Gh e'Jh gqwkswk dh
g{ik j?< wjKg[oK dk wsbp sK gqwkswk tb fXnkB fdtkT[D dk
j?. id gqG{ doB dk nsh g/qw tZXdk d/yDr/ sd i' n;bh gqG{fuzsB dk sohek j? ;' ;w/A nB[;ko :[esh g{ope ;jh-;jh dZ;Dr/
. T[j sohek i' nd`?s ftZu gqt/ eokT[D pko/ efjDr/, T[jh g{ik,
fXnkB, ;kXB, Grsh ns/ frnkB j't/rk. T[; Bkb fB;u/ jh d`?s
ofj BjhA ;edh feT[Afe T[j oksqh d/ Bk eoB tkbk wjkB s/iZ;`h
;{oi j?.
rqzEK ftZu fiZE/ Gh nkgD/ s'A fGzB fe;/ d{i/ dh T[gk;Bk ejh j?
T[j efBN ns/ wZXw nfXekoh tk;s/ j? feT[Afe fJ; nfGgqk:
(wsbp) B{z w[Zy ofynk frnk j? fe jkbK j'o gqkgsh d/ ukjtkB
;s-wkor ftZu gqftos j'D :kBh ;'gkfXe (T[gkXh ;fjs) pqjw
dk fXnkB eoB ns/ id ;z;eko :[es fJBQK dh p[ZXh j' ikt/rh
sd tk;fsè T[gkfJ i' nd`?s-fuzsB :kBh fBoT[gkfXe pqjw dk
frnkB j?, d/ d`kok nkswk-pqjw Bkb nG/d j' ikDr/. fJ; bJh
[X nzsjeoD tkb/ T[Zsw nfXekoh B{z nd?`s-fuzsB s'A fpBK
e'Jh d{ih T[gk;Bk, g{ik nkfd BjhA eoBh ukjhJ/i' pkDh Bkb gqekfs BjhA j? fezs{ fi; Bkb pkDh gqekfs
j[zdh j?, T[; B{z s{z pqjw ikD. fi; d/-ekb nftfSzB t;s{ dh
b'e T[gk;Bk eodk j?, T[j pqjw BjhA j?.
(e/L T[L 1. 4)
i' wB Bkb wzBD BjhA ehsk iKdk, pbfe fi; Bkb wB wzBD
ehsk iKdk j?, T[; B{z s{z pqjw ikD. fi; d/-ekb nftfSzB t;s{ dh
b'e T[gk;Bk eodk j?, T[j pqjw BjhA j?.
(e/L T[L 1. 5 )
fi; B{z e'Jh B/sq Bkb BjhA d/ydk pbfe fi;dh ;jkfJsk Bkb
nwo t;s{
87
B/sq nkgD/ ftfnK B{z d/yd/ jB, T[; B{z s{z pqjw ikD. fJ;
d/ - ekb ntfSzB t;s{ dh b'e T[gk;Bk eodk j?, T[j pqjw BjhA
j?.
(e/L T[L 1 . 6)
fJ; gqeko i' fe;/ Gh fJzdqhnK dk ft/ BjhA, T[; pqjw B{z fe;/
fJzdqh: dk ft/ pDk e/, T[;h d/ gokfJD j'Dk fJj d`?s jh j?. fJj
nfrnkB, nfrnkB B{z ftBk BjhA eo ;edk. i/ nzXeko ftZu
gJh j'Jh t;s{ bGDh j? sK T[j gqek s'A fpBK fet/A fwb ;edh j?<
nkswk s'A fGzB i' e[M Gh j?, T[j ;G iVQ j?. u/sB :kBh nkswk B{z
SZve/ iVQ dh g{ik eoB tkb/ B{z, e"D nebwzd efjzdk j?< g{o/
;fsr[o{ fpBK fJj G[b/yk d{o e"D eo/, i' nkg jh nzXk j?, T[j d{i/ B{z
wkor eh fdykt/rk<
r[fo efjnk nto[ Bjh d{ik.. fe;[ ej[ d/fy eoT[ nB g{ik..
(nzr 224
224))
nkj! fesBk r{VQ oj; Gfonk j'fJnk puB j?. BkBe Bkw
;[Dd/ jh d`?s BjhA nNedh s/ nkg/ d/ nB[Gt ;fjs T[gd/, d`?s B{z
ekfJw BjhA j'D fdzdk, fJ; ftZu sK efjDk jh eh j?< nkgD/ r[o{d/t
dk jtkbk fdzd/ j'J/ efjzd/ jB-w/o/ ;fsr[o{ B/ fJj wjKtke ;[DkfJnk
fe s/o/ fpBK e'Jh j'o d{ik gqw/ò BjhA j? :kBh s{z jh pqjw j?A . fJ;
bJh s{z nky pJh w?A nkgD/ nkswk-pqjw d/ g{oB ofjzd/ j'J/, fe; B{z
gqwkswk d/y e/ T[; dh g{ik eoK< i/ w?A nkgD/ s'A i[dk fe;/ gqwkswk
B{z d/ye/ g{ik bJh fsnko j'tK th sK T[j w/ok fdq j'D d/ ekoB,
nfBZs f;ZX j[ z d k j? . fco i' w/ o k fdq j? s/ w? A T[ ; B{ z
d/yD tkbk fdqNk jK, T[j w/o/ g{iD :'r Jhò s/ w?A T[;dk ;/te
pD fe; soQK ;edk jK< fJ; puB dh g[Nh ;qh r[o{ nwodk; ih d/
puBK d`kok Gh j[zdh j?-
88
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
d{i? GkfJ nfrnkBh g{id/ dorj fwb? ;ikfJ..

nksw d/T[ g{ihn? fpB[ ;fsr[o p{M B gkfJ..
(nz r 88
88))
gqw/o B{z nkgD/ s'A fGzB wzB e/ :kBh w?A dhB, izwD s/ woB
tkbk iht jK ns/ w/o/ s'A fGzB ;op-eshwkB, nio s/ nwo gqG{
j'o j?, fJ; gqeko d/ ftgohs fB;u/ tkb/ nfrnkBh, G/d-T[gk;Bk
eod/ jB s/ fJ; G/d-T[gk;Bk Bkb [G-n[G eowK d/ fj;kp :'r
ofj ikD d/ ekoD, Xowoki d`kok ;k d/ jedko jh pDd/ jB
noEks izwD-woB dh e?d ftu'A fBeb BjhA ;ed/ feT[Afe G/d dk
phi i' nftdk o{gh n zXeko j? id T[j T[;h soQK jh ekfJw j?,
T[;dk ftBke frnkB (gq e k) o{gh ;{oi T[d/ BjhA j'fJnk sK ;op
ftekoK dk BfwZs i' iBw j?, T[j fe; soQK o[e ;edk j?< fJ; bJh G/
d-T[gk;Bk B{z SZve/, nkgD/ nksw-d/t dk g{iB eohJ/ :kBh w?A
jh gkopqjw jK! fJ; nkgD/-nkg/ B{z ;opsq g{oB ikBDk, fiXo Gh
wB s/ fJzdqhnK ikD, T[; t;s{ dk ebfgs Bkw s/ o{g jNk e/, T[;
ftu pqjw GktBk eoBh. w?A jh pqjw jK fJ;, n;zGktBk s/ ftgqhs
GktBk s'A ofjs fdqVQ-p'X :[es ;dk ofjDk ns/ wB B{z nkgD/
nkswk-pqjw ftZu :kBh gqs:/e nkswk ftZu v[p' d/Dk noEks
pqjw GktBk fpBK j'o e'Jh ;zebg T[d/ Bk j'D d/Dk. gqzs{ w[eb fJj
j? fe fJ; nksw-g{ik dh ;wM, fpBK g{o/ ;fsr[o{ s'A nkT[Adh BjhA
j? feT[Afe fJ; wB fJzdqhnK dh gj[zu s'A go/ ntku-gd ftZu
fJ;fEs j'Dk e'Jh y/bQ j?< i' nkg ;ò{g-fJ;fEsh tkb/ j[d
z / jB, T[jh
irk;{ B{z nkgD/ nkswk ftZu fJ;fEs eo ;ed/ jB.
T[gq'es puBK s'A fJj f;ZX j[zdk j? fe pqjw-fuzsB s'A f;tkJ/
T[Zsw nfXekoh :kBh irk;{ B{z fisB/ Gh j'o wB p[ZXh nkfd d/
Xow j'D, ;G B{z fuZs ftu'A fsnkr d/Dk ukjhJ/. pqjw-fdqNh d/
s[b, e'Jh Gh ftBkh Xow i' oho d/ Bkb jh BN j'D tkb/ jB,
nwo t;s{
89
BjhA j' ;ed/. nftdk ekb ftZu jh ehs/ ikD tkb/ Xow, Gqw o{g
j'D d/ ekoB, ;G dk fsnkr jh T[Zsw irk;{ bJh ebkD dk
j/s{ j?. nkgDk-nkg :kBh nksw-f;woB s'A fpBK i' e[M Gh eoBk
j?, T[j Gqw jh j? feT[Afe nkswk s'A fpBK e'Jh Gh d{ih t;s{ BjhA j?.
i/ Gk;dh j? ns/ eost Gh fdykJh fdzdk j? sK T[j fB;u/ jh Gqw
j?. fJZe pqjw-fuzsB jh nNb Xow j?sfi ;fG Gow GfiU gkopqjw[.. ej[ BkBe nNb fJj[ Xow[..
(nzr 196
196))
;G wfj g{fo oj/ gkopqjw..

BkBe jfo ehosB[ efo nNb J/j[ Xow..
(nzr 299
299))
wsbp frnkB fBmk d/ s[b e'Jh Gh Xow BjhA, fJ; bJh T[;
ftnkge gqG{ dk i; eo/ :kBh fi; Gh eb Bkb T[;dk fuzsB
eoBk eost j?Gofw G{b/ nfrnkBh nzX[b/ Gqfw Gqfw c{b s'okt?..
fBoihT[ g{ifj wVk ;o/tfj ;G fpoEh xkb rtkt?..
(nzr 1264
1264))
fjzd{ g{i? d/j[ok w[;bwkD[ w;hfs..

Bkw/ ;'Jh ;/ftnk ij d/j[ok B w;hfs..
(nzr 875
875))
nd`?s-fuzsB dk T[gd/ ft ih B/ tfN ih B{z Gh fdZsk ;hfJZe tko tfN ih nkgD/ f ;w[dkfJ ;fjs e?bk gops
d/ fe;/ owDhe n;EkB go nGk; ftZu sZsgo ;B. nZXh oks d/
tes pkjo fBebD s/ eh d/yd/ jB fe ft ih, gkopsh ;fjs
fJ; soc nk oj/ jB. S/sh-S/sh ;kwrqh fsnko ehsh s/ oXk
g{ope ft ih dk g{iB ehsk. ft ih B/ ;G soQK dh e[bsk,
nB[e{bsk-gqshe{bsk tf;N ih B{z g[ZSh. ft ih B{z nkgD/ go
fdnkb{ j'J/ d/ye/ ns/ nsh [G nt;o ikD e/ wB-pKSs gqB
g[ZSD bJh nkfrnk b?e/ tf;N ih B/ gZ[fSnk-
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
90
t f N i h -Jhò-g{iB fe; ;kwrqh Bkb ehsk ikDk

ukjhdk j?<
f t ih -gfjbK fJj d;' fe fi;dh s[;hA g{ik g[ZSh j?, T[; d/t
B{z ikDd/ Gh j'<
t f N i h -ih jK! [T[gkXh :[es d/tfsnK dk Bkw fbnk]
f t ih -fJj d/t BjhA jB. fJj ;G feqfsqw :kBh fe;/ d`kok
ehs/ rJ/ jB. i' ;G ftZu fJZe-o; g{oB, nfeqfsqw, nkfd-nzs
ofjs j?, T[j g{ik eoB d/ :'r fJZe jh gqG{ j?. ftB{z d/t BjhA,
ft, pqjwk s/ fJzdq Gh d/t BjhA. Bk d/t ;{oi j?, Bk tk:{, nrBh s/
uzdqwk Gh d/t BjhA. Bk pqkjwD, ysqh s/ Bk jh w?A d/t jK. Bk s{z wB,
p[ZXh, fuZs s/ j'o fe;/ Gh neko tkbk d/t j?A ns/ Bk jh wkfJnk
d/t j?. i' fe;/ Gh d`kok ehsk BjhA frnk, T[j fJZe gow-d/t j?.
nkeko tkbh :kBh gfofSzB t;s{ ftZu, d/t pd nk fe; soQK
;edk j?< nfeqs, nBkdh nBzs, u/sB, ebkD-;ò{g, fi;B{z
sZs`t/sk b'e n?;k ikDd/ jB, T[j d/t pd eoe/ fejk iKdk j?
ns/ T[;h dk g{iB eoBk ukjhdk j?. T[j ;s-;ò{g s/ fJ;fEs j?,
T[;s'A ;E{b s/ ;{yw o{g gqgzu T[sgzB j[zdk :kBh T[sgzB j[zdk fijk
wkb{w j[zdk j?.
nfrnkBh b'eK bJh feqfsqw :kBh nkeko dh g{ik jh nZSh j?
feT[Afe i' :'iB gq:zs-uko e'j BjhA ub ;edk, T[j fJZe e'j* jh
ub/ sK e'Jh jo BjhA gqzs{ ftd`kB, fBowb p[ZXh tkb/ g[o bJh
BjhA feT[Afe ;[rzXh tkb/ ;[zdo pB B{z SZve/ ;[rzXh ofjs ezfvnK
tkb/ eozi{J/** d/ fpqSK B{z ;/tB eoB tkb/ nfrnkBh jh jB,
* gfjb/ tkN d/ wkg e'j iK e'; fco whb ns/ j[D feb'whNo jB.
** eozi{nk-fJZe ezv/dko, e"Vk ns/ row-y[e sk;ho dk g"dk j?. nk:[ot/d dhnK
dtkJhnK ftZu ezw nkT[Adk j? ns/ y/sK dhnK tkVK eoB bJh toshAdk j?.
nwo t;s{
91
frnkBtkB BjhA. fJ; bJh nksw-sZs` dh g{ik bJh ;kwrqh

p'X ;kw s/ w fJj fszB c[Zb jB1H p'X (frnkB) 2H ;kw (;w-fdqNh) 3H w (fuZs dh fJekrqsk)
g{ik eoB tkb/ b'e fJBQK Bkb [ZX ;ò{g, efbnkDekoh pqjw
dk g{iB eoBk efjzd/ jB. fJBQK fszBK c[ZbK Bkb i' d/t dh g{ik
eodk j? ;'Jh d/t-nouB j?, nkeko ;fjs ftB{z nkfd BjhA.
frnkB-;ò{g nkswk dk g{iB SZve/ i' nkeko (T[gkXh) :[es
d/t dk g{iB eod/ jB, T[j pj[s ;w/A se eN gkT[Dr/. nkswt/sk
b'eK d/ eqhVk :'r nksw-d/t jh j?, T[j ;G dk ekoB, T[gq'es
g[gK (c[ZbK) d`kok g{iD :'r j?.
j/ tfN! s{z Gh u?sB, nek s[b ftnkge, nftBkh d/t
nkswk B{z ikD ns/ T[;h dk g{iB eo. nkeko tkbh t;s{, g{ik
d/ bkfJe BjhA feT[Afe T[j iVQ ns/ ftBkh j?. i' Gh nkeko ftZu
Gk;D tkbh t;s{ j?, T[j nkgD/ nfXmkB (nk;ok) nkswk
ftZu ebfgs j?. ebfgs t;s{, nfXmkB s'A fGzB ;Zsk tkbh
BjhA j[zdh :kBh nfXmkB ;ò{g jh j[zdh j?. fJ; bJh fJ; gow-sZs`
B{z ikBD tkb/, jo nt;Ek ftu, fJZe gqG{ B{z jh d/yd/ jBpqjw[ dh;? pqjw[ ;[Dhn? J/e[ J/e[ tykDhn?..
nksw g;kok eoDjkok gqG fpBk Bjh ikDhn?..
(nzr 846
846))
i' dh;? ;' s/ok o{g[.. r[D fBXkB r'ftzd nB{g..

(nzr 724
724))
fgnko/ fti'rh! fJj pqjw fdqNh r[o{ feqgk s'A fpBK, rqzEK d/
gkm-wksq Bkb gqkgs j'D tkbh BjhA j?. fiBQK wjKg[oK d`kok rqzE
fbfynk iKdk j?, T[BQK dk wB gqgzu nshs nt;Ek ftZu ozfrnk
j'fJnk j[zdk j?. T[j fBofteko nkswk ftZu fJ;fEs j'fJnk,
nkgDh nt;Ek dhnK rZbK eodk j?. Gbk fJ; wB, pkDh ns/
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
92
oho s'A go/ dh nt;Ek dk eEB, BkBk gqeko Bkb d`?s o{gh tkBk
Bkb iefVnk j'fJnk ;z;koh wB[, eh ikD ;edk j? Gkt/A T[j
fesBk tZvk ftd`kB Gh feT[A Bk j't</ T[j nszs ;{yw-r[gs oj;,
e'Jh r[o{d/t jh ;wMkT[Ad/ jB. w[zve T[gfBd ftZu ;G rqzEK B{z
nftdkw: jh fejk j?, nksw gqkgsh ftdk Bkb j[zdh j? s/ T[j
ftdk ;fsr[o{ gk;'A fwbdh j?.
d' ftfdnK-ngok s/ gok

"Be B/ nzfrok foyh gk; ike/ fJ; gqeko gZ[fSnkj/ GrtkB! fe; t;s{ d/ ikD b?D go ;G e[M :kBh i' th
ikBD :'r gdkoE j?, T[j ft/ o{g s/ ikD fbnk iKdk j?<
nzfrok-pqjwt/sk g[oK B/ fejk j? fe d' ftfdnK ikBD :'r
jB fJZe gok s/ d{ih ngok.
for t/d, :i[o t/d, ;kw t/d, nEot t/d, f;yk, ebg,
tkeoD, fBo[esh, Szd s/ i'fs, fJj ngok ftfdnk j?. gqzs{
fi; ftd:k Bkb T[; nOyo (Bk ofjs) gqwkswk dk frnkB j[zdk
j?, T[j gok ftfdnk j?.
(w[zL T[L 1 . 1 . 5.)
fJj ;[De/ "Be foh j?okBh ftZu v[Zp frnk feT[Afe for t/d
nkfd s'A pkjo gok ftdk efj fdZsh j?. t/d pkDh s'A i/eo pkjo
e'Jh ftdk j?, T[j w[esh dk ;kXB j' jh BjhA ;edh, gqzs{ nkswfrnkB T[;h gok ftdk d`kok j[zdk j?, fJT[A nkfynk j?. f;zfwqshnK
ftZu fJj eEB j?i' t/d s'A pkjo f;zfwqshnK s/ j'o i' wB woh dhnK dbhbK
jB, T[j gob'e bJh fBcb s/ Boe bJh ;kXB wzBhnK rJhnK
jB!
T[gfBd i' ;kyks gqwkswk dh gqkgsh dk ;kXB j?, T[j ;kok
f;b;bk t/dK d/ nzsors jh j?, fJ; bJh T[;dk Gh fsnkr j'
nwo t;s{
frnk. i/ fJj pks j? sK fco T[j gok ftdk fejVh j?, fi;
93
Bkb
nksw gqkgsh j[zdh j?< ;u-w[u jh fJj fJZe tZvk Gkoh ;z: j?
fi; B{z fuZs ftZu oy e/ nzfrok foh B/ fJ; gqeko eEB ehsk j?,
T[; nfGgqk: B{z nkfd zeokuko: B/ Gk nzdo fJT[A y'fbQnk j?fJj rZb BjhA, fJ; irQk gok ftdk efjD dk Gkt frnkB
j?. t/d-T[gfBd dh pd okh BjhA, feT[Afe T[gfBd gVQ b?D
go Gh t?okr ns/ r[o{ s'A fpBK nOyo (Bk ofjs) pqjw dk frnkB
BjhA j' ;edk. fJ; bJh pqjw ftdk dk rqfjD i[dk j? noEks
gok ftdk (ftrkB) d`kok gqwkswk ikfDnk iKdk j? feT[Afe
nftdk dh fBftosh jh pqjw dh gqkgsh j?. t/d nkfd fizB/
Gh rqzE jB, T[j ;G fszBK r[DK d/ nzdo jh jB, fJ; bJh ngok
ftdk ej/ jB. nkswk r[DK s'A nshs t;s{ j?, fJ; ekoB
gok ftdk :kBh frnkB d`kok gqkgs j[zdk j?. frnkB nkswk
s'A e'Jh tZyoh uh BjhA, nkswk frnkB ;ò{g jh j? :kBh frnkB
Gh r[DK nshs jh j? ns/ r[o{ d`kok gqkgs j[zdk j?. T[j frnkB
:kBh gok ftdk, hxq jh nfrnkB dk ftBk eodh j?. nfijk
BjhA i' eow eKv pko/ pdK dk noE ikD b?D pknd eosk
nkfd nB/e ekoeK d`kok i' nrBh-j'sq nkfd feqnk j?, eoBh
pkeh ofj iKdh j?. gok ftdk dk ekoi tke, noE, frnkB
T[;h ;w/A jh ;wkgs j' iKdk j? noEks puB ;[De/, noE ;wMD
;ko jh, T[;dk cb ;wkgs j' iKdk j? e/tb pdK d/ :'r Bkb
gqekfs j'D tkb/ noE frnkB ftu fJ;fEs eo d/D s'A fpBK
gok ftdk dk j'o e'Jh gq:'iB BjhA j?. gok ftdk Bkb gqekfs
j'D tkb/ nkswk d/ ft/ D efjzd/ jBT[j i' nfdq :kBh frnkB fJzdqhnK dk nft:, eow fJzdqhnK
dk nft:, w{b ofjs, toD ofjs, nZyK ns/ ezB nkfd frnkB
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
94
fJzdqhnK s'A ofjs, eow fJzdqhnK s'A ofjs, fBs, ftnkge, ftG{
:kBh nB/e gqeko dk, nszs ;{yw ns/ nzrK s'A ofjs j'D d/
ekoB nftBkh sEk i' ;zg{oB G{sK dk ekoB j?, T[; B{z ftt/eh
b'e ;G gk;/ d/yd/ jB.
(wz[L T[L 1 . 1 . 6)
j/ "Be! fi; pko/ s{z g[ZSdk j?A, fJ; gqeko ;G d/ ekoB ;ò{g
gqwkswk B{z ikD b?D go jh, fJj ikBD ftZu nk iKdk j? fe fJj
;kok ;z;ko nkswk jh j?, T[; s'A tZyok BjhA j?.
gfVn? w?b[ B T[so? g{Sj[ frnkBhnk ikfJ..
(nzr 39
39))
wB w/o/ r[o ;ofD nkt? sk fBowb[ j'fJ..

wBw[y jfo jfo efo Ee/ w?b[ B ;eh X'fJ..
(nzr 39
39))
wB w/o/ ;rb T[gkt fsnkr[..

r[o[ g{ok nkokfX fBs fJe;[ eh fbt bkr[..
(nzr 45
45))
f;zfwqfs ;k;s ;'fXnk GkJh ftD[ ;fsr[o Gow[ B ikfJ..

nfBe eow efo Ekfenk GkJh fcfo fcfo pzXB gkfJ..
(nzr 608
608))
;kX{ eh j'j[ o/D[ek ngDk nkg[ fsnkfr..

T[gkt f;nkDg ;rb Sfv r[o eh uoDh bkr[..
(nzr 45
45))
;?AeV/ rqzEK d/ gVQ b?D go Gh nksw-frnkB dh gqkgsh BjhA

j[zdh id se fe ;fsr[o{ nkswk ;zpzXh ow Bk ;wMkT[D. Bkod
w[Bh g{oB ftd`kB noEks 64 ebk-ftdk ;zgzB ;B-for t/d,
:i[o t/d, ;kw t/d, nEot t/d, fJfsjk;-g[okD, tkeoD, qkX
ebg, rfDs, T[sgks frnkB, fBXh k;sq, BSZsq ftdk, ;og
ftdk (rkoV{ wzsq) fBqs:-;zrhs nkfd k;sqK d/ ftd`kB ;B sK
Gh pqjw dk frnkB gqkgs BjhA eo ;e/. nkfyo ftnke[b fuZs,
B; e/ ;Bs e[wko w[Bh dh oB ftZu ike/ fJj gqB ehskj/ GrtkB! w?A ;[fDnk j? fe nksw-t/sk 'e B{z so iKdk j?
nwo t;s{
95
gqzs{ w?A 'e ;fjs jK\ fJ; gqeko nkgDk nfrnkB gqrN ehsk sK
;Bs e[wko ih B/ sZs`-t;s{ dk T[gd/ fdsk ns/ Bkod w[Bh B/
nksw-fJ;fEsh gqkgs ehsh.
fJ;h soQK `/se/s{ i' ;G t/dK dk nGk; eoe/, nkgD/ fgsk d/
gk; nkfJnk. T[dkbe foyh B/ nkgD/ g[sq B{z jT[w?A Bkb oe
j'fJnk d/fynk. ftdk nfGwkBh g[sq dk nfrnkB fBftos eoB
ykso, nksw-sZs` dk T[gd// ehsk sK T[; nBzdwJh, fBZsgqek t;s{ dk frnkB gqkgs eoe/, `/se/s{ nub fJ;fEsh tkbk
j'fJnk. fJj gq;zr ns/ Bkod-;Bs e[wko dk gq;zr SKd'r:
T[gfBd ftZu ft;Eko g{ope d/y'.
fJ; s'A fJj ;gN j? fe e'Jh Gh rqzE-;z;feqs, fjzdh, gzikph,
T[od{ s/ nzro/h nkfd Gkk ftu gqw/ò ;zpzXh j't/, T[j fe;/ ekwb
w[od (r[o{) dh ;jkfJsk fpBK, nksw-frnkB BjhA eok ;edk
feT[Afe wjKg[oK fpBk, rqzEK d/ puBK dh ftt;Ek BjhA brdh.
ftd`kB ;fsr[o{ s'A fpBK, rqzEK ftZu'A f;Zy B{z sZs`-t;s{ ;wMke/
rqzEK dh fBbsk fdykT[D tkbk, j'o e'Jh Gh BjhA j?. ;ko/ jh
nZyoK ftZu c;kT[D tkb/ jB feT[Afe id wB nd`?s f;XKs B{z
g{oh soQK rqfjD jh BjhA eodk sK p[Xh fBo;z: fe; soQK j't/<
nkg ;z: :[es g[o, d{i/ B{z fBo;z: BjhA eo ;edk. rqzEK B{z
gVQkT[D tkbk ftd`kB Gh, irk;{ B{z fBo;z: BjhA eo ;edk
feT[Afe y[d nkg jh ftukfonk j'fJnk T[j rqzE, ftfdnkoEh B{z
feqskoE fe; gqeko eo d/t/rk< e'Jh sZs`t/sk ftd`kB jh gqwkswk
Bkb nG/d eodk j?, fJj fBofttkd rZb j?ej[ BkBe r[o fpB[ Bjh sohn? fJj[ g{oB ss[ phukok..
(nzr 611
611))
rqzE ;ko/ jh fszBK r[DK (sw'A, oi' ns/ ;s') d/ nzsors jB.
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
96
wB, pkDh dk ft/ j'D d/ ekoB jh r[DK s'A pkjo BjhA j' ;ed/ ns/
fszBK r[DK s'A go/ s[oh:-gd i' nkswk j?, T[j wB pkDh dk
nft: j'D d/ ekoB, pd dh gqftosh s'A pkjo j? noEks T[;
pko/ fJe b Gh eEB BjhA ehsk ik ;edk. t/d Gh fszB r[DK B{z
jh ft/ eoB tkb/ jBj/ noiB! ;G t/d, fszB r[DK d/ ekoi o{g ;z;ko B{z jh gqek
eoB tkb/ jB, fJ; bJh s{ zn;z;koh :kBh fBekwh j'.
(rhL nL 2 ;L 45
45))
iBw wo? sq?r[D fjseko[.. uko/ p/d eEfj nkeko[..

shfB nt;Ek ejfj tfynkB[..
s[ohnkt;Ek ;fsr[o s/ jfo ikB[..
(nzr 154
154))
fJBQK puBK d`kok fJj rZb ;gN j' iKdh j? fe t/d fszB r[D
wJh, i' oho dhnK ikfrqs nkfd fszB nt;EK jB, dk jh toBD
eod/ jB noEks fszB nt;EK dh g{oh ftnkfynk eoe/ Gbh
gqeko fdyk fdzd/ jB fe T[go'es fszB/ nt;EK s[oh: nt;Ek
:kBh nkswk ftZu BjhA jB noEks oZ;h ftZu ;Zg dh GqKsh tKr{z
e/tb gqshs jh j[zdhnK jB.
fi; s[oh: nkswk ftZu fJBQK dh gqshsh j[zdh j?, T[j fej'
fijk j?< T[; pko/ ksq gqwkDT[; nkswk B{z Bk gj[zue/ wB s/ pkDh tkg; w[V nkT[Ad/ jB.
(s?L T[L 2 . 9 . 1 .)
fJ; soQK efj e/ ykw' j' iKd/ jB. feT[A< fJ; bJh fe fJj
ekoi :kBh s[oh: gd, nkswk dk frnkB, ;fsr[o{ eokT[Dr/,
feT[AfeJ/ nyo fyfo ikfjr/ UfJ nyo fJB wfj Bkfj..
ijk p'b sj nSo nktk.. ij np'b sj wB[ B ojktk..
nwo t;s{
97
p'b np'b wfX j? ;'Jh.. i; Uj[ j? s; by? B e'Jh..

(nzr 340
340))
i' nftBkh nkswk pkDh s'A go/ j?, T[; irQk wB jh BjhA
mfjo ;edk :kBh id wB dh T[; se gj[zu jh BjhA :kBh fuzsB
dk ft/ jh BjhA pD ;fenk sK pkDh d`kok p'be/ fe; soQK nkfynk
ikt/<
id fe fJj pks fJ; soQK dh j? sK T[j ;z;ko ftZu fejVk rqzE
j? fi;d/ nZyo ftBkh BjhA ns/ wB, pkDh dk ft/ BjhA< Gkt/A
nd`?s rqzEK d/ puB esh fpqsh d`kok nkswk dk p'X BjhA eok
;ed/, fezs{ bZSDK fpqsh d`kok Gh nkswk dk p'X eokT[D tkb/
rqzE, ;fsr[o{ dh ;jkfJsk wzrd/ jB. feT[A< fJ; bJh fe fi;
nkswk dk nktoD Gzr j' u[ek j?, T[jh nfrnkB Bkb Ye/ j'J/
fe;/ d{i/ oho ftZu nkswk dk nktoD T[mkJ/rk. ukj/ ;[szsq
nkgD/ nB[Gt d`kok jh s/ Gkt/A frnkBtkBK d/ puBK d`kok :kBh
rqE
z K d/ ohJ/ feT[Afe nkgD/ nkswk ftZu fJ;fEs j'e/ frnkBtkBK
d`kok rqzEK ftZu fby/ j'J/ puBK B{z, T[jh ;wMdk j? i' fe nkg
nkswk ftZu fJ;fEs j't/. fJ; bJh rqzE o{g ftZu, frnkBtkBK
d/ puB j'D d/ pkti{d Gh nksw-nB[Gt tk;s/ fe;/ frnkBtkB
dh b'V g?Adh j?.
nkgD/-nkgD/ toD, nkqw, ;zgqdkfJ, G/y, wQp nkfd cK;hnK
Bkb ieV/ j'J/ ns/ ;z;koh tkBktK Bkb S/d/ j'J/ wB tkb/ wB[y,
toD-nkqw s'A nshs, G/y iK d/j nXk; s'A go/, nksw-;ò{g
ftZu fJ;fEs sZs`-t/sk g[oK d`kok, rqzEK nzdo toBD ehs/ nfij/
puBueq fujB no[ poB ikfs no[ gkfs BfjB fij..
o{g ozr no[ o/y G/y e'T{ efj B ;efs fej..
(dH rqzH)
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
98
o{g[ B o/y B ozr[ feS[ fsqj[ r[D s/ gqG fGzB..

fs;fj p[MkJ/ BkBek fi;[ j't? ;[gq;zB..
(nzr 283
283))
nby ngko nrzw nr'uo Bk fs;[ ekb[ B eowk..

ikfs nikfs ni'Bh ;zGT[ Bk fs;[ GkT[ B Gowk..
(nzr 597
597))
B ;zyz B uezq B rdk B f;nkwz..

o{ g z ojz s iBwz .
n;oi
(nzr 1359
1359))
s{z toBk fujBk pkjok.. jfo fd;fj jkio[ ikjok..

(nzr 74
74))
nkfd puBK d`kok gqrN j'D tkbk i' Bkw-o{g (d[fBnkth Bkw
ns/ eb) ofjs nkswk j? B{z, wjKg[oK dh ;jkfJsk s'A fpBk jh
gqkDh nB[Gt eoB dh u/Nk eod/ jB. nksw-frnkB gqkgs eoB
dh joes wkB' nkek B{z uwV/ dh soQK bg/N e/, w[Zmh ftZu geVBk
ukj[zd/ jB nEtk TZ[v u[Ze/ gzSh dk nkek ftZu wkor Y{zvd/ jB
:k fJT[A ;wM' fe nzX/oh oks t/b/ ib ftZu tV u[e/ ;Zg d/, g?oK d/
fBkB frDd/ jB.
;fsr[o{ dh e;tZNh
fgnko/ fti'rh! ;fsr[o{ dh oD ftZu fBtk;, pqjwuo: ns/
sgf;nk nkfd ;kXBK d/ :[es j' e/, nksw-t;s{ ikDh iKdh j?.
nszs gq/w, oXk s/ ft`k; s'A fpBK, r[o{ gk;'A fJj nBzdw:h
t;s{ e"D gqkgs eo ;edk j?< r[o{d/t dh e;tZNh pVh n;uoi j?,
b/-wksq Gh BebhgB B{z BjhA odh. i' n;bh ;'Bk j[zdk j?, T[jh
ykB/ ftZu gkfJnk iKdk j?. r[o{ dh goy (e;tNh) o{gh nsh
efmB gofunK B{z e'Jh fBowb ns/ shpo p[ZXh tkbk ftdkoEh
jh Godk j?. d/yhJ/! s{kB Gh nkgD/ g{o/ 'oK T[Zs/ j? ns/ fesh Gh
nkgDk wkor SZvdh BjhA fdydh.
nwo t;s{
99
fti'rhh-(j?okB j' e/) r[o{d/t! s{kB ns/ fesh dk eh wsbp<

r[o{d/t-(Ks-u[Zg)
fti'rhh-;zd/j ftBke ;opr ;fsr[o{! nkg fe; uhi B{z
d/yd/ j'J/ tuB eod/ j'<
r[ o{-fti'rh! fggbkd foh d/ gk; [ZX ;z;ekoK tkb/ S/ (6)
irk;{ gj[zu/-;[e/k, ;sekw, ;"oikfJDh, e";b, Gkort ns/
epzXh. ;or[D pqjw dh T[gk;Bk :[es j'J/, fJj ;'ue/ nkJ/ jB fe
;kvh wB'ekwBk fJ; irQk g{oh j' ikt/rh. fJ; bJh jZEK ftZu
G/NktK b?e/ Bweko ehsh. fggbkd B/ nkT[D dk BfwZs g[ZfSnk.
id'A T[BQK B/ jZE i'Ve/ e[M g[ZSD dh nkrk wzrh sK T[Zso ftZu
fggbkd B/ fejk fe-s[;hA sg;k, pqjwuo: s/ oXk :[es j' e/,
w/o/ gk; fJZe ;kb fBtk; eo'. fco nkgDh-nkgDh fJZSk nB[;ko
gqB eoB/, i/ w?A ikDdk j'tKrk sK s[jkB{z dZ; d/tKrk, BjhA sK
fe;/ j'o gk;'A g[ZS bfJU. pVk nB'yk T[Zso j?! fJe ;kb mfjo'
T[j Gh gsk BjhA fe ;kv/ gZb/ ?o g?Dh j? :k BjhA.
j[D d/y' fB;uk! mfjo rJ/ jB s/ fBoD: e'Jh Gh BjhA j?.
fijVh rZb jh fBoD: :[es BjhA j?, T[; tb joes eh< gkrb,
dhtkB/! gq/w ftZu MZb/ j'J/ wfjykB/ u gJh dko{ dk ozr d/y e/ jh
j' G[bkJh p?m/ jB. fe;/ ;[zdo t;s{ bJh so;d/ jB gqzs{ fJj BjhA
gsk fe fwbDh Gh j? :k BjhA< i/ fwbD dh nk; wkb{w BjhA fdzdh
sK nNeD dh eh b'V j?< foh s'A fwb/ T[Zso d/ w[skfpe sK
p[ZXhwkB B{z mfjoBk w[Bk;p BjhA gqzs{ T[j fBok; Gh BjhA pV/ gq;zB
jB. fJ; wfjcb dk e'Jh ok ;wM ftZu nk frnk j? fe ;keh
(foh) p/-fbjk j? :kBh fe;/ Gh nwho-rohp, ks-gks ns/
toD-nkqw dh fbjk s'A fpBK fJ; wfjykB/ ftZu gj[zu/ fe;/ B{z
Gh frbk; Goe/ sK T[;B/ d/ jh d/Dk j?. jK! T[;dh ehws ftZu f;o
ndk eoBk g?Adk j?, ;' fJj rqkje G/Nk b?e/ jk o jh jB.
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
100
fJj sK fJT[A Gk;dk j? fe ue'o dhnK nZyhnK jh uzdqwk ftZu

ofj rJhnK jB, e[M ;'uD dh ;[X jh BjhA ojh. feT[A< b'V jh ;o'to
dh ;h, fgnk; d/ fwND ftZu eh ;z/ j?< i' Gh bzro d/ dotk/ s/
nkfJnk j?, T[; G[Zy/ B{z nzB, jo jkbs ftZu fwbDk jh j?. u[zpe
gZEo d/ Bdhe gj[zfunk j'fJnk b'jk, u fbnk Gh feZE/ ikt/<
fggbkd dk T[ge
'q s rzGho puB nkgDh fBowkDsk, irk;{ d/ fuZs
dh ft / [ Z Xh goyD tkbk j?. eZu/-fgZb/ irk;{, Gbk! fJ; gqeko
d/ puB Bkb mfjoB tkb/ ;B< c"oB ub/ iKd/. gqzs{ BjhA, fgZS/ dk
fnkb G[bk e/ nkJ/ jB. Bk fJj fe;/ d/ jB s/ Bk jh fJBQK dk e'Jh
j?. fJBQK B/ sK t;s{ jh fJZe y'iDh j?, fiZE/ Gh T[j fwb ikJ/ feT[Afe
ofjzdk ihtB, G/Nk jh T[; fgnko/ dh j?.
fgSbh sKx Bk ;z;ko dk ;[y G'rD fdzdh j? s/ BK jh fBZsnkBzd, nksw-o; ftZu wrB j'D fdzdh j?. fJj' fijk d' gk;/ sZeD
tkbk pzdk popkd j' iKdk j?. d' fnkbK tkbk wB[y , fuzsB ftZu
Bk nkT[D tkb/ nkswk B{z ikD fe; soQK bt/rk< fJE/ sK wB jh
r[zw j? ns/ fnkbK dk feo jh eh<
nksw-doB dh fuZs ftZu
sVg, nsh T[Zi`b p[Xh ns/ g{oB ;fsr[o{ dk fwbkg. pZ;, fJBQK
fszBK uhK d/ fJeZm/ j'D dh jh d/oh j?, nksw-doB dh
d/oh BjhA.
nkfrnk w[skfpe S/ (6) irk;{nK B/ fJe ;kb r[od
{ t
/ d/ uoBK
ftZu fBtk; ehsk T[gqzs nkgDh-nkgDh fJZSk w[skfpe gqB ehs/
s/ fggbkd foh d/ T[Zso d`kok feqskoE j' rJ/-e[M Gh eoBk pkeh
Bk fojk feT[Afe T[go'es fszB/ rZbK fJemhnK j' u[ehnK ;B. fJzdhq nK
B{z nZSh soQK nkgD/ nXhB eoe/, ;z;kfoe ftfnK s'A ;dk t?okr
:[es oj'. wjKg[oK B{z ;kyks gqG{ ikD e/, nsh fBzwqsk g{ope ;G
e[M nogD eo d/t' ns/ nkgDhnK us[okJhnK B{z SZv'. fJj ;z;koh
nebK, n;z;koh wkor ftZu ezw BjhA nkT[AdhnK j[zdhnK.
nwo t;s{
101
fJzdqhnK dk ;ziw
fJzdqhnK d/ ;ziw fpBK nohoh nkswk dh gqkgsh bJh ;G
:sB fBcb j' iKd/ jB. ft/-tkBK Bkb gofunk j'fJnk wB[y,
tkBk-jhB nkswk dk eh ftuko eo/rk< pqjwuo: dk fdqVQskg{ope gkbD eo'. oho ns/ fJzdqhnK d/ foN-g[N j'D go Gh,
gk; gJ/ j'J/ ftfnK go s[jkvk wB Bk bbukt/, fJj' fijh wB dh
T[gokw nt;Ek pDkT[. fJj ;'jD/-;'jD/ fdyD tkb/ gdkoE, ib
d/ p[dp[d/ jB i' d/yd/-d/yd/ jh BN j[zd/ ik oj/ jB. eh eo'r/ fJBQK
tb gqhsh g{ope d/ye/< ;[gB/ ftZu gqhsw B{z fezBk x[N-x[N e/ ;hB/
Bkb bkt', ofjDk sK s[jkv/ gk; T[j j? jh BjhA. fgS'A 'e eo'r/, eh
ckfJdk j'J/rk< T[;dh fgnkoh-fgnkoh ;{os, fwZm/- fwZm/ puB
ns/ wB B{z fgnko ftZu ozr d/D tkbh joes :kd eoe/ n?t/A M{o'r/.
fuZs i{b ebgBk ftZu fgnk ofjD Bkb, eh ;[y d/y'r/< Gkoh
d[Zy dk jh nB[Gt eo'r/. fBs ;[y tb nkT[D dh fjzws eo'. fJj'
fijk nftBkh ;kEh pDkU i' ed/ ftS[V/ jh Bk. i' fwbdk s/
ftS[Vdk j?, T[j ;[y s/ d[Zy o{o d/t/rk. T[; ftZu fBZs ofjD
tkbk ;[y j? feZE/< GrtkB efjzd/ jBj/ noiB! i' fJj fJzdqhnK sEk ftfnK d/ ;z:'r Bkb T[sgzB
j'D tkb/ ;G G'r jB, T[j Gkt/A ftJh g[oK B{z ;[y o{g Gk;d/ jB
sK Gh fBo;zd/j d[Zy d/ jh j/s{ jB ns/ nkfd nzs tkb/ noEks
nfBZs jB. fJ; bJh p[ZXhwkB ftt/eh g[o, T[BQK ftZu BjhA owdk.
(rhL nL 5 ;L 22
22))
i' wB[ oho d/ Bk j'D s'A gfjbK jh ekw, eq'X nkfd ftekoK
Bkb T[sgzB j'J/ t/r B{z ;fjD eoB ftZu ;woE j? noEks ekw,
eq'X nkfd ftekoK B{z fi;B/ ;dk bJh fiZs fbnk j?, T[j wB[ fJ;
b'e ftZu i'rh j? ns/ T[jh ;[yh j?.
(rhL nL 5 ;L 23
23))
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
102
j/ e[zsh g[sq! ;odh-rowh ns/ ;[y-d[Zy d/D tkbhnK fJzdqhnK

d/ ftfnK d/ ;zi'r sK fSzB-Gzr[o ns/ nfBZs jB. fJ; bJh j/
Gkos! T[BQK B{z sz{ ;fjD eo.
(rhL nL 2 ;L 14
14))
j/ g[o q/N! d[Zy-;[y nkfd B{z ;wkB ;wMD tkb/, fi; XhoitkB g[o B{z fJj fJzdqhnK d/ ft/ ftnke[b BjhA eo ;ed/, T[j
w[esh bJh :'r j[zdk j?.
(rhL nL 2 ;L 15
15))
j/ noiB! s{z fJzdqhnK B{z t; eoe/, frnkB ns/ ftrkB d/

Bk eoB tkb/ fJ; ekw B{z fBu/-g{ope wko.
(rhL nL 3 ;L 41
41))
wB[ B{z ukjhdk j? fe ;G fJzdqhnK d/ G'rK ftZu fJ;fEs i' okrd`? j?, T[BQK d'jK d/ t; ftZu Bk j't/ feT[Afe d'B'A jh ebkD wkor
ftu ftxB gkT[D tkb/, fJ;d/ wjkB s{q jB.
(rhL nL 3 ;L 34
34))
ftfnK B{z fuzsB eoB tkb/ g[o dh, T[BQK ftfnK ftZu
nk;esh j' iKdh j?. nk;esh Bkb T[BQK ftfnK dh ekwBk T[sgzB
j[zdh j? ns/ ekwBk ftZu ftxB g?D Bkb eq'X T[sgzB j[zdk j?. eq'X
s'A w{VQ Gkt T[sgzB j[zdk j? ns/ w{VQsk Bkb, f;woB esh Gqws
j' iKdh j?. f;zwqsh d/ Gqws j'D Bkb, frnkB esh dk Bk j'
iKdk j? ns/ p[ZXh d/ Bk j'D Bkb, g[o nkgD/ q/: (T[Zsw) ;kXB
s'A fro iKdk j?.
(rhL nL 2 ;L 62-63
62-63))
nksw-doB dh ekwBk tkb/ hxq jh fJzdqhnK ekp{ eoB

feT[Afe fiBQK d/ wB'A ekw, eq'X nkfd wb-d' Bk j' rJ/ jB, T[j
i'rh-iB nkswk dk doB eo ;ed/ jBfJj nkswk ;opdk-;s, sg, ;zwe-frnkB ns/ pqjwuo:
d/ d`kok gqkgs ehsk ik ;edk j?. fi;B{z i'rh-iB d'-jhB d/yd/
jB, T[j i'sh-;ò{g, [ZX nkswk oho d/ Ghso ofjzdk j?.
(w[zL T[L 3 . 1. 5.)
;Gh wB[K B{z nkgDk ihtB d?th r[DK :[es pDk e/ nksw-
nwo t;s{
103
nB[Gt eo b?Dk ukjhJ/. ;wki ftZu wodK ns/ fJ;sqhnK d/ ihtB

dk gqGkt gq;go g?Adk jh j?. fJ; bJh rqfj;Eh b'e, fiBQK B{z fe;/
g{o/ ;fsr[o{ dk fwbkg j' u[ek j't/, T[j, T[BQK dh dZ;h j'Jh :[esh
nB[;ko, nkgD/ fuZs B{z fJZe gqwkswk d/ Bkw ftZu bhB oZyD.
fJ; soQK xo, gqhtko ns/ XB nkfd gdkoEK ftZu ofjzd/ j'J/ Gh
fBob/g, n;zr, gqG{ Bkb nG/d j'fJnk ik ;edk j?. i/ fuZs gqG{gq/w ftZu wrB j? sK T[j ed/ Gh, XB, g[sq nkfd ;zpzXhnK ftZu
yuskJh tkbk BjhA j' ;edkBkBe ;fsr[fo G/fNn? g{oh j't? i[rfs..
j;zfdnk y/bzfdnk g?Bzfdnk yktzfdnk ftu/ j't? w[efs..
(nz r 522
522))
J/j wkfJnk fis[ jfo ft;o? w'j[ T[gi? GkT[ d{ik bkfJnk..
ej? BkBe[ r[o go;kdh fiBk fbt bkrh
fsBh ftu/ wkfJnk gkfJnk..
(nzr 921
921))
fJ;dk wsbp fJj BjhA fe fJ;sqh, XB, g[o nkfd wkfJe
gdkoEK ftZu wB yfus Gh oj/ ns/ gqwkswk dh gqkgsh Gh j' ikt/.
gqkgs T[jh uh j'fJnk eodh j?, fi; ftZu fus bfrnk j[zdk j?.
;z;koe gdkoEK ftu'A fuZs B{z eZYD tkbh ;fsr[o{ dh dZ;h j'Jh
:[esh jh j[zdh j?. i' fuZs ftfnK ftZu'A fBeb fojk j't/ gqzs{ nZr/
e'Jh m'; nkXko Bk gqkgs j'fJnk j't/ sK T[j fpBK nkXko s'A
vktKv'b fJ;fEsh tkbk fejk ikt/rk. fJ; bJh T[;dk nk;ok,
nszs gq/w g{ope gqG{ f;woB eoBk j[zdk j?. gqG{ brB ftZu wrB
wB tkbk, ;G gdkoEK ftZu ofjzdk j'fJnk j;dk, y/bQdk nkfd
feqnktK eodk j'fJnk Gh w[es jh j?. T[;dh w[esh ftZu o[ektN
eh j?< i' o[ektNK ;B, T[j sK ftBk j' u[ZehnK :kBh T[gokw
fuZs B{z geV BjhA ;ehnK. nfijh nt;Ek tkbk, ;G fttjko
eodk j'fJnk Gh ;dk fBob/g jh ofjzdk j?.
104
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
pkjoj[ jT[w? ej? ejkJ/.. nzdoj[ w[es[ b/g[ ed/ B bkJ/..

(nzr 412
412))
fJ; bJh g{o/ gq:sB g{ope fJ;sqh, g[sq, XB s/ wod nkfd

gdkoEK ftZu'A fuZs B{z eZY' feT[Afeg[sq ebsq fro;s ek ck;k.. j'AB[ B gkJhn? okw e/ dk;k..
(nzr 180
180))
g[sq ebsq bSwh wkfJnk.. fJB s/ ej[ etB? ;[y[ gkfJnk..

(nzr 692
692))
gojfo ekw eq'X[ M{m[ fBzdk sfi wkfJnk njzeko[ u[ekt?..

sfi ekw[ ekfwBh w'j[ si? sk nziB wkfj fBoziB[ gkt?..
sfi wkB[ nfGwkB[ gqhfs ;[s dkok
sfi fgnk; nk; okw fbt bkt?..
BkBe ;kuk wfB t;? ;ku ;pfd jfo Bkfw ;wkt?..
(nzr 141
141))
gqhsw nkswk bJh jh ;G e[M

fgnkok brdk j?
;z;koh gdkoE :kBh ft/, ;[sj jh nkgD/ -nkg ftZu fgnko/
BjhA noEks fJBQK dk fgnkokgB, fJBQK ftfnK dk ;[Gk T[ BjhA fezs{
nkgD/ nkswk bJh fgnko/ brd/ jB. ;[sj-f;ZX :kBh ;[Gkfte
sK fgnkok nkgDk nkswk jh j?. ;z;koh gdkoE BjhA. fJj' tiQk j? i'
nkswk nBzd ;ò{g j?, fezs{ ft/ nBzd ;ò{g BjhA jB. i/ ft/
th
nBzd ;ò{g j[zd/ sK ;[y[gsh (r{VQh fBzdqk) ftZu ;[y feT[A j[zdk< :kBh
;[y[gsh ftZu sK e'Jh ;z;koh gdkoE j[d
z / jh BjhA, T[; nt;Ek ftZu
;G T[gdqtK s'A ofjs, nBzd fe; t;s{ dk j?< efjDk jh gt/rk fe
nkswk dk feT[Afe j'o e'Jh gdkoE T[; ;w/A T[ZE/ j? jh BjhA. fJ;h
tk;s/ fBzdqk ;G B{z fgnkoh brdh j?. i/ fe;/ ;[s/ j'J/ gqkDh B{z p[bkT[
nwo t;s{
105
iK yVke nkfd eo' sK T[j d[yh jz[dk j? s/ s/h Bkb nkydk j? feT[A
'o gkfJnk j'fJnk j?< ;"D BjhA fdzd/! wsbp fe T[; B{z nkswkBzd
ftZu pkjob/ 'o dk ftxB j[zdk j?.
g q B -;[y[gsh ftZu j'o e'Jh gdkoE BjhA e/tb nkswk jh
j?, fJ;dk eh ;p{s j?<
T[ Z so
so-;[y[gsh s'A ikr e/ g[o fJj efjzdk j? fe pj[s-;[Zy
Bkb ;[sk, e[M Gh gsk BjhA fojk :kBh fJsBh p/ypoh ojh, Bk
nkgDk oho Gkf;nk s/ Bk jh e'Jh ;z;koh gdkoE. nkgDk oho
ns/ ;z;koh gdkoE jh d[ZyK d/ j/s{ jB noEks fJzdqhnK ns/ T[BQK d/
ft/, pZ; fJsBh jh d`?s j?, fJjh ebgBk dk w{b j?, fJj sK d'B'A jh
BjhA Gk;/. i/ fJj d'B'A jh gqshs BjhA fdZs/ sd T[Zme/ fejk fe
pj[s ;[Zy Bkb ;[sk, e[M Gh ypo BjhA ojh wsbp fe T[; nt;Ek
ftZu e[M j? jh BjhA ;h. gqzs{ fJ; ;[y B{z ikfDnK fe;B/< ikBD
tkbk, d/yD tkbk s/ nB[Gt eoB tkbk fJZe nkswk jh j?. T[;
nkswk B/ T[; tes :kBh ;[y[gsh (r{VQ fBzdqk) ftZu e[M Gh BjhA
d/fynk. d/ydk sK sd i/ T[E/ e[M j[zdk, i?;k fe ;[gB ftZu BkBk
gqeko dk ;z;ko Gk;dk j? s/ T[Zm e/ Gh efjzdk j? fe fJ;-fJ; soQK
dk w?A ;[gBk d/fynk j?. ;[gB ftZu Gh ;[gB d/ gdkoEK B{z d/yD
tkbk-fdqNk nkswk j? s/ ikfrqs ftZu Gh fdqNk nkswk jh j?.
fJ;h gqeko ;[y[gsh ftZu Gh fdqNk T[j nkswk jh j?. fdqNkgBk,
f;tkJ/ nkswk s'A j'o fe;/ wB, fJzdqhnK ns/ oho ftZu j? jh BjhA.
id ;[y[gsh ftZu e'Jh gdkoE jh BjhA ;h sK d/ydk eh< e[M Gh Bk
fdyD d/ ekoB nkswk nkgD/ jh ;ò{g ftZu fpokiwkB fojk ns/
nkswk j? jh nBzd ;ò{g. fJ; bJh ;[y[gsh ftZu i' nBzd j? , T[j
nkswk dk jh j?, fe;/ j'o gdkoE dk BjhA. i/ gdkoEK ftZu'A jh
nBzd fwbdk j't/ sK ;[y[gsh ftZu nBzd BjhA j'Dk ukjhJ/. fJ; bJh
106
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
f;ZX j[zdk j? fe nBzd gdkoEK ftZu BjhA, nkswk jh nBzd ;ò{g

j?. fJ; ftZu r[opkDh, t/d ns/ k sq nkfd d/ ;?AeV/ gqwkD jB. jo
fJZe g[o dk nkgDk nB[Gth gqsZy gqwkD Gh j? fe ;[y[gsh ftZu
e'Jh gdkoE BjhA, sd Gh nBzd j?. fJ; bJh ;[y[gsh fgnkoh brdh
j?, feT[Afe fgnkok sK fJe nkgDk nkswk jh j?. i/ e'Jh ;z;koh
t;s{ fgnkoh brdh Gh j? sK T[j e/tb nkgD/-nkg/, nkswk
tk;s/ jh brdh j?, T[j fgnko T[; t;s{ ftZu BjhA fezs{ nkgD/
;ò{g nkswk ftZu jh j?.
;wkXh nt;Ek ftZu Gh J/jh rZb j?, UE/ fejVk ;z;koh gdkoE
j?< wB, i' BkBk gqeko dh ouBk eoB tkbk j? T[j ;[y[gsh ftZu
nkgD/ ekoB nfrnkB ftZu bhB j' iKdk j? s/ ;wkXh nt;Ek
ftZu nkswk ftZu bhB j' e/ nksw-;ò{g jh j' iKdk j?, fJjh
;[y[gsh ns/ ;wkXh nt;Ek dk G/d j?. ;z;ko dh ngqshsh d'jK
nt;EktK ftZu s[Zb j? fezs{ ;[y[gsh ftZu ;z;ko dk phi nfrnkB
ofjzdk j? ns/ ;wkXh ftZu BjhA. T[ZE/ e/tb nkswk jh ;`:z-gqek
j'D eoe/ fpokiwkB ofjzdk j?. T[; nt;Ek ftZu id fe fuZs
nkswk ftZu v[Zp iKdk j?, fesBk nkBzd j?! T[j, wB ns/ pkDh dk
ft: jh BjhA :kBh fejk BjhA ik ;edk. ;z;koh ft/ sK T[E/ j? jh
BjhA fco fJsBk nefj nBzd fe; t;s{ dk j?< efjDk jh gt/rk
fe nkswk dk. ;kXe, pkozpko T[; nt;Ek B{z ukj[d
z k j? feT[Afe T[j
nt;Ek nBzd Bkb Gog{o j?. fJ; bJh jo gqeko nkgDk nkswk jh
fgnkok j?. fgnkok fJ; ekoB brdk j? fe T[j nBzd-;ò{g j?.
j[D d/y' ;z;koh gdkoEK dk fgnko HHHHHHHH
fJ;sqh B{z fiT[A nkgDk gsh fgnkok brdk j?, T[j gsh d/ ;[y
tk;s/ BjhA fezs{ nkgD/ ;[y tk;s/ gsh Bkb fgnko eodh j?. i/
gsh d/ ;[y tk;s/ fJ;sqh fgnko eodh j't/ sK fi;dk gsh fe;/
nwo t;s{
107
fpwkoh d/ ekoB iK fe;/ j'o ekoB fJ;sqh dh wB'ekwBk g{oh Bk eo

;edk j't/, T[j fJ;sqh gsh Bkb fdb'A fgnko BjhA eodh feT[Afe
T[; B{z ;[Zy BjhA fwbdk. i/eo gsh fe;/ j'o fJ;sqh Bkb fgnko
eodk j?, pdubB j?, ewkJh BjhA eodk, okp s/ i{nk nkfd n?pK
ftZu XB popkd eodk j?, T[; Bkb th fJ;sqh fgnko BjhA eodh
feT[Afe T[;B{z gsh gk;'A ;[Zy BjhA fwb fojk. i/ T[j fJ;sqh gsh d/
;[Zy tk;s/ fgnko eodh j't/ sK Gkt/A gsh gokJh fJ;sqh d/ e'b ike/
;[yh j[zdk j't/, okp s/ i{nk nkfd n?pK ftZu nkBzd wkDdk j't/ sK
T[; B{z y[bQ/ s"o s/ ikD d/t/, o'edh feT[A j?< pbfe T[;dh gq;zBsk
tk;s/ T[;dh wdd eo/ sK fe gsh gq;zB oj/ gqzs{ e'Jh Gh fJ;sqh n?;k
BjhA eodh Gkt/A T[; fJ;sqh dk fnkb gsh d/ n?p jNkT[D dk j?.
fJ; bJh gq/w BjhA eodh feT[Afe n?ph g[[o gq/w d/ bkfJe BjhA j[zdk
gqzs{ ftZu S[fgnk j'fJnk wsbp sK nkgD/ jh ;[Zy dk j[zdk j? feT[Afe
i' ;q/N nkuoD :[es, ;G n?pK s'A ofjs g[o j?, T[j Gh i/ fJ;sqh
dh woh w[skfpe Bk j't/ :kBh i?;k ;[Zy T[j ukj[zdh j? Bk fdzdk j't/,
ed/ Gh gq/w BjhA eodh. fJ; s'A f;ZX j[zdk j? fe fJ;sqh, gsh Bkb
fgnko eodh j? sK nkgD/ ;[Zy tk;s/ :kBh nkgD/ nkg dh gq;zBsk
bJh, i/ nkgDk nkg gq;zB BjhA j[zdk sK fgnko eodh jh BjhA. fJ;h
soQK gsh dk, gsBh gqsh fttjko ;wM'.
wksk fgsk i/ nkgD/ g[Zsq Bkb fgnko eod/ jB sK e/tb
nkgD/-;[Zy tk;s/ feT[Afe fi; dk g[Zsq BkbkfJe j?, ewkJh BjhA
eodk pbfe xo'A o[gJ/ fbike/ pkjo n? T[vkT[Adk j? s/ j'o eJh
soQK dhnK pdc?bhnK eodk j?, T[; g[Zsq Bkb wksk fgsk fgnko
BjhA eod/. i/ g[Zsq d/ ;[Zy tk;s/ fgnko eod/ j'D sK T[j fi;
nkuoD :[es ofj fojk j? ofjD d/D feT[Afe T[; B{z T[; ftZu ;[Zy
j? fco feT[A wBQK eod/ jB< T[;dk ;[y g{ok j'D d/D. gqzs{ BjhA, e'Jh
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
108
Gh n?;k BjhA eodk feT[Afe wksk fgsk dk nkgDk wsbp g{ok

BjhA j[zdk. p/e wksk fgsk dk fnkb g[Zsq dk frfonk j'fJnk
ihtB T[Zuk eoB dk j?, go i' g[Zsq ;q/N nkuoD d/ :[es, nkgDk
ihtB pshs eodk j? gqzs{ wksk fgsk dh fJZSk w[skfpe i/ T[;
gk;'A ;[Zy BjhA fwbdk sK T[; g[Zsq Bkb Gh wksk fgsk fgnko BjhA
eod/. fJ; bJh wksk fgsk fgnko eod/ jB sK e/tb nkgD/ ;[Zy
tk;s/ jh, g[Zsq bJh BjhA. fJ;h soQK g[Zsq, fwZsq ns/ ;zpzXh nkfd
fisB/ Gh jB, ;G nkgD/ ;[Zy tk;s/ gq/w eod/ jB, e'Jh Gh d{i/ d/
;[Zy tk;s/ BjhA eodk. fi; ohsh Bkb fi;dk nkgDk-nkg gq;zB
j' ;edk j't/, T[j T[jh Yzr tosdk j?. e'Jh Gh fe;/ dk BjhA, ;G
iht ;`koE tZ; j'e/ fJZe d{i/ Bkb i[V/ j'J/ jBngB/ ;[y f;T[ jh ir[ cKfXU e' ekj{ e' Bkjh..
(nzr 634
634))
irs w? M{mh d/yh gqhfs..

ngB/ jh ;[y f;T[ ;G bkr/ fenk dkok fenk whs..
(nzr 536
536))
fJT[A jh ;ko/ ;z;koh gdkoEK pko/ ikD b?Dk i' nkgD/ jh nkswk
bJh fgnko/ brd/ jB, ftfnK ftZu ;[Gkfte fgnko BjhA j[zdk. i/
ftfnK ftZu ;[Zy, ftfnK dk nkgDk Xow (;[Gkt) j't/ fit/A
nZr dk Xow j?-dkj eoBk s/ gqek eoBk, i' ;G bJh fJZe' fijk
jh j? feT[Afe nZr j? jh fJ; soQK dh Gkt/A fe;/ d/ ftZu j't/,
fJ;dk fJjh ;[GkT[ j? fsT[A jh ;z;koh gdkoEK dk ;[GkT[ i/ ;[Zy;ò{g j't/ sK gdkoE ;kfonK B{z jh ;[Zy-;ò{g Gk;D, gqzs{ n?;k j?
BjhA, d/y'ekwh g[o, fJ;sqh B{z wjkB ;[Zy dk ;kXB wzBdk j? gqzs{ gqG{ Grsh
ftZu bZfrnk j'fJnk fsnkrh g[o, T[; B{z wjkB d[ydkJh ;wMe/
gqj/ eodk j?. XB, g[Zsq nkfd gdkoEK B{z ;z;koh b'e nsh ;[ydkJh
nwo t;s{
109
ns/ nkgD/ gqkDK s'A Gh tXhe fgnko/ ;wMd/ jB gqs

z { gqhsh ftZu v[Zp/
j'J/ wB tkbk T[BKQ B{z eK dh fpZm s[Zb, s[ZS ;wMdk j?. XB, gdkoE
nkfd u'oh j' ikD go nfrnkBh wB[Z nsh d[yh j[zd/ jB, gzqs{ gqG{ dk
gqw
/ h frqj;E ftZu ofjzdk j'fJnk Gh gqG{ dk j[ew wzBe/, T[;h soQK
gfjbK tKr{z nBzd ftZu jh ofjzdk j?. fJ;sqh, g[Zsq, gsh s/ j'o ;zpX
z hnK
d/ wo ikD go, nfrnkBh iht d[Zy ftZu nkgDh jkbs woB d/ s[Zb
pDk b?Ad/ jB gqs
z { gqG{ dk Grs gqG{ dk j[ew wBe/ nv'b wB tkbk
ofjzdk j?, ;[gB s[Zb ;wMe/ oZsh Go th 'e BjhA eodk. nfrnkBh
iht nZS/-nZS/ p;sq s/ i/to nkfd gfjBD ftZu nsh ;[y wzBd/ jB
gqzs{ gqG{ brB tkbk f;tkJ/ oho YeD s'A j'o e'Jh Gh ;[Zy BjhA
;wMdk. T[; B{z i?;k fwb frnk t?;k jh gqkoZpX (g{opb/ eowK d/ cb)
w[skfpe ;wM e/ nkBzd wrB ofjzdk j?.
nhw, Gzr, okp s/ g';s nkfd nwbK dk fJ;s/wkb eoB
tkb/, fJBQK s'A fpBK gqkD fdzd/ jB gqzs{ d{i/ ftukohb g[o fJBPK
nwbK s'A ;s goj/ eod/ jB. ukj ghD tkbk, ukj fpBK ofj
Bj] ;edk s/ d{ik g[o bZ;h B{z jh nZSh ;wMdk W, ukj B{z w{zj
Bj] bkT[Adk. fJ;h gqeko ukj ghD tkbk, bZ;h B{z Bos dh fBrkj
Bkb sZedk W. fJT[A ;ko/ jh ;z;koh gdkoEK ftZu'A i' gdkoE fJZe
B{z ;[ydkJh Gk;dk W, T[jh d{i/ B{z d[ydkJh. fi; gdkoE Bkb
fi;dk nkgDk fuZs gq;zB j[zdk W, T[;h Bkb gq/w eodk W s/ fi;
Bkb d[Zy wfj;{; j[zdk W, T[; Bkb d`? eodk W. i/ gdkoE jh ;[Zy;ò{g j[zd/ sK ;kfonK B{z ;[ydkJh Gk;d/. gdkoEK ftZu ;[Zy W Bj],
fJj f;o wB dh wB"s W. fi; gdkoE ftZu ;[Zy wzfBnk j'fJnk
W, T[j ;[ydkJh Gk;dk W s/ d{ik d[ydkJh. fJ; ftZu fJj rZb
fBo;z: f;ZX j' iKdh W fe ft/, ;[sj (ngD/ nkg) fgnko/ Bj]
nkgDk nkswk jh fgnkok W feT[Afe nkswk B{z y[ eoB tk;s/
110
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
ftfnK ftZu gqhsh ehsh iKdh W noEks ftfnK ftZu gqhsh dk

gq:'iB nkgD/ nkswk dh gq;zBsk jh W.
fi;B/ T[j nkswk gzi :k S/ c[ZN nkfd oho d/ nkeko fizBk e[
jh ;wfMnk j'fJnk W, T[j wB[Zy fJsB/ e[ jh nkswk d/ gq;zB eoB
kso, fe;/ Bkb fgnko eodk W s/ fe;/ Bkb d`?. fi; frnkBtkB
B/ nkgD/ nkswk B{z pqjw ;ò{g ikfDnk W, T[j ;kfonK ohoK ftZu
nkgD/ jh nkswk B{z d/ye/, fpBK wsbp gqhsh eodk W. e'Jh Gh
;`koE Bk j'D eoe/, T[; dh gqhsh fBekw j[zdh j?. feT[Afe id
ftnkge pqjw B{z nkgDk nkswk ;wMdk W :kBh nkgD/ s'A fpBK
e'Jh W jh Bj] sK fJZSk fe; t;s{ dh j't/< fe; dh gqkgsh Bk j'D
ekoB sVg/ s/ fe; dh gqkgsh Bkb y[ j't/< T[j ;dk jh nkgD/
ftnkge nkswk dh gqhsh ftZu v[Zp iKdk W. fiBPK ftfnK B{z
nkgD/ nkswk s'A i[dk ikD e/, nkswk dh gq;zBsk bJh gqhsh
eodk ;h s/ nkgD/ nkswk dh ngq;zBsk dk ekoB ikD e/, goj/
eodk ;h, T[j ;ko/ jh ;z;koe ft/, nksw-;ò{g Gk;D bZr iKd/
jB. fJ; bJh T[BPK ftfnK dh gqkgsh s/ ngqkgsh, Bk fJZSk s/ Bk
nfBZSk sEk Bk jh gq;zBsk Bk ngq;zBsk j[zdh W. ;G e[ZM nkswk
j'D d/ ekoB fgnkok-fgnkok jh bZrdk W, feT[Afe nkgDk nkswk
sK W jh fgnkok, T[; dh gq;zBsk bJh ;ko/ gq:sB jB. T[j nkswk
;dk gq;B
z oj/, fJ; fJZSk tkb/ gqG{ gqw
/ h Grs iB, ;G ;z;koh fJZSktK
B{z SZv e/, nkgD/ nkswk B{z jh gqhsh eoB tkb/ j[zd/ jB. nkgD/
nkswk dh gqhsh eod/-eod/, nkgD/ fgnko/ nkswk B{z ;qpZsq
d/yD bZr iKd/ jB. fco fi; gk;/ Gh Bo T[mkT[Ad/ jB- ;Zi/-yZp/,
;kwQD/-fgZS/ s/ T[Zgo-Bhu/ nkfd nkgDk jh nkswk fdykJh fdzdk
W, fco ed gqhsh N[ZNdh W< r[o{ wjkoki efjzd/ jBbkrh gqhfs B s{N? w{b/.. jfo nzsfo pkjfo ofjnk Gog{o/..
(nzr 105
105))
nwo t;s{
111
fJj W nuZb s/ ;Zuh gqhsh. fJ; gqeko ft/, ;[sj (ngD/ nkg)
fgnko/ Bj] fezs{ nkgD/ nkswk bJh fgnko/ brd/ jB.
fe;/ d/ wekB B{z nZr bZr ikJ/ sK T[j e'f eodk W fe
nZSk-nZSk ;kwkB, XB-gdkoE, nkfd gfjbK eZY fbnk ikJ/.
i/ Bj] fBebdk sK S/sh Bkb nkgDh fJ;sqh s/ g[Zsq nkfd eZYD
dh e'f eodk W. i/ nZr fnkdk GVe e/ ekp{ s'A pkjo j' ikt/
sK c"oB Skb wkoe/ ;G e[ZM ftZu/ SZv e/, nkg pkjo fBeb iKdk
W. fJ; ftZu ;gN j' iKdk W fe nkgDk jh nkswk ;G Bkb'A
fgnkok W. T[; nkgD/-nkg :kBh nkswk bJh jh ;G e[ZM fgnkok
brdk W.
nkgD/ nsh fgnko/ nkswk ftZu ;dk fNe/ ofjD ykso tZv/tZv/ ueqtosh oki/, nkgDk oki-Gkr SZve/, pBK ftZu ofjD
bZr rJ/. fe;/ ekwb w[od d/ T[gd/ d[nkok nkgD/ nkswk B{z
ikD e/, T[;dh nsh r{VQh gqhsh ftZu v[Zp/ ofjD kso jh ;G e[ZM
SZv e/ ub/ rJ/.
i' fJ; rZb B{z ;wMdk W fe e'Jh Gh t;s{ ;[Zy-;ò{g Bj] :kBh
;[Zy-;ò{g sK nkgDk jh nkswk W, T[j fe;/ g{o/ ;fsr[o{ dh dZ;h
:[esh B{z nzrheko eoe/, xo ftZu ofjzdk j'fJnk th ;z;koh ftfnK
s'A n?;k fBob/g j' iKdk W fiT[A ewb dk c[Zb ib ftZu ofjzdk
j'fJnk Gh ;dk fBob/g W. xo-pko B{z SZv e/ gdkoEK dk w'j SZv
fdZsk ikJ/ nEtk xo ftZu ofjzd/ j'J/ jh, gdkoEK ftZu yuskJh
SZv fdZsh ikJ/, fJZe' jh rZb W, gqzs{ fJBPK ftfnK ftZu gqhsh
oZyD tkbk Bk e'Jh xo ftZu ofjzdk nkswkBzd B{z gqkgs j' ;edk
W s/ Bk jh xo-pko SZve/ pBK ftZu ofjD tkbk. feT[Afe ft/,
fwqrfsqBk d/ ib tKr{z e/tb gqshs jh j[zd/ jB, tk;st ftZu e[ZM
t;s{ Bj]. nDj'J/ ftfnK dh gqhsh dk cb Gh nDj'fJnk jh W
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
112
:kBh n?t/A gqshsh wksq jh W. fiT[A ;[gB d/ gdkoEK B{z e'Jh fezBK
jh x[ZN-x[ZN e/ rb Bkb bkt/, nZy y[bQD dh d/oh W Bk e'Jh
gdkoE s/ Bk jh x[ZN e/ rb Bkb bkT[D tkbk oho W, n?t/A Gow
d/ ekoB ft/ s/ ftfnK B{z G'rD tkb/ oho Gk;d/ jB. fsT[A jh
fJj ;kwQD/ fdykJh d/D tkb/ ft/ Gh jB :kBh ikfrqs d/ ft/ Gh
;[gB Bkb'A fezus fpbZSD (fGzB) Bj].
fizBK-fizBK fuZs fJBQK ftfnK ftZu'A fBZefbnk j'fJnk j't/rk
T[sBk-T[sBk jh gqG{ gqhsh ftZu bhB j't/rk. fijVk ;dk jh gqG{
gqhsh ftZu fNfenk ofjDk ukj/, T[j ;z;koh gdkoEK dk w'j :kBh
nk;esh SZv d/t/. jK! fttjko ubkT[D kso n?eNoK (ndkekoK)
dh soPK nkgDk i' gkoN j't/ T[; B{z g{ok ndk eodk oj/. gqzs{ fuZs
dh brB nkgD/ nsh fgnko/ nkswk tkfjr[o{ ftZu jh oZy/ feT[Afe
gqhsh d/ bkfJe f;tkJ/ r'fpzd gqG{ s'A j'o e'Jh Gh Bj] W. i/ ;z;ko
ftZu fe;/ fJ;sqh iK g[o Bkb gqhsh ehsh Gh ikJ/ sK T[j gqhsh
j[zdh W nkgDh gq;zBsk kso gqzs{ nkgD/ gq/wh B{z fgnko eod/ ;w/A
fJT[A fejk iKdk W few?A s/o/ fpBK ofj Bj] ;edk, s/o/ s[Zb w?B{z e'Jh Gh fgnkoh t;s{
Bj] W, s/ok ft:'r sK w/o/ gqkD jh sw eo d/D tkbk W, s?B{z d/y/
fpBK w?B{z u?B jh Bj] nkT[Adh, s{z pj[s jh fgnkok WA sEk s{z w/o/
gqkDk dk ;jkok WA, fJfsnkfde fwZmhnK-fwZmhnK rZbK gq/wh nkgD/
gqhsw Bkb eodk W. gqzs{ fJj puB fpbe[b egN :[es (X'y/ Go/)
jB feT[Afe gqhsh sK T[j nkgD/ ;[Zy bJh eodk W s/ skoh sK W
fe fJj w/o/ nB[e{b :kBh ;[Zy d/D dk ekoB pfDnk oj/ ns/ fi;
Bkb gqhsh ehsh iKdh W, T[;d/ wB ftZu th S[fgnk j'fJnk fJjh
ok W fe fJj w/oh woh w[skfpe pfDnk oj/. fJ; bJh, T[j Gh
y{p gqhsh eodk W. wsbp d'jK d/ fuZsK ftZu nkgD/ ;[Zy dk jh W
nwo t;s{
113
gqzs{ T[Zgo'A pks-uhs nfijh W i' wkB'A ;G e[ZM nkgD/ gqhsw bJh
jh eodk W, ;' fJj W ;z;koh gqhsh. fBekw gqhsh sK e'Jh gqG{ dk gq/wh
jh eo ;edk W feT[Afe gqG{ gq/wh fpBK, fBekwsk ;zGt Bj].
;z;koh wB[ZK ftZu e'Jh Bk e'Jh ekwBk ofjzdh jh W. r'fpzd d/
fgnko/, fBekw j'D d/ ekoB ;G Bkb ;Zuh gqhsh eod/ jB s/ e'Jh
y`kfj Bk j'D d/ ekoB, T[j gqhsh N[ZNdh Bj]. fi; B{z e'Jh fJZSk jh
Bj], T[j fe; fJZSk dh g{osh ftZu ewh ofjD Bkb, gqhsh ftZu
coe d/y/rk< T[; dh gqhsh sK nkgD/ jh nkswk Bkb W. nkgDk
jh nkswk g[o-fJ;sqh, g{-gzSh s/ pB-fsqD nkfd o{gK ftZu
g;fonk j'fJnk pqjw W. fi; Bkb Gh gqhsh W, T[j nkgD/ jh
nkswk Bkb W. fJZe jh nkswk ;G d/jK ftZu j'D d/ ekoB, T[j
;kohnK d/jK nkgDhnK jh jB. nkgDh d/j dk e'Jh Gh nfBN
Bj] ukj[zdk :kBh p[ok Bj] sZedk. ;w-fdqNh Bkb g{oB frnkBh
g[o, gdkoEK B{z nkgD/ s'A i[dk ikD e/, nkgD/ jh nkswk bJh
gqhsh Bj] eod/, fezs{ nfrnkBh iht jh nkgD/ s'A i[dk gdkoEK B{z
nkgD/ ;wMe/ nkgD/ nB[e{b gdkoE Bkb gqhsh s/ gqshe{b Bkb
d`? eod/ jB, fJ; bJh d[yh-;[yh j[zd/ ofjzd/ jB. ftubh S[gh j'Jh
tk;fsè pks B{z Bk ikBD d/ ekoB gdkoEK ftZu ;[Zy dh GqKsh
j[zdh j?. fJ; gqeko dh GqKsh-:[es ;[Zy, k;sq B/ fszB gqeko dk
wzfBnk W- fgq:, w'd ns/ gqw'dfJN t;s{ d/ doB dk ;[Zy :kBh fi; t;s{ B{z fuZs ukj[zdk
j?, T[;dk e/tb doB jh j' ikDk fgq: ;[Zy j?. doB s'A gfjbK
T[; t;s{ bJh gq:sBhb fuZs ftnke[b ofjzdk j? s/ fuZs fpqsh
nsh ftnke[b ofjD d/ ekoD, d[Zy dk nB[Gt j[zdk j?. :sB eod/eod/ id T[j t;s{ e/tb fdykJh jh fdzdh j? sK T[j ftnke[b s/
uzub fpqsh fNe iKdh j? feT[Afe T[; t;s{ bJh jh fpqsh ftZu
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
114
uzubsk nkJh ;h. T[; fNeh j'Jh nt;Ek nzdo nkswk ;gN j'
iKdk j? noEks nkswk dk gqshfpzp fiT[A dk fsT[A ;k-;k
Gk;dk j? s/ nkswk j? jh nBzd-;ò{g, nfijk nkswk dk nBzd
gqrN j' iKdk j?. pV/ ;[Zy dk nB[Gt j[zdk j? gqzs{ nfrnkBh ihtK B{z
G[b/yk brdk j? fe fJ; t;s{ d/ d/yD wksq s'A w?B{z nBzd nkfJnk j?
noEks fJj t;s{ jh ;[ydkJh j?.
go fJj ;[Zy e[ZM ekb jh ofjzdk j?, ssg;uks T[; t;s{ dh
gqkgsh dh fJZSk T[sgzB j' e/ fpqsh fco ftnke[b j' iKdh j?. fJ;
fpqsh dh uzub nt;Ek ftZu Gkt/A T[j t;s{ ;kwQD/ fdykJh fdzdh
oj/, e[ZM Gh ;[Zy BjhA feT[Afe fpqsh dk T[j fNekT[ fi; ftZu fe
nkswk gqrN Gk;dk ;h, iKdk ofjzdk j?, fJ; ekoB ;[Zy dk nB[Gt
BjhA j[zdk.
fiT[A fe;/ gkDh d/ Go/ j'J/ y[bQ/ posB ftu ;{oi dk ne; g?Adk
j?, i/ T[j gkDh jtk d`kok fjbdk j't/ sK ne; ;gN BjhA Gk;dk
s/ i/ gkDh fNfenk j'fJnk j't/ sK ;{oi dk gqshfpzp ;k-;k
fdydk j?. fsT[A jh oho posB j?, nzsjeoD gkDh j?, fJZSk jtk
j? s/ nkswk dk ;{oi dh fBnkJhA ne; g?Adk j?. id T[j fe;/ fJZSk
d/ ekoB wB ftnke[b j[zdk j?, T[; uzub nt;Ek nzdo nkswk
dk gqshfpzp ;gN Bk Gk;D d/ ekoB, ;[Zy dk nB[Gt j'D dh
pikJ/ d[Zy dk nB[Gt j[zdk j?. T[j fJZSk fi; bJh fuZs uzub j?
id g{oh j[zdh j? sK fuZs fNe iKdk j? ns/ nkswk ;gN fdykJh
d/D brdk j? :kBh nktoD s'A ofjs j' iKdk j? (fJj nktoD {B
nt;Ek fSzB wksq bJh jh j[zdh j? fiT[A gkDh ok e[ fNe e/ fco
fjZbD bZr gJ/) T[; ;gN nt;Ek ftZu nkBzd dk nB[Gt j[zdk
j? feT[Afe nkswk nBzd ;ò{g j? gzqs{ w{oy iht B{z fJj gdkoE jh
;[Zy ;ò{g jB G[b/yk brdk j?. fJ; ;[Zy B{z w'd efjzd/ jB.
nwo t;s{
115
fJj ;[Zy, e[ZM ekb nB[Gt j[zdk ofjzdk j? fco T[; t;s{ d/
fJ;s/wkb eoB dh fJZSk ikr g?Adh j?, fi; Bkb wB T[; t;s{ B{z
;/tB eoB d/ :sB ftZu bZr e/ uzub j' iKdk j?. T[j t;s{
fi;dh gqkgsh j'D Bkb pVh gq;zBsk j'Jh ;h Gkt/A gk; jh gJh j?
fezs{ ;[Zy BN j' iKdk j?, feT[Afe ;[Zy-;ò{g nkswk sK fpqsh d/
fNekT[ ekb ftZu jh ;gN Gk;dk j? s/ nkBzd gqrN j[zdk j?. T[j
fpqsh dk fNekT[ jh id Bk fojk s/ ;[Zy feZE'A< e'f eod/-eod/
id T[; t;s{ B{z ;/tB eoB dk w"ek fwfbnk sK fpqsh s[os
z fJ;fEs
j' iKdh j?. T[; fJ;fEsh ekb ftZu nkBzd-;òg
{ nkswk dk nkBzdgqrN j' iKdk j? s/ w{oy wB[Zy B{z G[b/yk brdk j? fe fJ; t;s{ d/
;/tB Bkb w?B{z pVk nkBzd nkfJnk :kBh t;s{ jh nkBzd ;ò{g j?.
i/ T[j t;s{ jh nBzd ;ò{g j[zdh sK ed/ nBzd tkbh s/ ed/ nBzd
s'A ofjs feT[A Gk;dh< nZr ;dk jh jo irQk dkj eoB tkbh s/
gqek eoB tkbh ofjzdh j? noEks fJj nZr dk ;[GkT[ d{o BjhA
j[zdk. fJj BjhA fe T[j nZr ed/ mzYh s/ ed/ sZsh j' iKdh j?. t;s{
dk ;[GkT[ t;s{ d/ Bkb jh ofjD tkbk j?. i/ ft/, nBzd-;ò{g jh
j'D sK fJBQK dk ;[GkT[ jh nBzd tkbk j't/ fco ed/ ;[ZydkJh s/ ed/
d[ZydkJh Gk;D feT[A< T[jh t;s{ i' fJ; fSzB ftZu nBzd tkbh
wkb{w fdzdh j?, T[j d{i/ fSzB ftZu d[y tkbh feT[A Gk;dh j?< T[jh
fgnkok-fgnkok fwZsq nB[e{b j'D d/ ekoB wjkB ;[ydkJh Gk;dk
j? s/ fe;/ ekoB gqshe{b j' ikD go, s{q fjo d/ s[Zb feT[A
Gk;dk j?< fJ; soQK fJj ;gN j' iKdk j? fe nB[e{b gdkoEK Bkb
fpqsh fNe iKdh j? s/ nkswk dk nBzd gqrN j' iKdk j?. gqshe{b
Bkb fpqsh uzub j' iKdh j? s/ ;[Zy-;ò{g nkswk go uzubskJh dk
nktoD nk ikD d/ ekoB d[Zy Gk;dk j?, fJ; bJh gdkoE ;[Zy;ò{g BjhA, ;[Zy-;ò{g sK nkgDk nkswk jh j?.
116
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
nkswkBzd dk gqrN j'Dk :k Bk j'Dk fJj d'B'A jh nkswk ftZu

BjhA pDd/ fezs{ gqekwkB ;{oi d/ nZr/ pZdbK d/ nk ikD ns/ jN
ikD tKr{z fJZSk d`kok fpqsh d/ uzub j' ikD ns/ fJZSk ofjs
nt;Ek nzdo fpqsh d/ fNZe ikD Bkb, nksw nBzd dk gqrN
j'Dk :k Bk j'Dk Gk;dk j?. nkswk sK ;dk fJZe o; ns/ nBzd;ò{g jh j?. p[ZXhwkB B{z ukjhJ/ i' ;ko/ jh ;z;koh gdkoEK dk w'j
SZve/, nkgD/ nkswk B{z tkfjr[o{ Bkb nG/d ikDe/ gqhsh eo/.
gqhsh d/ bkfJe fJZe gqG{ jh j? i' ;G dk nkgDk nkg :kBh
nkswk j' e/ gqrN j' fojk j?, j'o e'Jh Gh gdkoE BjhA.
fBowkDsk nkfd ;kXB

;z;ko B{z jh pkozpko d/D tkfbnK d[Zy o{g t;s{nK s'A T[gokw j'
e/ fBZs-;[Zy o{g nksw gqkgsh dh fJZSk tkb/ j/m fby/ nwkfBs`
nkfd ;kXBK d/ :[es j'D dk shpo gq:sB eoB feT[Afe fJ;
;kXB ;w[dkfJ d/ gokfJD j'fJnk wB[Z, nkswk B{z ikBD :'r
pD iKdk j?. fJj frnkB dk ;kXB j'D d/ ekoB frnkB Bkw
d`kok jh eEB ehsk frnk j?. T[j ;kXB fJj jB1.
nwkfBs`-nkgDk tZvkgB gqrN Bk eoBk.
2.
ndzGs`-gkyzv g{ope e'Jh nkuoD Bk eoBk.
3.
nfjz;k-fe;/ Gh gqkDh B{z wB, pkDh s/ oho eoe/ eN Bk d/Dk.
4.
fywk-d{finK d/ ngokX d/ye/ Gh T[BQK dk p[ok Bk fustDk.
5.
nkoit-;obsk, e[Nbsk ofjs j'Dk.
6.
nkuko: T[gk;Bk-w[esh d/ ;kXBK dk T[gd/ eoB tkb/

r[o{ dh jo gqeko Bkb ;/tk eoBk.
7.
"u-ohoe w?b B{z fwZNh s/ ib nkfd Bkb ;kc eoBk ns/

nzsjeoD d/ okr-d`? nkfd w?b B{z ftuko g{ope d{o eoBk.
nwo t;s{
8.
nzsjeoD dh fJ;fEsh pDkJh oZyDk.
9.
wB ns/ fJzdqhnK d/ ;fjs oho dk ekp{ eoBk.
117
10. fJzdqhnK d/ pd, ;go, o{g, o; ns/ rzX nkfd ftfnK

ftZu t?okr XkoB eoBk.
11. njzeko dk nGkt eoBk.
12. iBw, fwqs{, iok, o'r ns/ d[ZyK ftZu noEks iBw s'A b?e/
w"s d/ d[Zy go:zs, ;GBK ftZu nbr d'K dk d/yDk.
13. nBk;esh-xo, gqhtko ns/ XB nkfd ftZu brkT[ Bk j'Dk.
14. nBfG`zrk-w'j-wwsk dk Bk j'Dk.
15. fgq:, nfgq: dh gqkgsh ftZu ;dk jh fuZs dk ;w ofjDk
noEks wB d/ nB[e{b sEk gqhe{b gqkgs j'D go joy, 'e
nkfd ftekoK dk Bk j'Dk.
16. Jhò ftZu J/eh fpqsh Bkb, fJ;fEsh o{g fXnkB-:'r d/
d`kok nftGukoh Grsh :kBh gow/o s'A go/ e'Jh Gh BjhA j?,
T[jh ;kvh gow-rsh j?, fJ; gqeko dh i' fB;fus nftuZb
p[ZXh j?, T[jh nBzB :'r j?, T[;d/ :[es j' e/ GiB eoBk jh
nftGukoBh Grsh j?.
17. J/eKs ns/ [ZX d/ ftZu ofjD dk ;[GkT[ j'Dk.
18. ft/ nk;es wB[ZK d/ ;w[dkfJ ftZu gq/w Bk j'Dk.
19. nXksw frnkB ftZu fBZs-fJ;fEsh :kBh fi; frnkB
d`kok nkswk d/ nBkswk dk gsk brdk j?, T[; nXksw
frnkB d/ ftZu fBZs ekfJw ofjDk.
20. sZs`-frnkB d/ noE o{g gqwkswk B{z jh ;G gk;/ d/yDk.
nwkfBs` s'A b?e/ fJZE/ sZe ;kok ;kXB ;w[dkfJ frnkB dk
gow ;kXB j?. fJ; s'A ftgohs :kBh T[bN wkB, dzG, fjz;k s/
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
118
njzeko nkfd ntr[D ;w[dkfJ ;z;ko ftZu gqftos eoB dk ekoB

j'D s/ fsnkr d/Dk ukjhJ/ feT[Afe T[j ;kok nfrnkB j?.
(rhL nL 13 ;L 7 s'A 11)
fJ; gqeko T[gq'es ;kXB ;w[dkfJ d/ :[es j' e/, nkgD/ fBZs
;[Zy-o{g nkswk dk nB[Gt eo', fJ; ftZu ;zk BjhA j?. ;Zuh rZb
sK fJj j? fe id Gh s[;hA ;kwQD/ fdyD tkb/, nfBZs ;z;ko B{z fuZs
ftZu'A eZY'r/ sd jh nkgD/ nkswk-pqjw B{z gkT[r/, BjhA sK fizBhnK
ih ukj[zdk j? nfrnkB g{ope NZeoK wkoh ikt', fteko ofjs,
n;zr s/ nBzd o{g nkswk B{z BjhA gk ;e'r/, fJj nZub f;XKs j?.
ekwBktK dk nGkt ns/ gow-rsh

fi; ;w/A ;zg{oB ekwBktK i' fe fJ;d/ fjod/ ftZu nk;ok pDk
e/ ofjzdhnK jB, S[ZN iKdhnK jB, T[; ;w/A T[j woB-Xowk nwo
j' iKdk j? ns/ fJ; oho d`kok jh pqjw-Gkt B{z gqkgs j' iKdk j?
noEks fe;/ d{ih irQk ike/ BjhA, fJ; b'e ftZu jh dht/ d/ p[ZM
ikD tKr{z, ;G pzXB BN j' e/ pqjw-Gkt B{z gqkgs j' iKdk j?.
(eL T[L 2. 3. 14)
;zg{oB ekwBktK sK jh S[ZN ;edhnK jB i/ ekwBk d/ :'r e'Jh

Gh gdkoE Bk oj/ noEks fwqrfsqBk d/ ib tKr{z fdq nfBZs j?,
fJj f;ZX j' ikt/. fJ; p'X s'A gfjbK i' ftZd`kB d/ fuZs ftZu nBzs
ekwBktK ;B, fSzB-fGzB j' iKdhnK jB. fdq d/ nGkt j' ikD
Bkb fJzdqhnK fe; gdkoE B{z rqfjD eoB< em'gfBd ftZu :woki,
Bfue/sk B{z efjzd/ jBfi; ;w/A gzi/ frnkB fJzdqhnK wB ;fjs nkswk ftZu fJ;fEs
j' iKdhnK jB ns/ p[ZXh Gh u/Nk BjhA eodh, T[; nt;Ek B{z
gowrsh efjzd/ jB.
(eL T[L 2. 3. 10)
nwo t;s{
119
fJ; nt;Ek ftZu nkswk nkgD/ nftZdk nkfd no'g s'A

ofjs ;ò{g ftZu fJ;fEs ofjzdk j?. fJ; bJh :sB g{ope fJzdqhnK
ns/ wB B{z nfBZs gqgzu tZb'A o'eDk ukjhJ/ sK fe nkgD/ nkswk
ftZu fJj fJ;fEsh gkT[D, fJj nkoh ;z;ko-nshs, gow KswJh
nt;Ek j?. nftZdk s'A T[sgzB j'D tkbhnK gqshshnK, fi; t/b/
BN j' iKdhnK jB, T[jh nwo nt;Ek noEks iBw s'A ofjs
j'D d/ ekoB, ;G ftekoK s'A ofjs fBofteko gd j?, fJ; pks B{z
:woki fJT[A fdykT[Ad/ jBfi; ;w/A fJ; ihtB ftZu jh fJ;d/ fjod/ dhnK ;zg{oB rqzEhnK
(rzYK) dk S/dB j' iKdk W, T[; ;w/A ftZu woB-Xowk, nwo j'
(eL T[L 2. 3. 15)
iKdk W. ;zg{oB t/dKsK dk fJsBk jh nkd/ W.
fej' fijh pfuZsq rsh W, e/tb fnkbK dh jh spdhbh! woBXowk-w?A oho o{g jK, izwdk jK, wodk jK, d[yh jK s/ ;[yh jK nkfd
nftZdko'gs fnkbK B{z SZv e/ w?A n;z;koh pqjw jh jK fJ; p'X
d`kok nftZdk o{g rzYK dk Bk j' iKdk W. iVP ns/ u/sB i'
fJZe-fwZe j' e/ o/s s/ yzv tKr ob/ fwb/ j'J/ ;B, i[dk-i[dk j' iKd/
jB. ;[Zs/ j'J/ dhnK nZyK y[ZbP iKdhnK jB. oZ;h dk frnkB j'D
Bkb, ;Zg dk G[b/yk jN iKdk W. nkgD/-nkg B{z woB s/ izwD
tkbk i' wzBdk ;h, T[j wzBD s'A jN e/, fBoftebg j' iKdk W.
pZ;, fJsBk jh ;zg{oB t/dKsK dk T[gd/ :kBh fJ;d/ d`kok nkswp'X dk gq:sB W, fJjh T[gkfJ d`kok ikBD ftZu nkT[D tkbh
nefj t;s{ W. fJ; s'A fnkdk e[ZM j'o Gh j't/rk, fJj ;z: ed/
G[Zb e/ Gh Bj] eoBk.
fgnko/ ft:'rh\ fJ; nkd/ B{z ;wM, d{ik d/yDk jh sK ;z;ko
W. s{z d{i/ dh ebgBk jh feT[A eodk WA< i/ e'Jh ebgBk ehsh jh W
sK fJ; nfBZs ;z;ko dk nBzd wkD, tko-tko wo ns/ izw. iBwwoB s'A ofjs T[jh j't/rk i' fJZe nkgD/ nkg/-nkswk B{z pqjw
120
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
o{g d/y/rk. nkgD/ frnkB s'A fpBK i' e[ZM Gh s{z eoBk W, T[j e'Jh
nBksw gqkgsh dk ;kXB jh j't/rk nEtk ;z;ko ftZu e'Jh v[Zp/
ofjD dk T[gkfJ jh j't/rk, nkswk Bj] j' ;edk. nkswk ftZu
e'Jh fe;/ gqeko dh Gh ebgBk Bj] W. fJZe t;s{ ftZu, fe;/
ebgBk dk wsbp jh eh<
fJ; gqeko d/ nkgD/ nkswk B{z ;wM e/ :kBh ;kyks nB[Gt
eoe/, ;G eow s/ ;kXBK B{z ;w[zdo ftZu ;[ZN d/t'. fJj ;z;ko,
;w[zdo dk jh ykok gkDh W, fwZm/ uw/ (nkswk) dk Bj]. ijk
ns/ ;w[zdo dh gqhsh B{z j[D SZv' feT[Afe gkob/ feBko/ go T[so e/
ijk e[ZM ezw Bj] fdnk eodk, fJj gkDh go uZbD tkbh jh
;tkoh W, fgqEth go Bj]. pqjw ;kykseko dk cb, w[zve T[gfBd
ftZu fJT[A dZ;d/ jBT[; gokto (ekoB-ekoi o{g) pqjw dk ;kykseko b?D go,
iht dh fjod/ rqzEh (rzY) N[ZN iKdh W, ;ko/ ;z: BN j' iKd/ jB
(w[zL T[L 2 . 2 . 8)
ns/ fJ;d/ eow yhD j' iKd/ jB.
fjod/ rqzEh, p[ZXh ftZu fJ;fEs nftZd, tkBkwJh ekw B{z
efjzd/ jB. T[j ;kohnK ekwBktK nksw-;kyks j' ikD go
Bk j' iKdhnK jB s/ gqwkswk d/ pko/ ;G ihtK B{z ;zd/j pfDnk
ofjzdk W-fBoD: Bj] ehsk iKdk, e'Jh e[ZM efjzdk W s/ e'Jh e[ZM.
fJBPK o"fbnK ftZu gJ/ jh, ihtB pshs j' iKdk W ns/ nko
tkBk w[skfpe fco iBw rqjD eo b?Ad/ jB. T[BPK d/ gqwkswk
;zpzXh ;z: BN j' iKd/ jB. w?A jh gkopqjw jK fJ; frnkB d`kok
fi; d/ ;z: Bk j' rJ/ j'D s/ nftZdk fBftos j' u[Zeh j't/, T[;
d/ frnkB T[sgsh s'A gfjbK ns/ pknd ftZu ehs/ j'J/ ;ko/ jh
eow BN j' iKd/ jB ns/ toswkB ftZu gqkoZpX o{g eow i'
nkozG j' u[Zek W, fJ;dk G'r e/ nzs j' iKdk W. fJ; gqeko ;z;ko dk
ekoB jh Bk ofjD s/ iht, w[es j' iKdk W.
nwo t;s{
121
fBfeq: nkswk d/ p'X tkb/ dh fBeosZsk

t
cb T[sgsh s'A gfjbK jh fpqS B{z c[Zb bZfrnk eod/ jB s/ cb
d/ bZr ikD go c[Zb MV iKd/ jB. fi; soPK fJj rZb W fsT[A jh
frnkB T[sgsh s'A gfjbK eow s/ T[gk;Bk nkfd eow ehs/ iKd/
jB, pknd ftZu Bj] feT[Afe eow nzsjeoB dh [ZXh d/ jh j/s{
jB, nksw gqkgsh d/ Bj]. nksw-pqjw gqkgsh sK frnkB d`kok
jh j[zdh Wcb ekoB c{bh pBokfJ.. cb[ bkrk sp c{b[ fpbkfJ..
frnkB? ekoB eow nfGnk;[..
frnkB[ GfJnk sj eowj Bk;[..
(nzr 1167
1167))
frnkB nkswk s'A i[dk Bj] W, fJ; B{z wKv{e T[gfBd ftZu
fJT[A fdykT[Ad/ jBT[; ;op ebgBk{B, niBwk, frnkB B{z ftt/eh b'e r/:
pqjw s'A nfGzB nkyd/ jB. pqjw fi;dk ft: W, T[j frnkB,
niBwk ns/ fBZs W. T[; niBwk frnkB Bkb, niBwk nkswsZs`, ;`:z jh ikfDnk iKdk W.
(wKL T[L nL ekL 33)
fJ; gqeko dk nkswk, frnkBtkB dk nkgDk nkgk W, T[;

fBot?t (ngqhtosBhb) nkswk ftZu e'Jh feqnk Bj]. feq:k i' W
;' wB, pkDh ns/ oho ftZu W gqzs{ nfrnkBh iht feq:k B{z nkswk
ftZu wzBe/ eb/K d/ Gkrh pDd/ jB. GrtkB feqB efjzd/ jBwB[Z wB, pkDh ns/ oho Bkb k;sq nB[;ko nEtk k;sq
ftgohs i' e[ZM Gh eow nozGdk W, T[;d/ fJj gzi jh ekoB jB.
(rhL nL 18 L 15)
gqzs{ nfijk j'D go Gh i' wB[Z n[ZX p[ZXh j'D d/ ekoD, T[;
ft/ ftZu e/tb [ZX-;ò{g nkswk B{z eosk d/ydk W, T[j wfbB
p[ZXh tkbk nfrnkBh :EkoE Bj] d/ydk.
(rhL nL 18 L 16)
122
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
fi; g[o d/ nzsjeoB ftZu w?A eodk jK fJ; soPK dk Gkt

Bj] W sEk fi;dh p[ZXh ;z;koe gdkoEK ns/ ;zg{oB eowK ftZu
fbgkfJwkB Bj] j[zdh, T[j g[o fJBPK ;G b'eK B{z wko e/ Gh Bk sK
wkodk W ns/ Bk jh gkg Bkb pZMdk W.
(rhL nL 18 L 17)
f;Zgh d/ ftZu i' uKdh gqshs fdzdh W, T[j f;Zgh dk Xow (;[GkT[)
Bj] W, fsT[A jh nkswk ftZu i' nko'fgs eoskgB W, T[j T[;
nkswk dk Xow Bj] W. nksw-frnkB d`kok w?A eodk jK n?;h
GktBk dk ns/ p[ZXh d/ b/g dk nGkt j'D d/ ekoB, g{oB frnkBh
Bk wodk W ns/ Bk jh pzXB tkbk j[zdk W feT[Afe ftZd`kB ftZu
d/jXkohgB/ dk nfGwkB Bk j'D d/ ekoB T[;d/ nftZdk eofsqe
(nftZfdnk eoe/ ehs/ rJ/) ;G eowK dk ;zBk; j' iKdk W, fJ;
bJh ;zfBk;hnK B{z nfBN nkfd fszB gqeko d/ eow cb* Bj]
fwbd/. fJj Gh Bkb jh rZb o{oh W fe eow nfXekoh, nfrnkBh
wB[ZK B{z fJj eosk-p[ZXh j'D d/ ekoB eow cb ntZ gqkgs j[zd/
jB. nftZdk d`kok T[sgzB j'Jh i' eosk p[ZXh j?, T[;dk frnkB
d`kok Bk j'D d/ pknd i' gfjbK s'A jh fBofteko nfeq: nkswk
j?, B{z e[ZM Gh eoBk eosZt: BjhA feT[Afe nkswk [ZX, n;zr s/
fBot?t (Bk pdbBjko) j?.
fgnko/ ft:'rh\ vo Bk, e'Jh nfijh rZb s?B{z Bj] ejh ik ojh
i' s?B{z s/o/ fBkB/ s'A jNk e/ ;z;ko ftZu ;[ZN d/D tkbh j't/. ;kvh
pkDh s/o/ efbnkD bJh gqtkfjs j'Jh W, nfBN tk;s/ Bj]. s{z
nkg jh ;'u, e?;No nkfJb :k e'Jh j'o i[bkp dh n"Xh ;/tB
Bkb g/N ;k j'J/ fgZS'A, o'r fBftosh dh dtkJh d`kok fBo'rsk
gqkgs eo e/ fco Gh e[ZM eoBk g?Adk W< i/ eoBk jh g?Adk j't/ sK
*
Boe s/ g{-gzyh nkfd o{g nfBN eow dk cb j?. d/t i{zBh fJN eow dk cb j?.
fJN s/ nfBN fwfqs eowK dk cb wB[Zy i{zBh j?.
nwo t;s{
123
gfjbK e;o ojh W, g/N mhe-mhe ;kc j'fJnk Bj]. dtkJh ykD d/
:'r pBkT[D ykso, o'rh B{z gfjbK i[bkp fdzd/ jB. o'r, n"Xh
Bkb jh jNdk W. eow, T[gk;Bk B/ nzsjeoB B{z ;kc ehsk s/
frnkB o{gh n"Xh Bkb nksw-gd ftZu fJ;fEsh j' u[Zeh sK
fco T[gk;Bk s/ eow Bkb s[nZbe eh< nzX/o/ ftZu gJh oZ;h dk
frnkB j' ikD s'A pknd, ;Zg d/ G? nkfd Bkb eh ;zpzX ofjzdk W<
T[j (nOyo) pqjw fB;u/ jh fdt (;`:z-gqek) nw{ofs, g[o,
pkjo-Ghso ftZdwkB, niBwk, ngqkD, wB'jhB, ft[ZX s/ fJ;h
gqeko ;q/N nZyo s'A Gh T[sfeqN* W.
(w[zL T[L 2 . 1 . 2)
fJ; soPK w[zve T[gfBd ftZu ej/ ft/Dk nB[;ko gqkD nkfd
s'A ofjs nkswk nkgDk o{g ;wMe/ Gh fe; gqeko dh e'Jh feqnk j'
;edh W< id fe fBoT[gkfXe g[o ;`:z nkg W. i' e[ZM th feqnk
ehsh ikt/ ukj/ fe;/ Yzr ns/ fe;/ wsbp bJh j't/, Xow sK T[j
oho, fJzdqhnK s/ wB dk jh j't/rk. fi; nkswk dk iBw Bj] W,
T[; fBokeko ftZu gqkD, fJzdhq nK s/ wB o{gh nkeko, e/tb nX:ko'g
jh jB. fJ; gqeko d/ nohoh nkswk ftZu Gh e'Jh eosZt W,
fJj rZb sK fJT[A W fiT[A e'Jh ej/ fe nek, w]j s/ nzX/oh Bkb
frZbk s/ w?bk j' frnk, j[D fJBkB eoB ykso fe;/ y{j :k
dfonk tZb uZfbnk j't/. fpqjdkoD:e T[gfBd ftZu fejk WfJj i' gqf;ZX nkswk W T[;B{z ikDe/ fiBPK dk fwZEk-frnkB
fBftos j' u[Zek W, fJ; soPK d/ wjkswk, frnkBh iB, nfrnkBhnK
d`kok ntZ ehshnK ikD tkbhnK g[Zsq nkfd fJZSktK s'A ofjs j'
e/, e/tb oho fBotkj bJh fGZfSnk dk nkuoD eod/ jB, T[BQK
dk nksw-frnkB fBmk s'A fpBK, j'o e[M Gh eosZt BjhA
ofjzdk.
*
(fpqjL T[L 3. 5. 1)
nBzs Bkw-o{g T[gkXhnK tkb/ ;/qN nZyo s'A Gh fBo'gkfXe (T[gkXh ofjs) g[oy
nsh T[Zsw j?.
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
124
i' wB[Z nkswk ftZu jh gqhsh tkbk ns/ nkswk ftZu jh

fsqgs sEk nkswk ftZu jh ;zs[N j't/, T[; bJh e'Jh eosZt
BjhA.
(rhL nL 3 L 17)
fJj ;z;ko ftu T[; g[o dk ehs/ ikD Bkb Gh e'Jh gq:'iB
BjhA j? ns/ Bk ehs/ ikD Bkb Gh e'Jh ;`koE dk ;zpzX BjhA j?.
(rhL nL 3 L 18)
b'e ;zrqfj tk;s/ i' frnkBtkB e'Jh eow eo/ Gh sK T[j eow
frnkBtkB dk eosZt j?, fJj BjhA ;wMDk ukjhdk feT[Afe
frnkBh feqs-feqs, r[DK s'A nshs ns/ fBeosZt j?. eowK dk
eosZt, w{VQ nfrnkBh wB[ZK dk j[zdk j? i' tk;st rZb B{z Bk
;wMe/, r[DK dh feqnk B{z nkswk ftZu wzBe/, d[yh s/ ;[yh j[zd/ jB.
;zg{oB eow gqfeqsh d/ r[DK d`kok ehs/ j'J/ jB sK Gh njzeko
Bkb w'fjs j'J/ nzsjeoD tkbk g[o w?A eodk jK fJT[A wzB b?Adk
j?.
(rhL nL 3 L 27)
gzqs{ j/ wjKpkj' (noiB)! r[D-ftGkr* ns/ eow-ftGkr* d/

sZs` B{z ikBD tkbk frnkBh g[o ;zg{oB r[D, r[DK ftZu tosd/
jB fJT[A wzB e/, yfus BjhA j[zdk.
(rhL nL 3 L 28)
frnkBtkB, nfrnkBhnK B{z joes eodk wkb{w fdzdk j?,

tk;st ftZu eodk e[ZM Gh BjhA, fJ; rZb B{z GrtkB d;d/ jBnkswk d/ :EkoE ;ò{g B{z ikBD tkbk sZs`t/sk d/ydk, ;[Ddk,
;go eodk, ;[zxdk, yKdk, ubdk, ;"Adk, ;`k; b?Adk, p'bdk,
fsnkrdk, rqjD eodk sEk nZyK B{z y'bQdk-whudk j'fJnk Gh ;G
fJzdqhnK nkgD/-nkgD/ ftfnK ftZu tos ojhnK jB, fJ; gqeko
*
fszB r[D wJh wkfJnk d/ ekoi o{g gzi wjK G{s ns/ wB, p[ZXh, njzeko, gzi
frnkB fJzdqhnK, gzi eow fJzdqhnK s/ pd nkfd gzi ft:, fJBQK ;kfonK B{z
r[D-ftGkr efjzd/ jB s/ fJBQK dh go;go u/Nk dk Bkw eow-ftGkr j?.
nwo t;s{
125
;wMdk j'fJnk fBo;zd/j fJT[A wzB/ i' w?A e[ZM Gh BjhA eodk.
(rhL nL 5 L 8-9)
fJ; gqeko i' sZs`-frnkBh ;G fJzdqhnK ns/ nzsjeoD dh

u/Nk o{g eowK ftZu neow d/yD tkbk j?, T[j nkgD/ ftZu eowK
dk nGkt d/ydk j?, fJ; bJh T[; :EkoE frnkBh dk, ;G eowK B{z
fsnkr d/D dk jh nfXeko j? feT[Afe fwqrfsqBk d/ ib B{z ghD
tk;s/ gqftos j'fJnk wB[Zy, ib d/ nGkt B{z ikD e/, fco T[;
irQk gkDh ghD bJh gqftos fet?A j' ;edk j?< frnkBtkB oho
ftZu ofjzdk j'fJnk, Bk nkg e[ZM eodk j? s/ Bk jh oho ns/
fJzdqhnK s'A e[ZM eotkT[Adk j?, fJj fdykT[Ad/ jBtZ ftZu j? nz sjeoD fi;d/, nfijk frnkBh g[o sK fBo;zdj
/
Bk eodk ns/ Bk eotkT[Adk j'fJnk, B" dotki/ tkb/ oho o{gh xo
ftZu eowK B{z wB'A fsnkr e/ noEks fJzdqhnK nkgD/-nkgD/
ftfnK ftu tos ojhnK jB, fJT[A wzBdk j'fJnk nBzd g{ope,
;fudkBzdxB gqwkswk d/ ;ò{g ftZu fJ;fEs ofjzdk j?.
(rhL nL 5 L 13)
d/j nkfd dk ;`kwh nkswk Bk sK b'eK d/ eoskgB B{z T[sgzB

eodk j? ns/ Bk xo, oE, wjb nkfd i' ns:zs b'V tkb/ jB,
T[BQK B{z oudk j? sEk Bk xo nkfd pDkT[D tkb/ T[;d/ eow-cb
Bkb ;zi'r jh eodk j?.
z e k - i/ d/j dk ;`kwh nkswk nkg e[ZM Gh BjhA eodk s/ Bk
jh oho nkfd gk;'A eotkT[Adk j? sK fco fJj ;G e[ZM e"D eo fojk
j? s/ e"D eotk fojk j?<
fJ; s/ efjzd/ jB fe ;`Gkt :kBh gqfeqsh jh tosdh j? :kBh
r[D jh r[DK ftZu tosd/ jB nkswk fBob/g j?.
(rhL nL 5 L 14)
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
126
n;b ftZu rZb sK fJj j? fe ;op ftnkgh gqwkswk fe;/

wB[Z d/ gkg B{z rqjD BjhA eodk ns/ GrsK d`kok nogD ehs/ j'J/
[ZG-eowK B{z Gh rqjD BjhA eodk. fJ; go ;z: jz[dk j? fe sK
fco GrsK d`kok g{ik nkfd nZS/ eow feT[A ehs/ iKd/ jB< fJ;dh
fBftosh bJh efjzd/ jBihtK dk ftt/e-ftrkB nfrnkB Bkb Yfenk j'fJnk j?
fJ; ekoB ;z;koh iht :kBh nfrnkBh jh w?A eodk jK, eokT[Adk
jK, yKdk jK, fybkT[Adk jK nkfd fJT[A w'j B{z gqkgs j' oj/ jB.
(rhL nL 5 L 15)
wsbp fe nfrnkB fBzdqk ftZu ;[Zs/ j'J/ iht, ;[gB ftZu

nBzs gqeko dh u/Nk eo oj/ jB, nkswk sK fBofteko jh j?.
j[D fJj fdykT[Ad/ jB fe fJ; fBzdqk s'A iht ikrd/ ed'A jBfiBQK ihtK d/ nzsjeoD nfrnkB Bkb YZe/ j'J/ jB nkswfrnkB d`kok Bk j' iKdk j?, T[BQK dk T[j frnkB, ;{oi tKr{z T[;
gqwkoE sZs` B{z gqekfs eo fdzdk j? :kBh gqwkswk d/ ;ò{g B{z
;kyks eotk fdzdk j?.
(rhL nL 5 L 16)
nkswk frnkB d`kok gqekfs j[zdk j?, eq'VK eowK d/ eoB go

Gh BjhA. T[; gqsZy j'J/ fBo-nktoD nkswk B{z fe;/ gqeko dk
e'Jh Gh eosZt BjhA j?. fi;B{z fi; ohsh Bkb nkgD/ ftZu i'
eosZt Gk;dk j? Gkt/A T[j fezBk th T[Zuk s/ wB'ekwBk B{z g{ok
eoB tkbk j't/, T[j nfrnkB dk jh fuzBQ j?:/jh fuzBQ nfrnkB e' i' wkB? eosZt.
;'Jh frnkBh ;[xo Bo BfjA ik eA{ Gftst..
(ftL ;kL 5. 16)
nkgD/ ftZu e'Jh ;zebg T[Zmdk Gk;Dk, T[j nkgDh fJ;fEsh

s'A fjZb/ j'J/ dk bZSD j?, T[j nkgD/ ;ò{g ftZu ekfJw BjhA. T[j,
nkgD/-nkg B{z j'o ns/ pqjw B{z j'o ikBD tkbk j?. i/ pqjw Gkt
nwo t;s{
127
ftZu g{oh fJ;fEsh j? sK eosZt feT[A fdydk j?< b'e-;zrqfj

tk;s/ e[ZM joes eoBh, eosZt BjhA j?. ohoe feqnk Gh eosZt
Bj] wzBh ik ;edh. sZs`t/sk n;zr ns/ nfeq: ;[Gkt ftZu
fpokiwkB j?. gqkoZpX w[skfpe T[j ;oho d`kok b'eK T[Zgo T[geko
eodk j'fJnk fdydk j? s/ i/ T[; sZs`t/sk gk;'A kfJdk gj[zuDk,
;zgoe u nkJ/ ihtK B{z Bj] j[zdk sK T[j wjKg[o nszs fBftosh
g{ope nkgD/ wjkB nBzd ftZu nfijk p/ypo ofjzdk W fiT[A fe;/
B/ rkVQh Gzr fgbkJh j'Jh j[zdh W. nwbh (BJh) ;ktXkB ns/
tkBk ofjs, frnkB-{B BjhA j[zdk fezs{ sZst/sk nzdo'A ;ktXkB
ns/ tkBk ofjs, frnkB d/ :[es ofjzdk j?. wB, fpqsh ofjs j'D
eoe/, T[j ikfrqs j[zdk j'fJnk Gh ;[y[gsh ftZu j?. pqjwftsgB d/
nfGwkB s'A ofjs s/ tkBk s'A ofjs j'fJnk frnkBtkB, fBofteko
pqjw jh j?. fJ; gqeko d/ gkopqjw B{z Gh e[ZM eoBk eosZt j?,
fJj rZb e/tb nfrnkBh jh efo ;ed/ jB. ok GrtkB d/ eEB
ehs/ nB[;ko eow ns/ neow B{z ;wM'. fJ; d`kok gsk bZr ;edk j?
fe frnkBtkB go Gh e'Jh k;sqh: ekB{zB bkr{ j[zdk j? :k BjhA-
eow ns/ neow

eow eh j? ns/ neow eh j?< fJ; eow nkfd ft/ ftZu tZv/tZv/ p[ZXhwkB Gh w'fjs j' u[Ze/ jB, fJ; bJh w?A s?B{z T[j eowneow dZ;Krk fi; B{z ikD e/, s{z ;z;ko s'A w[es j' ikt/A.
(rhL n L 4 L 16)
eow dk o{g Gh ikBDk ukjhJ/ ns/ neow dk o{g Gh ikBDk

ukjhJ/ sEk fBfZX eow dk o{g Gh ikBDk ukjhJ/ feT[Afe eow
dh rsh rfjB j?.
(rhL n L 4 L 17)
i' g[o eow ftZu noEks njzeko ofjs ehshnK j'JhnK

;zg{oB u/NktK ftZu neow noEks tk;st ftZu T[BQK dk Bk-
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
128
j'DkgBk d/y/ ns/ i' g[o neow ftZu noEks nfrnkBh g[o
d`kok ehs/ j'J/ ;zg{oB feqnktK d/ fsnkr ftZu Gh eow noEks
fsnkr o{g feqnk B{z d/y/, T[j g[o wB[ZK ftZu p[ZXhwkB j? ns/
T[jh i'rh ;zg{oB eowK d/ eoB tkbk j?.
(rhL n L 4 L 18)
eow ns/ neow fJBQK d'jK B[z p[ZXhwkB g[oK B/ Gh ftgohs wzB
oZfynk j? s/ p/;wMK pko/ sK efjDk jh eh! fJ; T[bN ;wM oZy/
frnkB B{z jNkT[D bJh GrtkB d/ fJj puB jB feT[Afe fi; nkswk
ftZu feqnk BjhA j? nfrnkBh iht T[; ftZu w?A eosk jK fJj eow
wzBd/ jB s/ w?A e[ZM Gh BjhA eodk fJ; fsnkr o{g eow ftZu neow
B{z d/yd/ jB. qh zeokuko: fJ; ftuko dh ftnkyk fJT[A eod/ jBd/j, fJzdqhnK nkfd d`kok j'D tkb/ eowK dk nkswk ftZu
nXko'g eoe/ w?A eodk jK, fJj w/ok eow j? s/ w?A fJ;dk cb
G'rDk j? fJ; gqeko b'e wzBd/ jB sEk w?A u[Zg j' e/ p?mdk jK fi;
Bkb eN-ofjs ns/ eow-ofjs j' e/ ;[yh j' iktK fJ; gqeko
d/j fJzdqhnK d`kok j'D tkbh feqnk dh T[gokwsk Bkb j'D tkb/
;[yhgB dk nkswk ftZu nXko'g eoe/ w?A e[ZM Gh BjhA eodk,
u[g-ukg ;[Zy Bkb p?mk jK fJ; gqeko b'e wzBd/ jB.
d/j, fJzdqhnK d`kok j'D tkb/ eow Gkt/A feqnk o{g jB sK Gh
b'eK B/ T[;dk eow ofjs nfeq: nkswk ftZu nko'g eo oZfynk
j? feT[Afe k;sq ftrksk ftZdtkB Gh w?A eodk jK fJT[A wzB
p?mdk j?.
B"ek (fesh) d/ ubd/ ;w/A, ftZu p?m/ j'J/ g[o B{z Bdh d/
feBko/ s/ yVQ/ fpqZS, T[bN ubd/ fdykJh fdzd/ jB, T[;h soQK nfrnkB
g{ope nfeq: nkswk ftZu d/j fJzdhq nK nkfd dk ebgfs skdksw
;zpzX j'D d/ ekoB d/j dh feqnk dk nGkt j? fsT[A jh nkswk
ftZu i' feqnk dk nGkt :kBh neow d/ydk j? sEk i' nkek
nwo t;s{
129
ftZu sko/ nkfd gdkoE ftZu Gh b'e, rsh dk nGkt d/yd/ jB,
gqzs{ jB T[j uZbD tkb/ :kBh feqnk d/ ;fjs. fJ; gqeko feqnk d/
fsnkr ftZu w?A e[ZM Bk eodk j'fJnk, u[Zg-ukg p?mk jK fJj
nkswk ftZu nfrnkB Bkb nko'fgs ehs/ j'J/ oho fJzdqhnK
nkfd dh T[gokwsk o{g neow ftZu jzeko dk ;zpzX j?. fJj ;zpzX
j'D d/ ekoB eow d/ydk j?. feT[Afe e[ZM eoBk iK Bk eoBk
fJj d'B'A rZbK eosk d/ jh nXhB j[zdhnK jB-i' ed/ eodk j?, T[j
fe;/ t/b/ BjhA Gh eodk, fJBQK d'jK nt;EK dk eosk fJZe' jh j[zdk
j?. fJ; gqeko i' neow ns/ eow d/ ftGkr B{z sZs` g{ope
ikBD tkbk j?, T[jhA wB[ZK ftZu p[ZXhwkB :kBh gzfvs j?, T[jh
i'rh j? ns/ ;G eowK d/ eoB tkbk Gh T[jh j? noEks T[j gkgg[zB o{g Z[G-n[ZG s'A w[es j'fJnk feqs-feqs j?fi; d/ ;zg{oB ekoi, ekwBk ns/ ;zebg s'A ofjs jB nfij/
T[; frnkB o{gh nrBh d`kok G;w j'J/ eowK tkb/ g[o B{z, frnkBh
iB gzfvs Gh efjzd/ jB.
(rhL nL 4 L 19)
T[g:[es eow ftZu neow ns/ neow ftZu eow d/yD tkb/
g[o d/ ;G nkozG, ekwBk d/ ekoB o{g ;zebgK s'A Gh ofjs j' iKd/
jB. T[; d`kok fpBK jh ;`? gq:'iB d/-i/ gqftosh wkor tkbk W sK
b'e-;zrqfj bJh ns/ fBftosh wkor tkbk W sK ihtB fBopkj
bJh e/tb u/Nk wksq jh feqnk j[zdh W, e[ZM eosZt o{g Bkb Bj].
fJ; gqeko fBfeq: nkswk ftZu fJ;fEs g[o i' Bdh feBko/
fpqS o{g nkswk B{z nuZb ikDdk W ns/ nkek ftZu sko/ nkfd
gdkoE o{g ftZu d/j fJzdqhnK B{z feqnk tkbk d/ydk W, T[j d/j
nkfd fJzdqhnK dh feqnk B{z nfrnkB nt;Ek ftZu i/ ftgohs
;wMdk fojk W sK frnkB o{g ;{oi d/ uVP ikD Bkb Gh oZ;h ftZu
GqKsh ekoB Gk;d/ ;Zg B{z fe; soPK d/yr
/ k< fJ; gqeko dk frnkBtkB
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
130
g[o fBXVe, fBeosZt oj/. eow s/ eowK B{z eoB dk ;zebg,

fBoftebg nkswk ftZu W jh Bj]. nd`?s o{gh nZr B/ d`?s B{z
(d/j, fJzdqhnK nkfd fiBPK d`kok eow ehs/ iKd/ jB) ;kV e/ G;w
eo fdZsk W. ifnk j'fJnk eZgVk fizBk fuo jtk d`kok T[Zfvnk
Bj], T[j T[;h soPK jh sfj :[es fgnk fdydk W, e[ZM ekoi d/
:'r Bj] j[zdk. frnkBtkB dk d/j o{gh eZgVk, frnkB nZr Bkb
G;w j'fJnk, T[sBk fuo jh nfrnkBh wB[ZK B{z fdydk W id
skJ] gqkoZpX B{z Bk eoB o{g tk:{ Bj] uZbh.
eoskgBk :kBh w?A eodk jK fJ;dk nftdk d/ oki ftZu jh
nfXeko W, ftZdk (frnkB) nt;Ek ftZu Bj]. fJ;/ tk;s/ ;G
gqeko Bkb n;zr, fBob/g s/ nfeq:w: j'D go Gh w?A d[yh jK
;[yh jK fJfsnkfd ftebgK Bkb nsh dhB j' iKdk W, fJjh
wkfJnk W, j'Dk e[ZM s/ Gow Bkb gqshs e[ZM j'o jh j'DkwkfJnk fe; B' nkyhn? fenk wkfJnk eow ewkfJ..
d[fy ;[fy J/j[ ihT[ pX[ W jT[w? eow ewkfJ..
(nzr 67
67))
fJj fJ; gqeko dh wkfJnk, frnkB d`kok ftBk j' iKdh W,

fJ;h tk;s/ frnkBh dk eoskgBk T[Zv iKdk W feT[Afe nkswk
ftZu e'Jh feqnk W jh Bj]. eosk, feqnk ns/ cb dh gqshsh dk
ekoB wkfJnk jh W.
sq? r[D w/N/ uT[E? fus[ bkfJnk..
BkBe jT[w? wkfo pqjw fwbkfJnk..
(nzr 231
231))
id frnkB d`kok fszB r[D wJh nftZdk ftBk j' iKdh W sK

fuZs r[Dkshs, fBofteko, s[oh: nt;Ek ftZu bZr iKdk W
:kBh fpqsh fJZe o; pqjwkeko j' iKdh W. nfijh ;z;ko s'A nshs
nt;Ek ftZu jT[w? fe; soPK ofj ;edh W< fJ; s'A gfjbK i'
nftZdk d`kok fBoftebg t;s{ ftZu eJh soPK dk nko'g eodk ;h,
nwo t;s{
131
T[j eosk-p[ZXh tkbk nkgD/-nkg B{z gqwkswk s'A i[dk ikBD tkbk
iht, pqjw ftZu bhB j' iKdk W noEks pqjw o{g fBmk s/ fJ;fEs
j' iKdk W. fszB r[D wJh jh fJj d/j nkfd ;kok ;z;ko W ns/
nkswk fJ; s'A go/ dh nt;Ek W feT[Afe T[j u"Ek s[oh: gd W.
swkw eow s/ eowK d/ ;zebg fi; s[oh:-nkswk ftZu Bj] jB,
T[; ftZu fJ;fEs frnkBh g[o ;[Gkfte jh gq;zB fJzdqh:, w[;eqKd/
j'J/ w[Zy tkbk ns/ 'e ofjs 'Gk gkT[Adk W Gkt fe e'Jh Gh eosZt
Bk j'D d/ ekoB nsh nBzfds nfrnkBh ihtK B{z fdydk W.
fsqjk r[Dk s/ oj? fBokok ;' r[ow[fy ;'Gk gkfJdk..
(nzr 1075
1075))
fi;dh fszB r[D wJh nftZdk, ftZdk (frnkB) d`kok Bk j'

u[Zeh W, T[j nkswk o{gh ;w[zdo ftZu jh eqhVk eoB tkbk j[zdk W.
T[;dh fisBh Gh joes nfrnkBh ihtK dh fdqNh r'uo j[zdh W,
;G nksw-w: jh W feT[Afe f;tkJ/ nkswk s'A T[;d/ ;whg j'o
e'Jh t;s{ W jh Bj]. fJj' fijh Grsh, fuZs dh brB, fuZs dk
s[oh: gd nkswk ftZu gqt/, fszB r[Dw: ;z;ko s'A fBokbk jh
W. Gbk, ;z;ko s'A fBokbh nt;Ek ftZu fJ;fEs frnkBh g[o,
;z;koh b'eK tKr{z jh eow fe; soPK eo/< T[j e'Jh cb dh tkBk
tkbk sK W Bj]. ;z;ko B{z T[bzxB (gko) eo u[Ze/ wjKg[o dh
ohoe feqnk, nkgDh w"i :kBh ;[szsqsk g{ope j[zdh W, fJ;h tk;s/
T[j brB Gh fBokbh W ns/ feqnk Gh fBokbh Wsq? r[D w/N/ uT[E? tos? J/jk Grfs fBokoh..
(nzr 908
908))
;z;koh b'e efjzd/ jB fe ;kv/ tKr{z frnkBtkB Gh eow feT[A

Bj] eodk< BkdkB b'e, fJj Bj] ;wMd/ fe n;] fszBK r[DK ftZu
c;/ j'J/ jK, T[BPK r[DK w[skfpe jh ;kv/ ;zebg jB s/ ;zebgK
nB[;ko jh ;kvh ;G feqnk W sEk jT[Aw? d`kok fi; gqeko d/ eow
132
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
eod/ jK T[;/ w[skfpe n;] Boe ns/ ;[or d/ Gkrh pkozpko j'Dk W.
frnkBtkB sK r[DK s'A go/ j' e/ s[oh: gd ftZu p?mk W, ;kv/
torh T[j feqnk fe; soPK eo/<
fsqj[ r[D wfj tos? ;z;kok.. Boe ;[or fcfo fcfo nT[skok..
(nzr 389
389))
fsqj[ r[D nzsfo ygfj ygktfj Bkjh gkfo T[skok j/..

(nzr 1029
1029))
fszBK r[DK dk fJjh ;kok irs pfDnk j'fJnk W i' ;s', oi',
sw' fJBQK r[DK B{z nkgDk o{g wzBdk j?, T[;dh T[j uZb o{g eoskp[ZXh ed/ wB B{z fNeD d/D bZrh j?< noEks w?A eodk jK fJ;
nfGwkB d/ d`kok ed/ Boe ftZu ed/ ;òr ftZu iKdk j?. fJ;/ soQK
GNedk fcodk nszs eNK B{z G'rdk j?sq? r[D ehnk g;kok.. Boe ;[or ntskok..
jT[w? nkt? ikJh.. wB[ fNeD[ B gkt? okJh..
(nzr 1003-04
1003-04))
i' eosk pfDnk j?, T[j G'rsk ntZ jh pD/rk. eosk-p[ZXh

nfrnkBh dh j[zdh j?, fJ; bJh nfrnkB o{gh njzeko B{z ftBk
eoB d/ bkfJe pDB tk;s/ ;?AeV/ eosZt jB. fi; g[o d/ fjod/
ftZu frnkB o{gh ;{oi uVQ u[Zfenk j?, T[;B/ nzXeko B{z fwNkT[D
kso eh eoBk j?< noEks T[; B{z e[ZM Gh eosZt BjhA j?.
g q B -nkg fBeosZtsk pko/ fJsBk 'o feT[A fdzd/ j'<
T[Zso
so- eosk-p[ZXh B/ fJ; pqjw B{z iht pDk SZfvnk j?. j?
fJj f;oc wB dh wB"s jh. fJ; bJh pkozpko e'f ehsh ik ojh j?
fe ftrfVnk sK e[ZM j? jh BjhA :kBh fJj pqjw jh j?. d[Zy d/
ekoB fwEk wB"s eosk-p[ZXh B{z SZv d/t/ sK fe nkgD/ tk;st
nwo t;s{
133
;ò{g ftZu fJ;fEs j' ikt/ feT[Afe fJ; ftZu e'Jh eosZt BjhA j?.
nkgD/-nkg B{z G[Zb e/ ueqtosh oki/ s'A ezrkb pD frnk j?.
nkswt/sk fe;/ Gh eow d/ eoB tkbk BjhA feT[Afe fBofteko j?.
fJ; gqeko dk j'D go Gh nBzs gqeko dhnK feqnktK, nfrnkBhnK
d`kok i' nkswk ftZu nko'fgs ehshnK iKdhnK jB, T[; fwEk nfrnkB
s'A ofjs, frnkBh g[o dk fB;uk GrtkB fJT[A fdykT[Ad/ jBi' nkswk B{z wkoB tkbk ;wMdk j? noEks w?A wkodk jK
sEk i' e'Jh d{ik fJ; nkswk B{z, d/j Bk j'D go w?A wo frnk
jK fJT[A Bk j'fJnk wzBdk j? :kBh fJ; feqnk dk eow wzBdk j?,
T[j d'B'A jh n;bhns B{z BjhA ikDd/ feT[Afe nkswk ftekoofjs j'D ekoB Bk sK fe;/ B{z wkodk j? ns/ Bk jh wkfonk iKdk j?
noEks Bk sK wkoB ftZu eosk-p[ZXh j? ns/ Bk woB o{g eow
jh j?.
(rhL n L 2 L 19)
fJ; gqeko dk fBofteko nkswk frnkBtkB dk ;ò{g j?. fJ;

bJh nkswt/sk ftZu e'Jh feqnk BjhA j?j/ noiB! i' g[o fJ; nkswk B{z Bk ofjs, fBZs, niBwk
s/ ftekojhB ikDdk j?, T[j g[o fe; gqeko fe;/ B{z wotkT[Adk j?
ns/ fe; soQK fe;/ B{z wkodk j?<
(rhL n L 2 L 21)
wsbp fJj fe frnkBtkB f;oc wkoB o{g feqnk dk eosk

ns/ woB o{g eow jh BjhA j?, T[j fe;/ gqeko dh Gh feqnk dk eosk
ns/ eow j' jh BjhA ;edk feT[Afe frnkBh dk nkgDk o{g :kBh
nkswk fBofteko d/ fBZs (;d?t) j?. GrtkB d/ fJBQK T[Zgo ej/
puBK nzdo jBB feqnk dk jh fB/X ehsk frnk j?, T[j e/tb
T[dkjoD o{g s/ jh ;wMDk feT[Afe nkswk dh i' fBoftekosk j?,
T[j frnkBh ftZu ;G eowK d/ Bk j'D dk yk; ekoB j?. frnkBh
134
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
tk;s/ ;G eow n;zGt jB, GrtkB dk fJj jh fB;uk j?. fiZE/

eowK dk ftXkB, k;sq ftZu ehsk frnk j?, T[j nfrnkBh ihtK
bJh j?. eosZt sEk neosZt dk ftGkr (tzv) qh zeokuko
Gk: nzdo fJT[A fdykT[Ad/ jB-
eosZt s/ neosZt dh tzv

nrBh j'sq nkfd eowK dk ftXkB eoB tkb/ ftXh tkeK d/
noE B{z ikD b?D pknd, nw[e eow nB[mkB eoB :'r j? w?A
fJ; eow d/ eoB tkbk jK, w/ok nw[e eosZt j? fJ; gqeko
ikBD tkb/ nfrnkBh bJh eosZt pfDnk ofjzdk j?. T[;h gqeko
fJj nkswk fe;/ ekb ftZu Gh Bk izwdk j? s/ Bk wodk j? nEtk
Bk fJj nkswk j'D eoe/ jh fco j'D tkbk j? feT[Afe fJj niBwk,
fBZs, kts (;dk ofjD tkbk) ns/ g[oksB (;BksB) j?. oho d/
Bk j'D go Gh fJj Bk BjhA j[zdk. fJj' fij/ nksw ;ò{g dk
ftXkB tkb/ tkeK d/ noE B{z ikD b?D pknd, T[; frnkBh bJh
e[ZM Gh eosZt pkeh BjhA ofj iKdk. frnkBh B{z Bk w?A fe;/ eow
d/ eoB tkbk jK s/ Bk G'rB tkbk jh fJfsnkfd i' nkswk d/ pko/
ftZu frnkB j?, fJ; s'A i[dk j'o fe;/ soQK dk Gh frnkB BjhA j[zdk.
fJ; gqeko frnkBh ns/ nfrnkBh d/ eosZt dh tzv dk fBoD:
f;ZX j[zdk j?.
i' nkgD/-nkg B{z fJ; soQK ;wMdk j? fe w?A eoB tkbk jK sK
T[;dh fJj p[ZXh Gh o{o jh oj/rh fe nw[e-cbkBk w/ok eosZt
j? fJjh tiQk j? fe nfrnkBh, eowK dk nfXekoh pD iKdk j?.
fJ; bJh eow, nfrnkBh tk;s/ jh jB, frnkBh g[o bJh BjhA.
nkswk B{z fBofteko ikBD tkb/ ftZd`kB dk ;G eowK B{z
SZv d/Dk jh nfXeko j?. GrtkB nkg jh eEB eo u[Ze/ jB fe
njzeko Bkb w'fjs j'fJnk nfrnkBh w?A eodk jK fJT[A wzBdk j?
nwo t;s{
135
ns/ sZs`t/sk w?A e[ZM Gh BjhA eodk fJ; gqeko wzBdk j?, fJ; bJh
eosZt sEk neosZt sK ;gN jh j?, e'Jh b[ethA rZb BjhA.
njzeko ofjs nzsjeoD tkbk e'Jh Gh g[o, ;?AeV/ eow eoB
go Gh fbgs BjhA j[zdk. fJ; ftZu GrtkB nkgDk jh fB;uk
fdykT[Ad/ jBw/o/ ftZu njzeko dk nGkt j?, fJ; bJh e'Jh Gh eow d/j nkfd
dh T[sgsh d/ ekoB BjhA pDd/. T[BQK eowK ftZu w/oh fsqBk Gh
BjhA j?. fJ;h gqeko w?A jh BjhA, e'Jh d{ik g[o Gh i' w?B{z nkswo{g s/ ikD b?Adk j? fe w?A eowK d/ eoB tkbk BjhA jK ns/ w/oh
eowK ftZu fsqBk Gh BjhA j? T[;d/ eow Gh, d/j nkfd T[sgsh d/
ekoB BjhA pDd/.
(rhL n L 4 L 14)
fJ; gqeko frnkB d/ gqGkt Bkb, eowK ftZu nfGwkB ns/
cb dh fsqBk Bk j'D eoe/ i' fBZs-fsqgs :kBh ft/ tkBk s'A
ofjs j' frnk j?, T[; frnkBh d`kok ehs/ j'J/ eow, n;b ftZu
neow jh jB feT[Afe T[j fBfeq: nksw-frnkB d/ :[es j?.
(rhL n L 4 L 20)
fi;B/ nzsjeoD ns/ oho fJzdqhnKfd B{z fiZs fbnk j? sEk

G'rK dh ;zg{oB ;kwZrqh fi;B/ fsnkr fdZsh j?, nfijk nkk-wB;k
ofjs g[o e/tb oho ;zpzXh ehs/ ikD tkb/ ns/ nfGwkB ofjs
eowK B{z eodk j'fJnk Gh, g[zB s/ gkg d'jK B{z jh gqkgs BjhA j[zdk.
(rhL n L 4 L 21)
w[esh dh fJZSk tkb/ bJh njz;fjs pzXB j'D d/ ekoB, Xow

([ZG) eow Gh gkg jh j?. fJ; bJh ir:k;{ B{z ukjhdk j? i' ;ko/ jh
[ZG-n[ZG eowK dh ;Zsk B{z SZve/ fJZe fBfeq: nksw ;`Gkt
ftZu ;dk fJ;fEs oj/. fJ; s'A nrb/ 22t/A b'e dh ftnkfynk
fJT[A eod/ jBi' nkgD/ nkg ;ji/, fpBK wzr/ fwb/ j'J/ gdkoEK ftZu ;zs[N
136
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
j?, i' d`zdK s'A nshs j? noEks ;odh-rowh nkfd d`zdK d`kok
(nB[e{bsk ftZu gqfse{bsk d/ tosD Bkb) d[Zy gj[zuD go Gh
fi;d/ wB ftZu joy (y[h) iK 'e BjhA j[zdk, i' Jhoyk ofjs,
fBot?o p[ZXh tkbk j? s/ i' oho fJ;fEsh d/ ekoB ;ji/ jh nzB
nkfd d/ gqkgs j'D :k Bk j'D ftZu joy-'e s'A ofjs j?, i'
;wdoh ns/ eow ftZu neow d/yD tkbk nksw-fBm j?,
oho fJ;fEsh eoe/, oho d`kok fGZfSnk nkfd eowK ftZu Gh w?A
e[ZM BjhA eodk pbfe r[D jh r[DK ftZu tos oj/ jB, fJ; gqeko
;dk d/yD tkbk j?, T[j ;zBk;h, nkswk B{z neosk ;wM b?D d/
ekoB, tk;st ftZu e[ZM Gh eow BjhA eodk. b'eK dh fdqNh
ftZu fJ; soQK dk g[o fttjko eodk j'fJnk Bo nkT[Adk j? gqzs{
k;sq gqwkD ns/ nkgD/ nB[Gt ns/ n;bhns ftZu T[j neosk
jh ofjzdk j?. e/tb b'eK d`kok jh eoskgB dk nXko'g ehsk
frnk j'D d/ ekoB, T[j g[o oho fBopkj wksq bJh ehs/ ikD
tkb/ fGZfSnk nkfd eowK B{z eodk j'fJnk Gh T[BQK ftZu BjhA
pZMdk feT[Afe frnkB o{g nZr d`kok ;ko/ jh ;kXB ;fjs eow,
(rhL n L 4 L 22)
G;w j' u[Ze/ jB.
fi; frnkBh dh p[ZXh, fJj ;G e[ZM pqjw jh j? fJT[A fJ;fEs j' rJh
j?, T[; bJh tk;st ftZu ;G eowK dk nGkt jh j' iKdk j? feT[Afe
feqnk, ekoe ns/ cb ;zpX
z h G/d-p[ZXh fJ; J/eZs` nt;Ek ftZu ofj
BjhA ;edh. i' eoskgB d/ nfGwkB ns/ cb dh fJZSk s'A ofjs j?, T[j
fe; eow d/ eoB tkbk j?< noEks e[ZM eodk jh BjhA. T[j fBZs,
nfeq: ;`Gkt ftZu fJ;fEs ofjzdk j'fJnk fBofteko j?. nfij/ frnkBh
d/ oho fBopkj bJh ehs/ j'J/ eow th neow j' i Kd/ jB feT[AfefrnkB d`kok BN j' rJ/ jB ;G ;z: fi;d/, nfij/ gqwksw
gok:D fJZe nksw-fdqNh tkb/ g[o B{z eow pzBQ BjhA ;ed/.
(rhL n L 4 L 41)
nwo t;s{
137
fJ; gqeko sZs`t/sk g[o d[nkok :EkoE doB s'A fto[ZX sEk
fwZE:k frnkB d/ ekoB j'D tkb/ eow, ;[gB ftZu Gh ;zGt BjhA
wzB/ ik ;ed/. ;G G{sK ftZu nkswk fJZe, ;w ns/ fBod' j?, fJT[A
;z: ofjs p[ZXh fi;dh ;fEo j' rJh j? ns/ i' w'j-nfrnkB s'A
ofjs j?, T[j nuZb p[ZXh tkbk frnkBh, pqjw ftZu jh fJ;fEs j?
noEks nfeq: j'D d/ ekoB, fe;/ Gh eow d/ eoB tkbk BjhA j?.
pqjw ftZu ekwBktK ns/ eow j? jh BjhA, ;G ekwBktK dk w{b
;zebg jh j?. ;zebg-ftebg, wB dh fpqsh j?. fi; nkswk ftZu
nzsjeoD jh BjhA, T[; ftZu ;zebgK dk j'Dk sK nek d/ c[ZbK
tKr{z jh ;wM'. fpqjdkoD:e T[gfBd ftZu fejk j?T[j, fi; ekwBk tkbk j[zdk j?, T[j' fij/ jh fB;u/ tkbk j[zdk j?.
fi; gqeko d/ fB;u/ tkbk j[zdk j?, T[jh eow eodk j? s/ i?;k eow
eodk j? t?;k jh cb gqkgs eodk j?.
(fpqj L T[ L 4. 4. 5)
iht i' th eow eodk j?, T[j ;G ekw (ekwBk) dh jh u/Nk j?.
(wB[ L 2. 4)
nzsjeoD ofjs nkswk ftZu fJj ;G e[ZM pD jh BjhA ;edk.

:[esh Bkb Gh fJjh pks f;ZX j[d
z h j? fe id ;G ;zebgK dk fsnkr
eo fdZsk iKdk j?, T[; tes e'Jh ok wksq Gh fjZb BjhA ;edk.
fJ; gqeko ;G ;zebgK s'A ofjs nkswk ftZu i' frnkBh g[o
fJ;fEs j?, T[j fe; soQK fe;/ eow bJh u/Nk eo/rk< feT[Afe T[;B/
nkswk B{z fBofteko ns/ nfeq: ;wfMnk j'fJnk j?. i' gokXhBsk
s'A S[ZN/ j'J/, k ;sq-gqwkD sEk r[o{-T[gd/ Bkb nkgD/ jh nkswk
B{z ;kyks pqjw o{g ;wM u[Ze/ jB,
T[j fe; rZb dk G? wzBe/, eowK
dk eosZt o{gh p'M (Gko) nkgD/ f;o go u[Zeh oZyDr/<

ftZd`kB fe;/ s'A Gh G?wkB BjhA j[zdk.
s/ nfrnkBh pko/ fejk j?-
(s?L T[L 2. 4. 1)
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
138
T[;B{z G? j[zdk j?.
(s?L T[L 2. 7. 1)
qh zeokuko: ih efjzd/ jBi/ wB[ nkswk B{z fBofteko ikD bt/ sK fco w?B{z nw[e G'r
fwb/ :k w?A nw[e eow eoK, fJ; soQK dh fJZSk BjhA eo ;edk
feT[Afe G'r ns/ eow d'B'A fteko jB. cb dh fJZSk tkbk j'D
d/ ekoB nfrnkBh, eowK ftZu gqftos j' iKdk j? gzqs{ fteko
ofjs nkswk B{z ;kykseko eo b?D tkb/ frnkBh ftZu, cb dh
fJZSk dk nGkt j'D d/ ekoB, T[;dh gqftosh BjhA j[zdh.
nkswk ftZu ;`Gkt s'A jh feqnk, ekoe s/ cb dk nGkt j?.
fJj ;G nftZdk d`kok nkswk ftZu nko'fgs jh j?. fJ; bJh
nftZdk ftZu c;/ j'J/ nfrnkBh ihtK bJh jh eowK dk eosZt
j?, frnkBh dk BjhA feT[Afe i' eosk j[zdk j?, T[jh eowK d/ eoB
Bkb fbgs Gh j[zdk j? gqzs{ frnkBh neosk j?, fJ; bJh eow-cb
Bkb fbgs BjhA j[zdkpqjw frnkBh ;dk fBob/g.. i?;/ ib wfj ewb nb/g..
(nzr 272
272))
j/ noiB! nBkdh ns/ r[DK nshs j'D d/ ekoB fJj nftBkh

gqwkswk, oho ftZu fJ;fEs j'fJnk Gh n;b ftZu Bk eodk j?
(rhL nL 13 L 31)
ns/ Bk fbgkfJwkB j[zdk j?.
nkswk e[ZM BjhA eodk fJ;h ekoB cb Bkb fbgs Gh BjhA
j[zdk. i' nkgD/-nkg B{z fJ; gqeko dk nkswk ikDdk j?, T[j fe;/
Gh eow dk eosk fe; soQK pD/rk ns/ cb Bkb fbgs fe; gqeko
j't/rk< i/ frnkB j' u[ZeD s'A pknd Gh fe;/ B{z eosZt Gk;dk j?
sK T[j fB;u/ jh nfrnkBh j?, fJ; ftZu e'Jh ;z: BjhA. T[;
ftZu iht d/ Xow (;[GkT[) tosd/ jB ns/ rqzEK d/ T[Zu f;XKs
gVQe/ nEtk ;[De/ nkgD/-nkg B{z efjD wksq jh pqjw efjzdk j?,
go pqjw (fBm) BjhA. pqjw ftZu wB, pkDh s/ oho nkfd ;zxks
nwo t;s{
139
(;w{j) oZ;h ftZu ;Zg dh soQK Gk;d/ jB. fiBQK d`kok eow ehs/
iKd/ jB, T[BQK pzfXnK (pKM fJ;sqhnK) d/ g[ZsqK gk;'A :[ZX eotke/,
oki ss go p?mDk ukj[zdk j? ns/ Bkb nkgD/-nkg B{z pkdkj
Gh ejkT[Adk j?. i/ T[j pkdkj j? sK oki dh gqkgsh bJh ;zebg
fe; kso T[Zm oj/ jB< fJ; ftZu ;gN jh j? fe T[j oki-rZdh
dk wkbe BjhA. fe; t;s{ dh gqkgsh ftZu ftxB g?D dk vo
;wMe/, eosZt dk ;zebg T[mkT[Adk j?<
(nz r 186
186))
nkgD/ s'A i[dk t;s{ dh gqkgsh bJh, t;s{ nB[;ko nBzs

gqeko d/ gq:sB j[zd/ jB. i' t;s{ fi; T[gkfJ d`kok fwbdh j?, T[;h
soQK dk jh T[gd/ j[zdk j?. wB ftZu tZ;h j'Jh t;s{ ns/ ;wM/ j'J/
T[gkfJ ftZu bZrD kso ;zebg T[Zmdk j? ns/ T[;h w[skfpe
feqnk ftZu i[N g?Adk j? gqzs{ fi; B{z tKfSs t;s{ ;G irQ fdy ojh
j't/, T[; Gog{o t;s{ dh gqkgsh tk;s/ eosZt bJh, e'Jh ;zebg
T[Zm ;edk j?< i' g[o pkjo-Ghso jo nt;Ek ns/ jo/e irQk
nkgD/ nkswk gqG{ B{z jh d/ydk j?, T[; (fJ; gqeko d/ pqjw ftZu
fJZe o; fwb/ j'J/) i'rh B{z Gbk fe; ew'oh d/ ekoB vo brdk j?<
T[; s'A fGzB Gh e'Jh j'o j? i' T[;d/ G? dk ekoD pD/<
i'rh eT[ e?;k vo[ j'fJ.. o{fy fpofy frqfj pkjfo ;'fJ..
(nzr 223
223))
ij ij d/yk sj sj ;[nkwh..
s{ xfN xfN oftnk nzsoikwh..
(nzr 96
96))
fJ; gqeko dh fJZe ftnkge t;s{ B{z nkgDk-nkg ikD e/,

T[; gqkgs t;s{ bJh Gh e'Jh ;zebg fe; soQK T[Zm ;edk j?< T[;
;zebg-{B t;s{ bJh fe; B{z eosZt j'Dk j?, j'Dk fe; tk;s/
ns/ j'Dk feT[A j?< eosZt dk ;zebg jh SZv'. nkgD/-nkg B{z
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
140
neosZt ;wM e/, nBzd g{ope pkeh ofjzdh gqkoZpX (g{opb/

eowK dk cb) nB[;ko oho dh u/Nk B{z d/y', ;kyh (fdqNk) ;dk
jh fBob/g j?.
fti'rhh-nb"fee esh gqdksk r[o{d/t! toD, nkqw d/ fuzBQ
i' o{oh ;wM e/ oho go XkoB ehs/ iKd/ jB, T[BQK Bh:s fuzBQK
ftZu'A i/ e'Jh fJZe rbsh Bkb Gzr j' iKdh ;h :kBh fe;/ tes
BjhA ofjzdk ;h sK fJ; G[Zb s'A pVk jh G? bZrdk j[zdk ;h gqzs{ j[D w/ok
wB fJ; pko/ pVk fBoG? j? ns/ ukj[zdk j? fe j[D/ jh ;G fuzBQ T[sko
e/ ;[ZN d/tK, fJj pDkT[Ad/ eh jB< fJBQK dk j'Dk nEtk Bk j'Dk,
fJZe' fijk jh Gk;dk j? fco T[; ftZu joy-'e eh j'Dk j?< i/
nkfrnk eo' sK fJBQK pko/ i' ykjwykj fuZs B{z fnkb d/Dk g?Adk
j?, T[; ;zebg d/ fBfwZs B{z fsnkr jh fdZsk ikt/.
;fsr[ o { - fti' r h! fJj s/ o h woh j? . fJBQ K dk fBoD:
fBeosZtsk d/ nzdo j' u[Zek j?. fJj pkjoh fuzBQ e/tb oho d/
jh Xow (XkoD :'r) jB, nkswk d/ BjhA. frnkBtkB fJ; d/j
nXk; (brkT[) s'A pkjo fBefbnk j'fJnk j[zdk j? :kBh fJzBQK
fuBQK B{z oho tKr jh nfBZs ikDdk j?.
toB fujB ;rbj s/ ojsk..
BkBe jfo jfo r[ow[fy i' ejsk..
(nzr 259-60
259-60))
fJj pkjoh fuzBQ ;[Gkfte jh oho go ojh ikD sK Gh e'Jh bkG

BjhA ns/ Bk ofjD sK Gh e'Jh jkBh BjhA j?. frnkBtkB d/ fuZs
ftZu fJBQK d/ oZyD :k Bk oZyD dh fpqsh jh T[d/ (T[d:) BjhA j[zdh.
fJe-o; pqjwkeko fpqsh, fJBQK ebfgs ehshnK j'JhnK t;s{nK
tb fXnkB jh ed'A fdzdh j?. nfBZs t;s{nK tZb'A N[ZfNnk j'fJnk
;zebg, fJBQK fuzBQK dh fB:s nt;Ek B{z ekfJw jh ed ofjD
fdzdk j?< feT[Afe frnkBh d/ fB;u/ ftZu fJBQK dh e'Jh edo BjhA
nwo t;s{
141
ofjzdh. ;ji ;[Gkn ofj rJ/ sK Gh tkj! tkj!! ns/ Bk oj/ sK Gh

tkj! tkj!! jo soQK nBzd jh nBzd j?. i/ frnkBtkB irs ftZu
T[geko eoB dh gqftosh tkbk j't/ sK b'eK dh oXk T[gikT[D
kso toD, nkqw d/ fuzBQ ekfJw oZy/ ns/ i/ fJ; b'e-fjsekoe
fJZSk s'A Gh T[Zgo nt;Ek tkbk j't/ sK T[; pko/ sK efjDk jh eh<
T[j fi; jkbs ftZu woh oj/. ;{s ;zfjsk (rqzE) d/ w[esh yzv
ftZu fJT[A fejk j?toD, nkqw nkfd d/j d/ ft: jB. nkswk ftZu d/j o{gh
T[gkXh ;zpzX d/ ekoB nftZdk d`kok ebfgs j?. w?A i' p'X o{g jK,
T[;dk fe;/ ekb ftZu Gh toD, nkqw nkfd Xow BjhA. fJT[A i' t/
dKs tkeK d`kok ikDdk j?, T[j nsh (go/) toD-nkqwh j?.
(;{sL w[L nL 5)
nksw-;kyks j'D s'A pknd, fi;dk toD ns/ nkqw dk

nkuko (nkuoD) fBftos j' frnk j?, T[j g[o ;G toD, nkqwK
B{z T[bzxD (gko) eoe/, nkgD/ nkswk ftZu fJ;fEZs j?. nkswk
d/ ;kyks d`kok, d/j nkfd nfGwkB fBftos j'D d/ ekoB, d/j d/
Bkb jh T[;dk toD, nkqw d/ XowK (fB:wK) dk Gh T[bzxD j'
iKdk j?. nfijk w[es g[o nsh toD-nkqwh j[zdk j? (toDnkqw d/ fB:wK s'A go/ j[zdk j?).
(;{sL w[L nL 5)
i' nkgD/ toD, nkqw d/ nfGwkB B{z SZve/ e/tb ;ò{g ftZu
jh fJ;fEs j?, T[; B{z t/dKs-t/sk g[o nsh toD-nkqwh efjzd/
jB.
(;{sL w[L nL 5)
toD-nkqw nkfd ;z;ko B{z T[bzxD eoe/ (bzx e/) fBofteko

nkswk ftZu fJ;fEs g[o B{z nsh toD-nkqwh efjzd/ jB. gqzs{
fJ; fJzdqh: ofjs nt;Ek B{z gqkgs j'J/ fpBK jh, i' toD-nkqw d/
XowK B{z fsnkr e/, wB woh dh u/Nk eoB tkbk j?, T[j gfss j'
142
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
iKdk j? feT[Afe T[j nfrnkBh j?. fJ; gqeko d/ w'j ftZu rq;/ j'J/
gqkDh B{z toD-nkqw d/ XowK :[es ofjDk jh T[fus j?.
iht eow Bkb pZMdk j? ns/ frnkB Bkb w[es j' iKdk j?,
fJ; bJh nftZdk s'A go/ dh nt;Ek B{z d/yD tkb/ w[Bh iB eow
BjhA eod/. eow, toD-nkqw d/ nB[;ko ehs/ iKd/ jB. nkswk
dk e'Jh toD-nkqw j? jh BjhA sK nkswk B{z fe; toD-nkqw
dk wzfBnk ikt/rk id fe T[;dh T[sgsh jh BjhA j'Jh< fJ; gqeko
dk niBwk-oho ofjs nkswk frnkBtkB dk nkgDk ;ò{g j?.
Bk fJj[ wkB;[ Bk fJj[ d/T[.. Bk fJj[ ish ejkt? ;/T[..
Bk fJj[ i'rh Bk ntX{sk.. Bk fJ;[ wkfJ B ekj{ g{sk..
fJnk wzdo wfj e"B p;kJh.. s
skk ek nzs[ B e'T{ gkJh.. ojkT[..
Bk fJj[ frojh Bk Udk;h.. Bk fJj[ oki B Ghy wzrk;h..
Bk fJ;[ fgzv[ B oes{ oksh.. Bk fJj[ pqjwB Bk fJj[ yksh..
Bk fJj[ sgk ejkt? ;/y[. Bk fJj[ iht? B wosk d/y[..
fJ;[ wos/ eT[ i/ e'T{ o't?.. i' o't? ;'Jh gfs y't?.. (nzr 871
871))
Bk fJj wB[Zy s/ Bk jh fJj d/tsk nkfd T[Zgo ejhnK j'JhnK
ebgBktK ftZu'A e'Jh fJZe j?, feT[A< fJ; bJh fe nkswk dk
oho, fJzdqhnK ns/ wB BjhA j?. T[gq'es ft/ D oho ftZu jB,
fJ; gqeko d/ nohoh nkswk ftZu fJj ;G e[ZM Bk j'D d/ ekoB
jh e'Jh eosZt BjhA j?. ;G ft/DK s'A ofjs nkswk pko/
:krtbe w[Bh B/ rkorh gqsh Gh fJ; gqeko eEB ehsk ;h:krtbe B/ fejk-j/ rkorh! T[; sZs` B{z sK pqjwt/sk (nOo)
no (Bk oB tkbk) efjzd/ jB, T[j Bk w'Nk j?, Bk gsbk, Bk S'Nk
j?, Bk tZvk, Bk bkb j?, Bk dqt, Bk Sk:k j?, Bk sw (nzXeko), Bk
tk:{ j?, Bk nkek, Bk ;zr j?, Bk o;, Bk rzX j?, Bk B/sq, Bk ezB
j?, Bk pkDh, Bk wB j?, Bk s/i, Bk gqkD j?, Bk w[Zy, Bk wkg j?, T[j
nwo t;s{
143
Bk nzsfo (nzdo) j?, Bk pkjo, T[j e[ZM Gh BjhA yKdk, T[;B{z e'Jh
Gh BjhA yKdk.
(fpjqL T[L 3. 8. 8)
fJ; gqeko dk nd[Zsh: nkswk, pkDh d/ eEB s'A pkjo j?. i'
fJj' fij/ neEBh: oho ofjs nkswk ftZu frnkBh b'e fJ;fEs
jB :kBh frnkBh g[oK dk nkgDk-nkg j?, T[j fe; eow d/
eoB tkb/ jB ns/ fe; eow B{z, fe; gk;'A eokT[D tkb/ jB< ;G
ftekoK dk w{b iBw j? ns/ nkswk iBw ofjs j'D d/ ekoB jh
fBofteko j?.
fJj g[o nftZdk nt;Ek ftZu ekoe, feqnk ns/ cb tkbk
j[zdk j?. tk;fsè nkswk ftZu nftZdk j? jh BjhA. ftZdtkBfrnkB d`kok cb, feqnk ns/ ekoe s'A ofjs ;opksw Gkt B{z
gqkgs j' iKdk j?. oZ;h dk fB;u/ j' ikD Bkb fiT[A ;Zg ns/ ;Zg dk
frnkB fBftos j' iKdk j? fsT[A jh nksw-frnkB Bkb nkswk
ftZu nftZdk d`kok gqshs j'D tkb/ ekoe, feqnk ns/ cb dh
fBftosh j' iKdh j?. fJ; gqeko dk w[es ;òg
{ fdykT[D tk;s/, fJ;sqh
Bkb fwb/ j'J/ g[o dk fdqNKs d/ e/ ;q[sh fJT[A eEB eodh j?-
w[esh dk ;ò{g
T[j fJ; dk ekw ofjs, gkg ofjs ns/ nG? o{g j?. fttjko ftZu
fi; gqeko nkgDh fJ;sqh d/ nkfbzrB eoB tkb/ g[o B{z Bk e[ZM
pkjo dk frnkB ofjzdk j? s/ Bk jh Ghso dk jh. fJ;h gqeko T[j
frnkBh g[o, gqr:kswk Bkb nkfbzrs j'D go Bk e[ZM pkjo dk
ft: ikDdk j? s/ Bk e[ZM nzdo dk jh, fJj fJ;dk nkgs ekw,
nksw ekw, nekw ns/ 'e-{B o{g j?.
(fpqjL T[L 4. 3. 21)
;G ekwBktK s'A ofjs ns/ Xow-nXow s'A Gh ofjs j?. G? sK

nftZdk dk ekoi j? i' G? s'A ofjs j?, T[; ftZu fB;u/ jh nftZdk
144
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
BjhA feT[Afe ekoi dk fB/X eoB Bkb, ekoB dk Gh fB/X eh sk

ikD b?Dk ukjhdk j?. fJ; gqeko fJj i' ftZdk (frnkB) dk cb
;opksw Gkt j? T[j ekw ofjs, g[zB-gkg ofjs ns/ nG? o{g j?.
;zgo{ B ;z;koe XowK s'A ofjs j?, fJ; bJh fBoG? j?. nksw-fJ;fEsh
B{z gqkgs j'J/ dh nt;Ek fdykT[D tk;s/ g[o-fJ;sqh d/ fwbD dk
fdqNKs fdZsk j?. T[; ;w/A fJZe-o; nB[Gt eo ojh fpqsh ftZu
ft / - nkBzd s'A fpBK fiT[A g[o B{z ;z;ko s'A p/ypoh j[zdh j? :kBh w/o/
s'A i[dk Gh e'Jh t;s{ j? fJj ;'Mh BjhA ofjzdh ns/ Bk jh fuZs d/
nzdo i' nBzs gqeko dh fuzsk j? nEtk y[h nkfd i' T[; tes s'A
gfjbK (d[Zy-;[Zy nkfd) ezv/ dh soQK oVed/ ofjD tkb/ ;B, fe;/ B{z
Gh BjhA ikDdk-fJ;sqh dh fJZSk g{osh bJh sEk nkg Gh ekw[e j'
e/, T[; o; ftZu wrB j' iKdk j?. fiT[A fJj fdqNKs j?, fsT[A jh d/j
ns/ fJzdqhnK nkfd ;zxks o{g (;w{j o{g) ib ftZu nkswk o{gh
uzdw
q K d/ gqshfpzp dh soQK, nkgD/ nkg B{z nfrnkB tZ; i[dk ;wMdk
j'fJnk, frnkB nt;Ek ftZu nkgD/ tk;fsè fpzp ;ò{g nkswk
:kBh gqG{ Bkb fJZe fwZe j' iKdk j?. nkgD/ wjkB nkBzd ;ò{g ftZu
fJ;fEs j' e/ pkjobhnK t;s{nK B{z BjhA ikDdk ns/ Bk jh nkgD/
ftZu nftZdk d`kok nko'fgs wB, fJzdqhnK ns/ d/j s'A T[sgzB j'D
tkb/ d[Zy-;[Zy B{z jh ikDdk j?. ;opksw Gkt Bkb pqjw o{g j'fJnk,
nkgD/ s'A fGzB fe;/ t;s{ B{z ;[gB nzdo Gh BjhA d/ydk, fiT[A J/eKs
ns/ fBoG? n;EkB ftZu fwbe/ fJ;sqh g[o dk G/d fwN iKdk j?.
fJ; rZb s'A f;ZX j[zdk j? fe ft/ eoe/ d`?s jh nBzs gqeko dh
ebgBk eokT[Adh j?. nkswk s'A fGzB t;s{ B{z ekfJw eok e/ fdykT[D
tkbh e/tb nftZdk jh j?. ;' fi; ;w/A fJ; nftZdk s'A fJj nkgD/nkg B{z i[dk ikD b?Adk j?, T[; tes fJ;dh ;G Bkb J/esk jh j'
iKdh j? sd nkswk ;`:z i'sh ;ò{g nkgD/ tk;fsè Gkt ftZu,
fJ;fEs j' iKdk j?. T[; gqeko dh ;[Gkfte ;ò{g fJ;fEsh ftZu
nwo t;s{
145
frnksk, frnkB ns/ r/: nkfd fsqg[NhnK* d/ Bk ofjD ekoB,

e'Jh ekwBk fe; gqeko dh j' ;edh j?<
;G Bkb J/esk jh fJ; dk ;ò{g j? fJ; bJh ;`:z i'sh ;ò{g
nkswk dk fJj o{g nkgs ekw j?. nkgD/ s'A i[dk fi; t;s{ B{z
;wfMnk iKdk j?, T[; ftZu jh fJZSk j[zdh j?. nfijh jkbs ftZu
T[j nBksw ekw j[d
z k j? gqs
z { id fJ;dh ;G Bkb J/esk j' iKdh j?,
T[; ;w/A ;G ekwBk fJ; B{z gqkgs jh ofjzdhnK jB, fJ; bJh
nkgs ekw j?.
q[sh efjzdh j? fe nkswk s'A i[dk e'Jh t;s{ BjhA j?. fi;
gqeko ikfrqs ns/ ;[gB ftZu nftZdk d/ ekoB, nBzs o{g fdyd/
jB ns/ T[BQK dh ekwBk Gh j[zdh j?, gqzs{ nftZdk o{g j/s{ dk nGkt
j' ikD go nkswk s'A fGzB ;G ftfnK dk nGkt j?. fJj fJ;
gqeko dk o{g, jo jkbs ftZu jh 'e s'A ofjs j?.
fJ; gqeoD ftZu q[sh B/ ;[y[gsh nt;Ek ftZu nkswk dk
nkgsekw, nkswekw, nekw ns/ 'e {B o{g fdykfJnk j? fe
e'Jh Gh nt;Ek j't/, t;s{ dk ;`Gkt BjhA pdbdk. nkswk j? jh
fJ; gqeko dk :kBh fJj nkswk dk ;[Gkfte ;ò{g j?. fJ; s'A
ftgohs i' nfrnkBhnK B{z Gk;dk j?, T[j nftZdk dk gqGkt j?.
;[y[gsh nt;Ek ftZu, nkswk s'A fGzB e'Jh d{ih t;s{ BjhA
j?, fJ; bJh nkswk nkgD/ s'A i[dk e[ZM Gh nB[Gt BjhA eodk.
fdqNk nkswk dh fdqNh sK T[; t/b/ Gh nfpBkh :kBh w"i{d j?
fiT[A nZr dh rowkJh s/ gqek, nZr d/ Bkb jh ofjD tkb/ jB(fpqjL T[L 4. 3. 23)
fdqNk dh fdqNh dk ed/ b'g BjhA j[zdk.
fJT[A [qsh efjzdh j? gqzs{ T[; tes e'Jh d{ih t;s{ BjhA j?. fi;
B{z fe fdqNk d/y/. fJj mhe j?, T[; ;w/A nB/e tkBktK phi o{g j'
*
fsqg[Nh L frnksk, frnkB, r/:l fXnksk, fXnkB, X:/:l gqwksk, gqwkD, gqw/:,
fdqNk, fdqNh ns/ fdq nkfd j'o th fsqg[NhnK k;sq gqfefonk ftZu fwbdhnK jB.
146
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
e/ ;kyh d/ nkfqs nftZdk ftZu gJhnK jB, T[j gqsZy Bk j'D d/

ekoB jh ;kyh d/ fdqNh r'uo BjhA j[zdhnK. fJj nftZdk dh Ks
nt;Ek ftZu fe; fJzdqh: Bkb fe; t;s{ B{z d/y/< gqzs{ frnkB
d`kok T[; phi ;fjs nftZdk dk ftBk j' ikD go, T[j nkgD/
s'A fGzB fe;/ t;s{ B{z BjhA d/ydk. nfijk nkgs-ekw, nkswekw, nekw ns/ 'e {B i' frnkBtkB dk nkgDk ;ò{g j?, T[;
ftZu e'Jh eosZt BjhA. fBeosZtsk d/ ekoB, T[j 'e-{B
o{g j?. fJj gqf;ZX jh j? fe fi; B{z e'Jh ekwBk BjhA j[zdh, T[j 'e s'A
ofjs j[zdk j?, wB-woh w[skfpe i' ftfnK dh fJZSk j[zdh j?,
T[;dk gqkgs jh Bk j'Dk 'e dk fBfwZs pDdk j?. g[o fi; t;s{
B{z ukj[zdk j?, T[;d/ Bk fwbD go iK fwb/ j'J/ gdkoE d/ ft:'r
Bkb, fuZs ftZu T[;d/ r[DK dk fuzsB ofjD eoe/ d[yh j[zdk j?,
fJj 'e j? gqzs{ nkswk nekw j? :kBh ;G ekwBktK s'A ofjs j?.
ekwBktK sK nftZdk d`kok nkgD/ tk;st ;ò{g B{z G[Zb e/ jh
j[zdhnK ;B. ftZdk nt;Ek ftZu ;G ekwBktK B{z T[bzxD eo
frnk, :kBh nftZdk s'A go/ dh nt;Ek nkswk ftZu fJ;fEs
j?, fJ; bJh 'e ofjs j?. d`?s Bk ofjD d/ ekoB sZs`t/sk nkgD/
nkswk ftZu jh wrB j' iKdk j?i' wB[Zy nkswk ftZu jh gqhsh tkbk, nkswk ftZu jh fsqgs
ns/ nkswk ftZu jh ;zs[N j't/, T[; B{z e'Jh eosZt Bj] W.
(rhL nL 3 L 17)
ekwBk nB[;ko nZSh p[oh rsh s/

fBekw pqjwt/sk dh w[esh
fJ; iht dk wB, fi; gdkoE ftZu nszs yfuZs j[zdk W,
T[;h d/ cb B{z fJj nfGbkk :[es j' e/, eow ;fjs gqkgs eodk
W. fJ; b'e (wks-b'e) ftZu fJj i' e[ZM eodk W, T[; eow dk cb
nwo t;s{
147
gqkgs eoe/, T[; b'e s'A eow eoB bJh fco fJ; b'e ftZu nk
iKdk W, ekwBk eoB tkbk wB[Zy ntZ jh fJ; soPK eodk W.
(ekwBk Bk eoB tkb/ g[o d/ ft/ ftZu efjzd/ jB) i' nekw,
fBekw, nkgs-ekw ns/ nksw-ekw j[zdk W, T[;d/ gqkDK dk
T[seqwD* Bj] j[zdk, T[j pqjw j[zdk j'fJnk jh pqjw B{z gqkgs j'
iKdk W.
(fpqjL T[L 4. 4. 6)
fJj fB;fus rZb W fe ekwBk jh ;z;ko dk o{g W. fJ; bJh

fi;dh ekwBk fBftos j' rJh W, T[; fBekw frnkBtkB d/
d`kok ehs/ ik oj/ ;ko/ jh eow, pzfXnk (pKM) fJ;sqh d/ g[sq s[Zb j'
iKd/ jB. G[Zi/ j'J/ phi dh soQK T[j nfGbkk ns/ eosk p[ZXh s'A
jhB ehs/ j'J/ eow, nze[o T[sgZsh d/ :'r BjhA ofjzd/. fJ; bJh T[;
sZs`t/sk g[o d/ gqkD fe;/ d{ih irQk BjhA iKd/ :kBh j'o oho
XkoB BjhA eod/. gqkD ns/ oho dk fti'r j[zd/ jh nkgD/-nkgD/
ekoB ftZu ;G nt?t (gqhtosBhb) bhB j' iKd/ jB. nkswk
ftZu fJ;fEs g[o pqjw o{g jh j? :kBh pqjw B{z gqkgs j' iKdk
j?. nkgD/ nkswk s'A fe;/ fpbZSD pqjw B{z BjhA feT[Afe nkswk
s'A i[dk e'Jh pqjw BjhA j?, fi; B{z fe;/ d{ih irQk ike/ gqkgs eo/.
nfrnkB nt;Ek s/ frnkB nt;Ek fJBQK d'jK nzdo, pqjw dk
o{g fJZe' fijk jh j?. nfijk BjhA fe frnkB j' ikD Bkb gfjbh
nt;Ek s'A fpbZSD pqjw dh gqkgsh j[zdh j?.
g q B -i/ fJj rZb j? sK frnkBh ns/ nfrnkBh d'B'A w[es jh
jB, pqjw d'jK B{z jh fBZs-gqkgs j? sK fco frnkBh w[es j? ns/
nfrnkBh izwdk-wodk j?, fJ; gqeko feT[A fejk iKdk j? sEk
fBZs-gqkgs t;s{ bJh g[okoE dh Gh eh b'V j?<
* gqkD d/j s'A T[Zgo tZb :kBh pkjo BjhA iKd/.
148
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
T[ Z so
so-i' ekwBk tkbk j[zdk j?, T[jh ;z;ko d/ pzXB B{z gqkgs
j[zdk j? ns/ i' ekwBk eoB tkbk BjhA j?, T[j ;z;ko d/ pzXB ftZu
BjhA g? ;edk. pqjw d/ ftZdwkB jz[d/ j'J/ Gh, nftZdk d/ ekoB
nkgD/-nkg B{z ng{oB ikD e/, nkgD/ s'A fGzB t;s{ B{z d/y
nfrnkBh ekwBk eodk j? ns/ T[; ekwBk d/ nB[;ko feqnk
d`kok cb gkT[Adk noEks woe/ fco iBw rqjD eodk j?. T[;
iBw ftZu fco ekwBk eodk j? ns/ cb ykso woe/ fe;/ oho
tkb/ nkgD/-nkg B{z izfwnk j'fJnk d/ydk j?, fJj' jh jkbs
jbN (jojN) dhnK fNzvK* tKr{z j[zdh ofj e/, iBw s/ woB dk nzs
BjhA j[zdk. gqzs{ frnkB d`kok fi;dh T[j nftZdk noEks BkBk
gqeko dh gqshsh d/ ekoB nGkt j' iKdk j?, i' gfjbK jh g{oB ;h
e/tb nftZdk d`kok ng{oB fijk ikBD bZr frnk ;h, T[j
g[o nkgD/-nkg B{z g{oB ikD e/, nkgD/ s'A fGzB t;s{ Bk T[Zgo,
Bk Bhu/, Bk ;Zi/, Bk yZp/, Bk ;kwQD/, Bk fgZS/ d/ydk j? sK ekwBk
fe; dh eo/< fi; bJh ;G e[ZM nkswk-pqjw (Gog{o) jh j' frnk
j?, T[j fe; fJzdqh: d`kok, fe; t;s{ B{z d/y/, ;[D/ nEtk ikD/<
fi; pqjwt/sk dh fdqNh ftZu nkgD/ nkswk s'A fGzB e'Jh gdkoE
jh BjhA, T[j ekwBk s'A {B j'D d/ ekoB jh w[es j?. fi;dh
fdqNh ftZu fJZe nkswk jh ofj frnk j?, T[; ftZu Gh i/ e'Jh
ekwBk dh ebgBk eo/ sK fB;u/ jh T[j ekwBk nkswk dh jh j'
;edh j?, j'o fe; t;s{ dh j't/rh< fJ;h tk;s/ q[sh B/ T[; B{z
nksw ekw nkfynk j? feT[Afe id e'Jh g[ZSdk j? sd T[;dk
T[Zso Gh T[;d/ w[skfpe jh d/Dk j[zdk j?. i' e[ZM fi; eb ftZu
Gh T[;d/ pko/ fejk ikt/rk, T[j ebgBk jh j't/rh. T[; ebgBk
*
g[okD/ wkB/ ftZu y{j u'A gkDh eZYD dk ;kXB jbN (jojN) j[zdk ;h i' fNzvK
:kBh gkDh d/ Go/ vZfpnK B{z x[zwkT[Adk ;h. y{j ftZu'A gkDh GoBk, T[Zgo nke/ ykbh
j'Dk ns/ fco Bhu/ ikDk, Goe/ T[Zgo nkT[Dk o{g uZeo eZNd/ ofjzd/ ;B.
nwo t;s{
149
{B ftZu, fe;/ ebgBk B{z fwNkT[D ykso jh e'Jh ebgBk ehsh

iKdh j?, T[;dk e'Jh j'o wsbp BjhA ;wMDk. nkswk s'A fGzB
e[ZM ofjzd/ j'J/ Gh, ebgBk fe; soQK fwN ikt/rh< noEks nkgD/
s'A fGzB gqwkswk B{z d/yD tkbk fBoftebg Ks-gd B{z gqkgs
fe; soQK j't/rk< d{ik fdydk Gh j? s/ ebgBk Gh e'Jh BjhA, fJj
ebgBk sK fBoh M{mh j?. fJ; fwEk ebgBk d/ fwNkT[D yksonkswk B{z Bk gj[zu e/ wB ;fjs pkDh tkg; w[V nkT[Adh j?.
(s?L T[L 2. 9. 1)
fJ; gqeko q[sh B/ eEB ehsk j? fe T[j wB ns/ pkDh dk

ft: BjhA j?. nzsjeoD s'A ofjs j'D d/ ekoB, nkswk B{z
;zebg-{B efjDk g?Adk j?. nd`?s fJj pd Gh d`?s d/ T[vkT[D
kso ebfgnk frnk j? feT[Afe gqek jh nzXeko dk fto'Xh j?.
nBkswk d/ ofjzd/ j'J/ ;opkswk j' Gh BjhA ;edk, fJj d'B'A pksK
gqek ns/ nzXeko d/ ;wkB fJeZmhnK BjhA ofj ;edhnK. ;opksw
fdqNh tkb/ bJh, ekwBk d/ :'r e'Jh t;s{ Bk ofjD d/ ekoB,
eow BjhA ehs/ ik ;ed/. qh nkfd zeokuko: fJT[A efjzd/ jBpqjwt/sk sK n;hA T[; B{z efjzd/ jK fi;B/ nkswk B{z G[Zyfgnk; nkfd s'A nshs ns/ gkg s'A fBob/g ikfDnk j?, T[; ;dk
jh G[Zy nkfd s'A nshs nkswk B{z d/ydk j?, feT[Afe i' nkswk s'A
i[dk, rqjD ns/ fsnkr eoB :'r t;s{ B{z BjhA d/ydk, T[; gk;'A
eow ehs/ ikD/ ;zGt BjhA jB.
eow, nfrnkBhnK d`kok ehs/ ikD tkb/ jB feT[Afe T[j
pqjw frnkB d/ :[es BjhA jB. fJ; bJh eosk p[ZXh j'D d/
ekoB, T[BQK B{z gkg brdk j? ns/ gkg dh fBftosh bJh eow
eoB/ Gh nsh o{oh jB. fi; B{z ekwBk d/ :''r e'Jh gdkoE jh
BjhA, T[; ftZu ekwBk d/ Bk j'D ekoB, iBw BjhA j[zdk s/ fJ;
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
150
tk;s/ jh T[j w[es j?.

ekwBk Bk eoB tkb/ g[o d/ eowK dk nGkt j'D d/ ekoD jh,
T[;d/ gqkD fe;/ d{i/ oho B{z XkoB ykso pkjo BjhA iKd/. fi;
tes Gh T[;dh d`?s fdqNh dk ekoD nftZdk, ftZdk d`kok Bk
j' iKdh j?, T[;h t/b/ T[j g[o ;opksw fdqNh j'D d/ ekoD w[es
j?, Gkt/A T[j d/j tkbk gqshs fdzdk j? fezs{ T[j pqjw jh j?. i'
nfrnkB tZ; nBzs ekwBktK ofjzdhnK ;B, T[BQK d/ nGkt j'D
go pqjw j[zdk j'fJnk Gh T[j pqjw jh j' iKdk j?. oho Bk d/
pknd BjhA noEks fJ; oho d/ ofjzd/ j'J/ jh ekwBktK d/ NZ[N
ikD Bkb, T[;h t/b/ pqjw ftZu gqt/ eo iKdk j?. oZ;h ftZu ;Zg
dk nGkt j[zd/ jh, fiT[A oZ;h gfjbK Gh oZ;h jh ;h, sd th nkgD/
;ò{g ftZu fJ;fEs j' iKdh j?.
nfijk BjhA fe woB s'A pknd T[;dh rsh e'Jh j'o j' iKdh j?.
i' Gkt, ihts nt;Ek ftZu ;h, T[;h Gkt :[es j'fJnk frnkBh,
pqjw o{g j' iKdk j?. nZr dk gqek ns/ row ;[GkT[ (Xow) nZr d/
Bkb jh ofjD tkbk j?, nfijk BjhA fe nZr j'o j? sEk T[;dk Xow
gqek s/ T[Dsk (rowh) j'o uh j?. id fe ihts nt;Ek ftZu
G[Zy-fgnk; nkfd XowK s'A nshs, fBofteko :kBh niBwk
nkswk B{z nkgDk o{g ikfDnk j? sd oho d/ woB pknd fJ;
gqeko d/ ekwBk {B nkswk ftZu fejVh spdhbh nk ikDh j?<
oho dk ;zpzX sK T[; t/b/ jh N[ZN iKdk j? id nkswk B{z nohoh
;wM fbnk iKdk j?. T[; nohoh Gkt ftZu fJ;fEs j'J/ g[o dk,
T[j fejVk oho j? fi;d/ woB Bkb, T[; ftZu e'Jh spdhbh nk
ikD dk vo j?< nfrnkBhnK d`kok ebfgnk j'fJnk fwqrfsqBk dk
ib, Bk fgnk; p[Mk ;edk j? ns/ Bk jh fgqEth B{z frZbk eodk j?.
i' nfrnkBh, frnkBtkB B{z d/j tkbk d/yd/ jB sK eh frnkBtkB
nwo t;s{
151
d/j tkbk jh j?< fJT[A BjhA fejk ik ;edk feT[Afe T[j d/j s'A ofjs
nkswk jh j?. d/j s'A ofjs j'J/ g[o dk gqkoZpX d/ ekoB i' oho
nfrnkBhnK B{z fd;dk j? sK T[j gqkoZpX d/ sw j'D go fdyD s'A
jN ikt/rk. fJ; ftZu nohoh nkswk d/ frnkB :[es g[o B{z
eh b/g j?<
gqwkswk s'A i[dk Bk e'Jh ;z;koh j? ns/ Bk jh e'Jh w[es j?, fJZe
gqwkswk jh j?. id fJj nftZdk tkbk j[zdk j? sd ;z;koh pD iKdk
j? ns/ id nftZdk s'A ofjs fBofteko ;òg
{ ftZu fJ;fEs j' iKdk j?
sd w[es ejkT[Adk j?, fJ; bJh nftZdk dh fBftosh jh w[esh j?.
fJZe gqwkswk jh ;z;koh sEk n;z;koh j?, fJj' tiQk j? w[esh fe;/ d{ih
irQk ike/ gqkgs BjhA j'Dh j[d
z h. id fe fJ; s'A fGzB j'o e'Jh Gh
gqwkswk BjhA j? sK fe; pqjw d/ doB Bkb fJj g[o feqs-feqs
:kBh w[es j'tr
/ k< fJZe jh g[o okik ns/ fGykoh, ikfrqs ns/ ;[gB
ftZu pfDnk j'fJnk j?. i' fBqd
z k d' d/ ekoB, ;[gB ftZu nkgD/-nkg
B{z fGykoh wzBdk j? sK fJ; dhBsk s'A S[ZND tk;s/, T[; B{z fe; irQk
ikDk gt/rk< gbzx T[Zs/ fgnk j'fJnk jh T[j g[o, fBzdqk d/ N[ZN ikD
Bkb okik jh j?, feT[Afe fJZe' g[o, ikfrqs ns/ fBzdqk d/ ekoB, okik
ns/ fGykoh j?Bogfs J/e[ f;zxk;fB ;'fJnk ;[gB/ GfJnk fGykoh..
nSs oki fpS[os d[y[ gkfJnk ;' rfs GJh jwkoh..
oki G[fJnzr gq;zr i?;/ jfj np eS[ wow[ iBkfJnk..
nfBe eNe i?;/ G{fb go/ np ejs/ ejB[ B nkfJnk..
;op/ J/e[ nB/e? ;[nkwh ;G xN G['rt? ;'Jh..
efj oftdk; jkE g? B/o? ;ji/ j'fJ ;[ j'Jh.. (nzr 657-658
657-658))
fgnko/ fti'rh! ;opksw Gkt jh s/ok tk;fsè ;ò{g j?. T[;
ftnkge, [ZX, niBwk t;s{ ftZu i' nftZdk d`kok nBzs gqe ko
152
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
dh GqKsh j' ojh j?, gqwksw gqkgsh bJh T[;dh fBftosh s'A fpBK Gh
e[ZM eoBk g?Adk j?. fJj rZb sK fJT[A j? fiT[A e'Jh ej/ fe oZ;h dh
gqkgsh tk;s/ ;Zg ns/ ;Zg-frnkB dh fBftosh fpBK Gh j'o e'Jh
eosZt j?. :k fJT[A ;wM' fe eVk, e[zvb nkfd Bkw-o{g B{z SZv e/
Gh ;òB (;'B/) dh gqkgsh bJh e[ZM j'o gq:sB dh o{os j?. fiT[A
;Zg ns/ ;Zg-frnkB dh fBftosh jh oZ;h dh gqkgsh j? ns/ Bkw,
o{g dh ebgBk B{z SZv d/Dk jh ;òB dk bZG ikDk j?, fsT[A jh
nftZdk dh fBftosh jh ;opksw Gkt dh gqkgsh j?.
rfjfDnK d/ nBzs Bkw ns/ o{g, ;òB (;'Bk) B{z fBZs jh gqkgs
jB. T[j fejVk G{B j?, i' ;òB s'A i[dk j?< fJj' tiQk j? fe sZst/sk
nkgs-ekw j? feT[Afe g{oB pqjw ftZu T[j fejVh t;s{ j?, fi;dh
oZ;h ftZu ;Zg dh soQK gqshsh BjhA j?< ;[gB nt;Ek ftZu T[j
fejVk o{g j?, fi; ftZu ;[gBkth (;[gBk b?D tkbk) w"i{d BjhA j?<
nkswt/sk B{z ;G e[ZM gqkgs jh j?, fJ;h tk;s/ T[j nekw j?. i'
ekwBk s'A ofjs j[zdk j?, T[;h B{z fBekw efjzd/ jB. fJ; gqeko d/
bZSDK tkbk fJZe pqjw jh j?, T[; s'A ftgohs GqKsh d/ fBftos
j'D go sZs`t/sk pqjw jh j' iKdk j?.
tk;st ;ò{g s'A T[bN i' e[ZM Gh GqKsh d/ ekoB Gk;dk W,
T[;dk ftBk, eq'VK eow Gh Bj] eo ;ed/ feT[Afe eow sK ;`:z
GqKsh o{g nftZdk jh W. nftZdk dk ftBk, nftZdk Bj] eo
;edh. fJ; bJh ftZdk :kBh frnkB d`kok GqKsh fBftos j' e/
fBZs gqkgs ;ò{g dh gqkgsh j' iKdh W. fiT[A oZ;h ftub/ ;Zg dh
fBftosh fe;/ th eow d`kok Bj] j' ;edh f;tkJ/ gqek s'A, fsT[A
jh gqkgs pqjw dh gqkgsh f;tkJ/ frnkB s'A ed/ Gh Bj] j' ;edh.
nftZdk dh fBftosh jh w[esh W, fJ;h tk;s/ fe;/ d{ih irQk
rwB d/ nGkt ekoB f;zfwqsh dk eEB Wfi; soPK nkek ftZu gzShnK d/ ns/ ib ftZu ibuo ihtK
nwo t;s{
153
d/ g?oK d/ fBkB fdykJh Bj] fdzd/, T[;h gqeko frnkBhnK dh rsh

ikDh Bj] iKdh.
(wjkL KL 239. 14)
ib tkbk posB u[Ze b?D go ;{oi dk gqshfpzp ;{oi d/ jh
Bkb fwb iKdk W sEk xV/ d/ Bk j' ikD go (xNOnkek)
xNkek (wjKOnkek) wjKek ftZu bhB j' iKdk W. fJ;h soPK
T[gkXh d/ fBftos j'D go eosk-G'rsk iht, nBzs, nwo, fBfeq:
ns/ fBoG? pqjw Bkb nG/d j' iKdk W.
fJ; nkswk B{z gqkgs eoe/ fohrD, frnkB fsqgs, feqsfeqs, ftoZes ns/ gqKs j' iKd/ jB. T[j Xhoi tkb/ g[o, T[;
;op-rs pqjw B{z ;G gk;/ gqkgs eoe/, woB d/ ;w/A ;wkfjs :kBh
;ò{g ftZu fJekrq fuZs j'e/, ;op o{g pqjw ftZu jh gqt/ eo iKd /
jB.
(w[zL T[L 3. 2. 5)
sZs`t/sk ftZu ekwBk Bj] W, fJ;h tk;s/ T[;dh e'Jh j'o rsh
Bj] Wi' g[o G'rK dh fJZSk eodk W, T[j ekwBktK dh gqkgsh dh
irPk ftZu ike/ T[sgzB j[zdk ofjzdk W gqzs{ fi; dhnK ekwBktK
g{oB j' rJhnK jB, T[; feqs-feqs g[o dhnK sK ;kohnK ekwBktK,
fJ; b'e ftZu jh bhB j' iKdhnK jB.
(w[zL T[L 3. 2. 2)
nkswk B{z Bk ikBD tkb/ nfrnkBh ihtK bJh, gqwkswk

pj[s d{o W ns/ frnkBh g[oK dk nkswk jh j'D eoe/ T[j joh
nsh ;whg W. fJ; bJh nfrnkBh wo e/ fe;/ d{ih irPk iKd/ jB
gqzs{ frnkBtkBK dk nkswk jh pqjw j'D d/ ekoB fes/ Gh Bj]
iKd/. T[j pqjw ;ko/ jh ihtK dh p[ZXh ftZu ofjzdk W gqzs{ nfrnkBh
iht fJj Bj] ikDd/, fJ;/ ekoB T[; B{z nkgD/ s'A fes/ d{o wzBd/
jB. T[; pqjw dk ;ò{g, [qsh fJT[A eEB eodh WT[j pqjw wjkB fdZt s/ nfuzs o{g W. T[j ;{yw s'A Gh ;{ywso
154
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
Gk;wkB j[zdk W sEk d{o s'A Gh d{o gqzs{ fJ; oho ftZu nszs
B/V/ Gh W. T[j u/sB (gqG{) gqkDhnK d/ fJ; oho Ghso, T[BPK dh
p[ZXh o{g r[ck nzdo S[fgnk j'fJnk W.
(w[zL T[L 3. 1. 7)
jo fJZe gqkDh dh p[ZXh o{g r[ck nzdo t;dk W, wsbp fe T[j

gqG{ W sK ftnkge, fJj Bj] fe p[ZXh ftZu jh ofjzdk W pkeh oho
nEtk j'o irPk BjhA W. p[ZXh, ;s' r[D dk ekoi j'D d/ ekoB ;`ZS
W, fJ; bJh T[; dk gqsZy doB p[ZXh ftZu jh j[zdk W, fiT[A ;{oi
dk gqshfpzp fgqEth ns/ dhtko nkfd ;G irPk jh g?Adk W gqzs{ ib,
hk :k j'o fe;h T[Zib ns/ uwehbh t;s{ ftZu jh Bo nkT[Adk
W id fe T[j gqwkswk oho d/ ftZu jh ofjzdk W sK T[;dh gqkgsh
tk;s/ fe;/ j'o n;EkB ftZu feT[A ikDk gt/rk< ftnkge t;s{ s'A
e'Jh Gh irPk puh j'Jh Bj] j[zdh, fiT[A ;z;ko nzdo, T[j fejVh EK
W fi; ftZu nkek Bj]< T[j p[ZXh ftZu tZ;D tkbk j'D d/
ekoB, ns:zs Bdhe W ns/ ftnkge th Wij ij d/yk sj sj ;[nkwh..
s{ xfN xfN oftnk nzsoikwh..
fJ;[ r[ck wfj ny[N Gzvkok..
fs;[ ftfu t;? jfo nby ngkok..
(nzr 96
96))
(nzr 124
124))
wB[ wzdo[ sB[ ;kih pkfo.. fJ; jh wX/ p;s[ ngko..

fJ; jh Ghsfo ;[Bhns ;kj[..
(nz r 180-81
180-81))
etB[ pkgkoh ik ek T{jk ft;kj[..
;G feS[ xo wfj pkjfo Bkjh.. pkjfo N'b? ;' Gofw G[bkjh..
(nzr 102
102))
nzsfo t;s[ w{Vk pkjo[ Gkb/.. wBw[y nzX/ fcofj p/skb/..

(nzr 117
117))
i? ekofD sfN shoE ikjh.. osB gdkoE xN jh wkjh..
nwo t;s{
155
gfV gfV gzfvs[ pkd[ tykD?.. Ghsfo j'dh t;s[ B ikD?..

(nz r 152
152))
n?;k w/ok okw[ ofjnk Gog{fo.. fBefN t;? Bkjh jfo d{fo..
(nz r 165
165))
g/y? p'b? ;[D? ;G[ nkfg.. ;dk ;zfr sk eT[ wB ikfg..

(nzr 183
183))
w/o? nzsfo gqhfs brh d/yB eT[ r[fo fjod/ Bkfb fdykfJnk..
(nzr 172
172))
w'fj w'fjnk ikB? d{fo W.. ej[ BkBe ;dk jd{fo W..
(nzr 210
210))
d{fo B B/o? ;G e? ;zrk.. ;u[ ;kbkjD[ BkBe jfo ozrk..

(nzr 236
236))
YYk Y{Ys ej fcoj[ Y{YB[ fJnk wB wkfj..

;zfr s[jko? gqG[ p;? pB[ pB[ ejk fcokfj..
(nz r 256
256))
tk;[d/t ;opsq w? T{B B esj{ mkfJ..

nzsfo pkjfo ;zfr W BkBe ekfJ d[okfJ..
(nzr 259
259))
j/oT[ xfN xfN ;rb e? g{fo oj/ GrtkB..

j'ts nkJ/ ;d ;dht d[y GziB r[o frnkB..
(nzr 260
260))
ekj/ o/ pB y'iB ikJh..

;op fBtk;h ;dk nb/gk s'jh ;zfr ;wkJh..
(nzr 684
684))
fJ; gqeko dk ftnkge gqwkswk i' fjod/ nzdo T[gbZpX j'D

tkbk W, T[; gqkgs t;s{ dh gqkgsh dk n;EkB e'Jh j'o ebgBk
eoBk sK fJT[A ;wM' fiT[A nkek B{z w[Zmh ftZu geVB dk :sB
eoBk. pqjw fBZs jh gqkgs j? e/tb nftZdk d/ ekoB, npqjw
fijk gqshs d/D bZr iKdk j? :kBh ihtgBk Gk;dk j?. fizBK Gh
r[o{ ns/ k;sq d`kok g[o koE j?, T[j ;G fJ; nftZdk d/ ftBk
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
156
ykso jh j?. fJ; gqeko j'D go fBZs gqkgs pqjw dh gqkgsh bJh
g[okoE Gh ;cb j?. fJj' tiQk j? fe nftZdk dh fBftosh s'A
fpBK, e'Jh j'o w[esh BjhA j?. pqjw dh gqkgsh, doB nEtk
;kykseko e[ZM Gh ej', fJ; s'A T[Zgo w[esh d/ pko/ ftZu i' e[ZM
Gh j?, T[j e'Jh nftZdk dh jh nt;Ek j't/rh, pqjw BjhA j?;' gqG[ d{fo Bkjh gqG[ s{z j?..
(nzr 354
354))
fJfsnkfd r[od
{ t
/ d/ wjKtkeK s'A ;gN j' iKdk j? fe i/ gqwkswk
d/ doB dh nfGbkk eoB tkb/ g[o s'A gqwkswk fes/ j'o tZyoh
EK j[zdk sK fJj fe; soQK fejk ik ;edk j? fe T[j gqG[ s{z j?< i/eo
fJ; soQK j? sK fJj ;`:z gqG{ j[zdk j'fJnk Gh fe; gqwkswk dk
fejVh irQk doB gk e/, w[es j't/rk< ftZd`kB dk fe;/ irQk Gh
rwB BjhA j[zdk, fJ; oho ftZu jh pqjw B{z gqkgs j' iKdk j?, fJj
fdykT[Ad/ jBfi; ;w/A fJ;d/ fjod/ ftZu ofjD tkbhnK ;zg{oB ekwBktK dk
Bk j' iKdk j? sK fco T[j woB-Xowk nzfwqs j' iKdk j? ns/ fJ;
irQk (fJ; oho ftZu jh) T[; B{z pqjw dh gqkgsh j' iKdh j?. fJ;
ftZu fdqNKs fdzd/ jBfi; gqeko ;Zg dh ezi, powh T[Zgo w'Jh ns/ ;Zg d`kok fsnkrh
j'Jh gJh ofjzdh j?, T[;h gqeko fJj oho fgnk ofjzdk j? ns/ noho
nzfwqs gqkD (nkswk) sK pqjw jh j?-s/i jh j?
(fpqjL T[L 4. 4. 7)
nkgD/ s'A tZyok i' nBkswk fdydk j?, T[BQK fdZy oj/ gdkoEK
dhnK ekwBktK jh nftZdk o{gh w"s j?. fJ; w"s dk nGkt jz[d/
jh, frnkBtkB fJ;/ oho ftZu w"s s'A ofjs j' iKdk j? feT[Afe
nftZdk tkbk jh wodk s/ izwdk ;h, T[; nftZdk s'A ofjs
j'fJnk nwo j' iKdk j?.
;Zg d`kok fsnkrh j'Jh ezi, fiT[A powh T[Zs/ gJh ofjzdh j?, T[;
nwo t;s{
157
Bkb ;Zg dk e'Jh ;zpzX BjhA ofjzdk, fsT[A jh nkswk d`kok nBksw
Gkt Bkb fsnkfrnk j'fJnk oho, ;Zg dh fsnkrh j'Jh ezi dh
soQK fgnk ofjzdk j? ns/ fco T[; oho d/ :[es nohoh nkswk
BjhA j[zdk feT[Afe T[j w[es j[zdk j'fJnk jh, w[es j' iKdk j?. fJ;
s'A gfjbK ekwBk d/ j'D ekoB jh oho ftZu nkswp[ZXh Bkb
oho tkbk ns/ woB-Xowk ;h, T[;d/ Bk ofjD d/ ekoB Bk T[j
oho tkbk j? ns/ Bk woB-Xowk jh, fJ; tk;s/ nzfwqs j?. jtk
Bkb fiT[A T[j ezi fJZXo-T[ZXo j[zdh s/ fjbdh j'Jh Bo g?Adh j?
fsT[A jh frnkBtkB dk nBkswk ikDe/ fsnkfrnk j'fJnk oho
Gh gqkopX d`kok T[Zmdk, p?mdk, yKdk, ghAdk s/ ubdk nkfd feqnk
eodk fdykJh fdzdk j?. fJ;h tk;s/ oho dh feqnk, frnkBtkB B{z
;go BjhA eodh feT[Afe T[j nohoh nkswk j?. nfrnkB d/
ekoB oho ftZu i' nkswk-p[ZXh ;h, T[j frnkB d`kok fBftos j'
e/ fJzdqhnK s/ wB s'A nshs niBwk, fBofteko i' tk;st ;ò{g
nkswk j? :kBh fBoft/ nkswk ftZu nuZb j' iKdh j?. T[j
nuZb p[Xh, oho dh fe;/ gqeko dh Gh joes Bkb ubkfJwkB
BjhA j[zdh, fi; soQK eq'VK pkoK ns/ jB/ohnK, nkek B{z nkgD/
fBob/g ;`Gkt s'A ed/ Gh ftekoh BjhA eo ;edhnK.
frnkBtkB dh fB;fuzss-fBoG? fJ;fEsh

T[; fBofteko nkswk d/ frnkB tkb/-nkswt/sk dh fB;fuzs
fJ;fEsh B{z q[sh fJT[A fdykT[Adh j?i/ g[o nkswk B{z w?A fJj jK fJ; gqeko ft/ o{g s/ ikD ikt/
sK fco T[j fejVh fJZSk eodk j'fJnk ns/ fejVh ekwBk d/ j'D
Bkb oho fgZS/ d[yh j't/<
(fpqjL T[L 4. 4. 12)
G[Zy, fgnk; s'A nshs, ;G ohoK ftZu ofjD tkbk, gzi frnkB
fJzdqhnK sEk S/tK wB, fi;d/ eoD dh soQK eoD :kBh jfEnko
158
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
tKr{z jB, fJBQK d`kok i' e[ZM Gh d/ydk, ;[Ddk, ;z[xdk, ;`kd b?Adk
ns/ ;go eodk j? sEk fuzsB ftZu nkT[D tkbk j?, T[j ;G
fwqrfsqBk d/ ib tKr{z n?t/A gqshs jh j[zdk j?. fJ; s'A ftgohs
fBZs, [ZX, p[ZX s/ w[es ;ò{g ;kyh-nkswk w?A jh jK i' fJT[A
ikDdk j?, T[j fe; t;s{ dh fJZSk eo/< nkswk s'A fGzB e[ZM j? jh
BjhA, fJ; gqshs d/ oj/ fwqr-ib ftZu ib dk nGkt ;wMe/ ns/
nkswk B{z g{oB ikD e/, eh ekwBk eo/< id'A fe e'Jh ekwBk :'r
gdkoE jh BjhA j? feT[Afe fJ; jkbs ftZu sK ;G e[ZM nkswk;ò{g jh j' iKdk j?, fJ; bJh fe; gdkoE bJh, fejVh fJZSk
eodk j'fJnk oho fgZS/ d[yh j't/<
i' oho ftZu nksw-p[ZXh oZyD tkbk j[zdk j?, T[jh oho o{g
T[gkXh d/ d[yh j'D Bkb d[yh ns/ ;[yh j'D Bkb ;[yh j[zdk j?. T[j
nkswk sA' fGzB gdkoE ikD e/ jh ekwBk eodk j? fezs{ i' oho
o{g jh BjhA, T[; fBoT[gkfXe nkswk B{z d/yD tkb/ g[o gk;'A
fJj rZb fe; soQK j' ;edh j?< noEks T[j ;[gB d/ oho tk;s/
;[gB gdkoEK bJh, fe; gqeko ekwBk eoe/ d[yh j't/rk< fJ;
gqeko d/ fBoT[gkfXe nkswk B{z ;ko/ jh gqkDhnK ftZu g{oB ikD
e/, nG/dsk B{z gqkgs j'J/ sZs`t/sk dh fBoG?sk fdykT[Ad/ jBid G{s ns/ GftZs d/ ;`kwh, fJ; gqekwkB nEtk eow cb
dksk nkswk B{z wB[Z ;kyks ikD b?Adk j? sK fco T[; gk;'A
nkgDh oZfSnk dh fJZSk BjhA eodk.
(fpqjL T[L 4. 4. 15)
r[o{ feqgk Bkb id nkgD/ nkswk B{z ikD b?Adk j?, fe; gqeko
d/ nkswk B{z< [ZG-n[ZG eowK w[skfpe, ;G gqkDhnK B{z i' cb
d/D tkbk j? sEk i' ;wK phs frnk j? ns/ i' nZr/ B{z nkt/rk nkfd
fsjK ekbK d/ frnksk B{z ;kyks nkgDk o{g ikD b?Adk :kBh w?A
jh jK T[; tes T[j g[o fe;/ gk;'A Gh BjhA vodk. feT[A BjhA
nwo t;s{
159
vodk< fJ; bJh fe fisBk Gh uokuo irs j? fJ;h nkswkpqjw d/ G? nzdo fJ;fEs j?. fJ; s'A tZvh skes e'Jh Gh BjhA, fi;
dh je{ws fJ; go j' ;e/. em'gfBd ftZu fbfynk j?fJ; gqw/o d/ G? Bkb nrBh sgdh j?, fJ; d/ G? Bkb ;{oi
sgdk j? sEk fJ; d/ G? Bkb fJzdq, tk:{ ns/ gzitK fwqs (:woki)
d"Vdk j?.
(eL T[L 2. 3. 3)
G? ftfu ;{oi[ G? ftfu uzd[.. e'j eo'Vh ubs B nzs[..

(nzr 464
464))
nkgD/ s'A i[dk ;wMD tkb/ nfrnkBh b'e, nkgDh oZfSnk

bJh Jhò nZr/ BkBk gqeko dh dhBsk g{ope gqkoEBk eod/ jB
feT[Afe T[BQK B{z nkgDk Bk j[zdk fdykJh fdzdk j?. nkgDk Bk
fe;/ B{z Gh fJN (GkT[Adk) BjhA, fJ; bJh nkgDk pukT[ gqwkswk
gk;'A ukj[zd/ jB gzqs{ i' nG/d-doh noEks nkgD/ nkswk B{z jh
ftnkge gqwkswk ;wMD tkbk j?, T[j Bk s'A ofjs, gqG{-;ò{g
frnkBh Bk nkgDk Bk jz[dk d/ydk j? ns/ Bk jh pqjw B{z nkgD/
s'A i[dk ikD e/, T[; gk;'A ed/ oZfSnk jh ukj[zdk j?. fJj oZ;h ftZu
;Zg dh soQK gqshs d/D tkbk oho, frnkBtkB dk ;ò{g BjhA j?,
fi; fSzB-fSzB pknd spdhb j'D tkb/ oho dk Bk j[zdk d/ye/,
T[;d/ pukT[ ykso Jho` nZr/ dhBsk gqrN eo/.
d`?s, i' tk;st ftZu BjhA, fJj nBzs gqeko dh gqshsh,
nftZdk s'A T[sgzB j'Jh j?. fJ; nt;Ek ftZu d`?s B{z d/yD tkbk
:kBh nd`?s t;s{ ftZu i' d`?s B{z nko'gB eoB tkbk j?, T[j wo e/
fco wodk j?. fJj fwqs-uZeq ftZu'A fBeb BjhA ;edk. T[; G/ddoh wB[Zy dh d[orsh, q[sh fJ; gqeko d;dh j?pqjw B{z r[o{ T[g/d w[skfpe noEks gqwkoE frnkB d/ ;z;eko
:[es wB Bkb jh d/yDk ukjhdk j?. fJ; ftZu BkBk (nB/esk)
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
160
BjhA j?. i' fJ; ftZu BkBk d/ ;kwkB d/ydk j?, T[j fwqs{ s'A fwqs{ B{z
gqkgs j[zdk j? Gkt wodk ns/ izwdk ofjzdk j?.
(eL T[L 2. 1. 11)
fi; ftZu BkBks` (nB/esk) e[ZM BjhA j?, T[; ftZu Gh BkBk dh
ebgBk eoBh, fJj' jh d`?s j?. fJjh ebgBk iht B{z gqw/o s'A i[dk
ekfJw fijk eoe/, nkgD/ Bk dk nfrnkB fdyk e/, nkgD/ oZfSnk
bJh dhB pDkT[Adh j?. fJ; Gqw d`kok nDj'Jh gqkgs dhBsk s'A,
ebgBk jhB nd?`s t;s{ d/ frnkB fpBK, S[Nekok ed fwb
;edk j?< oZ;h B{z ikD b?D tkbk Gh ed/ ;Zg s'A vodk j?< fJjh
ekoB j? fe nkgD/ jh nkswk B{z ;G gkDhnK ftZu t/yD tkbk,
fe;/ s'A Gh G? BjhA yKdk feT[Afe nkgD/-nkg s'A sK G? j[zdk jh BjhA.
fJ; gqeko i' nkgDk nkswk B{z jh g{oB d/yD tkbk j?, T[j fB;u/
jh gqwkswk s'A i[dk e[ZM t;s{ BjhA d/ydk noEks ;G e[ZM gqwkswk
;ò{g jh j?, n?;k fB;u/ eodk j?. fco fe; gqwkswk gk;'A, fe; G? dk
wkfonk j'fJnk, e"D nkgDh oZSk ukjt/rk<
(nz r 186
186))
i'rh eT[ e?;k vo[ j'fJ.. o{fy fpofy frqfj pkfjo ;'fJ..
(nzr 223
223))
nksw frnkBh fe;/ gk;'A Gh G? BjhA wzBdk.
(s?L T[L 2. 4. 1)
nkgD/ nkg B{z nftBkh ikD b?D tkb/ B{z, G? dk e'Jh BfwZs
jh BjhA ofjzdk, fJ; bJh T[j nkgDh fjk s BjhA ukj[zdki' g[o fJ; eow cb G'rsk ns/ gqkD nkfd B{z XkoB eoB
tkb/ nkswk B{z T[;d/ ;whg (e'b) ofj e/ G{s, GftZs ns/
toswkB d/ k;e o{g s/ ikDdk j?, T[j nfijk ftrkB j' ikD d/
pknd, T[;dh oZfSnk eoB dh fJZSk BjhA eodk, fB;u/ fJjh T[j
nksw-sZs` j?.
(eL T[L 2. 1. 5)
nwo t;s{
161
i' nzr[N* gfowkD (nzr{m/ wksq) g[o o ho d/ ftueko fJ;fEs

W, T[; B{z G{s, GftZs dk k;e (ezNo'b eoB tkbk) ikD e/, T[j
T[; nksw-frnkB d/ ekoB, nkgD/ oho dh oZfSnk Bj] ukj[zdk,
fB;u/ jh fJj T[jh nksw-sZs` W.
(eL T[L 2. 1. 12)
fJ; gqeko G{s, GftZs ns/ toswkB d/ k;e (ezNo'b eoB

tkbk) nftBkh pqjw sZs` B{z r[o{ d`kok ikD e/ fB;fuzs sEk
fBoG? fJ;fEsh j' iKdh W. fJ; fBezNe, nuZb, ;òki go nko{VP
(fJ;fEs) eo d/D tkb/ ;fsr[o{ d/ s[Zb j'o e"D j' ;edk W i'
ezrkb s'A fjBkj pDk d/D tkb/ jB< sB, wB ns/ XB T[;
r[o{d/t T[Zs/ e[opkB eoBk pj[s E'VPk W feT[Afe nftBkh t;s{ dh
ehws ftBkh gdkoE Bj] j' ;edk sK Gh fi;B{z nkgDk ;wfMnk
j'fJnk j[zdk W, T[;dk d/ d/Dk jh ;`heko eo fbnk iKdk W. id
okik iBe B/ ;kok jh oki sEk nkgDk-nkg, nNktZeq w[Bh d/
nogD eo fdZsk sd :ketbe B/ pqjwt/sk dh nftob fJ;fEsh
dk T[gd/ fJT[A ehsk-
B/fs B/fs fBod/ d`kok gqekfs j'D tkbk fBoG?

nkswk pqjw
fJjh pks fouk d`kok ejh rJh W-fJj pqjwt/sk dh fBZs
wfjwk W, i' eow Bkb Bk sK tXdh W ns/ Bk jh xNdh W. T[;
wfjwk d/ jh ;ò{g B{z ikBD tkb/ j'Dk ukjhdk W, T[; B{z ikD e/
gkg eow Bkb fbgs BjhA j[zdk. fJ; bJh, fJ; gqeko ikBD
tkbk Ks, dKs (nzsjeoD dh fsqBk s'A ofjs), T[gosh (;zg{oB
fJZSktK dk fsnkrh) ns/ fsfsZS{ (gqshe{bsk B{z ;fjD tkbk)
*
fJ; irQk nzr[N gfowkD g[o (pqjw) dk nkeko BjhA ;wMDk feT[Afe nkswk
nzdk/ s'A pkjo j?. fjodk ewb nzr{m/ ;wkB neko tkbk j?, T[; fjod/-nzsjeoD
T[gkXh ftZu g{oB gqwkswk d/ ofjD ekoB nzr[N gfowkD fJ; soQK nkfynk j?.
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
162
;wkfjs j' e/, nkswk ftZu jh nkswk B{z d/ydk j? :kBh ;G B{z
nkswk jh d/ydk j?. T[; B{z gkg-g[zB dh gqkgsh BjhA j[zdh, fJj
;zg{oB gkgK B{z gko eo iKdk j?. fJ; B{z gkg, skg (eN) BjhA
g[ikT[Adk pbfe fJj ;ko/ gkgK B{z G;w eodk j?. fJj gkg ofjs,
fBekw, ;z:jhB, pqjwt/sk j' iKdk j?. j/ ;wqkN! fJj pqjw b'e
j?, s?B{z fJ; b'e ftZu g[uk fdZsk frnk j? fJ; soQK :krtbe
B/ fejk. sd iBe B/ nkfynk-w?A qhwkB B{z ftd/j d/ (nkgDk
;kok oki) fdzdk jK, ;kE jh nkg dh ;/tk eoB bJh, nkgD/ nkg
B{z Gh nogD eodk jK.
(fpjqL T[L 4. 4. 23)
g q B -pqjwt/sk dh T[j fBZs fJZe-o; ofjD tkbh wfjwk

fejVh j?, fi; B{z ikD e/ g[o, gkg Bkb fbgs BjhA j[zdk<
T[Zso
so-fBoT[gkfXe nkswk.
g q B -T[gkXh s'A ofjs T[; wfjwk dh gqkgsh fe; soQK j' ;edh
j?< feT[Afe id T[j Bkw-o{g s'A ofjs t;s{ Bk fe;/ pd d`kok
eEB ehsh iKdh j? Bk jh e'Jh fJzdqh: T[; B{z d/y ;edh j? sEk
fJ;h gqeko wB d`kok Gh ikBD ftZu BjhA nkT[Adh<
T[Zso
so-;zg{oB fJZSktK B{z fsnkr d/D tkbk pqjwt/sk fi;
wfjwk B{z ikD e/ ;zebg {B j' iKdk j?, T[j B/fs, B/fs :kBh fJj
BjhA j?, fJj BjhA j?, fJBQK d' pdK s'A tZyok j'o e'Jh T[gkfJ jh
BjhA fB;u/ eodk noEks T[; wfjwk B{z ikBD bJh q[sh dk fJj' jh
fBod/ j?. feT[Afe fJ; s'A fGzB fisBk Gh T[gkXh o{g ft/ j?, T[j
;kok jh nfBZs wfjwk j? i' eow d`kok gqkgs j'D d/ :'r :kBh eow
Bkb gqkgs ehsh BjhA ik ;edh feT[Afe Bkw, o{g, eow ,
G/d, iksh ns/ r[D nkfd ft/sk, T[; ftZu j? BjhA. pd dh
gqftosh fJBQK d`kok jh j[zdh j?, fJBQK ftZu'A e'Jh Gh Bk j'D d/ ekoB,
T[j fe;/ Gh pd Bkb, gqekfs BjhA j[zdh. nko'fgs Bkw, o{g ns/
nwo t;s{
163
eow d`kok jh e[ZM T[;d/ pko/ fejk iKdk j? fezs{ fi; tes ;zg{oB
T[gkXh o{g ft/ s'A ofjs, ;ò{g dk fBod/ eoB dh fJZSk j[zdh j?
sK T[; ;w/A fe;/ Gh soQK T[; fBoT[gkfXe (nkswk) dk fBod/ BjhA
ehsk ik ;edk. e/tb fJZe' jh T[gkfJ ofj iKdk j?. T[j fJj fe, i'
e[ZM Gh T[; ftZu nko'gB eo e/ eEB ehsk frnk j?, T[; ;G d/
fB/X d`kok B/fs B/fs fJ; soQK fBo{gD ehsk ikJ/ noEks i' e[ZM
Gh ft: o{g ftZu gqkgs j[zdk j?, fJ;d/ d`kok ;G dk jh fB/X eo
fdZsk ikt/. fizBh Gh Bkw-o{g t;s{ j?, T[;d/ fB/X d`kok Bkw-o{g
ofjs (fBZs wfjwk) ;[Gkfte pkeh pu ofjzdh j?. fJ; bJh T[;
fBoT[gkfXe (nkswk) d/ doB dk fJj fJZe' jh fBod/ j?, fi;
Bkb T[j wfjwk gqekfs j' iKdh j?.
fJ; fB/X ftXh d[nkok id'A ;ko/ Bkw-o{g dh ir:k;k fBftos
j' iKdh j? T[d'A jh ;kohnK T[gkXhnK d/ yzvB d`kok w?A fJZe-o;,
nzdo-pkjo {B, fBofteko ns/ ;Zs pqjw jK fJ; soPK dk frnkB
j' iKdk W. fJT[A ;G gqeko dh irk;k sw j' e/ nkswk ftZu jh
p[ZXh nuZb j' iKdh W feT[Afe i' e[ZM fJzdqhnK d`kok d/fynk iKdk,
wB d`kok fuzsB ftZu nkT[Adk ns/ i' e[ZM Gh pkDh d`kok fejk j'fJnk
j[zdk W, T[;dk fBokeoD eo fdZs/ ikD Bkb ;`:z gqek nkswk
nkgD/ nkg jh gqekfs j' iKdk W. fi; nkswk d`kok ;G e[ZM
gqekfs j[zdk W, T[; nkswk B{z gqekfs eoB tkbk j'o W e"D<
eow d`kok i' gqkgs j'D tkbh nfBZs (Bktzs) wfjwk W, T[;dk
fJ; T[gkfJ d`kok yzvB eo d/D Bkb jh fBZs (;d?th) wfjwk dk
doB j[d
z k W. fJjh fBZs wfjwk :kBh nkswk, sZs`ts
/ k dh wfjwk
W. fJj nZS/ eow eoB Bkb tXdh Bj] ns/ p[o/ eowK Bkb xNdh
Bj]. [ZG-n[ZG eow Bkb i' tXD ns/ xND dk vo ;h, fJBPK d'
ftekoK dk fB/X jh eo fdZsk frnk W feT[Afe fBoftek o nkswk
164
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
dk p'X jh sK j[zdk W i/ B/fs B/fs nkd/ B{z tofsnk ikt/. fJj Bj]
W, fJj Bj] W fJ; fBod/ Bkb nkswk s'A fpBK e[ZM ofjzdk jh Bj]
sK gkg ns/ g[zB dk b/g sZs`t/sk B{z fe; gqeko bZr ;edk W< i'
nkgD/ ;Zs-;ò{g s'A ed/ Gh spdhb j'D tkbk Bj], T[j nkswk
jh frnkBtkB dh fBZs wfjwk W. fJ; wfjwk B{z ikD e/ jh g[o,
gkg Bkb b/g Bj] j[zdk. fJj fBZs wfjwk eow Bkb ;zpzX oZyD
tkbh Bj] noEks w[esh ns/ pzXB s'A go/ W.. eow Bkb ;zpzX oZyD
tkbh sK nfBZs wfjwk jh W, i' pzXB o{g Wj'w ir shoE ehJ/ fpfu jT[w? pX/ fpeko..
Boe[ ;[or[ d[fJ G[zuBk j'fJ pj[fo pj[fo ntsko..
f;t g[oh pqjw fJzdq g[oh fBjub[ e' EkT[ Bkfj..
(nzr 214
214))
fJzdq b'e f;t b'efj i?p'.. US/ sg efo pkj[fo n?p'..

(nzr 692
692))
ihn ek pzXB[ eow[ fpnkg?..
(nzr 1351
1351))
e'fN eow pzXB ek w{b[..
(nzr 1149
1149))
fJ; nfBZs wfjw k d/ fsnkr d`kok fBZs wfjwk B{z ikBD

tkbk sZs`t/sk, jo gqeko Bkb Ks W feT[Afe T[j f;tkJ/ nkswk
s'A j'o fe;h Gh d{ih t;s{ B{z tkb dh B'e pokpo Gh BjhA d/ydk.
fJ; gqeko d/yD tkb/ pqjwt/sk B{z e'Jh Gh gkg ns/ g[zB dh gqkgsh
Bj] j[zdh. T[j fJ; ;opksw fdqNh o{gh nZr Bkb, gkgK B{z G;w
eo fdzdk W. w?A ;opksw gkopqjw jK fJ; fdqV nuZb fJ;fEsh
ftZu ofjD tkbk pqjwt/sk w[Zy pqkjwD W :kBh pqjw ;ò{g ftZu
fJ;fEs j'D s'A gfjbK, fJ;dk pqkjwDgDk r"D jh W w[Zy Bj],
fJT[A q[sh B/ fejk W. sEkpqjw[ fpzd/ ;' pqkjwD[ ejhn?
(nz r 512
512))
nwo t;s{
165
ej[ epho i' pqjw[ phuko?.. ;' pqkjwD[ ejhns[ W jwko?..

(nzr 324
324))
fJj' jh pqjwb'e ;opksw o{g pqjwb'e W. :krtbe B/ fejkj/ iBe\ B/fs-B/fs fBod/ d`kok ikBD ftZu nkT[D tkbk i'
fBoG? pqjw b'e W, T[; ftZu s?B{z gj[zuk fdZsk frnk W.
T[jh fJj wjkB niBwk, nkswk, nio, nwo, nzfwqs ns/
fBoG? pqjw W. nG? jh pqjw W i' fJ; soPK ikDdk W, T[j fBoG? pqjw
jh j' iKdk W.
(fpqjL T[L 4. 4. 25)
nftZdk nt;Ek ftZu g[o ed/ Gh fBoG? Bj] j' ;edk. nkswfrnkB d`kok nftZdk d/ ftBk Bkb nftZdk dk ;kok ekoi Gh
fBftos j' iKdk W sd d`?s d/ nGkt j'D Bkb fBoG? j' iKdk W
feT[Afe G? dk ekoB d`?s jh W. T[; fBofteko nkswk dk p'X
B/fs-B/fs fBod/ d`kok jh j' ;edk W. :krtbe w[Bh B/ Gh w?sq/Jh
B{z fJj' T[gd/ fdZsk ;hfiZE/ nftZdk nt;Ek ftZu d`?s fijk j[zdk W, T[E/ jh d{ik
d{i/ B{z d/ydk W, fezs{ fiZE/ fJ;d/ bJh ;G e[ZM nkswk jh j' frnk
W, T[E/ fe; d/ d`kok, fe; B{z d/y/< fi; d`kok g[o fJ; ;G B{z ikDdk
W, T[; B{z fe; ;kXB Bkb ikD/< T[j fJj B/fs-B/fs fJ; gqeko fBod/
ehsk frnk nkswk rqjD j'D s'A ofjs W.
(fpqjL T[L 4. 5. 15)
nkswk rqjD s'A ofjs W :kBh fe;/ Gh fJzdqh: d`kok ikfDnk
Bj] ik ;edk feT[Afe ;G B{z ikBD tkbk sK nkswk ;`:z nkg W.
fJ; fdq Nk dk j'o e'Jh Gh fdq Nk Bj]-fJ; s'A fGzB ;G fdq jh
W-fJ; gqeko dk fdqNk i' fBZs-gqsZy W, T[j B/fs-B/fs fBod/
fpBK, j'o fe;/ Gh T[gkfJ Bkb nkgDk ;ò{g j' e/ gqrN j'D tkbk
Bj] W. fJj B/fs-B/fs fBod/ jh ;ko/ fdq B{z T[mkT[Adk W, sd
nkswk ;kykseko j[zdk W. fJ; bJh nkswk d/ ;kyks j'D
166
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
Bkb ;G eowK dk fsnkr j' iKdk W. k;sq nEtk :[esh Bkb,

fiZE/ fes/ Gh ;?AeV/ pko nkswk dk p'X eokfJnk frnk W, T[;
;G dk fJ;h fBod/ Bkb ;zpzX W noEks fJjh T[gkfJ tofsnk
frnk W feT[Afe fJ; T[gkfJ fpBK, T[; Bkw-o{g ofjs nkswk
ftZu fJ;fEsh j' jh Bj] ;edh. fJ; tk;s/, ;G fdqNwkB dk
yzvB j' ikD go sZs`t/sk dk eosZt ;wkgs j' iKdk W feT[Afe
d{ih e'Jh t;s{ ofjzdh jh Bj]. i/ d{ik e[ZM ofjzdk W sK nkswk
dk p'X j' Bj] ;edk ns/ i/ nksw p'X j[zdk W sK d{ih t;s{ dk
nGkt j' iKdk W. fco fJ; nfijh nt;Ek ftZu G? dk eh wsbp<
fJj fBoG? nt;Ek frnkBtkB dk ;ò{g W, fJ; bJh T[j fBoG? W.
id'A B/fs-B/fs fBod/ d`kok nkswk ;kyks j' iKdk W
, T[d'A
rqzEK d/ eq'VK T[gd/ fJZe fSzB ftZu T[Zv iKd/ jB, T[; nt;Ek ftZu
T[gd/ dk nfXekoh e'Jh f;Zy Bk ofjD d/ ekoB r[o{ dh Gh nkswk
s'A fGzB gqshsh jN iKdh W feT[Afe fJ; s'A gfjbK sk r[o{, k ;sq ns/
f;Zy dk G/d ofjzdk jh W. B/fs-B/fs fBod/ Bk b e'Jh G/d dk ft:
Bj] ofj ;edk. fJ; bJh fJZe nd`?s nkswk pqjw jh ofj iKdk W
s/ T[j nd`?s t;s{ ;[Gkfte jh fBoG? W. fJ; gqeko, fi; fBod/ dk
;op-fdq: d/ fsnkr ftZu jh wsbp W, fJjh t/d dh nkfrnk o{g
T[gd/ W. fJjh gowfBmk W ns/ fJjh eosZt dk nzs W, fJ;d/
T[Zgo j'o e[ZM Gh Bj] W.
nozG ftZu pZu/ B{z gVPkT[D ;w/A g[o, ekr, ebw s/ f;nkjh
o{g T[gkfJ dk ;jkok b?e/ T, n, J, nkfd nZyoK d/ ;ò{g ;wMk
fdzdk W. ekr ns/ f;nkjh nZyoK d/ ;ò{g jB, fJT[A Bj]
;wMkT[Adk. nZyoK d/ nkeko fuZs ftZu fpmkT[D dh jh T[;dh
fJZSk j[zdh W. T[;h gqeko k;sqK ftZu nB/eK T[gkfJnK dk ;jkok
b?e/, fJZe nkswsZs` dk p'X eokfJnk iKdk W. T[j ebgBk ehs/
nwo t;s{
167
j'J/ T[gkfJ fes/ ft/ o{g Bkb jh irk;{ iB rqjD Bk eo p?mD

(feT[Afe T[gkfJ sK T[g/: t;s{ B{z ;wMkT[D kso jh ebgBk ehs/
j'J/ j[zd/ jB) fJ;h bJh T[BPK T[gkfJnK dh ft/sk B{z yzvB eoB
kso B/fs-B/fs fBod/ dk fBo{gD eo fdZsk iKdk W. fJ; fBod/
Bkb fBofteko, gow-[ZX, fBot?t ns/ nuZb t;s{ ;ò{g T[g/:
jh pkeh pu ofjzdk W. T[; ebgBk-{B, nd`?s-pqjw B{z nkgDk
nkswk nB[Gt eoe/, sZs`t/sk wjkB nBzd ftZu wrB j' iKdk W.
nkswk jh pqjw :kBh ftnkge W, fJZe ftnkge t;s{ ftZu
e'Jh d{ih t;s{ j[zdh jh Bj], fJ; bJh fJ; p'X tkbk fBoG? j' iKdk
W. [qsh B/ pqjwt/sk dh fJ;fEsh dk toBD fJ; gqeko ehsk W sEk
fJ;/ fB;ub fJ;fEsh B{z r"vgkdkuko: fJT[A fdykT[Ad/ jBfJ; g{oB ;opZrsk nkfd, wZX, nzs noEks T[sgZsh,
fJ;fEsh ns/ gob? s'A ofjs nd[Zsh: pqjw gd B{z gk e/ Gh T[j
ftt/eh g[o, fco e'Jh u/Nk eodk W<
(wKL T[L nL eL 85)
;[Gkfte Ks gd ns/ ihtB w[es d/ bZSD

sZs`t/sk g[o dk i', nksw ;ò{g ftZu fJ;fEs j'Dk W, fJjh
;[Gkfte Ks gd Wnkswk ftZu ekfJw ofjDk, fJj T[BPK frnkBhnK dk ft:T[gokwsk, fJjh T[BPK dk ;[Gkfte-w W sEk ;[Gkt s'A jh dKs
:kBh fJzdqh:-fiZs j'D d/ ekoB, fJjh T[BPK dk dw W. fJ; gqeko
ftZd`kB Ksh B{z gqkgs j' iKd/ jB.
(wKL T[L nL ekL 86)
i' e'Jh T[; ni (niBwk) ;kwo{g gqwkoE sZs` ftZu nszs

fJ;fEs j'Dr/, T[jh ;z;ko ftZu gow frnkBh jB. T[; sZs` dk
;kwkB: b'e ft/ Bj] eo ;ed/.
(wKL T[L nL ekL 95)
i' ;zg{oB G{sK dk nksw-G{s ns/ ;G gqkDhnK dk fjsekoh

W, T[; gd ofjs wjkswk d/ gd B{z ikBD dh fJZSk tkb/ d/tsk Gh,
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
168
T[; wkor ftZu w'j B{z gqkgs j' iKd/ jB sEk nkek ftZu fiT[A
gzShnK dk wkor Bj] fwbdk, fsT[A jh T[;dh rsh dk gsk Bj]
ubdk.
(wjkL KL 239. 23. 24)
fJzdqhnK dh gj[zu s'A go/ ntZes nkswk ftZu nszs

fJ;fEs ihtB-w[es g[o dk bZSDtfN ih p'b/-d/j fJzdqhnK d`kok fttjko eod/ j'J/, fi;
ihtB-w[es g[o B{z fJj Bkw-o{g irs fiT[A dk fsT[A j'D go Gh
Bk j' ikD d/ ;wkB, e/tb fudkek jh Gk;dk W, irs dh
gqshsh Bj] j[zdh T[; B{z ihtB-w[es efjzd/ jB.
(:'L tkL)
wsbp fJj fe fJj ;kok irs gob? ekb ftZu fit/A Bk j'
iKdk W fsT[A ihtB-w[es nt;Ek ftZu T[t/A Bj] j[zdk. Jhò
d`kok ofus irs, nfrnkBh wB[ZK dh fdqNh ftZu, T[;h gqeko
jh ofjzdk W fezs{ ihtB-w[es g[o B{z irs dh gqshsh eokT[D
tkbhnK fpqshnK dk nGkt j'D eoe/ ;[[gsh (r{VPh fBzdqk) d/ ;z;ko
s[Zb Gk;dk W. ;[[gsh ftZu nfrnkBhnK B{z Gh irs dk nGkt j'
jh iKdk W gqzs{ ikfrqs :k ;[gB ftZu irs dh gqshsh eokT[D
tkbhnK fpqshnK dk phi ;[[gsh ftZu w"i{d ofjzdk W ns/ ihtBw[es nt;Ek ftZu T[j phi, ;V ikD d/ ekoB ikfrqs, ;[gB s/
;[[gsh s'A nshs nkswk jh ;opZsq Gk;dk W.
;[Zy-d[Zy d/ ekoB fi;d/ w[Zy T[Zs/ y[h s/ wh d/ fuzBP gqshs Bk
j'D ns/ nkgD/ nkg gqkoZpX d`kok fwb/ j'J/ gdkoEK T[Zgo, fi;d/
oho dh fJ;fEsh j[zdh W, T[;dk Bkw ihtB-w[es W.
(:'L tkL)
i' ikfrqs nt;Ek ftZu ofjzdk j'fJnk, ;[[gsh ftZu fJ;fEs

noEks fJzdqhnK d`kok ikfrqs nt;Ek B{z nB[Gt eodk W sd Gh
wB, fpqsh s'A ofjs j'D d/ ekoB, ;[[gsh ftZu fJ;fEs dh soPK,
ikfrqs ftfnK dk frnkB Bj] W. fJ; bJh ikfrqs nt;Ek s'A
ofjs W sEk tkBk ofjs frnkB tkbk W noEks ft/ G'rK dh
nwo t;s{
169
tkBk i' gqkoZpX w[skfpe nzsjeoD ftZu j[zdh W, s'A n;zr j'D d/
ekoB fi; B{z tkBk ofjs frnkB W, T[j ihtB-w[es W.
(:'L tkL)
e'Jh Gh gqkDh fi; pqjwt/sk gk;'A d[Zy B{z gqkgs Bj] j[zdk ns/
fpBK jh ngokX s'A d[Zy d/D tkb/ gqkDhnK gk;'A i' nkg d[yh Bj]
j[zdk sEk y[h, rwh, G? ns/ xpokjN fJBPK u"jK B{z fi; B/ fsnkr
fdZsk W, T[j ihtB-w[es W.
(:'L tkL)
fi;d/ fuZs ftZu'A wkB, ngwkB, fwZsq s/ Zsq{ nkfd ftebg

Ks j' u[Ze/ jB, i' ftZd:k r[D nkfd ftZu us[o j'D go Gh Bk
jzeko :[es W ns/ Bk jh toskT[ ftZu fbnkT[D d/ ekoB ftZdk
r[D nkfd d/ frnkB tkbk gqshs fdzdk W noEks frnkB ofjs
tKr{z ns/ fuZs d/ ekfJw ofjD go Gh fi;dk fuZs, fpqsh ofjs W,
T[j ihtB-w[es W.
(:'L tkL)
k;sq ftfjs (eosZt) k;sq tofis (neosZt) eowK d/

eoB go Gh jzeko s'A ofjs W, joy-'e nkfd d/ b/g s'A ofjs
fi;dh p[ZXh W T[; B{zihtB-w[es efjzd/ jB.
(:'L tkL)
noiB d`kok Gh fJ;fEs p[ZXh (ihtB-w[es) d/ bZSD g[ZSD

go, GrtkB fJT[A p'b/j/ noiB\ fi; ;w/A fJj g[o wB ftZu'A ;zg{oB ekwBktK B{z
fsnkr fdzdk W, T[; ekb ftZu nkswk d`kok jh nkswk ftZu
;zs[N j'fJnk, fJ;fEs p[ZXh tkbk fejk iKdk W.
(rhL nL 2 L 55)
d[ZyK dh gqkgsh j'D go, fi;dk wB ftnke[b Bj] j[zdk, ;[ZyK

dh gqkgsh bJh fi;dh fsqBk BN j' rJh W, yuskJh, G? ns/ eq'X
fi;d/ Bk j' rJ/ jB, id e'Jh fJBQK r[DK ;z:[es j' iKdk W sd
T[j fJ;fEs p[ZXh tkbk fejk iKdk W.
(rhL nL 2 L 56)
i' g[o oho, ihtB nkfd skJ] Gh ;B/j s'A ofjs j' u[Zek W sEk
170
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
T[; [ZG iK n[ZG t;s{nK B{z gk e/ gq;zB :k ngq;zB Bj] j[zdk ns/ i'
fJ; gqeko dh y[h-rwh s'A ofjs W, T[;dh p[ZXh fJ;fEs W.
(rhL nL 2 L 57)
d/j nfGwkBh, nfrnkBh g[o d/ Gh, fe;/ ;kXBk ekoB Gkt/A

ftfnK B{z rqjD Bk eoB eoe/ ft/ sK fBftos j' iKd/ jB gqzs{
T[BPK ftfnK ftZu okr :kBh nk;esh fBftos Bj] j[zdh. frnkBh
dh T[j ;{yw yuskJh gqwkoE sZs` o{g pqjw dk ;kyks j'D go,
(rhL nL 2 L 59)
fBftos j' iKdh j?.
wsbp fJj fe nBkswk dk rfbnkB j'J/ fpBK, okr dh iVQ
BjhA g[ZNh ik ;edh, fJ; bJh :EkoE frnkB-o{g p[ZXh dh fJ;fEsh
eo b?Dh ukjhJ/.
;zg{oB G{s gqkDhnK bJh i' oksqh j? T[; fBZs, [ZX, p'X-;ò{g
gowkBzd ftZu gqw/o B{z gqkgs j'fJnk i'rh ikrdk j? ns/ fi;
BktkB fSzB-Gzro ;z;koe ;[Zy ftZu ;G gqkDh ikrd/ jB, sZs`
(rhL nL 2 L 69)
B{z ikBD tkb/ w[Bh bJh, T[j oksqh j?.
fi; soQK ib Bkb gohg{oB, nuZb gqfsmk tkb/ ;w[zdo ftZu
jo gk;/ s'A rJ/ j'J/ ib, T[; B{z ubkfJwkB Bk eoe/ ;wk iKd/ jB,
T[;h gqeko ftfnK dk ;zr j'D go Gh, fi; g[o ftZu ;kohnK
fJZSktK, ;w[zdo ftZu ib tKr{z e'Jh fteko T[sgzB Bk eodhnK
j'JhnK, nkswk ftZu bhB j' iKdhnK jB :kBh T[; B{z tZ; BjhA
eo ;edhnK, nfijk g[o gow-Ksh B{z gqkgs j[zdk j? gzqs{ G'rK
dh ekwBk tkbk BjhA j[zdk.
(rhL nL 2 L 70)
i' g[o e/tb ihtB fBotkj wksq jh joes eoB tkbk j' e/
ftuodk j?, oho ns/ ihtB wksq ftZu Gh, fi;dh bkb;k BjhA j?,
wwsk ns/ jzeko s'A ofjs j?, fJ; soQK dk pqjwt/sk ;z;ko d/ ;G
d[ZyK dh fBftosh o{g Ksh :kBh pqjw B{z gqkgs j[zdk j?.
(rhL nL 2 L 71)
nwo t;s{
171
j/ noiB! fJj pqjw B{z gqkgs j'J/ g[o dh fJ;fEsh j?, fJ;B{z
gqkgs j' e/, T[j fco w'fjs BjhA j[zdk ns/ nzsekb ftZu Gh fJ;h
fBmk ftZu ekfJw j' e/ pqjwkBzd B{z gqkgs j' iKdk j?.
(rhL nL 2 L 72)
phsh j'Jh rZb B{z :kd Bk eoBk, nZr/ dh fuzsk Bk eoBk ns/
toswkB ftZu gqkoZpX d`kok gqkgs j'J/ d[Zy-;[Zy ftZu T[dk;hBsk
g{ope fBob/g ofjDk jh ihtB-w[es g[o dk bZSD j?.
ihtB-w[es d/ bZSD ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ftZu fJT[A toBD
ehs/ jBb'G w'j wkfJnk wwsk c[fB nT[ fpfynB eh ;/tk..
joy ;'r go;? fij BkjfB ;' w{ofs j? d/tk..
;[or Boe nzfwqs fpy[ J/ ;G fsT[ ezuB no[ g?;k..
T[;sfs fBzdk J/ ;w ik e? b'G[ w'j[ c[fB s?;k..
d[y[ ;[y[ J/ pkX/ fij BkjfB fsj s[w ikBT[ frnkBh..
BkBe w[efs skfj s[w wkBT[ fJj fpfX e' i' gqkBh..
(nzr 220
220))
i' Bo[ d[y w? d[y[ Bjh wkB?..

;[y ;B/j[ no[ G? Bjh ik e? ezuB wkNh wkB?.. ojkT[..
Bj fBzfdnk Bj T[;sfs ik e? b'G[ w'j[ nfGwkBk..
joy ;'r s/ oj? fBnkoT[ Bkfj wkB ngwkBk..
nk;k wB;k ;rb fsnkr? ir s/ oj? fBok;k..
ekw[ eq'X[ fij go;? BkjfB fsj xfN pqjw[ fBtk;k..
r[o feogk fij Bo eT[ ehBh fsj fJj i[rfs gSkBh..
BkBe bhB GfJU r'fpzd f;T[ fiT[ gkBh ;zfr gkBh..
(nzr 633
633))
wkB w'j d'B' eT[ gojfo r'fpzd e/ r[B rkt?..
172
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
ej[ BkBe fJfj fpfX e' gqkBh ihtB w[efs ej

kt? . .
ejkt?
(nzr 831
831))
gqG eh nkfrnk nksw fjskt?.. ihtB w[efs ;'T{ ejkt?..

s?;k joy[ s?;k T[;[ ;'r[.. ;dk nBzd[ sj BjhA fpUr[..
s?;k ;[toB[ s?;h T[;[ wkNh.. s?;k nzfwqs[ s?;h fpy[ ykNh..
s?;k wkB[ s?;k nfGwkB[.. s?;k oze[ s?;k okikB[..
i' toskJ/ ;kJh i[rfs.. BkBe Uj[ g[oy[ ejhn? ihtB w[efs..
(nzr 275
275))
go fBzdk T[;sfs Bj ik e? ezuB b'j ;wkB'..

joy ;'r s/ oj? nshsk i'rh skfj pykB'..
uzub wB[ dj fdf; eT[ Xkts nub ikfj mjokB'..
ej[ BkBe fJj fpfX e' i' Bo[ w[efs skfj s[w wkB'..
(nz r 685
685))
;b'e[..
wfB ;kuk w[fy ;kyk ;'fJ.. nto[ B g/y? J/e;[ fpB[ e'fJ..
BkBe fJj bSD pqjw frnkBh j'fJ..
n;Ngdh..
pqjw frnkBh ;dk fBob/g.. i?;/ ib wfj ewb nb/g..
pqjw frnkBh ;dk fBod'y.. i?;/ ;{o[ ;op eT[ ;'y..
pqjw frnkBh e? fdq;fN ;wkfB..
i?;/ oki oze eT[ bkr? s[fb gtkB..
pqjw frnkBh e? Xhoi[ J/e..
fiT[ p;[Xk e'T{ y'd? e'T{ uzdB b/g..
pqjw frnkBh ek fJj? r[BkT[..
(nzr 272
272))
BkBe fiT[ gkte ek ;ji ;[GkT[..
;[y[ d[y[ fij go;? Bjh b'G[ w'j[ nfGwkB[..
ej[ BkBe ;[B o/ wBk ;' w{ofs GrtkB..
nwo t;s{
173
joy[ ;'r[ ik e? Bjh p?oh whs ;wkfB..

ej[ BkBe ;[fB o/ wBk w[efs skfj s? ikfB..
G? ekj{ eT[ d/s Bfj Bfj G? wkBs nkB..
ej[ BkBe ;[fB o/ wBk frnkBh skfj pykfB..
fifj wkfJnk wwsk sih ;G s/ GfJU T[dk;[..
ej[ BkBe ;[B o/ wBk fsj xfN pqjw fBtk;[..
(nzr 1427
1427))
r[DK s'A nshs j'J/ g[o d/ bZSD, noiB d/ g[ZSD go GrtkB

B/ fJT[A eEB ehs/;s' r[D dk ekoi gqek, oi' r[D dk ekoi gqftosh, sw' r[D
dk ekoi w'j j?. id'A fJBQK r[DK s'A nshs j' iKdk j? sK d`? BjhA
eodk, fsT[A jh fJBQK r[DK s'A fBftos j'J/ ekoi B{z, fco ukj[zdk
BjhA.
(rhL nL 14 L 22)
wbsp fJj fe i' g[o, pqjw ftZu fBZs fJ;fEs ofjzdk j'fJnk
fJ; fszB r[D wJh ekfJnk o{g ;z;ko s'A fpbe[Zb nshs j' u[Zek j?,
T[; r[DK s'A nshs g[o d/ nzsjeoD ftZu gqek, gqftosh ns/
w'j nkfd fpqshnK d/ gqrN j'D :k Bk j'D go fe;/ tes Gh fJZSk,
d`? nkfd fteko T[sgzB j[zd/ jh BjhA. fJjh T[;d/ r[DK s'A nshs
j'D dk gqXkB bZSD j?.
i' T[dk;hB (;kyh) d/ tKr{z fJ;fEs j'fJnk, r[DK d`kok ubkfJwkB
BjhA ehsk ik ;edk ns/ r[D jh r[DK ftZu tosd/ jB :kBh
fJzdqhnK nkgD/-nkgD/ ftfnK ftZu tos ojhnK jB, nfijk
;wMdk j'fJnk i' nuZb Gkt Bkb ;ò{g ftZu fJ;fEs ofjzdk j?.
(rhL nL 14 L 23)
i' ;[Zy-d[Zy ftZu ;wkB j?, nkgD/ ;ò{g ftZu fJ;fEs j?. fi;dh
fdqNh ftZu fwZNh, gZEo ns/ ;'Bk fJZe' fij/ jh j' rJ/ jB. fgq:
ns/ nfgq: d'jK B{z i' fJZe ;wkB ;wMdk j?, i' Xhoi tkbk j? ns/
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
174
i' nkgDh fBzdk ns/ T[;ssh ftZu ;wkB Gkt tkbk j?, T[j r[Dkshs
ihtB w[es j?.
(rhL nL 14 L 24)
gqkopX d/ ysw j'D sZe SK tKr{z jo tes Bkb ofjD tkb/

oho d/ ekfJw ofjzd/ j'J/ th, fJ; ftZu w?A-w/okgB dk nGkt j'
ikDk, ihtB-w[es dk bZSD j?.
(ftL u{ L L 432)
fpnk; ih d`kok Gh Gkrts ftZu ihtB-w[es d/ bZSD fJT[A

ej/ jBi' e[ZM Gh gqkopZX nB[;ko nzB, p;sq nkfd fwb ikt/, T[;h
T[Zs/ fBopkj eoB tkbk ns/ fiZE/ fes/ oksqh g? ikD go, ;"A ikD
tkbk i' g[o j?, T[; B{z d/tsk rD Gh pqjwt/sk :kBh ihtBw[es efjzd/ jB.
(GkrL ;L)
r[D s/ d' d/ bZSDK B{z pj[sk efjD Bkb eh cb noEks fJj

nZSk j?, fJj p[ok j? fJ; gqeko r[D fdqNh eoBh, fJj d' o{g j?
ns/ fJ; gqwkD s'A r[D-d' fdqNh dk fsnkr, fJj r[D o{g j?.
wsbp fJj fe ihtB-w[es B{z r[D-d' wJh p[ZXh, T[sgzB jh
BjhA j[zdh.
(GkrL ;L 11)
ihtB-w[es g[o dk i' ;[Gkfte bZSD j[zdk j?, T[j irk;{nK

bJh ;kXB o{g j'fJnk eodk j?. k;sq ftZu T[j nuZb nt;Ek
fdyk fdZsh iKdh j? i' fe ;kXe dh nkyoh fJ;fEsh j? :kBh fi;
nt;Ek ftZu gj[zu e/ nBzs ;z;kfoe ;[ZyK ns/ d[ZyK d`kok fjbkfJnk
BjhA ik ;edk.
;z: ftgo:/ d/ Bk bJh fdqV nksw nfGnk;

sZs`-frnkB j'D go Gh fizBK fuo fuZs Ks BjhA j[zdk UBK
fuo ;z : ftgo:/ j'Dk ;zGt j?, fJ; bJh nszs fdqV nfGnk;
d`kok fuZs B{z nkswk ftZu v[p' d/Dk ukjhdk j? sK fe ;z:
ftgo:/ B{z r[zikfJ jh Bk oj/. fbt d`kok jh fuZs fBozeko ftZu
nwo t;s{
175
v[Zp e/ Ks j[zdk j?. qh okw ih B{z sZs`-frnkB j'D go Gh fuZsftqKsh s'A gfjbK ;z : T[sgzB j'fJnk jh ;h, fJj :'r tkfN
ftZu ;gN j?j/ okw ih! j[D nkg B{z e[ZM ikBDk sK pkeh fojk BjhA j?,
nkgDh T[Zib s/ ;{yw p[ZXh d`kok ;G e[ZM ikD jh u[Ze/ j' gqzs{ j[D
GrtkB fpnk; ih d/ g[Zsq ;[ed/t tKr{z, nkg dh fuZs-fpqsh B{z
ftqKsh wksq j'D dh o{os j?.
(:'L tkL)
;z: B{z jh n;zGktBk* efjzd/ jB ns/ ftgo:/ B{z ftgohs

GktBk** efjzd/ jB. fJj d'B'A w[esh ftZu gqshpzXe :kBh o[ektN
jB. ;z: sK G'r ns/ w'y d'jK dk jh fto'Xh j? feT[Afe id ;z:
tkbk g[o, ;z;ko d/ ;[Zy ftZu gqftos j[zdk j? sd w[esh ;zpzXh p[ZXh,
T[; ;z;kfoe ;[Zy ftZu j'Jh gqftosh B{z o'edh j? ns/ id w[esh wkor
ftZu gqftosh eodk j? sd T[; B{z ;z;kfoe ;[Zy tkbh p[ZXh o[ektN
pDe/ ;kwQD/ yVQh j' iKdh j?. G'r ns/ w'y d'jK ;[ZyK s'A ykbh ofjD
tkbk ;z: :[es g[o j?. fi; dk fuZs, sZs`-t;s{ B{z ;wMe/ Gh
ftqKsh B{z gqkgs Bk j't/, T[j fdqVsk Bk j'D d/D tkb/ fJj d'B'A jh
jB. fi;dk fuZs Ks j' u[Zek j?. T[; B{z irs dh gqshsh jh BjhA
j[zdh :kBh irs, pqjw o{g jh fdqNh nkT[Adk j? sK ;z:-ftgo:/ dh
o[ektV eh< fJj o[ektN j[zdh j? wzd frnkB tkb/ B{z.
ngo'y nB[G{sh rzqE ftZu qh zeokuko: B/ frnkB fBmk
dh gqkgsh bJh 15 (gzdoK) nzr dZ;/ jB. nkg fbyd/ jB fe
fBozso nfGnk; ehs/ fpBK ;fs, fuZs, nBzd ;ò{g nks wk dh
*
k;sq ftZu iht ns/ pqjw dk G/d eEB ehsk j? :k nG/d< fJj gqwkDrs ;z:
j?. iht ns/ pqjw dk G/d ;fs j? :k nG/d< fJj gqw/:rs ;z: j?. fJj d'B'A gqeko
dk ;z: j?-n;zGktBk.
** d/j nkfd ;fs jB ns/ iht-pqjw dk G/d ;fs j?. fJj ftgohs GktBk dk o{g j?.
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
176
gqkgsh jh BjhA j' ;edh, fJ; bJh ir:k;{ B{z ukjhJ/ fe fuo ekb
sZe pqjw fuzsB eo/ noEks nkgD/ ;ò{g B{z ;wMe/ gqwkswk Bkb
fbt bkt/.
:w, fB:w, fsnkr, w"B, d/, ekb, nk;B, w{b, pzX, d/j dh
;wsk, B/sqK dh fJ;fEsh, gqkDk:kw, gqskjko, XkoBk, fXnkB
ns/ ;wkXh fJj gzdoK (15) nzr jB.
1 - ;G pqjw jh j? nfij/ frnkB Bkb fJzdqhnK dk thG{s j'
ikDk :w ejkT[Adk j?. fJ; dk pkozpko nfGnk; eoBk ukjhJ/.
2 - ;iksh: fpqsh dk gqtkj ns/ ftiksh: dk fsq;eko fJjh
gowkBzd o{g fBO:w j?. p[ZXhwkB b'e fJ; fB:w dk fB:w
g{ope gkbD eod/ jB.
3 - gqgzu B{z u/sB o{g d/yD Bkb, T[;d/ ;ò{g dk fsnkr eoBk
jh wjKg[oK dk tzdBh: fsnkr j? feT[Afe T[j S/sh jh w[esh
d/D tkbk j?.
4 - fi; B{z Bk gk e/ wB ;fjs pkDh tkg; w[V nkT[Adh j? ns/
fi; w"B sZe i'rhnK dh jh rsh j?, ftZd`kB ;dk T[; B{z XkoB eo/.
fiZE'A pkDh w[V nkT[Adh j?, T[; pqjw dk Gbk e"D toBD eo
;edk j?< ns/ i' gqgzu B{z jh pd dk ft/ wzB fbnk ikt/ sK T[j
Gh pd ofjs j? feT[Afe i' Bk ;Zs j't/ Bk n;Zs jh, T[j
nfBotuBh: t;s{ pd dk ft: BjhA j'fJnk eodh.
fJ; gqeko ;fsg[oK dk d{ik ;[Gkfte w"B fJj gqgzu dk
npdgDk Gh j' ;edk j?. pqjwt/sk ;fstkdhnK B/ pkDh dk w"B
sK w{oyK bJh nkfynk j?.
5 - fi; d/ ftZu nkfd, nzs s/ wZX ftZu e'Jh Gh iB BjhA j?
sEk fi; Bkb fJj irs fBozso ftnkge j?, T[jh d/ iB-{B
fejk frnk j?.
nwo t;s{
177
6 - pqjwk nkfd ;ko/ jh G{sK dh fJZe gb ftZu jh ebgBk

eoB d/ ekoB nd[sh:, nyzvkBzd o{g pqjw jh ekb pd Bkb
fejk iKdk j?.
7 - fi; nt;Ek ftZu ;[Zy g{ope, fBozso pqjw-fuzsB j' ;e/
, T[; B{z jh nk;D ikBDk ukjhdk j?, d{ik ;[Zy d/ Bk eoB
tkbk nk;D, nk;D BjhA j?. i' ;ko/ jh G{sK dk nkfd ekoB j?,
;z;ko dk nftBkh nfXmkB j? ns/ fi; ftZu f;ZX-iB :kBh
ihtB-w[es fJ;fEs ofjzd/ jB, T[; B{z jh f;ZX nk;D ;wMDk
ukjhdk j?.
8 - i' ;ko/ jh G{sK dk w{b j? ns/ fi;d/ nk;o/ Bkb fuZs ;fEo
ehsk iKdk j?, T[; w{b-pzX dk ;dk ;/tB eoBk ukjhJ/. fJjh
oki-i'rhnK dk i'r j?.
9 - fi; ;w/A fuZs ;w :kBh pqjw ftZu bhB j' ikt/, T[; ;w/
A nzrK dh ;wsk ;wMDh ukjhdh j?. fJ; s'A T[bN ;[Ze/ fpqZS d/
;wkB nzrK dh fB;ubsk dk Bkw ;wsk BjhA j?.
10 - fdqNh B{z frnkBwJh eoe/, ;z;ko B{z pqjw o{g d/y/. fJjh
fdqNh nsh T[Zsw j?, Bk;K d/ nrb/ gk;/ d/yD tkbh BjhA. fiZE/
fdq Nk, doB ns/ fdq : dk nGkt j' iKdk j?, T[jh fdq Nh
eoBh ukjhJ/, Bk;K d/ nrb/ gk;/ go BjhA.
11- fuZs nkfd ;ko/ jh GktK ftZu pqjw o{g Bkb GktBk
eoB d/ ekoB, ;zg{oB fpqshnK dk fBo'X j' iKdk j?. T[jh gqkDk:kw
ejkT[Adk j?. gqgzu dk fB/X eoBk o/ue gqkDk:kw j? ns/ w?A pqjw
jh jK nfijh i' fpqsh j? T[j g{oe gqkDk:kw j?.
fco T[; pqjwkeko fpqsh dh fB;ubsk jh e[zGe gqkDk:kw
j?. ikfrqs g[oK bJh sK fJjh sohek j?, nfrnkBhnK bJh Bk;K
B{z ghVk g[ikT[Dk jh gqkDk:kw j?.
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
178
12 - ftfnK ftZu nksw Gkt eoe/, wB B{z u?sB-gqwkswk

ftZu v[p' d/D B{z jh gqskjko ikBDk ukjhdk j?. w[esh dh fJZSk
tkb/, fJ;h dk nfGnk; eoB.
13 - wB fiZE/ th ikt/ T[ZE/ pqjw dk ;kykseko eod/ j'J/,
wB B{z ;fEo eoBk jh, T[Zsw XkoBk wzBh rJh j?.
14 - w?A pqjw jh jK fJ; ;fs fpqsh Bkb i' gowkBzd d/D
tkbh fBokbzp fJ;fEsh j[zdh j?, T[jh fXnkB pd Bkb gqf;ZX j?.
15 - fBofteko sEk pqjwkeko fpqsh Bkb i' g{oB o{g s/ fpqshjhDsk j' iKdh j?, T[jh frnkB ;wkXh j?.
(ngL nB[L 124)
fJ; gqeko fJ; ;[Gkfte nkBzd dk sd skJhA nZSh gqeko

nfGnk; eo/ id skJhA fe fuZs B{z brkT[D go fJZe fSzB ftZu jh
T[j nkgD/ thG{s Bk j' ikt/ :kBh MZN jh nkgD/ ;ò{g ftZu bhB
j' ikt/. fco T[j i'rh-oki ;G ;kXBK s'A S[ZN e/ f;ZX j' iKdk j?
:kBh e[ZM Gh eoBk pkeh BjhA ofj iKdk, T[jh T[;dk ;ò{g j?. T[j
fe;h fJZe d/ wB iK pkDh dk ft/ BjhA j?.
fJj T[Zgo ej/ gzdoK nzr oki-i'rhnK dk fuZs-fpqsh d/ fBo'X
:kBh o'eD bJh i'r nfGnk; j?. fJ; s'A ftgohs (T[bN) jmi'rhnK dk nfGnk; d{ik j'o gqeko dk j[zdk j?.
fi;dh fpqsh ftu'A irs dk nGkt j' u[Zek j? :kBh T[; Grs
dh pqjw s'A fGzB gqshsh jN u[Zeh j? :kBh T[j pqjw ;ò{g jh j' frnk
j?, T[; pqjwt/sk g[o dk ohoe fttjko, fpBK :sB s'A jh gqkoZpX
nB[;ko j[zdk j?frnkBh g[o B{z wB[ZK d/ e'b ofjD Bkb Gh, nkgD/ oho dh
gqshsh BjhA j[zdh. gk; ofjD tkb/ wB[Zy jh, T[; d/ oho B{z d/yd/
jB. y[d nkg sK (nOwB) nwB Gkt B{z gqkgs j'D s/ fJj w/ok
oho j? fJT[A T[; B{z BjhA ;[ZMdk.
(SKL T[L)
nwo t;s{
179
wsbp fJj fe fiT[A rZvh iK oE B{z i[V/ j'J/ p?b iK x'V/ nZSh
soQK f;ybkJ/ j'D d/ ekoB, ;koEh d`kok fJZe tkoh o;s/ gk d/D
Bkb, nkgD/-nkg jh s[o/ iKd/ jB ns/ fiZE/ ikDk j[zdk j?, T[ZE/ jh
g[ik fdzd/ jB, T[;h soQK gqkD tk:{ Gh gow/ò o{g ;koEh d`kok
(frnkBh d/ :sB fpBK jh) nkgD/-nkg ;kok fttjko eodk j?
:kBh ;[Gkfte jh u/Nk j[zdh ofjzdh j?.
fiT[A okp d/ B/ ftZu nzX/ j'J/ wB[Zy B{z, nkgD/ fgZS/ iK gk;
oZy/ j'J/ p;sq nkfde B{z fJE/ jh j? :k fes/ G[Zb frnk j? po BjhA
j[zdh, fsT[A jh frnkBh g[o Gh gqkoZpX d`kok nkgD/ oho B{z,
nk;D s'A T[fmnk j?, T[ZE/ jh p?mk j?, fes/ d{ih irQk frnk j? iK
fco tkg; n;EkB go nk frnk j? fJT[A ikDdk jh BjhA feT[Afe
T[j d/j s'A i[dk nkgD/ nohoh nkswk B{z gqkgs j' u[Zek j?.
(GkrL ;L)
fJBQK T[Zgo ej/ d' b'eK ftZu pqjwt/sk dh nszs r{VQ nkswfJ;fEsh dk toBD j?, fJ; s'A xZN fJ;fEsh dk bZSD tfN ih
d/ puBK d`kok d/y'fiT[A fBzdqk s'A ikfrnk j'fJnk g[o, nkgDk fttjko gfjbK
tKr{z eoB bZr iKdk j?, fsT[A jh gk; ofjD tkb/ wB[ZK d`kok
;wkXh s'A irkT[D go i'rh nkgD/ fttjkoK B{z :Ek-:'r eodk
j?.
(:'L tkL)
gfjbK fJj fejk fe :'rh B{z nkgD/ oho dk Gh BjhA gsk ns/
j[D fJ; T[Zgob/ eEB ftZu i'rh ;wkXh s'A ikr e/ fttjkoK B{z
eodk j?, G/d f;ZX j[zdk j?. fJj G/d f;o fuZs dh ftqKsh d/ tZXxZN j'D d/ ekoB j?, frnkB fdqNh Bkb BjhA noEks nkswfrnkB ftZu e'Jh oe BjhA j? fezs{ fuZs ftqKsh dh tZX-xZN
nt;Ek d/ ekoB ;z;ko dh ngqshsh s/ gqshsh ftZu nzso j?.
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
180
i'rh d/ fuZs dhnK ;Zs (7) G{fweK

ebkD wkor ftZu gqftos j'J/ i'rh d/ fuZs dhnK ;Zs G{fweK
(nt;EktK) jB fiBQK dk eEB tf N ih B / fJT[A ehsk j?1H [ZG fJZSk 2H ftukoBk 3H sB[-wkB;k 4H :Zs`KgZsh
5H n;z;esh 6H gdkoEkGktBh 7H s[oh:.
fJBQK ftZu'A gfjbhnK fszB nt;EK irk;{ dhnK jB, u"Eh
frnkBtkB dh ns/ pkeh fszB ihtB-w[es g[o dhnK jB.
u"Eh G{fwek ftZu fJ;fEs i'rh dk Bkw pqjwfts, gzithA
ftZu fJ;fEs dk Bkw pqjwftdto, S/thA ftZu fJ;fEs dk Bkw
pqjwftd toh:kB ns/ ;ZsthA G{fwek ftZu fJ;fEs dk Bkw
pqjwftdtfom j?.
fJ; soQK u"Eh G{fwek (;Zs`kgZsh) s'A b? e/ ;ZsthA (s[oh:) sZe
fizBh-fizBh fuZs dh nkgD/ ;ò{g ftZu fJ;fEsh j?, UBh-UBh
jh nkgD/ oho s'A p/ypoh j?. fi; B{z nkgDk oho Gh mhe-mhe
gqshs BjhA fdzdk, T[; B{z ;z;kfoe fttjkoK dh gqshsh feZE/< fJ;
bJh, T[j ;z;ko s'A fpbe[Zb p/po ofjzdk j? s/ ihtB-w[esh d/
fpbZSD nBzd B{z G'rdk j?. T[;dk fuZs t?okr, frnkB ns/
T[gokwsk dh nkyoh jZd sZe g[Zi iKdk j?.
fe;/ Gh gdkoE ftZu tkBk dk Bk ikrDk t?okr dh nkyoh
jZd j?. fe;/ jkbs ftZu Gh njzeko dk T[sgzB Bk j'Dk, frnkB dh
nkyoh jZd j? ns/ bhB j'JhnK fpqshnK :kBh phs u[ZehnK rZbK
d/ ;z;eko wB ftZu c/o T[sgzB Bk j'D/, T[gokwsk dh jZd j?.
(ftt/e u{L L 425)
frqj;E nkqw ftZu u"Eh G{fwek ftZu frnkB dh gqkgsh j' jh

iKdh j? gzqs{ fJ; s'A T[Zgo fszB G{fweK ftZu ihtB-w[esh d/
fpbZSD nkBzd dh gqkgsh BjhA j' ;edh feT[Afe fJBQK ftZu fuZs
nwo t;s{
181
;zebg-{B j[zdk ufbnk iKdk j? :kBh ;[Gkfte jh fttjko S[ZN

iKdk j?* :kBh oho fBotkj s'A nfXe gqftosh dk nGkt j' iKdk
j?. fJj frqj;Eh bJh ;zGt BjhA feT[Afe frqj;Eh Gh i/ jo ;w/A
fBoftebg nt;Ek ftZu fJ;fEs j? sK T[j frnkB ;fjs ;zB:k;h
jh j? fco T[; B{z frqj:E pd d`kok fe; soQK eEB ehsk ik
;edk j?< fJ; bJh, fJ; ihtB-w[esh d/ fpbZSD nBzd tk;s/
;zB:k; j?. fJ; fpbZSD nBzd s'A fpBK Gkth d/jK dk nGkt j'
ikD d/ ekoB, ihtB-w[es pd u"Eh G{fwek tkb/ bJh Gh tofsnk
iKdk j? T[j Gh ihtB-w[es jh j?.
:krtbe w[Bh B{z sZs`-frnkB j' jh frnk ;h sK Gh nkgDhnK
d' fJ;sqhnK ns/ xo B{z fsnkr e/ ihtB-w[esh d/ fpbZSD nBzd
kso ;zBk; rqjD ehsk, fJj gq;zr fpqjdkoD:e T[gfBd ftZu
d/y'. ;zBk; dk gq:'iB e/tb nksw-frnkB dh gqkgsh BjhA, fJj
frnkB sK frqj;E nkqw ftZu Gh j' iKdk j? gqzs{ ihtB-w[esh d/
fpbZSD nBzd tk;s/ ;zBk; j? s/ fJjh ezw frqj;E nkqw ftZu
Gh ;G fttjkoK B{z G[Zb e/ g{ok j' iKdk j?**. w[esh ftZu e'Jh G/d
BjhA noEks u"Eh s'A b?e/ ;ZsthA G{fwek sZe w[esh fJZe' fijh jh
j?, e/tb ;zebg-{B nt;Ek i' fe fpbZSD nBzd Bkb g{oB j?,
T[ ; dk jh o e j? .
gzithA G{fwek ftZu fJ;fEs i'rh, fBoftebg ;wkXh ftZu'A
*
;Zuk ;zB:k;h T[jh j? fi; ftZu fe g[o ikD p[ZM e/ fe;/ Gh t;s{ dk fsnkr
BjhA eodk, gZfenk j'fJnk cb fpqZS Bkb'A nkg/ jh N[ZN e/ fro iKdk j?-;z;ko s'A
T[j fpbe[b fBob/g j' iKdk j?. ;Vd/ b'j/ B{z jZE'A SZv d/D bJh, fe; d/ T[gd/ dh
b'V ofjzdh j?<
** nszs r{VQh brB eoe/ fuZs pkjo-;z;ko u nkT[Adk jh BjhA j?, fJ; bJh ftjko
;[Gkfte S[ZN iKdk j?. T[; nt;Ek ftZu Bk T[j ;zBk;h j? s/ Bk jh frqj;Eh. fJ;
s'A xZN brB tkb/ frnkBh g[o, xo ftZu ofjzd/ j'J/ ;G ftjko eod/ jB.
182
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
y[d jh ikrdk j?, fJj nt;Ek ;[[gsh o{g j?. S/thA G{fwek ftZu
fJ;fEs i'rh, gk; ofjD tkfbnK d/ irkT[D go ikrdk j?, fJj
r{VQ ;[[gsh j?. ;ZsthA G{fwek (s[oh:) ftZu g[Zik j'fJnk i'rh Bk
nkg ikrdk j? ns/ Bk fe;/ d/ irkT[D go jh ikrdk j?.
fJ; gqeko dhnK fJj nkyoh fszB nt;EK frqj;Eh bJh ;zGt
BjhA feT[Afe frqj;E nkqw, nBzs fttjkoe ;zebgK Bkb g{oB
j?. fiZE/ ;zebg jB, T[ZE/ ;zebg-{Bsk dk eh wsbp< jK! fJ;
ftZu e'Jh Ze BjhA fe nkswk dh n;zrsk d/ p'X tkb/ frqj;Eh
B{z Gh ;G nt;EktK s[Zb j' ikD d/ ekoB, ihtB-w[esh sK gqkgs
jh j? fezs{ fttjkoe ;zebgK d/ ekoB fpbZSD nBzd dh ngqkgsh
ofjzdh j?. ihtB w[esh fpp/e rzqE ftZu fejk j?gzithA G{fwek B{z gk e/ fi;d/ ;G G/d o{g nz fBftos j'J/ jB,
fJ; soQK dk g[o e/tb nd`?s ;ò{g ftZu fJ;fEsh eoe/ ofjzdk j?.
T[j pkjobhnK fpqshnK d`kok fttjko eodk j'fJnk :kBh kohoe
fBopkj wksq jh-nzsow[y j'D d/ ekoB fiT[A e'Jh EZe frnk j[zdk
j?, nfijk fBzdqkb{ d/ ;wkB wkb{w fdzdk j?. fJ; G{fwek d/ nfGnk;
Bkb tkBk ofjs j'fJnk i'rh, nrbh r{VQ ;[[gsh Bkw tkbh
G{fwek B{z gkT[Adk j?. fi; ftZu T[j ;Zs o{g BjhA, n;Zs o{g BjhA,
jzeko :[es BjhA, fsT[A jh njzeko ofjs Gh BjhA j?. e/tb wzBD
ofjs nfijk T[j g[o, d`?s ns/ nd`?s s'A nbZr jh ofjzdk j?. eJh
d`?s dh fJZSk eod/ jB ns/ eJh nd`?s dh fJZSk eoB tkb/ jB gqzs{
;opZsq, ;w-pqjw i' nd`?s ns/ d`?s d'jK s'A ofjs j?, T[; B{z BjhA
ikDd/. nek ftZu kbh xV/ d/ ;wkB, T[j ihtB-w[es g[o
nzdo'A ns/ pkjo'A kbh (;zebg {B) j?.
r{VQ fBoftebg ;wkXh B{z gqkgs j'fJnk i'rh, fuZs ftZu e'Jh
;zebg eoB iK pkjob/ gdkoE rqjD eoB d/ bJh ;woZE jh BjhA
nwo t;s{
183
j[zdk. T[j nek ftZu oZy/ j'J/ xV/ d/ ;wkB pkjo'A s/ nzdo'A {B j?.
;`:z-gqek, ;fudkBzd ;ò{g, pqjw ftZu wB-wrB j'D Bkb pkjoGhso ;opZsq ;wfdqNh d`kok ;w[zdo ftZu gJ/ gkDh Bkb Go/ j'J/
xV/ d/ ;wkB, T[;d/ wB dh pkjo'A s/ nzdo'A g{oBskJh j?.
s[oh: B{z gj[zfunk j'fJnk i'rh sK ikrdk jh BjhA j?. fi;
frnkBtkB dh fBftosh dh gqkoZpX j?, T[; B{z jh ihtB-w[esh dk
fpbZSD nBzd gqkgs j[zdk j?, gqftosh dh gqkoZpX tkb/ B{z BjhA.
gqftosh ns/ fBftosh gqkoZpX d/ nXhB j? sK Gh nksw-frnkB
d'jK B{z ;wkB j'D d/ ekoB, w[esh ftZu e'Jh G/d BjhA e/tb fpbZSD
nBzd j'D iK Bk j'D dk jh coe ofjzdk j?. fJ; pko/ nB[Gth
wjKg[oK dk eEB Gh j?g/N dh yokph tkb/ d' woh fe;/ t?d gk; rJ/. T[;B/ d'jK B {z g/N
dh ;kJh ykso ibkp dh dtkJh fdZsh. t?d d/ ej/ w[skfpe id
gzi ;Zs d;s nk u[Ze/ sd i' g[okoEh g[o ;h T[j [ZXh bJh
fJBkB eoe/ ns/ p;sq nkfd spdhb eoe/, nkgD/ nk;D go
nBzd g{ope nk p?mk. d{ik nkb;h T[;/ soQK fJBkB nkfd feqnk
s'A fpBK wZyhnK dh fGBfGBkjN ns/ d[orzXh B{z ;fjD eodk j'fJnk
p?mk fojk. fit/A fJj fdqNKs j? fsT[A jh gqftosh ns/ fBftosh tkb/
dk G/d j?. gqftosh wkor tkbk frqj;Eh xo ftZu p?mk g[Zsq, fJ;sqh
ns/ ;zpX
z hnK d/ BkBk gqeko d/ d[ZyK B{z ;[Ddk j?. fBftosh wkor tkbk
;zBk;h BjhA pbfe ihtB-w[esh dk wjkB nBzd b?Adk j'fJnk, d[Zy
o{g i' ;z;ko j?, T[; s'A fpbe[Zb p/po :kBh ;zebg {B ofjzdk j?.
i' G[Zy, fgnk;, e
' , w'j, iok ns/ fwqs{ s'A go/ j?, T[j fJ; nkswk
B{z ikD e/ jh pqkjwD, g[Zsq, XB ns/ b'e fJZSk s'A nbr jN e/
fGZfSnk fpqsh eod/ ftuod/ jB.
(fpqjL T[L 3. 5. 1)
T[; fJ; gqeko d/ nkswk B{z pqkjwD, t/d-gkm d`kok, :Zr,
184
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
dkB ns/ fBekw-sg d/ d`kok ikBD dh fJZSk eod/ jB. fJ;h B{z
ikD e/ w[Bh j[zdk j?. fJ; nksw-b'e dh jh fJZSk eod/ j'J/ fsnkrh
g[o, ;G e[ZM fsnkr e/ ub/ iKd/ :kBh ;zB:k;h (;kX{) j' iKd/
jB*.
(fpqjL T[L 4. 4. 22)
t/dKs ftZu gqwkswk dk i' fBoftebg ;ò{g eEB ehsk frnk
j?, T[j fJzdqhnK dh gj[zu s'A go/ ;ZfudkBzdxB pqjw w?A jK fJ;
gqeko fJZe-o; nB[Gt eo oj/ ihtB-w[es g[o B{z e[ZM Gh eoBk
pkeh BjhA ofjzdk.
pqjw-sZs` B{z ikD b?D go frnkBtkB B{z gfjbK tKr{z ;z;ko
dh gqshsh BjhA ofjzdh ns/ i/ c/o Gh ;z;ko dh ;Zssk pDh ojh sK
;wM b?Dk ukjhJ/ fe jkbK T[j ;z;koh jh j?, T[; B{z pqjw-sZs` dk
(ftL u{L L 443)
frnkB j'fJnk jh BjhA j?.
f;zfwqsh ftZu Gh fejk j?frnkB o{g nzfwqs d`kok fsqgsh B{z gqkgs j'J/ feqs-feqs i'rh B{z
e[ZM Gh eosZt BjhA ns/ i/ T[; B{z e[ZM eosZt Gk;dk j? sK T[j
sZs`fts jh BjhA j?.
fJ; gqeko dk feqs-feqs frnkBh g[o, wjK-nBzd ftZu wrB
j'fJnk, tZv/ Gkoh d[Zy Bkb Gh ubkfJwkB BjhA j[zdk :kBh nkgDh
nuZb fJ;fEsh s'A fjZb BjhA ;edk. GrtkB feqB ih efjzd/ jBfJzdqhnK s'A nshs e/tb [ZX j'Jh ;{yw p[ZXh d`kok rqjD eoB
:'r i' nBzs nBzd j?, T[; B{z fi; nt;Ek ftZu nB[Gt eodk j?
ns/ fi; nt;Ek ftZu fJ;fEs j'fJnk, fJj i'rh Grts ;ò{g
s'A ubkfJwkB BjhA j[zdk.
*
(rhL nL 6 L 21)
fJ; dk fJj wsbp BjhA i' nksw fJ;fEsh sd jh j[zdh j? i/ ;G e[ZM fsnkr e/
;zBk;h pD ikt/. wB ftZu'A ;z;ko dh ;Zssk eZYDh j? ukj/ ;kX{ pD e/ eZY d/t/
s/ ukj/ frqj;E ftZu ofjzdk jh. fuZs'A ;z;ko dk w'j SZv/ fpBK nkswk dh gqkgsh
BjhA j[zdh ukj/ ;zBk;h j't/, ukj/ frqj;Eh.
nwo t;s{
185
gqw/o dh gqkgsh o{g fi; bkG B{z gqkgs j' e/, T[;s'A nfXe
d{ik e[ZM Gh bkG BjhA wzBdk ns/ gqwksw gqkgsh o{g fi; nt;Ek
ftZu fJ;fEs j'fJnk, tZv/ Gkoh d[Zy Bkb Gh ubkfJwkB BjhA
j[d
z k.
(rhL nL 6 L 22)
nb"fee w;sh
fi; nuZb gowkBzd fJ;fEsh ftZu d[Zy dk Bkw-fBkB th
BjhA j?, T[; nb"fee nBzd dk of;e sZs`t/sk nfijk wstkbk j'
iKdk j? fe i' T[sokn-uVQk tkb/ ;z;koh o; jB, T[BQK B{z uZyD dh
r[zikfJ jh BjhA ofjzdh feT[Afe T[j fJZe-o; ofjD tkbk nwb
(Bk) T[sodk jh BjhA j?jfo o;[ ghts ;d jh oksk.. nkB o;k fyB wfj bfj iksk..
jfo o; e/ wks/ wfB ;dk nBzd.. nkB o;k wfj ftnkg? fuzd..
jfo o;[ ght? nbw;s[ wstkok.. nkB o;k ;fG j'S/ o/.. ojkT[..
jfo o; eh ehwfs ejh B ikfJ.. jfo o;[ ;kX{ jkfN ;wkfJ..
bky eo'oh fwb? B e/j.. fi;fj gokgfs fs; jh d/fj..
BkBe ukfy GJ/ fp;wkd[.. BkBe r[o s/ nkfJnk ;kd[..
Jhs T{s es S'fv B ikfJ.. BkBe rhXk jfo o; wkfj..
(nzr 377
377))
wkJh oh wB[ w/o' wstko'..

g/fy dfJnkb nBd ;[y g{oB jfo of; ofgU y[wko'.. ojkT[..
fBowb GJ/ T{ib i;[ rkts pj[fo B j'ts eko'..
(nz r 1225
1225))
r[ow[fy nzsfo ;ji[ j? wB[ ufVnk d;t? nkekf;..

fsE? T{Ax B G[y j? jfo nzfwqs Bkw[ ;[y tk;[..
BkBe d[y[ ;[y[ ftnkgs Bjh fiE? nksw okw gqrk;[..
(nzr 1414
1414))
186
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
r[DK s'A nshs ihtB-w[es g[o dh ohoe feqnk ;[Gkfte jh

;wsk g{ope j[zdh ofjzdh j?, fJj fdykT[Ad/ jB;kiB[ d[;N[ ike? J/e ;wkB?.. i/sk p'bD[ s/sk frnkB?..
i/sk ;[BDk s/sk Bkw[.. i/sk g/yB[ s/sk fXnkB..
;ji/ ikrD[ ;ji/ ;'fJ.. ;ji/ j'sk ikfJ ;[ j'fJ..
;jfi p?okr ;ji/ jh j;
Bk.. ;ji/ u{g ;ji/ jh igBk
..
j;Bk..
igBk..
;ji/ G'iB[ ;ji/ GkT[.. ;ji/ fwfNU ;rb[ d[okT[..
;ji/ j'nk ;kX{ ;zr[.. ;jfi fwfbU gkopqjw[ fB;zr[..
(nzr 236
236))
fJ; gqeko fi;dh jo nt;Ek ftZu pqjwfdqNh jh j?, T[j fe;

feqnk d/ eoB tkbk j?< noEks T[j e[ZM eodk jh BjhA* feT[Afe
pqjw n;zr j?, fJ; bJh T[j t;s{ jh sZs`t/sk dk nkgDk ;ò{g j?.
fJj t;s{ fe;/ nt;Ek ftZu Gh tZX xZN j' ikD tkbh BjhA j?,
;dk fBozso fJZe-o; jh pDh ofjzdh j?. fJ; wjK-o; d/ ;`kd ftZu
fgnk j'fJnk wB, fe;/ ekb ftZu Gh fJ; s'A fGzB fe;/ j'o ;`kd B{z
Bj] fustdk feT[Afe pkeh ;G ftBkh o; (S{S/ wd) jB. fJ;
nb"fee okp Bkb wstkbk j'fJnk frnkBh, ;z;ko dhnK E'EhnK
(p/-o;hnK) okpK dh fJZSk ed eodk W< efjzd/ jBfBMo Xko u[n? nfs fBowb fJj o; wB{nk oks' o/..
efj epho ;rb/ wd S{S/ fJj? wjk o;[ ;ku' o/..
(nzr 969
969))
epho ih i'rh gqsh fJ; fBowb :kBh [ZX ns/ ;d?th wd

(Bk) dh w;sh dk toBD eod/ jB fe id s'A w/o/ wB B/ fJj
okp ghsh W sd s'A nfijk w;s j' fojk W i' ed/ Gh j'o s[ZS wdK
*
fJ; dk wsbp fJj BjhA fe wB fJzdqhnK s/ oho d`kok fttjko BjhA eodk. i' T[;
dk nkgDk fttjko j?, T[; B{z eodk j'fJnk w?A eodk jK fJ; nfGwkB s'A ofjs
ofjzdk j? feT[Afe nksw ;ò{g frnkBtkB ftZu e'Jh feqnk ;zGt BjhA j?.
nwo t;s{
187
d/ o; uZyD bJh ;zebg jh Bj] T[mkT[Adk feT[Afe fJj wd ufVPnk

j'fJnk T[Zsodk Bj] W. fJj gqf;ZX jh W fe o{os g?Adh W gqzs{ fJj
fJZe o; uVPh ofjD tkbh okp dk fgnkbk id s'A w/o/ ;fsr[o{ B/
w?B{z fdZsk W, T[; tes s'A w?A nfijk wstkbk j'fJnk ofjzdk jK fe
;z;ko dh e'Jh t;s{ ;[ZMdh jh Bj] :kBh fpbe[b p/poh ofjzdh W
noEks nkswk ftZu'A wB fBebdk jh Bj] WnT[X{ w/ok wB[ wstkok..
T[Bwd uYk wdB o;[ ukfynk fsqGtB GfJnk T[finkok..
gqrN gqrk; frnkB r[o rzfws ;fsr[o s/ ;[fX gkJh..
dk;[ epho[ sk;[ wd wksk T[ufe B epj{ ikJh..
(nzr 969
969))
fe;/ ekb ftZu Gh nkgD/ nkswk s'A fGzB e'Jh t;s{ Bj]
;[ZMdh. fJZe nkswk pqjw jh jo soc g{oB j' fojk W. fJj nt;Ek
id fe;/ dh fBozso ofjD bZr iKdh W sd T[j g[o feqs-feqs j'
iKdk W. T[; wjK-nBzd ftZu v[Zp/ j'J/ sZs`t/sk dh wfjwk, fe;
pkDh d`kok eEB ehsh ikt/< feT[Afe T[j ntku (nfBotuBh:
:kBh Bk eEB :'r) gd W, T[j sZs`t/sk dk nkgDk ;ò{g W. T[;
ftZu fJj gqshs d/ fojk fisBk uokuo irs W, ;[gB gqgzu nEtk
oZ;h ftZu ;Zg dh tKr{z GqKsh jh W. ebfgs t;s{, nfXmkB s'A
i[dk j[zdh jh Bj] ;' fJj irs pqjw jh W.
fgnko/ fti'rh! fJj pqjwt/sk dh nuZb fJ;fEsh W. i' e[ZM
s{z ikBDk ;h ns/ i' e[ZM Gh ;kv/ d`kok s?B{z T[gd/ fdZsk ikDk
;h, T[j ;G e[ZM j' u[Zek W. j[D e/tb s{z jh fJ; nuZb fJ;fEsh
tkbk j'Dk W.
g q B -i' ikBD :'r t;s{ ;h, T[; B{z ikD e/ ns/ fisBk
bkwh T[gd/ ;h T[; B{z qtD eoe/ Gh, eh n uZb fJ;fEsh j'Dh,
188
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
fJ; s'A tZyoh e'Jh j'o nt;Ek W< nEtk e[ZM j'o eoBk pkeh
ofjzdk W, fi; ekoB T[gq'es puB ej/ rJ/ jB<
T[ Z so
so-Bj]\ e[ZM Gh eoBk pkeh Bj] fojk ns/ Bk jh fJ; s'A
fpbZSD e'Jh j'o nt;Ek jh W. r[o{d/t d/ T[gq'es puB, fti'rh
dh pqjw ftZdk qtD dh irk;k ;wkgs eoB kso sEk i' e[ZM
Gh, fi; o{g ftZu nkswk B{z ikfDnk W, T[jh o{g j' ikD pko/ ftZu
jB :kBh fuZs B{z nuZb nkgD/ nkswk-pqjw ftZu mfjok d/D
d/ wsbp oZyD tkb/ jB feT[Afe pqjw i' nkgDk jh nkswk W,
T[;d/ frnkB ;zpzXh puB, fisB/ Gh j'o eEB ehs/ ikDr/, T[j
fJ; s'A fpbZSD p'X T[sgzB eoB tkb/ Bj] j' ;ed/. fJ; nG/dfrnkB dh fdqVPsk kso jh j'Dr/, fJ; bJh fnkdk eEB s'A eh
wsbp< nkgD/ jh nkswk B{z pqjw o{g i' fti'rh B/ ikfDnk W,
T[; ftZu ;G gqeko dh irk;k B{z fwNk e/ nzsjeoD, fJzdqhnK
ns/ oho s'A ofjs i' fBofteko gd W, T[; ftZu nuZb fJ;fEs
j' ikt/, fJjh fJ; dk sksgo: W.
fi;dh fuZs fpqsh, pqjw ftZdk B{z qtD eod/ tes pd'pdh
nkgD/ ;ò{g ftZu fNedh ik ojh W T[j fti'rh, r[o{d/t d/ T[gq'es
puBK B{z ;qtD eoe/ (fi; B{z ikBDk e[ZM Gh pkeh Bj] fojk)
fBoftebg ;wkXh ftZu fJ;fEs j' frnk.
r[o{ T[gd/ d`kok nXko'g dh fBftosh j'D Bkb ns:zs
fBowb nkgD/ nkswk ftZu fti'rh sK fNfenk jh j'fJnk ;h sd
Gh nB/e :[esh g{ope wjKtkeK dk T[gd/ jkbK ikoh ;h. fJ;
bJh fuZs-fpqsh, r[o{ puBK ftZu bZrh ofjD d/ ekoB fuZs ;zebg{B Bj] j'fJnk ;h. fi; pqqjw ftZu d`?s ns/ nd`?s nkfd e'Jh Gh
pd gqftos Bj] j' ;ed/. ftXh-fB/X dk Gh fi; ftZu e'Jh
db Bj] W, T[; fBoftebg ns/ fBot?t (fBofteko) ;ò{g pqjw
nwo t;s{
189
ftZu j[D fti'rh fNfenk j'fJnk j?. T[j pkjobhnK ;z;kfoe fpqshnK
d/ nGkt j'D Bkb nfijk p/-po W fiT[A ;{oi d/ T[d/ j'D go,
oksqh dk ok fizBK Gh fteko Bj] ofjzdk noEks pqjw d/ gqek
Bkb nfrnkB oksqh dh e'Jh nz pkeh ojh jh Bj]. j[D e/tb
gqek jh gqek ofj frnk :kBh e'Jh ;z;koh t;s{ pkeh Bj] W.
eJh tko p[bkT[D go Gh fti'rh dk fuZs, nEkj nBzd ;w[zdo
ftZu'A fBeb Bj] ;fenk, nkfo ;fsr[o{ B/ :sB g{ope ;z;ko
tZb'A ;[Zs/ j'J/ B{z irkfJnk ns/ B/sqK B{z y'bPd/ ;ko jh r[o{d/t d/
gftZsq uoBK ftZu fvZr fgnk ns/ fJT[A p'fbnk-
fti'rh dk nB[Gt
r[o{d/t\ nkg ih d/ nb"fee ;ò{g B{z eq'VK pko gqDkw\ nkg ih
d/ wjKtke o{g wzsqK B/ w?B{z d`?s o{gh ;Zg d/ vzr Bkb sVgd/ j'J/ B{z
nfijh Ksh pyh W, i' woB nkfd d/ G? dhnK bfjoK g? ojhnK
;B, fes/ wkb{w jh Bj] fdzdhnK :kBh j[D w?A fJj ;wMdk jK fe w?B{z
d`?s o{gh ;Zg B/ vzfrnk jh Bj] W, w?A fpbe[b ;`;E jK. i' e[ZM Gh w?A
d/fynk, T[j nfrnkB fBzdqk ftZu ;[Zs/ j'J/ B{z nDj'fJnk jh Gkf;nk
W. nkg ih B/ gftZsq wjKtke o{g nktk wko e/ , T[; nfrnkBwJh
r{VP fBzdqk s'A irkn fdZsk W. fJ; bJh, w?A ikfrqs :kBh gfjbh
nt;Ek B{z gqkgs j' frnk jK, w?A nsh ;[yh jK.
r[o{d/t\ w?B{z (ueqtosh oki/ B{z) ;[gB ftZu ekw, eq'X nkfd u'oK
B/ b[ZN fbnk ;h ns/ nd`?s o{gh w/ohnK nZyK pzBP e/, nsh Gzeo
d`?s o{gh /o nkfd ihtK Bkb g{oB, ;z;ko o{gh izrb ftZu ;[ZN
fdZsk ;h. w?A nsh dhB nt;Ek B{z gqkgs j'fJnk, eJh soQK Bkb
ftbedk ;h. T[; nfijh ftnke[bsk s/ sVgdh jkbs go, nkg
ih B/ so; yk e/, w?B{z nkgDh gftZsq pkDh d`kok ntk wko fdZsh
j?. ;fsr[o{ d/t! w?A nkgD/ tk;fsè Gkt B{z :kBh i' e[ZM w?A jK jh
190
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
(okik Gkt) B{z gbzx go fpokfink j'fJnk (fJ; oho ftZu) jh

gqkgs j' frnk jK, nkg dk eq'VK pko [eo j?! [eo j?!! ;fsr[o{
d/t! w?A i' nfrnkB nzXeko ftZu, nkgD/ jh goSkt/A B{z d`?s o{gh
G{s ;wM e/, T[; s'A G? Ghs j' fojk ;h, nkg ih B/ frnkB o{gh
dhge fdyk e/, T[; ekbgfBe G{s B{z T[vk fdZsk j?, fJ; bJh w?A
nd`?s o{g jh pkeh ofj ikD d/ ekoB nsh fBoG? j' frnk jK!
ej[ epho ;[fy ;jfi ;wktT[..
nkfg B voT[ B nto voktT[..
G? ekj{ eT[ d/s Bfj Bfj G? wkBs nkB..
(nzr 327
327))
(nzr 1427
1427))
w/oh ebgh j'Jh d`?s d/ ftBke ;fsr[o{! Bk w/ok e[ZS fprfVnk

ns/ Bk jh e[ZS ;tfonk j?. jo eb ftZu ;opZsq g{oB, nd[sh:
u/sB ;ò{g nkswk w?A jh jK, w/oh ;Zsk s'A fGzB e'Jh d{ih t;s{
BjhA j?. w?A nftZd:k nt;Ek ftZu, nkgD/ jh ;zebg d`kok pzXB
ftZu fgnk j'fJnk ;h ns/ T[; ;zebg s'A ofjs j' e/, w?A w[es j'
frnk jK noEks ;zebg eo e/ pzXB s/ ;zebg ofjs j'fJnk
w[es fJ; gqeko fttjko j[zdk j?. tk;st ftZu id fe w/o/ ;ò{g
ftZu ;zebgK dk ekoB wB jh BjhA j? sK pzXB ns/ w[esh d'jK
gdK dh w/o/ ftZu gqftosh fe; soQK j' ;edh j?< feT[Afe w?A wB
ns/ pkDh s'A nshs, fBofteko nuZb t;s{ jK. ni (niBwk)
ns/ nwo nkfd pd fJBQK d' ftgohs :kBh iBw s/ woB nkfd
gqshshnK d/ yzvB ykso, k;sq B/ ebgBk ehs/ jB. w?A i' nefj
t;s{ jK, T[; ftZu fe;/ gqeko dh Gh ebgBk BjhA pD ;edh. w?A
Bk fe;/ ebgBk dk ft: ns/ Bk jh nft: jK. t/d, t/dKs
nkfd k;sq, g[okD, rhsk nkfd f;zfwqshnK, ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp,
e[okB s/ nzihb nkfd rqzEK d`kok, fi; gqwkswk dk BkBk gqeko
Bkb i; ehsk frnk j?, T[j fBofteko ns/ fBoftebg gqwkswk
nwo t;s{
191
w?A ([ZX w?A :kBh nkswk) jh jK, fJ; ftZu fezus ;zd/j BjhA. w?A
T[gq'es rqzEK d/ f;XKs dh T[sgsh s'A Gh gfjbK w"i{d jK. i/ w?A
(nkswk-gqwkswk) Bk j[zdk sK fJBQK B{z oudk e"D s/ oXk g{ope
gVQdk, ;[Ddk ns/ wzBdk e"D< j/ nBzd! dksk ;fsr[o{! fJj ;`;zt/
d t;s{ d/ nb"fee nBzd B{z, w?A pkDh (Gkk) d`kok fe; soQK
nkyK< fJj gqshsh wksq pkDh (Gkk) e[ZM efjD bJh ;woZE BjhA
j' ;edh. f;tkJ/ r{zr/ dh wfmnkJh ykD tkb/ fdqNKs s'A, w?A j'o
fejVh s[bBk d/tK<
ej[ epho r{zr? r[V[ ykfJnk g{S/ s/ fenk ejhn?..
(nzr 337
337))
fJ; gqeko puB eodk j'fJnk fti'rh fe;/ nBzdxB,

fBoftebg, g{oB t;s{ ftZu bhB j' frnk. fi; ftZu oho,
fJzdqhnK s/ wB BjhA jB, T[j fBofteko pqjw o{g fti'rh, ;z;ko
tZb'A fpbe[b p/po j' frnk :kBh nkgD/-nkg s'A i[dk, ;z;ko dh
gqshsh jN rJh :kBh fdq: s/ fdqNk d/ o{g ftZu, w?A jh ;G bhbQk
eo fojk jK, w/o/ fpBK j'o e[ZM Gh BjhA j?, fJ; nub fJ;fEsh
tkbk j' frnk. T[; oho s'A ofjs dh Gh, oho :[es fijh d{finK
B{z i' gqshsh j[zdh j?, T[; dh fJ;fEsh gqkoZpX dh ;wkgsh sZe jh
j?. tk;st ftZu sK frnkBh dh gqkoZpX Gh BjhA pD ;edh feT[Afe
gqkoZpX Gh fe;/ oho dh wzBDh gt/rh. i' oho nkg jh ;[gB
gqgzu sEk oZ;h ftZu ;Zg d/ tKr{z ebfgs j?, T[;dh gqkoZpX eh<
sK Gh nfrnkBh wB[ZK B{z gqshs fdzdk j?. fJ; bJh q[sh Gh T[BQK
d/ ;zs'y bJh fJT[A efj fdzdh j? fe frnkBtkB dk oho gqkoZpX
d`kok joes eodk j?. nkswk fe;/ pd dk ft/ BjhA j?, T[;
;zebg {B nwo t;s{ ftZu ;z;ko dh fJ;fEsh feZE/< :kBh
nkswk s'A fGzB ;z;ko e[ZM Gh BjhA j?. T[; nefj t;s{ B{z jh
192
fBofteko nksw gqeoD
pqjw ns/ ;z;ko fJBQK d' pdK ftZu efj d/Ad/ jB-fJZe jh t;s{
d/ d' Bkw jB. T[; eEB ftZu Bk nkT[D tkb/ nBzdxB ;ò{g ftZu
wstkbk j'fJnk fti'rh, nkg g{oB j[zdk j'fJnk jh g{oB gd B{z
gqkgs j' frnk :kBh fJ;fEs j' frnk;G feS[ nkg/ nkfg j? d{ik nto[ B e'fJ..
(nzr 39
39))
i' dh;? ;' ;rb s{zj? g;fonk gk;ko[..

ej[ BkBe r[fo Gow[ ekfNnk ;rb pqjw phuko[.. (nzr 51
51))
BkBe J/e' oft ofjnk d{;o j'nk B j'r[..
gqrN eo/ i' r[gs ofj ;` ;esh Bkw o{g..
eosk j'fJ ftgohs B nub ;`Gkt nB{g.. 1..
nG{b j's Gh ngBh G{b y'i ;h eo/..
r'uo wB fJzdqh: sEk nr'uo T[G? go/.. 2..
n; fBofteko ;` nksw pqjw nfBotuBh:..
eo{z gqDkw fpbk; fiw BjhA ohs e' ph:.. 3..
(nz r 251
251))
193
Grsh gqeoD
wz r bkuoD
gq/w jhB ep fwb ;e/, gqhsw gq/w i[ o{g.
si fJZSk ip brB J/e, j'fJ fSB gqG[ ;o{g.. 1..
;'us fenk wB grb/, T[; ohMB ek fBfwZs.
gq/w nrB w/A e{d MZN, fiT[A dhg gszr fwZs.. 2..
gq/wh fuZs i[ puB uj/, eJh ohs ;/ :ko.
J/e c[o/ B Bw;eko, d/ys oj/ fgnko.. 3..
nuoi ohsh g/qw eh, wB pkDh B ;oho.
oj/ ;[ gqhsw J/e jh, fEo ;`Gkt rzGho.. 4..
194
Grsh gqeoD
fgnko/ jfof;woB! ;[D fbnk j? fti'rh dk nkgD/ gqhsw

nkswk-pqjw dh brB ftZu wrB j' e/ ;z;ko s'A p/po j' ikD
dk ekoB< fJ; gqeko ;fsr[o{ d`kok wjktkeK dk T[gd/ gk e/, T[j
wstkbk j' frnk!!
fpoj
gqzs{ jfof;woB! s/oh fJj fej' fijh dk j[zdh ik ojh j?< s{z
fe;/ fuzsk dk feko pD frnk j?A< s{z mzY/-mzY/ ;kj Godk j?A. s/o/
fujo/ dk ozr ghbk j' frnk j?. ed/ B/sqK ftZu'A gkDh ;[Zfenk j'fJnk
n;hA d/fynk BjhA. p'bdk s{z pj[s xZN j?A. yKdk fpbe[b E'VQk fijk
jh j?A ns/ oks B{z s{z ;"Adk th BjhA. s/oh p/u?Bh fJ; soQK wkb{w fdzdh
j? fiT[A e'Jh fe;/ dh T[vhe ftZu p/u?B ofjzdk j?. wZSh dh soQK s{z
sVcdk j?A ns/ wZE/ T[Zs/ jZE oZy BhthA gk e/, s{z p?mk ofjzdk j?A.
fJj bZSD ohoe phwkoh d/ BjhA jB, fJj sK fiT[A e'Jh fe;/ d{i/
B{z fdb d/ u[Zfenk j'fJnk j[zdk j?, T[; p/fdb dh fBkBh j?. fJj
popkd eo d/D tkbh wo s{z feZE'A yohd bJh j?< s{z fe; d/ sho
dk fBkBk pD frnk j?A<
jfof;woB - (mzYk ;kj Go e/) tkfjr[o{! r'ftzd!! BkokfJD!!!
fJj efjzd/ jh B/sqK ftZu'A gkDh gob-gob trD bZr fgnk i'
fJT[A ;wM' fe fdb d/ Go/ j'J/ Skb/ B{z fe;/ t?d B/ Bso (fsZy/
n"ko) Bkb S/V fdZsk j't/.
;z s - (fgnko Bkb prb ftZu b?e/) jfof;woB! dZ;, s?B{z eh
d[Zy j?< fi; Gh uh B{z s/ok fuZs ukj[zdk j?A w?B{z T[j dZ;! w?A gqD
eodk jK fe s/oh T[; ukj B{z g{ok eoB kso, jo gqeko dh e'f
eoKrk.
jfof;woB;' es ikB? gho gokJh.. ik e? nzsfo dod[ Bk gkJh..
(nzr 793
793))
nwo t;s{
195
;z s-fgnko/! fJj mhe j?, gzqs{ w?A ;wMdk jK fe fJj ghVk ed/
w?B{z Gh j' u[Zeh j?. s/o/ ;ko/ jh bZSD, w/o/ yw d/ dod tKr{z wkb{w
fdzd/ jB, T[j nkgDh tosh j'Jh dtkJh, w?A s?B{z dZ; d/tK sK j'
;edk W fe s{z okh j' ikt/A!
jfof;woB nkgD/ B/sqK B{z T[Zuk T[mk e/ ;zsK tZb sZe e/
w[;eqkfJnk ns/ fco EZb/ B{z rodB M[ek, wZE/ go jZE oZy e/ fe;/
fuzsk ftZu v[Zp frnk. fJT[A wkb{w fdzdk W fe fuzsk o{gh gkDh
ftZu o[VP/ iKd/ B{z, e[ZM Xhoi o{gh T[Zuh po/sh nk rJh ;h, fi; bJh
E'VPk fijk ;wK g?oK go yb' e/, fJZXo-T[ZXo sZed/ B{z feBkok
fdyD Bkb y[h sK j'Jh gqzs{ 'o Bkb trd/ gkDh B/ fco g?o T[ykV
e/ o'VP fbnk W.
;z s-fgnko/ jfof;woB\ w?A ;wM frnk jK. j[D s{z nk; oZy fe
s?B{z wB tKSs t;s{ o{o jh fwb/rh, gqzs{ fgnko/ dZ; sK ;jh s{z
fejVh t;s{ B{z fJ; ;z;ko ftZu'A u[fDnk W< w?A s?B{z T[; dh n;bhns
;wMk fdzdk jK, fi; Bkb s/oh T[j y`kfj jh fwN ikt/rh ns/ gow
;[yh j' ikt/Ark nEtk e'Jh fBZs (;dk) ofjD tkbh t;s{ s/ok wB
u[ok e/ b? rJh W sK T[;dh gqkgsh dk T[gkfJ w?A d;dk jK, fi;B{z
gqkgs eoe/, s{z fuzsk ofjs ns/ nsh nkBzfds j' ikt/Ark. fgnko/
jfof;woB\ e[ZM nky sK ;jh, s/o/ p'b/ fpBK w/oh [pkB e[ZM efjD
bJh gqftos Bj] j[zdh.
jfof;woB
jfof;woB-wjkoki\ w/ok fwZsq fti'rh i' wB[Zyk iBw dk
;G s'A gfjbk fBkBk gowgd dh gqkgsh eoBk ;h, ;' eo u[Zfenk
W. T[;d/ puB fesB/ wX[o jB i' ;[Dd/ ;ko jh fuZs Ks j' iKdk
W. T[j nb"fee ozr ftZu nfijk ozfrnk ofjzdk W i' e'Jh Gh
d[fBnkth ozr, T[; T[Zs/ n;o Bj] eodk. T[j fBozeko dh fbt
tkbk, fBozeko jh pD u[Zfenk W. nc;';\ w?A nGkrk, T[;h soPK
196
Grsh gqeoD
;z;ko ;w[zdo ftZu r's/ yk fojk jK. T[j gops dh soPK nv'b j? ns/
ewb tKr{z gkDh ftZu p?mk jh fBob/g ofje/, ;z;ko ouBk dk
swkk d/y fojk W. T[; B{z e'Jh ftftjkoe nB[e{bsk-gqshe{bsk
;go jh Bj] eodh. fiBPK doBK Bkb T[j wstkbk j' frnk W
eh T[; nfij/ gqG{ d/ doB w?B{z j' ikDr/< T[; B{z gqG{ doB j'J/
ikD e/, w/oh sVg tXD dk Bshik jh W i' fe nkg w/oh jkbs d/
y oj/ j'A. w?A fpojk dh nZr Bkb ;Vdk ik fojk jK. feqgkb{ wjkoki\
Ksh bJh fwbkg o{gh ib po;kT[. w?B{z pukT[\ w?A nkg ih dh
oD ftZu nkfJnk jK.
;z s-jfof;woB\ fJj fpoj nrBh nsh T[Zsw ns/ T[;ssh d/
i'r W. nDikD b'e jh fJ; fpoj B{z p[ok efjzd/ jB. fJj nrBh
fe;/ ;q/N eowK tkb/ d/ fjod/ ftZu jh gqi`fbs j' ;edh W. fJj sK
uZeqtosh oki/ d/ s[Zb W :kBh fJ;d/ j'D Bkb jh nuZb ;[Zy dh
fBXh fwbdh W. i' fJ; fti'r Bkb ed/ sVfcnk jh Bj], T[;
fjod/ ftZu fgnko/ dk fBtk; fe; soPK j' ;edk W< T[j nzsjeoD
nkpkd eh j'Dk W, ;wM' p/-o"Deh w;kD G{wh Wfpojk fpojk nkyhn? fpojk s{ ;[bskB[..
cohdk fis[ sfB fpoj[ B T{gi? ;' sB[ ikD[ w;kB[..
(nzr 1379
1379))
fJj fpoj, gq/w o{gh dhge B{z j'o Gh T[Zuk eo d/D tkbh W.
fi; soPK fe;/ shb/ Bkb nEtk b?Ag ftZu bZrh j'Jh pZsh ;hyD
(u[ZeD) tkbh fcoeh Bkb pZsh B{z T[Zuk eo d/Jhdk W s/ gqek tX
iKdk W, fJ;h soPK fJj fpoj nkgD/ gqhsw ftZu gq/w B{z tXkT[D
dk ohnk W. fJ; s'A fpBK gq/w dh fJ;fEsh Bj] ns/ gq/w s'A pr?o,
fpoj T[sgzB Bj] j[zdk. fJj g{opb/ nsh T[Zsw eowK dk cb j[zdk
W i' :[tk nt;Ek, ;[zdo, fBo'r d/j, ftZd:k ;zgzB, us[o, r[Dhb
ns/ XB-gdkoE d/ ;z:[es-fJ; ekw nkfd ftekoK Bkb nzX ofjD
nwo t;s{
197
tkbh nt;Ek ftZu Gh e'Jh nkgD/ gqhsw gqG{ d/ fpoj Bkb ftnke[b
oj/. fJ; sVg tkbk e'Jh ftobk jh ;z;ko ftZu fwbdk Wcohdk T[wo ;[jktVh ;zfr ;[tzBVh d/j..
ftob/ e/Jh gkJhnfB fizB~kk fgnko/ B/j..
(nzr 1382
1382))
gqzs{ fJj fe;/ d/ nkgD/ tZ; Gh Bj] fe w?A gqG{ Bkb gq/w eoK,
Gkt/A e'Jh eq'VK :sB eo/, ;G fB;cb j'Dr/. fJj gq/w-fgnkbk gqG{
d/ gk; jh W, T[j fi; B{z th ukj/ d/e/ w;skBk pDk d/t/. Gkt/A
pZuk, :[tk ns/ fpoX nEtk fJ;sqh nkfd e'Jh Gh j't/, fi;B/ Gh
fJj ;z;ko s'A p/j' eoB tkbk fgnkbk w{zj Bkb bkfJnk, T[j
nkgD/ gqhsw dh :kd ftZu nfijk ozfrnk iKdk W fe T[; T[Zs/
e'Jh Gh d[fBnkth ozr Bj] uVP ;edk. gqzs{ fi;B{z gqw/o fJj
fgnkbk d/ d/t/nkgDk bkfJnk fgow[ B brJh i/ b'u? ;G[ e'fJ..
J/j[ fgow[ fgnkbk y;w ek i? Gkt? s? d/fJ..
(nzr 1378
1378))
epho fpoj[ G[:zrw[ wfB p;? wzs[ B wkB? e'fJ..

(nzr 1368
1368))
okw fpUrh B ihn? ihn? s pT[ok j'fJ..
wsbp fJj W fe fJj fpoj o{gh ;Zg, fi; wB ftZu ofjD bZr
iKdk W, T[; B{z sVgk fdzdk W. fJj fpoj fe;/ Gh wzsq Bkb Bj]
fBebdk noEks ;z;ko dh e'Jh Gh t;s{ nfijh Bj] i' fJ; B{z
fuZs ftZu'A eZY e/, nkg fBtk; eoB bZr ikt/ :kBh fJ; B{z jNk
e/, fpojh B{z ;[yh eo ;e/. nkgD/ fgnko/ okw d/ ft:'r tkbk th
ed/ ih ;edk W< noEks T[j ;z;kfoe fpqsh tkbk ed/ Bj] j'
;edk, T[j sK fJZe o; nkgD/ gqhsw dh sVg tkbk jh oj/rk.
;z;koe ozr sK fJ; go uVP jh Bj] ;edk, fi; Bkb fe fJj
nb"fee ozr fcZek g? ikt/. fJ; fpoj dk nGkt sK jh j'' ;edk W,
i/ nkgD/ gqhsw dk fwbkg j' ikt/. fco nfijh jkbs ftZu T[j
198
Grsh gqeoD
;dk jh ihT[Adk ofjD tkbk j[zdk W feT[Afe gqhsw gqG{ ;dk nwo W.
nfij/ gqG{ Bkb fwfbnk ofjD tkbk gq/wh, ;z;ko tZb'A fB;u/ jh
pT[bk (gkrb) j' iKdk W noEks fJZe o; brB tkbk fuZs,
ftftjko ftZu Gh ;wkXh s'A (pkjo) Bj] nkT[Adk.
fgnko/ jfof;woB\ fJj i' fpoj o{gh ;Zg, s?B{z eZN-eZN yKdk
ns/ fSzB Go Gh u?B Bkb Bj] fNeD fdzdk, s/ok Gbk jh eodk W
:kBh s/o/ go fJsBk T[geko eo fojk W i' pkDh d`kok eEB Bj]
ehsk ik ;edk. fJ; fpojk dk wsbp W fe s/ok wB fe;/ ;z;koe
t;s{ ftZu Bk nNe ikt/. s{z S/sh s'A S/sh nkgD/ fgnko/ B{z fwb/A,
fJ; bJh pkozpko sVckT[Adk W fe nZr/ B{z s[fonk ikt/A sK fe
fgnko/ gqG{ d/ e'b ibdh gj[zu/A. fJ; fpoj s'A fpBK, ed/ Gh gqhsw
dk fwbkg Bj] j' ;edk, fJ; bJh gqhsw dk fwbkg, fi; [ZG
eowK tkb/ B{z j'Dk W, T[;d/ fjod/ ftZu sK fpoj W jh. r[o{
wjkoki efjzd/ jB, i' wB nkgD/ fgnko/ d/ fwbkg bJh sVfgnk
Bj], T[; d[oGkr/ oho B{z nZr Bkb ibk d/Dk ukjhdk WBkBe fi;[ fgzio wfj fpojk Bjh ;' fgzio[ b? ikfo..
(nzr 89
89))
fgnko/ jfof;woB\ fJ;B/ s?B{z ;z;ko tZb'A T[ykV sK fdZsk go

fwbkg dk wkor Bj] fdyk ;edk feT[Afe fJj nkg nzXk W. i'
e'Jh fJ;d/ fgZS/ bZrdk W, T[j N'J/ fNZfpnK ftZu jh frodk W.
T[skj fJ; ftZu pj[s tZvk W, pkozpko gqhsw tZb jh d"Vdk W
gqzs{ ftukok eh eo/ id fe fJj nkg jh B/sqK s'A jhB W.
z e k -eh fJ;dk e'Jh Gh T[gkfJ Bj] :kBh B/sq fpbe[b nzX/ sK
Bj] jB, e/tb fdqNh dh jh e[ZM ewh W, T[j tX Bj] ;edh<
so-feT[A BjhA tX ;edh, fJ;dk fJbki Gh W. fJj fpoj
T[ Z so
fi;B/ bkfJnk W, T[jh r[o{ o{g ftZu nke/, nkgDk wkor fdykT[Adk
W. T[j T[gd/ o{gh ;[owk fJ;d/ B/sq] g?Adk W sd fJZXo-T[ZXo
nwo t;s{
199
:kBh ;z;kfoe ftfnK B{z Bk sZedk j'fJnk f;ZXk, nkgD/ gqhsw

tZb jh s[o g?Adk W. pZ;\ fco eh d/oh W< ekwb w[od (r[o{) o{g
wbkj, B"ek (p/Vh) B{z gko bk jh fdzdk Wpbs' ibs' sT[fenk r[o uzdB[ ;hsbkfJU..
nfrnkB nzX/ok fwfN rfJnk r[o frnkB[ dhgkfJU..
(nzr 241
241))
gkte[ ;kro[ rjo' ufo ;zsB Bkt sokfJU..
nzfXnko? dhge nkfB ibkJ/ r[o frnkfB r[o{ fbt bkr/..
nfrnkB[ nzX/ok fpBf; fpBkf;U xfo t;s[ bjh wB ikr/..
(nzr 172
172))
pkM[ r[o{ j? nzX r[pkok..
(nzr 116
116))
gqG{ j[ew nzdo ;G ihtK dh joes

fgnko/ jfof;woB!fi;B/ s/ok fdb y'fjnk j?, T[j e'Jh wB[Zy
BjhA, fes/ fJj Bk ;wM bJhA fe i/ T[j w?B{z Bk fwfbnk sK w?A
nkgDk wB tkg; b? btKrk :kBh fJ; fBs sVgdh ofjD tkbh
jkbs s'A S[Nekok gk iktKrk. T[j eq'VK pqjwzvK dk wkbe ns/
;op eshwkB j?. T[;dh nkfrnk fpBK, e'Jh ok fizBh Gh joes
BjhA eo ;edk. fJj gqsZy fdykJh d/D tkb/ ;{oi, uzdqwk, sko/,
fpibh, w/x, pqjwk, ftB{z, ft, :w nkfd d/ts/, wB[Z sEk
g{-gzSh nkfd ;G T[;dh nkfrnk nB[;ko nkgD/-nkgD/ ezwK
ftZu fB:w g{ope bZr/ j'J/ jB. e'Jh Gh uokuo (uoOnuo) :kBh
uZb-nuZb t;s{ BjhA j? i' T[;dh j[ew dh T[bzxBk eo ;e/(nz r 1)
j[ew? nzdfo ;G[ e' pkjfo j[ew B e'fJ..
id fe T[j fJ; soQK dk wjkB Jhò j? sK s/oh eh skes j? fe
s{z nkgDk sVgdk j'fJnk fuZs, T[; tZb'A w'V e/ ;[yh j' ikt/A. Bk
s{z nkgD/ fuZs B{z T[; tZb brk ;edk j?A ns/ Bk jh w'V ;edk j?A.
fJj s/o/ T[Zgo T[;dh wjkB nB[rqj (feqgk) j? i' s/o/ fuZs B{z, T[;B/
Grsh gqeoD
200
nkgD/ tZb fyZu fbnk j?. s{z fJj ;wM fe w?A T[;dh nkfrnk fpBK
e[ZM Gh BjhA eo ;edk. s{z fJeZbk eh, e'Jh Gh gqkDh nkgDh woh
Bkb ok Gh joes BjhA eo ;edk. fe;/ dh us[okJh e[ZM ;tkodh
BjhA ns/ w{oyskJh e[ZM ftrkV BjhA ;edhBk e' us[o[ Bkjh e' w{Vk.. Bk e' jhD[ Bkjh e' ;{ok..
fis[ e' bkfJnk fss jh bkrk..
(nzr 238
238))
Bk e' w{oy[ Bk e' f;nkDk.. tos? ;G feS[ s/ok GkDk..

(nzr 98
98))
i' fs;[ GkDk ;'Jh j{nk.. nto[ B eoD? tkbk d{nk..

(nzr 154
154))
J/e' j[ew[ tos? ;G b'Jh.. J/e;[ s/ ;G Ugfs j'Jh..

(nzr 223
223))
dtkJh, p{Nh, wzsq, izsq ns/ szsq nkfd e'Jh Gh T[gkfJ, T[;d/
j[ew fpBK e[ZM BjhA eo ;ed/. fi;B/ nkgD/ fuZs ftZu fJj g{ok
ft`k; eo fbnk fe T[;d/ j[ew fpBK nZy dk y'bQDk s/ whuDk
sZe Gh BjhA j' ;edk, T[j g[o fJ; ft`k; dh skes Bkb jh wzsq,
izsq ns/ szsq nkfd B{z s[ZS ;wMdk j?nT[yX wzsq szs ;fG Sko[.. eoD?jko fod/ wfj Xko[..
(nzr 196
196))
swkk eoB tkbk, ekm dhnK g[sbhnK B{z ozr-p-ozr/ p;sq

gfjBk e/ eJh ebK ftZu nkgDh woh w[skfpe joes eokT[Adk
j?. T[j fBoiht g[sbhnK eh nfGwkB eo ;edhnK jB fe n;hA
fJT[A eoBk j? s/ fJT[A BjhA eoBk. fJjh jkbs ;G uokuo (uZbnuZb) ;z;koh d/jK dh j?. fJj ;G d/jK ekm dhnK g[sbhnK tKr{z
jB ns/ ;G dh v'o s/o/ fgnko/ tkfjr[o{ d/ jZE ftZu j?, fi; B{z fit/
A woh feqnk eokt/-
nwo t;s{
201
ekm eh g[soh ejk eo? pg[oh fybktBjko' ikB?..

i?;k G/y[ eokt? pkihro[ T[j s?;' jh ;ki[ nkB?..
(nzr 206
206))
i/ fJj iht nkg ;[szsq o{g u e[ZM eoB ftZu ;woZE j'D sK
e"D nfijk j? i' ;[Zy BjhA ukj[zdk< ;ko/ jh gqkDh ngD/ ;[Zy B{z w[Zy
oZy e/ joes ftZu nkT[Ad/ jB. d[Zy tk;s/ u/Nk eoBh sK tZyoh
ojh, e'Jh iht wB ftZu fustdk Gh BjhA gqzs{ ed/ Gh fe;/ dh
woh nB[;ko Bshik BjhA fBebdk. ;?AeV/ :sB eoB go Gh,
j[zdk T[jh j? i' fgnko/ jfof;woB! s/o/ gqhsw B{z GkT[Adk j?isB pj[s ;[y e/ ehJ/ d[y e' ehU B e'fJ..
ej[ BkBe ;[fB o/ wBk jfo Gkt? ;' j'fJ..
Bo ukjs eS[ nT[o nT[o? eh nT[o? GJh..
fusts ofjU mrT[o BkBe ck;h rfb goh.. (nzr 1428
1428))
T[j gohg{oB gqwkswk jh fe;/ ft/ ezw d/ eoB bJh, fJ;
irs nzdo oho tkbk j'e/ gqrN j[zdk j?. Gkt/A T[; B{z oho :[es j'
e/ gqrN j'D dh b'V BjhA feT[Afe oho tkbk j' e/ T[; B/ gkghnK B{z
dzv s/ XowhnK dh ;jkfJsk BjhA eoBh, T[j sK ftnkge o{g ftZu
jo fJZe d/ fjod/ nzdo ofj e/ ;G s'A feqnk eotk fojk j?. gzqs{ i'
T[;d/ gq/wh-Grs nkgDhnK gzi G"fse nZyK Bkb fe;/ o{g ftZu
d/yDk jh ukj[zd/ jB, T[BQK dh fJZSk g{osh bJh ns/ Bk;se i' T[;
dh j'Ad B{z wzBd/ jh BjhA, T[BQK B{z nkgDh ;Zsk dk :ehB fdtkT[D
ykso, oho tkbk j' e/ gqrN j' iKdk j?. T[jh fBofteko gqG{ ;si[r
ftZu pktB, sq/s/ ftZu okw, d[nkgo ftZu feqB ns/ ebi[r ftZu
r[o{ BkBe ns/ fJ; s'A nZr/ d; o{gK ftZu gqrN j'fJnk. GftZys
ekb ftZu ebeh ntsko Gh jkbK j'Dk j?. T[;dh rsh e[ZM ikDh
BjhA ik ;edh fe T[; B/ nZr/ B{z eh eoBk j?, fgZS/ eq'VK nopK
ebgK ftZu eh eo u[Zek j? ns/ j[D eh eo fojk j?. e'Jh ikD/ Gh
202
Grsh gqeoD
fe; soQK< ekm dh g[sbh B{z eh po j? fe w?B{z pkhro B/ fej'

fijh joes eokT[Dh j?< w'No, rZvh nEtk oE nkfd iVQ gdkoEK
B{z eh gsk j? i' vokJhto B/ nZi feZE/ B{z b? e/ s[o g?Dk j?<
nZi, nZm (8) wjhB/ phs/ jB, fi;B/ Gh gkfe;skB pBD dk
fdq: nkgDhnK nZyK Bkb d/fynk j?, T[j T[; fBoG?, ;[szsq ns/
p/gotkj dh woh B{z nZSh soQK ikD ;edk j?fSB wfj okT[ oze eT[ eoJh okT[ oze efo vko/..
ohs/ Go/ Go/ ;yBkt? :j sk e' fptjko/..
(nzr 537
537))
okik;qw fwfs Bjh ikBh s/oh..
s/o/ ;zsB eh jT[ u/oh.. ojkT[..
j;s' ikfJ ;[ o'ts[ nkt? o'ts[ ikfJ ;[ j;?..
p;s' j'fJ j'fJ ;[' T{io[ T{io[ j'fJ ;[ p;?..
ib s/ Eb efo Eb s/ e{nk e{g s/ w/o[ eokt?..
Xosh s/ nkekf; uYkt? uY/ nkekf; frokt?..
G/ykoh s/ oki[ eokt? okik s/ G/ykoh..
yb w{oy s/ gzfvs[ efop' gzfvs s/ w[rXkoh..
Bkoh s/ i' g[oy[ eokt? g[oyB s/ i' Bkoh..
ej[ epho ;kX{ e' gqhsw[ fs;[ w{ofs pfbjkoh.. (nzr 1252
1252))
f;nkBg ekj{ ekfw B nks..
i' nBo{fgU mke[fo w/o? j'fJ ojh T[j pks..
(nzr 496
496))
ej[ wkB[y s/ fenk j'fJ nkt?.. i' fs;[ Gkt? ;'Jh eokt?..
(nzr 277
277))
wsk eo? gSw e? skJh g{op jh b? iks..

fyB wfj Ekfg T[EkgBjkok nkgB jkfE wsks..
(nzr 496
496))
fiT[ gqG Gkt? fst? Bukt?..

(nzr 278
278))
fJ; bJh fgnko/ jfof;woB\ fJ; G[b/y/ B{z S/sh s'A S/sh d{o eo d/D
nwo t;s{
203
dh o{os W fe w?A e[ZM eo ;edk jKi' eS[ eo? ;'Jh ;[y[ wkB[.. G{bk ekj/ fcofj nikB..
(nzr 283
283))
;'Jh f;nkDk ;' gfstzsk j[ew[ br? fi;[ whmk ihT[..

(nzr 108
108))
f;nkDg fJ;/ ftZu W fe nkgD/ wkbe dh woh s'A T[bN Bk j'

;ehJ/ :kBh T[jh ezw eohJ/ fi;d/ eoB Bkb gqG{ okh oj/ . ok h
T[j sd/ ofjzdk W i/ T[; dk j[ew fwZmk eoe/ wzBhJ/AfiT[ ;kfjp Bkfb B jkohn? s/t/jk gk;k Ykbhn?..
(nzr 474
474))
wB[Zy pE/ohnK wB woh dhnK sithK pDkT[Adk ofjzdk W

gqzs{ ;kohnK jh p/eko j' iKdhnK jB. ;[szsq, ;opZr: gqG{, T[j ezw
eodk W i' fJ;d/ ed/ :kd-u/s/ ftZu Gh Bk j't/epho i' w? fustT[ B eo? fenk w/o/ fust/ j'fJ..
ngBk fusftnk jfo eo? i' w/o/ fus B j'fJ..
(nzr 1376
1376))
epho Mzy[ B Mzyhn? s[wo' efjU B j'fJ..

eow eohw i[ efo oj/ w/fN B ;ke? e'fJ..
(nzr 1366
1366))
gq G { oD
fJ; bJh fgnko/ jfof;woB\ ;G gqeko dhnK us[okJhnK B{z
SZve/, fJZe ;op-eshwkB gqG{ dh oD gqkgs eoT[gkt S'fv rj[ fs;[ eh UN.. fBwy wkfj j't? s/oh S'fN..
(nzr 177
177))
gkopqjw eh ;oDh gkfj.. e'fN ebze fyB wfj fwfN ikfj..

(nzr 184
184))
uZeh d/ d' g[VK (gZEoK) ftZu nkfJnk nBki dk dkDk ed/

;kps pudk W< hxq jh nkNk pD iKdk W. gqzs{ fi; ftuekobh
204
Grsh gqeoD
feZbh d/ nk;o/ uZeh dk T[Zgobk g[V (gZEo) x[zwdk W, T[; feZbh

Bkb i' dkD/ bZr iKd/ jB, T[jh ;kps pu ofjzd/ jB ns/ pkeh
;ko/ nkNk pD iKd/ jB. fsT[A jh i' gqG{ dh oD ftZu ik gJ/, T[BPK
B{z ekb nkgDh dkVP j/mK b?e/ upk Bj] ;edk feT[Afe T[j gqG{,
ekb dk Gh ekb Wd[fJ g[V ueh i'fV e? gh;D[ nkfJ pfjm[..
i' dfo oj/ ;[ T[po/ BkBe nip[ fvm[..
(nzr 142
142))
iT[ ;[y eT[ ukj? ;dk ;ofB okw eh b/j..
(nzr 1427
1427))
z e k -fi; gqG{ dh oD rqjD eoe/ eq'VK jh ebze fJZe fSzB
ftZu BN j' iKd/ jB, T[j gqG{-oD fej' i/jh W<
T[ Z so
so-T[j oD jT[Aw? d/ nGkt tkbh nt;Ek W noEks gqG{
jh ;G e[ZM eodk W, w?A e[ZM Gh Bj] eodk :kBh id'A eoskgD/ dk
jzeko fwN ikt/. fi; ekb ftZu fJj nBzs eowK dk eosk, G'rsk
pfDnK ihtgDk fwN iKdk W, T[;h ekb ftZu nBzs gkg-g[zB o{gh
ebze Gh fwN iKd/ jB feT[Afe id e'Jh eosk jh Bj] fojk sK
G'rsk pBDk jh ;zGt Bj].
nkj\ fJj nsh nBzdwJh nt;Ek W, fi; ftZu f;tkJ/ gqG{ s'A
j'o e[ZM W jh Bj]. d{ih e'Jh t;s{ Bk j'D d/ ekoB, fizB/ Gh oho
nkfd nkeko Gk;d/ jB, T[j Gh gqG{ jh jB. T[BPK nkekoK d`kok j'D
tkbh BkBk gqeko dh feqnk Gh gqG{ jh W ns/ feqnk B{z eokT[D
tkbk Gh gqG{ jh W. fB;u/ jh fJ; nt;Ek ftZu oBkoEh Gh r[zw j'
iKdk W, fJZe T[jh pudk W, fi;dh fe oD rqjD ehsh rJh W.
fiT[A ;{oi T[d/ j[zd/ jh oksqh ftZu gqshs j'D tkb/ ;ko/ fteko
BN j' iKd/ jB fsT[A gqG{ doB j[zd/ jh iht ns/ T[; d`kok ehs/
j'J/ ;ko/ eow BN j' iKd/ jB. fJ; s'A fGzB e'Jh j'o oD wzB b?D
Bkb, fJZe fSzB ftZu nBzs ebzeK dk nGkt Bj] j' ;edk. fJ;
bJh r[o{d/t d`kok tofDs gqG{-oD fJj' jh W fi; ftZu gkg-g[zB
nwo t;s{
205
o{gh ebzeK dk nk;ok jT[Aw? w{b s'A jh T[ZyV iKdh W. iVP'A g[ZfNnk
j'fJnk fpqS, kyK ns/ gZfsnK B{z Bkb b? e/ jh fvr iKdk W.
e'N ebze i' fJZe fSzB ftZu fwN iKd/ jB sK fB;u/ jh ebzeK
dk ekoB jT[Aw? fSzB s'A Gh gfjbK fwN iKdh wzB b?Dk g?Adk W
feT[Afe ekoB d/ ofjzd/ ekoi dk gqtkj o[e Bj] ;edk. fJ; bJh fe
fi; fSzB ftZu eq'VK ebze fwN iKd// jB, T[; s'A d{i/ fSzB ftZu j'o
nBzs T[sgzB j' ikDr/. ekoD d/ nGkt j'D go jh ebzeK dk
nszskGkt (;dk bJh fwN ikDk) f;ZX j' ;edk W. fJj T[; gqG{ dh
gqfsZrk W fe i' e'Jh th oD rqjD eodk W, ukj/ T[j fej' fijk
gkgh th feT[A Bk j't/, gqG{ T[; B{z nkgD/ rb Bkb bk b?Adk :kBh
nG/d eo b?Adk W. nfijh nt;Ek ftZu T[; B{z eh G? j' ;edk W<
i' ;ofD nkt? fs;[ ezfm bkt? fJj[ fpod[ ;[nkwh ;zdk..
(nzr 544
544))
T[; dh oD rqjD ehs/ fpBK Gkt/A eq'VK ig, sg, ;ziw nkfd
;kXB eo bJ/ ikD, ;G fBcb jB :kBh d`?s o{gh sgs Bj] p[M
;edh. fJ; sgs d/ pZ[M/ fpBK, Gbk nd`?s o{g gqG{ dk doB
fe; soPK j' ;edk W<
ig sg pos ehB/ g/yB eT[ uoDk okw..
sgfs B esfj p[M? fpB[ ;[nkwh ;oDk okw..
(nzr 545
545))
fgnko/ jfof;woB\ i/ s?B{z ;z;ko ftZu e'Jh nkgDk nk;ok
Bo nkT[Adk W sK T[j s/o/ tKr{z ekm dh g[sbh jh j't/rk, s/ok eh
;tko/rk< fJ; bJh ;G gkf;nK s'A fuZs B{z fyZu e/, fJZe nkgD/
fgnko/ gqG{ dh oD rqjD eo sK fe s{z ;G T[gZdqtK s'A pu e/, ;[Zy
g{ope nkgD/ gqhsw gk; ofj ;e/A. gqhsw dh oD s?B{z fBoG? eo
d/t/rh feT[Afe T[; s'A fGzB sK ;G ekm dhnK g[sbhnK jh jB,
fJj s/ok eh ftrkVBrhnK< fJBPK gk;'A G? sK s?B{z T[; nt;Ek
ftZu jh nkT[Adk W, fi; ftZu fe fJBPK d/ gq/oe nzsoikwh gqG{ dk
206
Grsh gqeoD
tke Bj] WA. fJ; T[Zsw f;XKs B{z rqjD eoB Bkb, s?B{z gsk
bZr ikt/rk fe w?A e[ZM Gh eoB ftZu ;woZE Bj] jK. id s{z e[ZM
eoB ftZu ;woZE Bj] sK pkeh irs Gh s/o/ tork jh W ns/ e'Jh
Gh ;woZE Bj]ej[ wkB[y s/ fenk j'fJ nkt?.. i' fs;[ Gkt? ;'Jh eokt?..
(nzr 277
277))
fJ; f;XKs B{z id'A g[o ;wM b?Adk W sd T[j w?A eodk jK
nfijk ed/ Gh Bj] wzBdkBkBe j[ew? i/ p[M? s jT[w? ej? B e'fJ..
(nz r 1)
T[Zdw ns/ gqG{ oD

z e k -i/ fJj rZb W :kBh wB[Z e[ZM eo jh Bj] ;edk, fisBh
Gh fJ;dh joes W, ;koh nzsoikwh gqG{ jh eokT[Adk W sK T[Zdw
fpbe[Zb fB;cb W. g[okoE (T[Zdw) ;zpzXh fizB/ Gh k;sq d/ ftXhfB/X puB jB, T[j gq:'iBjhB f;ZX j'Dr/. wo:kdk Gzr j'D
Bkb ;[Gkfte jh fij' fijh feqnk j't/rh, j[zdh oj/rh. gkg-g[zB dk
ftuko oj/rk jh Bj]. fco T[j g{ s[Zb ehsh joes, wB[Zy-ihtB
dh T[ZuskJh dk e'Jh ;p{s Bj] d/t/rh< T[gq'es f;XKs pko/ pkDh
nzdo fJZE'A sZe rZb ejh rJh W feBk e' us[o[ Bkjh e' w{Vk.. Bk e' jhD[ Bkjh e' ;{ok..
fis[ e' bkfJnk fss jh bkrk..
(nzr 238-39
238-39))
Bk e' w{oy[ Bk e' f;nkDk.. tos? ;G feS[ s/ok GkDk..
(nzr 98
98))
fJfsnkfde puB g[okoE dk Bkw fBkB Bj] ofjD fdzd/

sEk T[; fBod' Jhò T[s/ fJj Gh d' bkr{ j' ;e/rk fe w{oy,
us[o, nwho, rohp, ;[yh ns/ d[yh nkfd irs dh fpyw ouBk dk
eosk gqw/ò, okr-d`? :[es ;kXkoD iht d/ s[Zb jB. fJ; bJh
nwo t;s{
207
g[o B{z k;sq nB;ko p[o/ eowK s'A fBftos ns/ nZS/ eowK ftZu
gqftos j'Dk ukjhJ/, feT[Afe [ZG-n[ZG dh gqftosh pko/ ftuko
eoB ftZu wB[Z dh p[ZXh ;woZE W. fJ; iht B{z p[ZXhwkB pDe/,
nkgDk ihtB T[Zuk eoBk ukjhJ/ sK fe u[ok;h bZy i{zBK d/ r/V
ftZu'A fBZeb e/ gqG{ Bkb nG/d j' ;e/. fJj ;G e[ZM g[okoE ehs/
fpBK, fe; soQK j' ;e/rk< nkg d/ f;XKs B/ sK T[Zdw B{z ;w[zdo
ftZu jh ;[ZN fdZsk W. tfN ih B/ okw B{z nkfynk fe j/ okw\
w{oyK B/ fJj ebgBk ehsh W fe ;kv/ ;ko/ ezw, gqw/ò nkg jh eo
d/t/rk. i' nkg g[okoE B{z SZv p?m/ jB, nfij/ g[oK dk ftBk j'
u[Zek W gqzs{ i' p[ZXhwkB jB, T[BPK B// g[okoE d`kok gowgd dh
gqkgsh eo bJh W.
g q B -fJ; ftZu ;kB{z ;wM Bj] nkT[Adh fe ;G g[okoEK dk
fsnkr eo e/ gqG{ oD rqjD ehfsnK, T[;dh gqkgsh j[zdh W nEtk
g[okoE d`kok jh gowgd dh gqkgsh j[zdh W<
T[Zso
so-fJj pj[s E'VPk fejk W, s[jkB{z fJj Gh efj d/Dk ukjhJ/
fe wB[Zy B{z o'Nh Gh Bj] gekT[Dh ukjhJ/, ;kwPD/ gJ/ Ekb tZb o'Nh
ykD ykso, jZE Gh nZr/ Bj] tXkT[Dk ns/ o'Nh ykD ykso w{zj Gh
Bj] fjbkT[Dk ukjhJ/, T[j gqwkswk nkg jh o'Nh gek ikt/rk ns/
nke/ nkg jh y[nk d/t/rk feT[Afe fJB;kB sK e[ZM eo jh Bj]
;edk, ed/ ekm dh fBoiht g[sbh Gh nkgD/ nkg fjZfbnk eodh
W<
n;bhns s'A nDikD nfrnkBh b'e fJj' fij/ nfrnkB Go/
fynkb gqrN efonk eod/ jB ns/ fJ; p/;wMh d/ ekoB jh nkgD/nkg B{z e[ZM wzB e/ fe w?A eodk jK fJT[A nfGwkB :[es j' e/ jzeko
d`kok ehsh j'Jh, nZSh-p[oh u/Nk dk cb G'rD kso, ed/ wod/
ns/ ed/ izwd/ jB. jbN (y{j ftZu'A gkDh eZYD dk ;kXB) dhnK
fNzvK (gkDh Go e/ fbnkT[D tkb/ vZp/) tKr{z woB s/ izwD d/ r/V
208
Grsh gqeoD
ftZu'A ed/ fBZeb jh Bj] ;ed/ feT[Afe jzeko :[es ehsk j'fJnk
eow, ed/ Gh cb fdZs/ fpBK nkgDk gqGkt Bj] SZvdk. fi;
nfijh jkbs ftZu iht eow eod/ jB s/ cb gqdksk Jhò, T[BPK
eowK dk cb fdzdk W, fJ; bJhb/y[ B fwNJh j/ ;yh i' fbfynk eoskfo..
(nzr 937
937))
fJ; nNZb j[ew d/ fezi/ Bkb y{p ekp{ eo bJ/ iKd/ jB. Bk
fJBPK ihtK d`kok ehs/ j'J/ gkg s/ g[zB dk nzs j[zdk W s/ Bk jh woBizwD o{gh e?d ftZu'A fBeb ;ed/ jB feT[Afe i' wB[Zy u'ohnK s/
vke/ nkfd pdwkhnK eoB s'A Bj] jNdk, T[; B{z ;k d/D ykso
;oeko ed fgZSk SZvdh W< T[;dh y'i bJh sK oks fdB f;gkjh
fcod/ jB ns/ cV e/ i/bP ftZu d/ fdzd/ jB. ;k G'r e/ i/bP ftZu'A
fBebdk W s/ fco nkgD/ ;[GkT[ w[skfpe bkuko j'fJnk u'ohnK
nkfd eodk W s/ fco cV e/ i/bP ftZu d/ fdZsk iKdk W. fizBk fuo
T[j ;oeko d/ ekB{zB w[skfpe nkgDk ;[GkT[ Bj] pDkT[Adk, T[BPK
fuo ed/ Gh i/bP ftZu nkT[Dk-ikDk pzd Bj] j' ;edk. fJ; ftZu
;oeko dk eh d'< T[; fBod' ;oeko go e"D fJj d' nko'gB
eo ;edk W fe pkeh b'e xoK ftZo p?m/ ;[Zy Bkb n? T[vk oj/ jB
ns/ fJ; ftuko/ B{z i/bP ftZu BkBk gqeko d/ d[Zy fdZs/ ik oj/ jB.
fiT[A fJ; fdqNKs ftZu ;oeko fBod' W, T[j e/tb wB[Zy dh
ehsh rJh p[oh feqnk dk jh cb fdzdh W, fsT[A jh ;G s'A tZvh
;oeko (gqwkswk) Gh fpbe[b fBod' W. nwhoh, rohph, ;[Zy ns/
d[Zy nkfd ihtK dh njzeko g{ope ehsh j'Jh Gbh ns/ p[oh u/Nk
dk jh cb W, gqwkswk sK ;wfdqNh Wi/jk phi? ;' b[D? eowk ;zdVk y/s[..
(nzr 134
134))
dd? d';[ B d/T{ fe;? d';[ eozwk nkgfDnk..
i' w? ehnk ;' w? gkfJnk d';[ B dhi? nto iBk..
(nzr 433
433))
nwo t;s{
209
fJ;/ tk;s/ epho ih efjzd/ jB fe j/ w{oy wB\ n?t/A feT[A

T[ZuhnK BhthnK ftnoE dbhbK fgnk eodk WA ns/ ftnoE
petkd (c{b p'bDk) eo fojk WA< s/o/ g{opb/ ehs/ eowK dk cb,
ed/ th Bj] N ;edk. s/o/ eow ns/ s/o/ eowK w[skfpe cb d/D
tkbk gqwkswk, d'B'A i' e[ZM eo oj/ jB, T[; B{z w/ND ftZu e'Jh Gh
;woZE Bj]epho Mzy[ B Mzyhn? s[wo' efjU B j'fJ..
eow eohw i[ efo oj/ w/fN B ;ke? e'fJ..
(nzr 1366
1366))
fJ; bJh id sZe fJj iht njzeko s'A ofjs Bj] j[zdk sd sZe
fJ; B{z Ksh feZE/< w?A eodk jK fJ;d/ :[es j' e/ eo bt/ fizB/
g[okoE eoB/ jB, e'Jh th g[okoE izwD-woB d/ r/V ftZu'A eZYe/
;[yh Bj] eo ;edk. jT[w?A Bkb rqf;nk j'fJnk Gkt/A e'Jh fezzBk
T[Zuk (uzrk) eow eo/, T[; dk cb G'rD bJh izwD s/ woB dk
o;sk ntZ jh nyfsnko eoBk gt/rk.
;ko/ ehs/ j'J/ eowK d/ cb G'r e/ fJ; dk S[Nekok j' ikt/rk
fJj Gh Bj] j' ;edk feT[Afe BtK eok b? e/ i' fgSbk eok
T[skfonk iKdk W, T[j wB[Zy eo/ EZb/ nkfJnk fe; soPK fBeb
;edk W< noEks fgSb/ eowK dk cb G'rD bJh, fi; Bt] d/j
ftZu nkT[Adk W, T[; ftZu ehs/ eowK dk cb G'rdk j'fJnk, j'o
Bt/A eow fiBPK B{z feqnkwkB efjzd/ jB, jzeko :[es j'fJnk eodk
ofjzdk W. i/ Bfjo j?Zv (w[ZY) s'A jh pzd Bj] ehsh rJh, T[; nk
oj/ gkDh d/ pzd eoB kso Gkt/A eq'VK :sB ehs/ ikD, T[j ed
o[edk W< fiT[A fJj fdqNKs W fsT[A jh id ;Zuw[Zu jh T[Zsw
f;XKs B{z ;wM e/ nzsoikwh Jhò dh oD b? b?Adk W :kBh njzeko
s'A ofjs j' iKdk W ns/ nkgD/ nkg B{z fe;/ Gh feqnk dk eosk Bj]
wzBdk, T[;dh nkfrnk ftZu ekm dh g[sbh tKr{z ofjD bZr iKdk
W, T[; tes izwD-woB o{g dfonk j?Zv T[Zs'A o[e iKdk W. fco
210
Grsh gqeoD
T[; iht o{g Bfjo dk gkDh gqwkswk o{g dfonk j' e/ tfjzdk W
:kBh gqwksw ;ò{g j[zdk j'fJnk jh gqwksw ;ò{g j' iKdk W. fJ;
gqeko ;zfus ns/ feqnkwkB eow, ;ko/ jh G;w j' iKd/ jB. gqkoZpX
eow G'r e/ Bk j' iKd/ jB. eowK d/ Bk ofjD ekoB, iBw dk
e'Jh BfwZs jh Bj] ns/ iBw s'A fpBK d[ZyK dh gqkgsh n;zGt W.
fJ; gqeko gqG{ oD ftZu gj[zfunk j'fJnk g[o, gow Ksh B{z
gqkgs j[zdk W.
;op eshwkB gqG{ dh oD rqjD eo b?D Bkb'A, j'o tZvk e'Jh
Gh g[okoE Bj] W. fJ;d/ nzdo ;ko/ jh g[okoE ;wkgs j' iKd/
jB. fi;B/ nkgDk sB-wB gqG{ d/ jtkb/ eo fdZsk, T[;dk ;G
e[ZM jh gqG{ d/ nogD j' iKdk W feT[Afe fizBK XB-gdkoE, g[ZsofJ;sqh ns/ ;zpzXh nkfd j[zd/ jB, T[j ;G oho dh fJ;fEsh sZe jh
ngD/ j'fJnk eod/ jB. id fJj oho jh nkgDk Bk fojk, gqG{ dk
j' u[Zfenk W, sd ;G t;s{ jh gqG{ dh j' rJh. pZ;\ fJ; s'A nZr/
e'Jh j'o g[okoE Bj], fco sK ;`kwh dh woh W fe B"eo gk;'A i'
ukj/ ;'Jh eokJh ikt/338))
efj epho r[bkw[ xo ek ihnkfJ Gkt? wkfo.. (nzr 338
n;b ftZu rZb fJj' jh W, n?t?A jT[Aw? Bkb roe j'fJnk iht w?A
fJj eo{zrk, fJj Bj] eo{zrk wzBdk W s/ nkgDh ehsh dk cb th
gkT[Adk W. fizBK fuo fJj jT[w?A :[es ofjzdk W, UBK fuo gkg-g[zB
dk fzw/tko Gh fJj nkg jh ofjzdk W. id gqG{ oD rqjD eoe/ jT[w?A
s'A ofjs j[zdk W sd T[;/ fdB fJj gkg-g[zB s'A poh j' iKdk W. fJ;dh
;G fw/Atkoh, gqG{ dh j' iKdh W feT[Afe fJ; nt;Ek ftZu sK fJ;
B/ wkbe d/ j[ew dh skwhb jh eoBh W, nkg e[ZM eoBk jh Bj],
ftrV/ nEtk ;to/ fJ; B{z eh< fJ;B/ sK wkbe dh gq;zBsk b?Dh W.
i/ B"eo wkbe dh B"eoh eodk W fco wkbe nZr/ jzeko eh< B"eoh
eo/ ns/ Bkb/ wkbe Bkb MrVk Gh eo/-wkbe e[ZM ej/ s/ B"eo nZr'A
nwo t;s{
211
w?A fJT[A eoBk W s/ fJT[A Bj] nkfd ;" ;" soPK dhnK j[ZisK eo/. Gbk
fJj' fij/ B"eo T[Zs/ ed/ wkbe dh gq;zBsk j' ;edh W<
ukeo[ br? ukeoh Bkb/ rkop[ tkd[..
(nzr 474
474))
rbk eo/ xD/ohnk y;w B gkJ/ ;kd[..
fgZS/ i' fejk fe k ;sq d/ ftXh-fB/X puB fBcb j' ikDr/ ,
puBK dh fBcbsk fe; soPK j' ;edh W< k;sq ns/ r[o{-T[gd/
Bkb jh sK fJ; jT[w?A ftZu nzX/ j'J/ wB[Zy dhnK nZyhnK ftZu
ukBDk j'Dk W, sK jh fJ;B/ jT[w?A B{z SZve/, g{oB o{g ftZu gqG{ dh
oD rqjD eoBh W. fco T[; oD ftZu nkJ/ j'J/ g[o bJh,
g[okoE dh fBcbsk i/ j[zdh W sK eq'VK pko j't/, e[ZM gqtkj Bj].
nBzd Bkb Gog{o, fgnko/ dh r'd ftZu p?m/ j'J/ gq/wh dh i/ ;zpzX
eokT[D tkb/ d{s nkfd ohJ/ (t;hb/) dh bkgotkjh j[zdh W sK
;?AeV/ pko j't/.
g q B -fJj sK pVh feqsxDsk W, fiBPK d`kok pkdkj d/ d`ko jo
tes ofjD tkbh gZeh B"eoh fwbh W, T[BKP dk fynkb jh G[bk d/Dk\
so-fJj feqsxDsk Bj] W. jo ;w/A nodb (jkoh) ftZu
T[ Z so
yVP/ ofjD tkb/ B"eo dk fXnkB jh nkgD/ wkbe d/ w[Zy tZb W.
w{zj ftZu'A e'Jh puB fBefbnk Bj] s/ joes ftZu nkfJnk Bj].
uzdqwk ftZu bZrhnK j'JhnK ue'o dhnK nZyK, j'o e[ZM sZedhnK
jh Bj]. uzdqwk d/ uVQB s'A gfjbK gfjbK jh, ue'o dk d"VBk
GZiDk j[zdk W. T[j nfijh nt;Ek ftZu gj[zfunk j'fJnk ;/te,
Bk w{oy j? s/ Bk jh f;nkDk. nkgD/ ;`kwh d/ j[ew w[skfpe ;G e[ZM
eoh iKdk W, gsk Bj] ;`kwh mhe eotk fojk W nEtk bs.
wkbe d/ j[ew s'A fpBK nkgDh woh sK T[;B/ tosDh jh Bj]
feT[Afe wB ns/ oho T[;d/ Bj], fi; wkbe d/ jB, T[jh ikD/ekm eh g[soh ejk eo? pg[oh fybktBjko' ikB?..
(nzr 206
206))
212
Grsh gqeoD
fenk feS[ eo? fe eoD?jkok fenk fJ;[ jkfE fpuko/..

fis[ s[w bktj[ fss jh bkrk g{oB y;w jwko/..
(nz r 216
216))
z e k -gqzs{ fJj nt;Ek oD ftZu gj[zu/ j'J/ ;/te dh W, fJ; s'A

gfjbK ;z;koh wB[Zy dh sK Bj] W Bk< fJ; bJh T[BPK ;z;koh wB[ZyK
bJh fJj ekm eh g[soh nkfd puB Bj] jB. T[j b'e sK nkgDh
p[ZXh d`kok jh ;G e[ZM eod/ jB.
T[ Z so
so-fJj rZb Bj] W fe gqG{ dk Grs ns/ wBw[Zy ;z;koh
;ko/ jh Jhò d/ j[ew Bkb joes eo oj/ jB. oD rqjD eo u[Ze/
Grs b'e, fJ; n;bhns B{z ;wM e/ fB;fuzs ns/ ;[yh j' iKd/
jB. gqG{ s'A p/w[Zy wB[Zy, gqG{ nkfrnk Bkb eow eod/ j'J/ Gh
nfrnkB d/ ekoB w?A eodk jK fJT[A ;wM e/ d[yh j[zd/ ofjzd/ jB
ns/ fJ; jzeko d/ ekoB jh d[Zy dk nzs Bj] gkT[Ad/.
jfof;woB
jfof;woB-wjkoki\ i/ fJj rZb W sK ;z;koh wB[Zy i' njzeko
:[es j'fJnk w?A eodk jK fJT[A wzB e/ d[yh j[zdk W s/ d[Zy dk nzs
Bj] gk ;edk, fJ; ftZu T[;d/ eh nyfsnko W feT[Afe T[j sK
e[ZM eo jh Bj] ;edk, j[ew sK gqG{ dk jh tosdk W, fJ; bJh T[j
fBod' W. nkgDh oD ftZu b?e/ ;[yh eoB tkbk Gh gqG{ nkg W
ns/ jzeko :[es iht B{z d[yh eoB tkbk Gh, T[j nkg jh W.
;z s-fgnko/ jfof;woB fJj mhe W, fJjh g{oB f;ZXKs W. T[j
iht fBod' sK W i/ j[ew B{z ;wMe/ eosk p[ZXh SZv d/t/. p/Ze
d[Zy-;[Zy j[ew d/ nzdo W gqzs{ j[ew eowK nB[;ko tosdk W!
jfof;woB
jfof;woB-gow feqgkb{ wjkoki\ iht dk eowK s'A S[Nekok
fe; soPK j't/< feT[Afe eowK s'A ofjs eoB tkbk Gh sK T[j nkg
jh W!
;z s-fJj mhe W fe T[j gqG{, r[o{ o{g Xko e/ k;sqK B{z oudk W
ns/ nkg, nkgDk ;kok G/d irk;{ B{z ;wMke/, nkgDh oD
nwo t;s{
213
ftZu b? b?Adk W. id nkgD/ ;/te B{z jo gqeko Bkb, nkgD/ gq/w

ftZu bhB ns/ nkgD/ j[ew ftZu okh ofjzdk d/ydk W sd T[j
gqG{ o{g r[o{, nkgD/ Bkb fpbe[b nG/d eoB ykso, wjKtkeK
dk T[gd/ eo fdzdk W. r[o{ sEk k;sq d/ i' puB jB, T[j gqG{ dh
nkfrnk jh W. T[;d/ w[skfpe ;kok G[b/yk d{o j' e/, fJj w[es j'
iKdk W. ;z;ko ftZu e'Jh Gh nfijk iht Bj] i' T[;d/ fjod/ ftZu
fJ;fEs gqG{ dh nkfrnk fpBK, e[ZM eo ;e/. ihtK dh tZy' tZyoh
feqnk s'A i' fJZe d{i/ B{z ;[Zy nEtk d[Zy g[Zidk W, T[j eowK
nB[;ko gqG{ dh jh nkfrnk W feT[Afe gq/oe fJZe jh W. fJ; rZb
B{z ;wM e/ gqG{ gq/wh gq;zB-fuZs ofjzdk W feT[Afe r[o{ ns/ k;sq B/
fJj rZb ;wMk fdZsh Wnkfg eokJ/ eosk ;'Jh.. j'o[ fe eo? ehs? fenk j'Jh..
(nzr 124
124))
;G[ ehsk s/ok tosdk s{z nzsoikwh..

jw izs ftuko/ fenk eoj ;G[ y/b[ s[w ;[nkwh..
(nzr 167
167))
GkJh ws e'Jh ikDj[ fe;h e? feS[ jkfE W ;G eo/ eokfJnk..

iok wok skg[ f;ofs ;kg[ ;G[ jfo e? tf; W
e'Jh bkfr B ;e? fpB[ jfo ek bkfJnk..
(nz r 168
168))
fJ; gqeko Bkb r[o{ d`kok ;wMkJ/ j'J/ puB, gq/wh Grs B{z fBo;z/
eo fdzd/ jB fco T[j ekoB eh j't/rk fi; Bkb Grs dk fjodk
;zsgs (d[yh) j' ;e/rk< T[j, gqG{ dh nkfrnk ftZu ofjzdk j'fJnk,
jo gqeko Bkb nBzd G'rdk W;op ;{y nkBzd wzrb o; wkfB r'fpzd? nkfrU..
(nzr 214
214))
fJj pks fJ;h soPK jh W noEks T[; gqG{ d/ j[ew nzdo jh ;G

ihtK dh joes j[zdh W sK Gh iht nfrnkB tZ w?A eodk jK fJ;
214
Grsh gqeoD
fdqV fB;u/ tkbk j' iKdk W. fJ; bJh nkgD/ wB, fJzdqhnK ns/
oho dh feqnk ftZu njzeko j'D d/ ekoB pkeh ;ko/ iht Gh i' gqG{
dh nkfrnk ftZu joes eo oj/ jB T[j fJT[A eodk W s/ fJT[A Bj]
eodk fJ; fBu/ tkb/ j' iKd/ jB. i/ fJ;dk nkgDk G[b/yk d{o j'
ikt/ :kBh w?A e[ZM Gh Bj] eodk sK ;kfonK jh ihtK dh joes
ftZu Gh fJj p[ZXh nuZb j' ikt/rh fe e'Jh Gh e[ZM Bj] eodk
e/tb gqG{ dh nkfrnk jh tos ojh W feT[Afe i/ fJZe xV/ d/ pBD
dk frnkB j' ikt/ sK d[BhnK Go d/ xfVnK d/ pBD pko/ ftZu
;z: Bj] ofjzdk. fi;dk wB ftt/e d`kok ;hsb j' u[Zek W, T[; B{z
;kok jh ;z;ko ;hsb Bo nkT[Adk W ns/ fi;dk nkgDk wB d`?s
d/ ekoB i (;V) fojk W, T[; B{z ;kok jh irs idk (;Vdk)
Gk;dk W. nkgDk oho Gk;dk W sK ;kok ;z;ko Gk;dk W ns/ i/
nkgDk oho Bj] Gk;dk sK ;z;ko Gh BjhA Gk;dk. ikfrqs ftZu
nkgDk ;[gB oho BjhA gqshs j[zdk sK ;[gB irs Gh, fes/ fdykJh
BjhA fdzdk. fJ; bJh nkgDk j'Dk jh nBoE dk w{b j?. fi; irQk
w?A BjhA j?, T[; irQk s{z Gh BjhA :kBh gqG{ s'A fGzB d{ik BjhA j?.
nkgDk j'Dk jh d{i/ dh ebgBk dk ekoB j? ns/ nkgDk j'Dk jh
eoskgD d/ ;zpzX B{z i'V e/ izwD-woB dk ekoB pDdk j?. fJ; s'A
ftgohs :kBh jT[Aw? s'A ofjs g[o w[es jh j?fifj gqkBh jT[w? sih eosk okw[ gSkfB..
ej[ BkBe tj[ w[efs Bo[ fJj wB ;kuh wkB[..
(nzr 1427
1427))
wsbp fe fi;B/ Gh jT[Aw? fsnkrh j? :kBh nkgDk j'DkgBk

fwNk e/ fJZe gqG{ jh j? fJ; frnkB d/ :[es j' frnk j?, T[;dh
fdqNh ftZu i' Gh feqnk, ekoB ns/ cb o{g ftZu gqshsh jz[dh j?
;G gqG{ jh j? n?;k fB;u/ j[zdk j?. i' g[o gqG{ s'A fGzB e'Jh d{ih
t;s{ j? jh BjhA fJ; nB[Gt d/ ;fjs j' u[Zek j?, T[j g[o fB;u/
nwo t;s{
215
jh w[es j?, fJ; ftZu fezus-wksq th ;zd/j BjhA.

jT[Aw? dk j'Dk jh ihtgDk j? ns/ jT[Aw? dk nGkt
gow/òh nt;Ek j?. id Gh r[o{-k;sq d`kok eotkJ/ rJ/ fJ;
fB;u/ :[es, fJj p[ZXh nuZb j' iKdh j? fe Bk w?A jK ns/ Bk jh
fJj irs j? T[; s'A T[gqzs fJZe gqG{ jh ofjzdk j? i' jT[Aw? d/ :[es
;w/A Gh w"i{d ;h gzqs{ jT[Aw? dk godk nkT[D d/ ekoB, oho ftZu jh
njz Gkt ofjzdk fojk. r[o{ feqgk Bkb id T[; nDj'J/ oho ftZu
njz Gkt dh gqshsh dk nGkt j'fJnk sK ;dk nuZb ofjD tkbh
nt;Ek jh pkeh pudh j?. T[jh gqG{ j? feT[Afe id w?A gDk
(jT[Aw?) o{g c[oBk fwNdk j?, T[; nt;Ek ftZu ;z;ko d/ ekfJw
ofjD dk ekoB BjhA ofjzdk ns/ ekoB s'A fpBK ekoi dh fJ;fEsh
;zGt BjhA. fJj gqshs d/D tkb/ oho, iVQ g[sbhnK tKr{z j' iKd/
jB ns/ joes eod/ th fdykJh fij/ fdzd/ jB, fi; soQK fe ;[gB/
d/ oho. fJ; jkbs ftZu i/ zek T[Zm/ fe nDj'J/ gqshs d/D tkb/
iVQ oho, fe; skes d`kok joes eod/ fij/ Gk;d/ jB< sK fJj
fBze j' e/ efj fdZsk iKdk j?nkfg eokJ/ eosk ;'Jh.. j'o[ fe eo/ ehs? fenk j'Jh..
(nzr 124
124))
g q B -fJj i' fgZS/ zek ehsh rJh W fe tfN ih B/ okw ih

B{z g[okoE eoBk fejk W, fJj mhe W< iK oho, wB, p[ZXh nkfd
d/ ;G XowK B{z SZve/, gqG{-oD rqjD eoe/, jo jkbs ftZu T[;d/
GkD/ ftZu okh ofjDk mhe W<
T[ Z so
so-fJBPK d'jK puBK dk wsbp fJZe' jh W feT[Afe gqG{ o{g
r[o{ d`kok irk;{ dh i' joes W, T[j g[okoE W. T[j g[okoE
j[ew dh skwhb o{g j'D d/ ekoB, ;[szsq fe; soPK j'fJnk :kBh
g[o dh fJ; ftZu ;[szsqk fe; soPK wzBh rJh< gqw/ò jh nkgD/
Bkb nG/d eoB kso T[; gk;'A ;G T[Zdw eotk fojk W, fJ; bJh
216
Grsh gqeoD
T[j g[okoE gqG{ dh nkfrnk jh W. i' r[o{ ns/ k;sq dh nkfrnk

sK wzBd/ Bj] ns/ T[AM jh efjD wksq gqwkswk ;kvk fJj ezw g{ok
eo/rk fJj nk; eoe/ feqnk-{B j'J/ p?m/ ofjzd/ jB, T[BPK dk nw'be
ihtB spkj j'D ftZu, ;z/ Gh eh W< fJ; bJh tfN ih g[okoE
bJh 'o fdzd/ jB :kBh gqG{ dh nkfrnk ftZu uZbD dk T[gd/
eod/ jB. ;op-eshwkB, ftnkge gqG{ dh nkfrnk ftZu jh ;G
e[ZM j[zdk W, w?A e[ZM Gh Bj] eodk fJ; fB;u/ :[es fpqsh d/ fBozso
ofjD Bkb, T[j fpqsh fJZe gqw/òkeko jh j' iKdh W. fJ; s'A
gfjbK oho, fJzdqhnK s/ wB B{z jh nkgDk ;wM e/ w?A fJj eo{zrk,
fJj Bj] eo{zrk fJj iht i' nfGwkB tkbk j[zdk W, T[j r[zw j'
iKdk W noEks eosk, G'rsk, nsh dhB iht, gqw/ò ftZu jh
bhB j' iKdk W. ;{oi d/ uVPd/ jh fiT[A oksqh dk nGkt j' iKdk W,
fsT[A jh gqwkswkeko fpqsh j' ikD Bkb, fJZe gqwkswk jh ofj
iKdk W, iht tZyok fes/ Bo Bj] nkT[Adk. gko; d/ ;go Bkb
sKpk T[Zvdk fes/ fdykJh Bj] fdzdk, fJZe ;'Bk jh ofj iKdk Woft gqrk; oiBh iEk rfs ikBs ;G ;z;ko..
gko; wkB' skp' S[J/ eBe j's Bjh pko..
(nzr 346
346))
nfrnkB d`kok ebfgnk j'fJnk jzeko fwN ikD s'A pknd
nDj'J/ jh izwD-woB nkfd fizB/ d[Zy jB, T[;h fSzB ftZu d{o j'
iKd/ jB. fgnko/ jfof;woB\ T[; d[Zy s'A puD kso, ed/ G[Zb e/
Gh d[Zy ;w/A tkfjr[o{ nZr/ nodk; Bj] eoBh ns/ Bk jh fe;/
ekwBk d/ g{ok eoB bJh jh. ekoD fJj W fe nfijk eoB Bkb
Grs d/ fdqV fB;u/ dh ew'oh ftZu d' ;p{s fwbd/ jB1H tkfjr[o{ B{z nzsoikwh Bj] wzfBnk frnk. feT[A< fJ; bJh
fe i/ fJj fttk; WxN xN e/ nzso eh ikBs.. Gb/ p[o/ eh gho gSkBs..
(dL rqzL)
nwo t;s{
217
fco gqkoEBk feT[A ehsh iKdh W< eh T[j ngD/ gq/wh go nkJ/
d[Zy ns/ wB dhnK ekwBktK B{z ikDdk Bj]< i/ T[j ikDdk j'fJnk
Gh ;kv/ eowK w[skfpe d:k Bj] eodk sK eh ;kv/ efjD Bkb eo
d/t/rk< fJj w{oy wB dh ftnoE GNeDk W.
;op ebk Gog{o gqG fpoEk ikBBjko..
(nz r 282
282))
2H g{oh oD Bj] wzBh rJh. i/ sB-wB gqG{ nogD j' u[Zek W
fco T[; (sB-wB) Bkb nkgDk ;zpzX eh< id uoBK ftZu jh fvZr
gJ/ fco ukj/ d[yh oZy/ s/ ukj/ ;[yh. d[Zy s'A puD bJh nodk;
eoBh fJj oho B{z nkgDk ;wM/ j'J/ dk ;p{s j?. fco sK sB-wB
gqG{ dk j? fJj n?t/A efjD-wksq jh pd j'J/. ok e[ ;zeN nkfJnk
:k fe;/ t;s{ dh b'V gJh sK MZN e'Jh ;[ZyDk ;[Zy bJh :k e'Jh j'o
eow mfjok fbnk, fiT[A fe;/ Bkb tNKdok eohdk j? fe s{z w/ok
fJj ezw eo d/j sK w?A s?B{z fJj e[ZM d/ d/tKrk. fJj e'Jh Grsh BjhA
fJj sK ;"dkpkh j?. gqG{-oD rqjD eo u[Zfenk Grs, x'o ;zeN
nk ikD s/ Gh pukT[ kso nodk; BjhA eodk pbfe tkfjr[o{ dk
j[ew ;wMe/, nv'b fuZs ofjzdk j?. eh r[o{ noiB d/t ih ns/ r[o{
s/r pjkdo ih ngD/ ohoK go nkJ/ d[ZyK s'A pu BjhA ;B ;ed/<
r[o{ iBK B{z sK ;zebg T[sgzB j'D dh jh d/oh j[zdh, d[Zy T[; s'A
gfjbK fwN iKd/. gqzs{ BjhA! GkD/ B{z fwZmk eoe/ wzfBnk. tk;st
ftZu T[BQK r[o{-iBK B{z d[Zy ;go jh BjhA ehs/ feT[Afe nkswk
dh n;zrsk d/ p'X tkfbnK B{z, oho dh d[Zy-;[Zy nkfd e'Jh Gh
joes ;go BjhA eodh j[zdh. gqzs{ nfrnkBhnK dh fdqNh ohowJh
j[zdh j?. fJ; bJh frnkBtkBK d/ oho B{z e'Jh eN BjhA j[zdk i/
pukT[ bJh ok e[ ;zebg jh T[mkT[Ad/ sK d[Zy d{o j' iKd/ feT[Afe
frnkBtkB ;Zs ;zebgh j[zdk j?. g{oB oD rqjD eo u[Ze/
Grs, gqG{ j[ew nzdo okh ofjzd/ j'J/, nkgD/ nkg B{z jh G[Zb iKd/
jB :kBh eoskgBk tkbh p[ZXh d/ fwN ikD s/ gsk jh BjhA ofjzdk
218
Grsh gqeoD
fe n;hA eh eo oj/ jK sK d[ZyK-;[ZyK dh gqshsh feZE/< fJ; s'A xZN

fJ;fEsh tkb/ Grs i/ nodk; eo ;ed/ jB sK e/tb fJjhj/ gqG{! fJj sB-wB s/ok j?, fJ; ftZu ed/ ;[gB/ nzdo Gh
wwsk Bk ikr/. ukj/ fJ; B{z wko s/ ukj/ oZy, fJ; B{z nkgD/ GkD/
ftZu okh ofjD dk pb py. T[AM Gkt/A e'Jh fezB/ th Xow eow
eo/, uzr/ jh jB feT[Afe fBekw [ZG eow nzsjeoD dh [ZXh dk
j/s{ j[zdk j?, jo fJZe fJB;kB B{z eoBk ukjhJ/ fezs{ ;[ZyDk ;[Zy e/
[ZG eow, g{ik-gkm, shoE-pqs nkfd ;ekw eow eoB/ nzsjeoD
dh [ZXh d/ j/s{ BjhA ns/ Bk jh tkfjr[o{ dh gq;zBsk d/. wB B{z
fBekw pDkT[D dh f;os'V e'f eoBh ukjhJ/, ekwBk tkbk
ed/ Gh gqG{ gq;zBsk BjhA b? ;edk. T[Zuh fBekw Grsh d`kok, gqG{
B{z gq;zB eo' s/ ekwBk tkbh Bht/A sb dh Grsh B{z SZv', feT[Afe
fJj d[Zy dk j/s{ j?ftD[ s[X[ j'o[ fi wzrDk f;fo d[yk e? d[y..
d/fj Bkw[ ;zs'yhnk T[so? wB eh G[y..
(nzr 958
958))
;z;koh ekwBktK dh dhBsk s'A wB B{z S[vk e/, g{oB nkkdh
bJh gqG{ oD rqjD eo'. gqG{ w/o/ s/ gq;zB j't/ fJ; ekwBk s'A Gh
T[Zgo T[Zm', e/tb T[;d/ j[ew nzdo okh ofj e/ ;G u/Nk eo', gqG{
gq;zBsk ntZ jh j[zdh j?. T[; s'A fGzB e'Jh Gh d{ih t;s{, gq/wh dh
fdqNh ftZu BjhA ofjzdh feT[Afe fJZe ftnkge t;s{ ftZu d{ih
gqfSzB t;s{ B{z irQk BjhA fwbdh j[zdh. fJ; bJh T[j fJZe jh
t;s{, fi; eb ftZu Gh ukj/, nkgDh esh d`kok gqshs j[zdh oj/BkBe J/eh pkjoh j'o d{ih Bkjh ikfJ..
;' eo/ fi fs;? oikfJ..
(nzr 475
475))
fi; gq/wh dh fJ; gqeko dh fJZe nd`?s wJh fdqNh j' iKdh W,
T[j nkgD/ gqhsw s'A tZyoh, fe; uh B{z d/y ;edk W< i/ T[; B{z
nkgD/ gqhsw d/ g{oB ofjzd/ Gh, e'Jh j'o t;s{ fdykJh fdzdh W sK
nwo t;s{
219
T[j gq/w jh eh j'fJnk< feT[Afe fizBk fuo gq/wh ns/ gq/fwek dk o{g
fJZe Bj] pD iKdk :kBh nkgD/ fJZe gqhsw B{z jh d/ydk j'fJnk,
T[; ftZu bhB Bj] j' iKdk, UBk fuo T[j gq/wh jh ekjd/<
J/j feB/jh nk;eh d{i? br? ikfJ..
BkBe nk;e[ eKYhn? ;d jh oj? ;wkfJ..
(nzr 474
474))
gq/wh nkgD/ gqhsw Bkb sd jh fwbdk W i/ T[; s'A fGzB ;G
t;s{nK B{z fuZs ftZu'A d{o eodk W-gqhsw dh nszs brB d/
ekoB fuZs d{ih t;s{ B{z rqjD jh Bj] eodkt;s{ nzdo t;s[ ;wkt? d{ih j't? gkf;..
(nzr 474
474))
nfijh nt;Ek ftZu gq/wh fe; t;s{ d/ ;zi'r-fti'r Bkb
y[h-rwh ns/ nB[e{bsk-gqshe{bsk Bkb ;[yh-d[yh j't/rk<
gdkoEK dh gqhsh tkb/ ;z;koh b'e, nkgD/ nB[e{b t;s{ d/ ;z:'r
Bkb gq;zB ns/ fti'r i' nkgD/ gqfse{b j[zdk W, T[; Bkb d[yh j'
iKd/ jB, gqzs{ T[j nke jh ekjdk fijVk nkgD/ gqhsw dh ok
ftZu okh ofjD dh pikJ/, T[;d/ j[ew B{z nZSk s/ p[ok ;wMdk j't/.
fJ; gqeko dk fj;kp feskp, gq/wh b'eK ftZu Bj] j'fJnk eodk.
nfijk ;/te, bkG gqkgs eoB dh irPk, w{b oew B{z Gh r[nk
pfjzdk W. wsbp fJj fe T[j gq/w-wkor ftZu gqftos j'fJnkgqhsw gqkgsh bJh ;z;ko B{z fuZs ftZu'A T[mkT[Adk Gh W ns/ T[;
gqhsw dh gq;zBsk tk;s/, T[; dh ok ftZu okh Gh Bj] ofjzdk.
fJ; bJh Bk sK T[; B{z nkgD/ gqhsw dk fwbkg j'fJnk ns/ Bk jh
T[j ;z;ko d/ ezw dk fojk feT[Afe T[j sK w[ZY- w{b s'A jh :kBh
gfjb/ edw s'A jh G[Zb frnk Wuzr? uzrk efo wzB/ wzd? wzdk j'fJ..
nk;e[ J/j[ B nkyhn? fi b/y? tos? ;'fJ..
(nzr 474
474))
;bkw[ ipkp[ d't? eo/ w[zYj[ x[Ek ikfJ..
(nzr 474
474))
i' nkgD/ gqhsw (gqG{) dh brB ftZu wrB j' u[Ze/ jB, T[j
220
Grsh gqeoD
gq/wh, b'e-bki B{z y{j ftZu ;[ZN, fBXVe j' e/ gqhsw tZb iKd/ j'J/,
ed'A fe;/ dh gqtkj eod/ jB< T[j sK gqhsw dh fJZe o; :kd ftZu
w;skB/ j'J/, fe;/ d{ih t;s{ dh ;'Mh jh Bj] oZyd/. fiBPK B{z d{ik Gh
;[ZMdk j't/, T[j nkgD/ fgnko/ d/ rb Bj] bZr ;ed/i/ i/ ozr J/e e/ oku/.. s/ s/ b'e bki si Bku/..
nkfd g[oy fiB J/e gSkBk.. d[shnk Gkt B wB wfj nkBk..
i/ i/ Gkt d[shnk wfj oku/.. s/ s/ whs fwbB s/ pku/..
J/e g[oy fiB B?e gSkBk.. fsB jh gow ss efj ikBk..
(dL rqL)
ip Bkuh sp x{xN[ e?;k wN[eh c'fV fBokoh..

(nzr 1112
1112))
fi; B/ fJ; irs B{z swkk o{g ;wfMnk W-ikd{ro dh j?okBh

ftZu v[p'n d/D tkbh ouBk B{z, M{mk ikfDnk W, T[j g[o nfijh
y/v ftZu fuZs Bj] T[bMkT[Adk. skoh eodk W sK T[; ikd{ro
dh, fi; ftZu fJj esh W fe W e[ZM Gh Bj] gqzs{ jZE dh ;ckJh
Bkb ;Zuw[Zu nfijk eo fdykT[Adk W i' ;wMdkoK dh ;wM Gh ezw
Bj] eodh. Grs oftdk; ih efjzd/ jB fe w?A T[; nb"fee esh
tkb/ pkhro (gqG{) Bkb gqhsh bkJh W, y/v Bkb Bj] bkJh :kBh
irs i' T[;dh y/v wksq jh W, T[; Bkb Bj]efj oftdk; pkih ir[ GkJh..
pkihro ;T[ w['fj gqhfs pfB nkJh..
(nzr 487
487))
jfof;woB
jfof;woB-fJj rZb mhe W, irs sK fJ;/ soPK dk jh W gqzs{
fJj swkk fe; i[rsh d`kok d/fynk ikt/, fi; Bkb irs dh e'Jh
Gh ouBk, w?B{z ;go Bk eo/< w?A ib ftZu ofjzd/ j'J/ ewb dh soPK
fBob/g jh ojK<
;z s-pkhro (gqG{) d/ Bkb nsh gq/w tXk e/ ns/ fBZs T[;h
e'b :kBh oD ftZu ofjD Bkb ;kok G/d y[bP iKdk W fco T[j
nwo t;s{
221
pkh, w'j T[sgzB Bj] eo ;edh pbfe pkhro dk gq/wh, [d

pkh gkT[D tkbk (pkhro) pD iKdk W. fco fJ; jkbs ftZu
T[; B/, nkgDh ouBk ftZu fbgs eh j'Dk W<
jfof;woB
jfof;woB-r[o{d/t\ irs-o{g y/v eoB tkbk gqwkswk
(pkhro) fe; ;[GkT[ tkbk W fi;B{z ikD e/ w?A e'Jh T[j' fijk
T[gkfJ jh eoK sKfe T[; Bkb w/ok r{VPk gq/w j' ikt/ ns/ w?A T[; e'b
jh ofjD bZr iktK<
;z s-jfof;woB\ T[j sK f;tkJ/ gq/w s'A j'o fe;/ th :sB Bkb
ohMdk Bj]. i' ;koh f;qNh B{z nkgD/ ekp{ eoe/ p?mk W, T[; B{z tZ;
eoB tkb/ T[;d/ Grs iB jh jB. fJZe gq/w s'A fpBK, T[; B{z tZ;
eoB d/ ;G T[gkfJnK dh fBcbsk ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih fJT[A
eEB eod/ jBBk s{z nktfj tf; pj[s[ fxDktD/..
Bk s{ nktfj tf; p/d gVktD/..
Bk s{ nktfj tf; shofE BkJhn?..
Bk s{ nktfj tf; Xosh XkJhn?..
Bk s{ nktfj tf; fes?? f;nkDg?..
Bk s{ nktfj tf; pj[sk dkB[ d/..
;G[ e' s/o? tf; nrw nr'uok..
s{ Grsk e? tf; Grsk skD[ s/ok..
(nzr 962
962))
Bkwk ej? Grfs pf; e/;t nij{z pfb e/ d[nko yo'..
(nzr 1105
1105))
r'ftzd GkU Grfs dk G[yk..

(GkL r[L)
jfof;woB- r[o{d/t\ w/oh ;wM ftZu Bj] nkT[Adk fe i/ T[; B{z
jfof;woB
nkgD/ T[Zs/ gq;zB eoB dk sohek fJZe gq/w jh W, pkeh ;G T[gkfJ
ftnoE jB sK T[j gq/w fej' fijk W ns/ fe; soPK eohdk W< w?A i'
gq/w oZydk jK, T[; d`kok sK T[j w/o/ go ohMdk fdykJh Bj] fdzdk.
222
Grsh gqeoD
;z s-jfof;woB\ T[; bk-ro gqG{ Bkb r{VPh gqhsh pDkJh

oZyD bJh, T[;d/ uoBK ftZu fJZe ;[zdo G/N uVPk d/ sd s{z T[;dk
jh j' ikt/Ark s/ T[j s/ok pD ikt/rk, fJj rZb fBo;z: W.
jfof;woB
jfof;woB-r[o{d/t\ T[j nfijh ;[zdo G/Nk fejVh W<
;zssB[ wB[ d/fJ B nzso[ oky?.. ntok d/fy B ;[B? nGky?..
(nzr 793
793))
wsbp fJj W fe sB ns/ wB T[;d/ nogD eoe/ nkgD/ gk;

e[ZM Gh Bj] oZyDk.
jfof;woB
jfof;woB-;fsr[o{ d/t\ id sB ns/ wB T[;dh G/Nk jh eo
fdZs/ rJ/ fco pkeh eh ofj iKdk W< feT[Afe nkg B/ fejk W fe
fJj d'B'A nogD eoe/ gk; e[ZM Gh Bj] oZyDk. eh sB ns/ wB d/
e/ Gh e'Jh t;s{ e'b ofj iKdh W<
;zs-jfof;woB\ jK, fJj d'B'A uoBK go uVPk d/D go Gh, fJZe
t;s{ pd'pdh gk; ofjzdh d/yh rJh W. T[j j? fJj njz fpqsh fe w?A
;G e[ZM nogD eo fdZsk W . T[BPK d'jK dh G/Nk uVPkT[D t/b/ fJj
jzeko Gh Bkb jh nogD eo d/t/ sK gk; e[ZM Gh Bj] ofjzdk. n?;h
oD rqjD ehsh nt;Ek ftZu id fe fBozso T[;d/ e'b jh ofjzdk
W, fco fpBK T[; s'A fe; B{z d/yDk, fe; dk puB ;[BDk ns/ fe; j'o
Bkb rZbK eoBhnK jB< fJ; gqeko fgnko/ jfof;woB id s{z T[;h
dk j' ikt/Ark sK T[; s'A fpBK s/o/ go j'o fe; dk ezNo'b j' ;e/rk<
:kBh T[;h d/ j[ew ftZu, s{z jo soPK okh ofj e/ joes eo/Ark. id
fe T[; s'A fpBK Bk e[ZM fdydk W, Bk ;[Ddk W ns/ Bk jh e'Jh rZbK
eoB B{z gk; W, fco T[; fgnko/ s'A fpBK j'o fe; Bkb w/b j't/rk< i'
e[ZM Gh fi; ;zpzX tkbk W, fJZe T[jh W Gkt/A fgnko/ jfof;woB! T[;
B{z s{z fe;/ eb ftZu d/yh ik. jo fJZe o{g ftZu fdy/rk sK fJZe
T[jh gqhsw . jfof;woB\ T[; ikd{ro dh s{z j'o n;uoi ouBk B{z
nwo t;s{
223
d/y. fi; gq/wh go T[;dh gq;zBsk j[zdh W, T[;d/ B/sqK dk nfrnkB

o{g godk jNk e/, fdydk Gh ;G gk;/ T[j nkg jh W ns/ gq/wh d/ fjod/
ftZu p?m e/ d/yD tkbk Gh T[j nkg jh j' iKdk W. Gkt/A fJ; soPK gqG{
dk fBtk; GrsK s'A S[ZN ;z;koh ihtK ftZu Gh W sK Gh ;z;koe
ftfnK ftZu gqhsh tkb/ wBw[Zyh ihtK d/ nzsjeo D ftZu nkgDh
wkfJnk dk godk gk fdzdk W. fJ; eoe/ nB[e{bsk ns/ gqshe{bsk
d/ ekp{ nkJ/ j'J/ iht, ;[Zy-d[Zy ftZu roe j' iKd/ jB.
fgnko/ jfof;woB\ T[gq'es G/Nk s{z jkbK Bj] ehsh, fJ; tk;s/
jh s/ok gq/w T[; bk-ro gqG{ B{z gq;zB Bj] eo ;edk Gkt/A T[; bJh
fdB oks ftnke[b ofj. jfof;woB, i' fJ; gq/w dh wo Bkb fBZs
o'rh ofjzdk W, T[j r[o{ d/ fJ; gqeko puB ;[De/ fpbe[b ykw' j'
frnk. fe;/ nzdo'A nzdoh c?;bk eoB s'A d' e[ xzN/ pknd gq;zB fuZs
j'fJnk fJT[A p'fbnkpkM[ r[o{ W nzX r[pkok..
(nzr 116
116))
GkJh o/ r[o fpB[ Grfs B j'fJ..
(nzr 31
31))
fpB[ r[o Grfs B gkJhn? i/ b'u? ;G[ e'fJ..
(nzr 138
138))
pkM[ r[o{ v[pk ;z;ko[..
g q B -jfof;woB B/ fuZs ftZu T[j fejVk c?;bk ehsk, fi;
Bkb fe T[j nsh gq;zB j' frnk<
T[ Z so
so-w?A fe; soPK nkgD/ gqhsw gqG{ B{z fwbKrk, w/ok w/b
j't/rk Gh iK Bj]< fJj i' fuZs ftZu ;z/ o{g ezvk fBozso oVedk
ofjzdk ;h ns/ oks fdB u?B Bj] ;h nkT[D fdzdk, T[; ezv/ d/
fBeb ikD Bkb ;[yh j' frnk.
sB[ wB[ d/fJ B nzso[ oky?.. ntok d/fy B ;[B? nGky?..
(nzr 793
793))
fJ; puB d/ w[skfpe sB ns/ wB gqG{ d/ nogD eoe/, G/d s'A

ofjs j' frnk :kBh nkgD/ gqhsw dk ns/ nkgDk tZyokgD fwNk
224
Grsh gqeoD
fdZsk ns/ njzeko B{z Gh Bkb jh uoBK go uVQk fdZsk. ;dk gq;zBsk
d/ ;w[zdo ftZu wZSh tKr{z skohnK bkT[D tkbk pD frnk feT[Afe
d/yD, ;[BD s/ p'bD dk ft/ fJZe gqhsw jh ofj frnk i' g{oB o{g
Bkb, nkgD/ fgnko/ dh oB ftZu ik fgnk j? T[j fJZe fsb wksq Gh
T[;s'A i[dk BjhA j' ;edk. ;z;ko ftZu nBzs phwkohnK jB sK Gh
gqhsw d/ fti'r tork nsh gqpb o'r, j'o e'Jh Gh BjhA j?(nzr 21
21))
fJe fsb[ fgnkok th;o? o'r[ tvk wB wkfj..
fJ; o'r s'A i' S[Nekok gk u[Ze/ jB, T[j nB[Gth b'e :kBh fJ;
n;fj d[Zy dh tkechns tkb/, ed e[gZE (pd-gqj/ih) eod/ jB<
feT[Afe T[BQK B{z T[; d[Zy s'A wjkB G? nkT[Adk j?. fJ; bJh ;dk
fBo'r ofjD ykso, ok wksq Gh bkgotkjh BjhA eod/.
d[y[ sd/ ik ft;fo ikt?. G[y ftnkg? pj[ fpfX Xkt?..
(nzr 98
98))
wsbp fe nBzd ;ò{g gqhsw dh brB ftZu wrB ofjD tkbk

i/ ok wksq Gh T[; B{z ft;ko d/t/ sK T[jh BkBk ekwBk o{g d[ZyK Bkb
rqf;nk iKdk j?. fco gdkoEK dh G[Zy nfijh ;skT[Adh j? i' T[BQK dh
gqkgsh bJh d"fVnk fcodk j? noEks wodk s/ izwdk ofjzdk j?.
(nzr 159
159))
s{z ft;ofj sfd jh wfo ikT[..
fJ; ftZu fwqs{ dk ;z/ Gh eh< ;w[zdo ftZu wZSh, fiZXo Gh o[
eodh (iKdh) j?, T[ZXo jh nkgDk ihtB o{g fgnkok ib jh ib
d/ydh j?. wZSh bJh nfij/ ib dk fti'r jh ihtB dk fti'r j?.
fJjh jkbs gqG{ d/ nBzB Grs dh j[zdh j?. fJ; soQK gqhsw dh
:kd ftZu fJZe-o; (fBozso) bhB j'fJnk wB, ;z;ko tZb'A p/po
ofjzdk j?. nBzd ;ò{g gqG{ dh oD dk ;[Zy, eEB s'A pkjo j?. gq/w
fgnkb/ B{z gh e/, fgnko/ Bkb fwfbnk j'fJnk wstkbk jfof;woB
p/tZ; j'fJnk, T[; nBzd B{z ej/ fpBK o[e Bk ;fenkwkJh w/o/ wB e' ;[y[..
nwo t;s{
225
e'fN nBzd oki ;[y[ G[rt? jfo f;wos fpB;? ;G d[y[.. ojkT[..
e'fN iBw e/ febfpy Bk;fj f;wos gktB sB wB ;[y..
d/fy ;o{g[ g{oB[ GJh nk;k do;B[ G/Ns T[soh G[y..
ukfo gdkoE n;N wjk f;fX ekwX/B[ gkoiks jfo jfo o[y[..
BkBe ;ofB rjh ;[y ;kro iBw woB fcfo roG B X[y[..
(nzr 717
717))
oD rqjD eo u[Ze/ dh fBeosZsk

t
g q B -jfof;woB fe;/ fJZe jh brB ftZu fBozso wrB j'fJnk
ofjzdk j?, j'o e[ZM Gh BjhA eodk. eh T[; B{z w[esh bkG bJh shoE
nkfd ;kXB BjhA eoB/ ukjhd/<
so- eosZt o{g Bkb fpbe[b Bj]. ;[Gkfte ;q/Nkuko d/
T[ Z so
fynkb B{z oZy e/ p/e j[zd/ ofjD. i' g[o, gqG{ dh oD rqjD eo
u[Zek W ns/ fi;dk wB T[;dh :kd ftZu'A fe;/ ;w/A fBebdk jh
Bj], T[; bJh fe;/ Gh eow nkfd ;kXB dh o{[os Bj] feT[Afe
f;tkJ/ gq/w s'A e'Jh Gh eow gqG{ dk fwbkg Bj] eotkT[Adk. fJj gq/w
o{gh ;kXB nzsjeoD dh [ZXh bJh, ;G ;kXBK Bkb'A T[Zsw W
feT[[Afe fJ; dk ftZu fpBK fe;/ ftftjkoe o[ektN s'A, jo tes
gqG{ dh :kd pDh ofjzdh W.
jfo Bkw? s[fb B g[iJh i/ by e'Nh eow ewkfJ..
(nz r 62
62))
sB[ j?wzufb rkbhn? Gh wB s/ o'r[ B ikfJ..

jfo Bkw? s[fb B g[iJh ;G fvmh m'fe tikfJ..
(nz r 62
62))
Bkw ;zfr wfB ghqfs B bkt?.. e'fN eow eos' Bofe ikt?..
(nzr 240
240))
yN[ eow e[b ;zi[rs[ j? jfo Grfs fjod? Bkfj..

(nzr 1124
1124))
uoBkofpzd B eEk Gkt? ;[gu s[fb ;wkfB..
Grsh gqeoD
226
ikg skg frnkB ;fG fXnkB.. yN ;k;sq f;fwqs tfynkB..

i'r nfGnk; eow Xqw fefonk.. ;rb fsnkfr pB wX/ fcfonk..
nfBe gqeko ehJ/ pj[ isBk.. g[zB dkB j'w/ pj[ osBk..
;oho[ eNkfJ j'w? efo oksh.. tos B/w eo? pj[ Gksh..
Bjh s[fb okw Bkw phuko.. BkBe r[ow[fy Bkw[ ighn? fJe pko..
(nz r 265
265))
gqG{ d/ Bkw ftZu jo tes fuZs bhB oZyD Bkb, nBzs shoE
nkfd ;kXB, fpBK ehs/ jh, ehs/ j'J/ j' iKd/ jBnkm gjo f;woj[ gqG Bkw[.. nfBe shoE wiB[ fJ;BkB[..
(nzr 184
184))
gqG e/ uoB wB wkfj fXnkB[.. ;rb shoE[ wiB fJ;BkB[..

(nzr 195
195))
jfo jfo Bkfw wiB[ efo ;{u/.. e'fN rqjD g[zB cb w{u/..
(nzr 197
197))
e'fN wiB ehB' fJ;BkB.. bky nop yop dhB' dkB[..

(nzr 202
202))
ik wfB tf;U jfo e' Bkw[..
e'fN wiB ik e? ;[fD Bkw.. e'fN g{ik ik e? j? fXnkB..
(nzr 238
238))
;G o'rK dk ftBke ns/ gow nBzd d/D tkbk fJZe joh dk

Bkw jh j?, fJj dZ;d/ jBBkw nT[yX[ fij fod? fjskt?.. skfj o'r[ ;[gB? Bjh nkt?..
(nzr 259
259))
fpgfs sjk ijk jfo f;woB[ Bkjh..

e'fN nBzd ij jfo r[B rkjh..
(nzr 197
197))
d{y[ dod[ iw[ B/fV B nkt?.. ej[ BkBe i' jfo r[B rkt?..
1)
(nzr 19
191
nwo t;s{
227
;k;s f;zfwqfs p/d phuko/ wjk g[oyB fJT[ efjnk..

fpB[ jfo GiB Bkjh fB;skok ;{y[ B feBj{z bfjnk..
(nz r 215
215))
d{y[ ;zskg[ B brJh fi;[ jfo ek Bkw[ nXko[..
(nzr 44
44))
ny[N[ Bkw XB[ jfo s'fN B j'Jh..

(nzr 161
161))
n?E? ;dk ;[y[ dfo ;'Gk j'Jh..
Bkw o{gh ib Bkb ;z;koe tkBktK dh fgnk; Bkb sVgd/
wB dh fgnk; p[M iKdh j? ns/ g{oB ekw :kBh gqG{ dh gqkgsh j'
ikD Bkb ;G nk;K g{ohnK j' iKdhnK jB, fco T[; fBofJZSs
g[o dk fuZs fe; BfwZs B{z b?e/ v'bDk j?< ;z;koe tkBktK Bkb
ghVs wB[yK go eo[DkwJh fdqNh eod/ j'J/ efjzd/ jB fe j/ fgnko/
! gqG{ dk Bkw tkBk o{g w"s d/ Bk eo d/D tkbk nzfwqs j?.
fJ; B{z r[o{ d`kok ig sKfe s?B{z ;d?th Ksh fwb/T[sfo ikfJ s/o/ wB eh fgnk;.. g{oB j't? ;rbh nk;..
v'b? Bkjh s[wok uhs[.. nzfwqs Bkw[ ifg r[ow[fy whs..
(nzr 179
179))
fJ; gqeko dk nzfwqs Bkw fe;/ Gh tes gh fbnk ikt/, T[j

ntZ jh w"s dh w"s eo d/D tkbk j? sK Gh i/ i[ZrK w[skfpe
d/fynk ikt/;si[fr ;s[ s/sk irh d[nkgfo g{ikuko..
shB" i[r shB" fdV/ efb e/tb Bkw nXko..
(nzr 346
346))
np eb{ nkfJU o/.. fJe[ Bkw[ p'tj[ p'tj[..
nB o{fs Bkjh Bkjh.. ws[ Gofw G{bj[ G{bj[..
(nz r 1185
1185))
ebi[rh ihtK go feqgk fdqNh eod/ j'J/ r[o{d/t efjzd/ jB fe

fgSb/ fszBK i[ZrK ftZu, T[BQK i[ZrK d/ XowK nB[;ko ihtK dh
ebkD j' u[Zeh j? gqzs{ s[;hA T[BQK p hs u[Ze/ i[ZrK d/ XowK tZb
228
Grsh gqeoD
fXnkB Bk d/t' feT[Afe j[D ebi[r nk frnk j?. fJ; bJh fpBK
joh d/ Bkw f;woB s'A, s[;hA gqG{ dh gqkgsh BjhA eo ;e'Ar/. fdqNKs
d`kok ;wMkT[Ad/ jB fe o[Zs w[skfpe i' c;b phih iKdh j?, T[jh
T[sgzB j' e/ cb fdzdh j?. c;b d/ T[sgzB j'D tkb/ w";w s'A T[bN,
d{ih o[Zs ftZu phih j'Jh c;b, cb BjhA fdnk eodh. fJ; ftZu
G[Zb Bk eo' feT[Afe ebi[r Bkw phiD dh jh o[Zs j?. p'tj[ p'tj[
fJj d' tko ej/ puB fdqVQsk tk;s/ jB.
u/sktBh
nfrnkB fBzdqk ftZu ;[Zs/ j'J/ iht' T[Zm'! ;'u'! i' XB, gdkoE
s[jkvh eb:kD eoB tkb/ BjhA jB, T[BQK B{z gqkgs eoe/ eh eo'Ar/<
fJBQK ftBkh gdkoEK ftZu'A fuZs B{z eZYe/ nszs oXk :[es j'J/
frnkBh g[oK dh oD ftZu ikt'. T[BQK B{z gqG{ dk ;ky ks o{g ikD
e/, gqDkw eo'. nkgDhnK us[okJhnK B{z SZve/, T[BQK d/ ewb w[Zy
tZb sZe' s/ ;[D', T[j s[jkB{z eh nkyd/ jB. i' e[ZM T[j feqgkb{
nkyD, T[; B{z wzB' sKfe ;z;ko ;w[zdo ftZu r's/ yk oj/ ftnke[b
fuZs tkfbU! ;[y g{ope gkob/ feBko/ gj[zu ;e'. fi; s'A ftZS[V e/
ed/ ;[gB/ nzdo Gh fBZs :kBh ;d?th ;[Zy dk doB BjhA ehsk,
T[; nBzd ;ò{g gqG{ B{z fwbe/ ;[yh j't'. T[;dk fwbkg d[ZyK dk
fti'r j? ns/ T[;dk fti'r d[ZyK dk fwbkg j?. oD rqjD ehs/
fpBK, T[;dh wkfJnk s'A pu BjhA ;e'Ar/ ns/ y[nko jh j[zd/ oj'Ar/.
wkfJnk ftZu G[Zb/ j'J/ iht, ;G e[ZM d/yd/ j'J/ Gh BjhA d/yd/
ns/ ;G e[ZM ;[Dd/ j'J/ Gh BjhA ;[Dd/. oho d/ gkbD-g'D T[Zs/ jh
;kok 'o bkfJnk j'fJnk j?. fuZs, fzrko ftZu'A jh BjhA fBebdk
sK ;fs;zrs tZb ikD bJh ;wK feZE/< oho nkfd M{m/ gdkoEK B{z
;fs ;wM e/, T[BQK dh gqkgsh bJh fJT[A d"Vd/ jB fit/A fwqr,
fwqrfsqBk tkb/ ib B{z ;Zuk ikD e/ T[; tZb d"Vdk j?. ihG d/
;`kd kso ihtK B{z wkod/ jB s/ okp Bkb nzX/ j'J/, tofis
nwo t;s{
229
joesK eod/ jB. gkgK Bkb w?b/ j'J/ fuZs tkb/, ;wMkJ/ s'A Gh BjhA
;wMd/ ns/ jNkT[D s'A pknd Gh, nkgDh jh woh eoB bJh s[b/
ofjzd/ jB. i/ g{op iBw ftZu gkg Bk ehs/ j'J/ j'D sK p[o/ eowK
tZb fuZs T[skj :[es feT[A j[zdk< wB ftZu t?o j?, d{i/ dh
p[fonkJh d/ Yzr ;'u-;'u e/ joes ftZu nkT[Ad/ jB. Jhoyk dh
nZr, ;hB/ ftZu pbdh j?, eq'X Bkb nzX/ j'J/-j'J/ jB ns/ tkBkfsqBk d/ nXhB j'J/ p?m/ jB. d{i/ d/ gqkD b?D sZe T[Zdw eo oj/
jB, rohpK bJh e;kJh dk o{g Xkoh p?m/ jB. ftfnK ftZu nfij/
roe j'J/-j'J/ jB fe fBeb jh BjhA ;ed/ ns/ gqG{ dh :kd fes/
G[Zb e/ Gh B/V/ BjhA Y[Zedh fJfsnkfd bZSD, w?b/ fdb d/ jh sK
jB. gkgK eoe/ jh fuZs w?bk j'fJnk eodk j?, fco nfij/ w?b/ fuZs
tkb/ B{z i/ gkgh efj fdZsk ikt/ sK n:'r BjhA feT[Afe T[j j? jh
gkgh. fgSb/ gkg eow d/ Bshi/ B{z ;wMe/, p[o/ eowK s'A pu' ns/
[ZG eowK tZb gqftosh eoe/, nw'be wB[Zyk d/j ;cb eo'. fJj
d[obZG d/jh, d[ZyK s'A ofjs nBzd ;ò{g gqG{ d/ fwbkg kso fwbdh
j?. gqG{ gqkgsh s'A S[ZN j'o ;ko/ jh ft/ nkfd G'r, ;G d/jK ftZu
gqkgs ofjzd/ jB. wB[Zy d/j pkozpko BjhA fwbdh, fJ; bJh fdqVsk
g{ope gqG{ gqkgsh bJh T[Zdw eo'wkB; d/j pj[fo Bj gkt? eS{ T[gkT[ w[efs ek eo[ o/..
(nzr 220
220))
by uT[ok;hj i'fB ;pkJh.. wkD; eT[ gqfG dhJh tfvnkJh..

fJ;[ gT[Vh s/ i' Bo[ u{e? ;' nkfJ ikfJ d[y[ gkfJdk..
(nzr 1075
1075))
fcos fcos pj[s/ i[r jkfoU wkB; d/j bjh..

BkBe ejs fwbB eh pohnk f;wos ejk Bjh..
(nzr 631
631))
cck fcos fcos s

s{{ nkfJnk.. d[qbG d/j efbi[r wfj gkfJnk..
230
Grsh gqeoD
fcfo fJnk nT[;o[ uo? B jkEk..

Bkw[ igj[ sT[ eNhnfj ck;k..
(nz r 258
258))
nb"fee ozr
g q B -mhe j?, wB[Zy d/j s'A fpBK g{, gzSh nkfd nBzs d/jK B{z
gqkgs j[zd/ ofj e/, fes/ Gh fNekT[ BjhA j' ;fenk ns/ j[D fJj
wB[Zyk d/jh fwbh j?. fJ; ftZu gqG{ dk Bkw ifgnk ik ;edk j?,
fezs{ ;zd/j fJ; rZb dk j? fe Bkw igD s'A pknd Gh i/ j'o d/jK dh
gqkgsh Bk o[eh sK wB[Zy d/j ns/ Bkw d'B'A jh ftnoE j'Dr/<
T[ Z so
so- okw ozr[ ed/ T[sfo B ikfJ..
r[o[ g{ok fi;[ d/fJ p[MkfJ..
(nzr 194
194))
fJj ed/ j' jh BjhA ;edk fe ;G gkf;nK s'A w[V/ j'J/ :kBh
ftfnK dh yuskJh s'A ofjs j'J/-j'J/ fBowb wB B{z, gqG{ gqhsh dk
ozr uVQB s'A pknd, T[; T[Zgo e'Jh j'o ;z;koh ozr Gh uVQ ;e/. fJj
rZb, r[o{d/t d/ puBK s'A ;gN j' iKdh j?ik;[ igs osB[ jfo fwb?.. pj[fo B S'v? jfo ;zfr fjb?..
(nzr 236
236))
nb"fee osB, e'Jh ;z;koh osB BjhA i' u'oh j'D iK N[ZN ikD
Bkb, gk; B oj/. i' Bk u'oh j[zdk j? ns/ Bk ftBk j[zdk j?, T[j sK
;dk fJZe-o;, gqekwJh ns/ nwo ofjD tkbk joh osB j?. nfijk
osB fe; gqeko fwbdk j?< e/tb gqG{ dk Bkw igD Bkb. fJ; bJh
fi; wB d`kok Bkw igD Bkb joh osB fwbdk j?, T[j wB joh
osB Bkb nfijk fjb iKdk :kBh nkdh j' iKdk j? fe T[;d/ gqek
s'A fpBK fJZe edw Gh BjhA uZb ;edk noEks T[; gqek s'A pkjo
nzX/o/ :kBh ;z;koh gdkoEK ftZu nke/ m'eoK BjhA yKdk. joh o; dk
frZfMnk j'fJnk wB, T[; wjK nBzd dk nfijk of;e pD iKdk j?
fe T[; fBokb/ ;[nkd B{z SZv jh BjhA ;edk feT[Afentfo ;kd ufy ;rb/ d/y/ wB jfo o;[ ;G s/ whmk ihT[..
(nzr 100
100))
nwo t;s{
231
nkB o;k i/s/ s? uky/.. fBwy B fsq;Bk s/oh bkE/..

jfo o; ek s{z ukyfj ;kd[.. ukys j'fJ ojfj fp;wkd[..
(nzr 180
180))
g q B -gqG{ osB ;dk nfpBkh j?, fJj mhe j? gqzs{ wB sK wo

jh ikD tkbk j? feT[Afe ftBkh j?. fJ; bJh Gkt/A wB T[; wjK
nBzd ftZu wrB j'fJnk ofjzdk j? sK Gh G"o/ tKr{z ewb ftZu pzd j'
e/ wo sK iKdk jh j?. fco fe;/ d/j B{z gqkgs j't/rk noEks gqG{
tkBk s'A jNe/ fe;/ j'o tkBk tkbk j' ikt/rk<
T[ Z so
so-BjhA, ;z;koh tkBk s'A fpBK ed/ Gh fwqs{ BjhA j' ;edh
s/ gqG{, ewb tKr{z ed/ y[bQD s/ ed/ pzd j'D tkbk BjhA j? noEks
T[j gqG{ ;dk, fBozso, fJZe-o;, fBofteko fJ;fEsh tkbk j?. T[;/
soQK jh wB Gh joh o; dh tkBk Bkb Gog{o j' u[Zek j?, fi; wB
B{z jo gk;/ fJZe gqG{ jh Gk;dk j?. fit/A wZSh B{z ib ftZu fe;/ gk;/
Gh d"Vdh iK yb'Adh j'Jh B{z, ib s'A fpBK, j'o e[ZM Gh gqshs BjhA
fdzdk fJ; gqeko dk T[j wB, fe; tkBk d/ ekoB, fe;/ d/j d/
:[es j' ;e/rk< jw/k jh ;w[zdo ftZu gqt/ eo fojk dfonk,
;w[zdo ftZu'A fco nbr j'e/ gfjb/ o{g tkbk ed'A j[zdk j?<
BkBe bhB GfJU r'fpzd f;T[ fiT[ gkBh ;zfr gkBh..
(nzr 633-34
633-34))
gqhsw dh gqhsh ftZu dhtkBk j'fJnk wB, fJZe fSzB wksq Gh

;z;koh j' tkbk BjhA j[zdk. ;z;ko B{z G[Zb ikDk T[;dk ihtB j?
ns/ gqG{ B{z G[Zb ikDk T[;dh w"s j?fiT[ wS[bh fpB[ gkDhn? feT[ ihtD[ gkt?..
p{zd ftj{Dk ukfsqe' feT[ efo fsqgskt?..
Bkd e[ozefj p/fXnk ;Bw[y T[fm Xkt?..
Gto[ b'Gh e[;w pk;[ ek fwfb nkg[ pzXkt?..
fsT[ ;zs iBk jfo gqhfs j? d/fy do;[ nxkt?.. (nzr 708
708))
232
Grsh gqeoD
gqG{ gqhsh ftZu y[fGnk j'fJnk wB, fe; soQK fjZb ;e/< ib
ftZu s/Ad{J/ B/ ieV fbnk j?. fJ; s/Ad{J/ dh MgN fi; Gh jkEh B{z g?
rJh, T[j eq'VK jkEhnK d/ fyZuD go Gh BjhA fBeb ;edk. ri/Adq
Bkwe jkEh B{z pkeh jkEh fyZuD bJh 'o bk jh u[Ze/ ;B, GrtkB
d/ ;[doB uZeq s'A fpBK s/Ad{J/ d/ jZE Bk S[ZN ;e/. fJ; gqeoD
ftZu s/Ad{nk y[d nkg tkfjr[o{ j?, T[; gk;'A fJ; wB B{z S[vk b?D
tkbk j'o e"D j' ;edk j?<
z e k -fi; wB B{z e'Jh Gh gdkoE, fe;/ jkbs ftZu Gh nkgD/
tZb fyZu Bk ;e/, T[; B{z Gh u/sB wkfJnk fyZudh d/yh j?.
T[Zso
so-i' wB, gqG{ go g{oh soQK dhtkBk BjhA j'fJnk j[zdk, T[jh
d`?s d/ ekoB j'oBK go dhtkBk j[zdk fcodk j?. fgxb ikD d/ ;[GkT[
tkbk w'w, nZr d/ ;kwQD/ ed mfjodk j?< gqG{ gqhsh tkbk wB sK
neko ofjs s/ nek tKr{z ftnkge j? :kBh gqG{ ;ò{g jh j?. fJ;
bJh Bk T[; B{z nZr ;kVdh j?, Bk ib frZbk eoe/ rk ;edk j?,
Bk e'Jh ;sq eZN ;edk j? ns/ Bk jh tk:{ T[vk ;edh j?. ;G B{z
nksw-o{g d/yD d/ ekoB jh, wkfJnk T[; s'A i[dk BjhA ofjzdh
:kBh wkfJnk ;ò{g Gh T[j nkg jh j?, fJ; bJh fyZu BjhA ;edh.
j/ fBobZi wB! d{finK T[Zs/ sK vZbQdk fcodk j?A, ed/ fJj
BjhA ;'funk fe w/o/ T[Zs/ fezB/ e[ v[bQ oj/ jB< i/ s/o/ T[Zs/ e'Jh
nke BjhA j[zdk sK s{z feT[A fe;/ bJh oks fdB sVgdk fcodk j?A<
i/ s/o/ T[Zs/ e'Jh ikBK tkoB/ B{z fsnko p?m/ jB sK nZSh soQK nzdo
Mksh wko e/ d/y fe fJj e[opkBh fe; rZb kso j?< i/ s{z gqG{ dk
nsh gq/wh j?A, ;G bJh fJZe' fijk j'D d/ ekoB, b'e fgnko eod/
jB sK fJj fgnko, ;z;ko ;kro ftZu v[Zp/ iKd/ ihtK bJh fesh
d/ s[Zb j?. i/ s{z e/tb ;/qN nkuoD tkbk j?A, fJ; bJh b'e fgnko
eod/ jB sK d?th r[DK d`kok nkgDk ihtB j'o Gh T[Zuk eo sKfe
s/o/ w/bh (;zrh) b'e, s/o/ i/j/ jh j' ikD. i/ s{z nkg ;z;ko ftZu v[Zpk
nwo t;s{
233
j'fJnk j?A ns/ s/o/ Bkb gqhsh eoB tkb/ Gh T[;h y{j ftZu v[pD
bJh fgnko eod/ jB sK nfij/ fro/ j'J/ rzd/ fynkb tkb/ dk
feo eoBk jh eh< nfij/ pzd/ dk sK Bkw b?Dk Gh gq/wh d/ fjod/ B{z
ebze j? feT[Afe T[; ftZu nsh gftZsq ns/ ;Zuk gq/w ofjzdk j?.
EK-EK s/ GNeD tkb/ w{oy wB B/, gq/w B{z y/bQ jh ;wM oZfynk
j?. wsbp gq;sK Bkb jh jw/k ukT[-bkv s/ jZ;D-y/bQD nkfd
ofjD d/ ekoB, e/tb fJjh gsk j? fe fiZE/ Gh gq/w j?, T[E/ fJZe d{i/
B{z e'Jh ;z;koh ;[Zy b?D dk wsbp j[zdk j? :kBh wsbp B{z jh gq/w
ikfDnk j? feT[Afe ;Zu/ gq/w dk sK ed/ goSktK Gh BjhA d/fynk sK
fco gq/w dh gSkD eh j'Dh j'Jh<
[ Z G n[ Z G fJZSk
g q B -fuZs ftZu fe;/ Bk fe;/ fJZSk B{z b?e/ jh, gq/w ehsk iKdk
j?. fi; B{z e'Jh Gh fJZSk BjhA, T[; fBo-fJZSs dh fpqsh, fe;/
t;s{ d/ neko B{z rqjD jh BjhA eodh. d/yD ftZu nkT[Adk j? fe
gqG{ gqhsh ftZu wrB, ;zs iBK Bkb i' nszs gq/w eoB tkb/ gq/wh
b'e jB, T[j Gh nkgDh ebkD dh fJZSk B{z b?e/ jh gq/w eod/ jB
ns/ fJ;h soQK ;zs b'e Gh i' nkgD/ gqG{ Bkb fJZe-o; gqhsh
pDkJh oZyD tkb/ jB, T[j Gh nozG ftZu w[esh dh fJZSk B{z jh
w[Zy oZy e/ gq/w ftZu p/po j[zd/ jB. id fJj rZb j? sK s[ZS p[ZXh
tkb/ ;z;koh b'e Gh i/ nkgDh ekw nrBh B{z p[MkT[D kso ib
Bkb gq/w oZyd/ jB sK eh joi j?<
T[ Z so
so-mhe j?, s/o/ ej/ w[skfpe d'B'A gqeko dh fJZSk jh j? gqzs{
nZyK T[s/ pzBQh j'Jh w{oysk dh gZNh B{z ok y'bQ e/ fJZSktK d/ cb
tZb Gh Bo wko. ftXh w[skfpe wko e/ ykXh j'Jh ;zyhnk (fjo)
oho B{z nsh g[N oZydh nEtk eJh o'rK dk Bk eodh j? ns/
T[jh ;zyhnk eZuh yk b?D Bkb wB[Zy dh w"s j' iKdh j? Gkt/A j? sK
T[j fjo jh!
234
Grsh gqeoD
oks B{z pkfnk j'fJnk dhtk nEtk fpibh nkfd gqek, E'VQh
irQk dk nzX/ok jh d{o eod/ jB ns/ ;{oi dk gqek nzX/oh oks dh
ok fizBh nz Gh pkeh BjhA ofjD fdzdk, go j? sK gqek jh! fiT[A
fJj fdqNKs jB, T[;/ soQK nkgDh ebkD dh fJZSk oZye/ ;zs
iBK Bkb sEk ;zsK d`kok gqG{ Bkb gq/w ehsk iKdk j?. T[; gq/w d`kok
fJZSk s'A ofjs fBofteko r'fpzd gqG{ dk fwbkg j' e/ j'o fizBhnK
Gh fJZSktK jB, ;kohnK jh fJ; fJZe fJZSk Bkb G;w j' iKdhnK
jB. fJZSktK (i' iBw dk BfwZs jB) d/ Bk ofjD eoe/ w[V (fco)
iBw BjhA j[zdk sK d[ZyK dh ;zGktBk jh Bk ojh.
ekw nrBh dh Ksh tk;s/ i' ib Bkb gq/w oZfynk iKdk j? T[j
y{j, pkT[bh, sbkp ns/ dfonk nkfd fJZe d/h jB T[j tD (izrb)
B{z bZrh Gzeo nZr T[Zgo gk d/D Bkb fesBh e[ nZr p[Mk d/Dr/<
dkj j' fojk tD Gkoh pko fpBK ed/ Ks j' ;edk j?< j?D sK d'B'A
ib jh. wB[Zy d/ fjod/ nzdo eq'VK fJZSktK o{g nZr pb ojh j?, T[BQK
ftZu'A fJZe fJZSk d/ p[MkT[D ykso id gqftos j[zdk j? sd pbdh
nZr T[ Z s/ j' o bZeVK (pkbD) gk d/ D Bkb fiT[ A T[ ;
t/b/ nZr dh bkN fwNdh fdykJh fdzdh j? gqzs{ E'VQh d/o pknd jh
gfjbK Bkb'A Gh j'o fnkdk GKpV wZudk j?, fsT[A jh wB[Zy B{z fe;h
fJZSk g{oh j'D dk Gqw j[zdk j?, pknd ftZu S/sh jh T[j fJZSk o{gh
nZr, fco bN-bN pbdh j?. fJT[A id fJZe fJZSk B{z g{ok eoB bJh
ehsk j'fJnk gqw
/ , T[; B{z g{ok BjhA eo ;edk sK j'o i' nBzs fJZSktK
fuZs ftZu gJhnK jB, fe; soQK fwNk ;edk j? sK fco Ksh feZE/<
j/ wB! s{z T[; gqG{ T[Zs/ dhtkBk j' ik, sK ;koh d[BhnK jh s/o/
T[Zgo dhtkBh j'Jh fco/rh. fJ;sqh, wod ns/ g[Zsq nkfd gdkoEK T[Zs/
dhtkB/ j'J/ p[ZXhjhB wB[Zy T[Zs/ e'Jh Gh dhtkBk j[zdk BjhA
d/fynk. i/ e'Jh j't/ Gh sK T[j g[o BjhA g{ j?, fJZE/ rZb wB[Z d/j
dh uZb ojh j?. i' gqG{-gqhsh, fJZSktK Bkb i oj/ fjod/ B{z, whAj
nwo t;s{
235
tKr{z Ks eo d/D tkbh j?, T[;dh gqkgsh bJh wjKg[oK d/ uoBK go

nkgDk w;se oZy. T[BQK dh uoB X{Vh s/o/ ;G gkg fwNk e/ ;z;ko
;w[zdo s'A gko eo d/t/rh. ;q/N eowK tkb/ ;ko/ jh nuZb Ksh
tk;s/ uoB X{V B{z ukj oj/ jB noEks ;G fJZSktK B{z SZv e/, T[BQK
d/ uoBK ftZu ike/ ;fs T[gd/ B{z ;[BD dh fJZSk tkb/ jBfisBh f;q;fN s[woh w/o/ ;[nkwh
;G fssBh b'u? X{fo ;kX{ eh skJh..
BkBe fbbkfN j't? fi;[ fbfynk
fs;[ ;kX{ X{fo d/ jfo gkfo bzxkJh..
(nzr 1263
1263))
oki B Gkr B j[ew B ;kdB.. feS[ feS[ B ukjh..
uoBB ;oBB ;zsB pzdB.. ;[y' ;[y[ gkjh..
(nzr 406-07
406-07))
;zs eh X{fo fwN/ nx e'N.. ;zs gq;kfd iBw woD s/ S'N..
(nz r 188-89
188-89))
ej[ BkBe ;/Jh iB g{o/.. fiBk gokgfs ;kX{ X{o/..

(nzr 195
195))
uoB ;kX e/ X'fJ X'fJ ghT[.. nofg ;kX eT[ ngBk ihT[..
(nzr 283
283))
ej[ BkBe fifB X{fo ;zs gkJh.. sk e? fBefN B nkt? wkJh..

(nz r 182
182))
;/te s/ ;fsr[o{
;fsr[o{ Bkb nszs gqhsh eoB tkbk ;/te T[jh j? i' nkgDk
f;o eZN e/ r[o{ uoBK go oZy d/t/. wsbp fJj j? fe f;o jh ;oho
dk ;op'sw ns/ q'wDh nzr j?. fJ; d/ eZN ikD Bkb, T[;/ t/b/ fwqs{
j[zdh j?. w[od/ s[Zb j'fJnk :kBh njzeko s'A ofjs j' e/, nkgDhnK
us[okJhnK B{z y{j ftZu ;[ZN d/t/. i' Gh T[gd/ ;fsr[o{ fdzd/ jB,
T[; B{z nZSh soQK fjod/ ftZu XkoB eo/ noEks T[BQK d/ j[ew nzdo
jh ;koh u/Nk eo/-
Grsh gqeoD
236
BkBe ;/te[ ;'Jh nkyhn? i' f;o[ Xo/ T[skfo..

;fsr[o ek GkDk wzfB bJ/ ;pd[ oy? T[o Xkfo..
(nzr 1247
1247))
iB BkBe eh bi gkfs r[o{ j? f;o[ p/fuU ;fsr[o nkr/..

(nzr 172
172))
;k ;/tk ehsh ;cb j? fis[ ;fsr[o ek wB[ wzB/..

ik ;fsr[o ek wB[ wzfBnk sk gkg e;zwb GzB/..
(nzr 314
314))
r[o ek puB[ ;dk nfpBk;h.. r[o e? pufB eNh iw ck;h..

(nzr 177
177))
w[esh gqkgs eoB ftZu d/oh j? sK e/tb ;fsr[o{ d/ puBK B{z

nZSh soQK wzBD dh jh d/oh j?r[o[ gow/;o[ J/e' ikD[.. i' fs; Gkt? ;' gotkD[..
(nzr 864
864))
fJ; tke nB[;ko i' r[o{ ns/ gqG{ ftZu fezus-wksq Gh G/d BjhA
wzBdk, T[; nuZb fB;u/ tkb/ ;/te dk, fJ; b'e ns/ gob'e ftZu
Gh r[o{ ;jkJh ofjzdk j?ng[B/ ;/te eh nkg/ oky? nkg/ Bkw[ igkt?..
ij ij eki feofs ;/te eh sjk sjk T[fm Xkt?..
;/te eT[ fBeNh j'fJ fdykt?..
i' i' ej? mke[o gfj ;/te[ ssekb j'fJ nkt?..
(nzr 403
403))
i' jo gqeko Bkb r[o{ uoBK ftZu jh gqhsh oZyD tkbk j?, T[;
B{z fe; rZb dh ewh ofj ;edh j?<
fBfX f;fX fofX jfo jfo jfo w/o?.. iBw[ gdkoE[ rfjo rzGho?..
bky e'N y[;hnk ozr okt? i' r[o bkrk gkJh ihT[..
(nzr 10
1)
101
;fsr[o fwfbn? T[bNh GJh Bt fBfX yofuT[ ykT[..
nwo t;s{
237
nmkoj f;Xh fgS? brhnk fcofB fBi xfo t;? fBi EkfJ..
(nzr 91
91))
fisV/ cb wfB pkShnfj fssV/ ;fsr[o gkf;..
(nzr 52
52))
r[o[ ;woE[ r[o[ fBozeko[ r[o[ T{uk nrw ngko[..

r[o eh wfjwk nrw j? fenk eE/ eEBjko[..
(nz r 52
52))
d[oGkr/ iht dh d[orsh

jo gqeko Bkb ;woZE, gqG{ ;ò{g r[o{ s'A i' wfbB tkBk d/
ekoB, wzd p[ZXh tkbk ;/te ns/ ft`k;jhB p/w[Zy j' ikt/, T[;
iht dh d[orsh efjD bZr/, [pkB ezpdh j?;sr[o s/ i' w[j c/ofj wE/ fsB ekb/..
nBfdB[ d[y ewktd/ fBs i'j/ iw ikb/..
;[gB? ;[y[ B d/yBh pj[ fuzsk goikb/..
(nzr 30
30))
;fsr[o s/ i' w[j c/o/ UfJ Gqwd/ Bk fNezfB..

Xofs n;wkB[ B MbJh ftfu ft;Nk gJ/ guzfB..
(nzr 233
233))
i' fBzdk eo/ ;fsr[o g{o/ eh ;[ nT[yk ir wfj j'fJnk..

Boe x'o[ d[y[ y{j[ j? UE? gefV Uj[ Y'fJnk..
e{e g[eko e' Bk ;[D/ Uj[ nT[yk j'fJ j'fJ o'fJnk..
(nzr 309
309))
fJ; bJh, fi; s'A fpBK fJZe xVh Go Gh ihtB BjhA ofj
;edk, fi; B{z ;kvh jo gqeko Bkb fuzsk ofjzdh j?, j/ wB! T[;
nfij/ w[efs-G[rfs d/ dksk, gqG{ ;ò{g r[o{ Bkb feT[A o[Z;Dk j?
noEks T[; Bkb'A gq/w s'Ve/, ;z;ko dh j'o fejVh t;s{ Bkb gq/w
bkT[Dk j?<
BkBe fi;[ fpB[ xVh B ihtDk ft;o/ ;o? B fpzd..
;fj jwkoh fuzd..
1097))
fi;fj
fs;[ f;T[ feT[ wB o{;hn? fi
d .. (nzr 1097
Grsh gqeoD
238
r'ftzd fdq Nh
fgnko/ jfof;woB! i' nBzs eb/ d/D tkbh d`?s B{z ftBk
eoe/ nBzd-;ò{g nd`?s dk doB eokT[D tkb/ jB, T[BQK d/ fJ;
wjkB T[geko pdb/, ;/te eh d/ ;edk j?< noEks e[ZM Gh BjhA,
f;tkJ/ fJ; s'A fe T[BQK dh gqhsh ftZu nkgD/-nkg B{z G[Zb e/,
;opZsq T[BQK B{z jh d/y/ :kBh ;G ihtK B{z ;fsr[o{ dk tk;st ;ò{g
fBofteko, ;w ns/ fBoftebg ikDe/ fgnko eo/ej? epho[ g{oB ir ;'Jh.. ik e/ fjod/ nto[ B j'Jh..
(nzr 330
330))
id s/ok, gqhsw s'A fpBK e'Jh d{ik j? jh BjhA sd fe; G/dfdqNh Bkb s{z fe;/ dk wB d[yk ;edk j?A< nsh fgnkoh ns/ ;Zuh
pkDh p'b feT[Afe s{z fi; Bkb Gh rZb eoBh iK j'o fttjko nkfd
eoBk j?, T[; o{g ftZu s/ok gqhsw jh j?. i' d`?s B{z SZve/ fJZe
nkgD/ gqhsw dh gqhsh ftZu jh wrB ofjzd/ jB, T[j fe;/ dk Gh
wB BjhA Ykj[zd/mmk wB{nk mkjfj Bkjh.. i' ;rb fsnkfr J/efj bgNkjh..
(nz r 256
256))
fJe[ fcek B rkbkfJ ;GBk w? ;uk XDh..

fjnkT[ B e?jh mkfj wkDe ;G nw'bt/..
(nzr 1384
1384))
Grs cohd ih efjzd/ jB fe ;GBK d/ fdbK ftZu, fJZe jh gqw/

ò t;dk j?, fJ; bJh fe;/ dk Gh fdb Bk Ykj' feT[Afe wkDe o{g
gqG{, ;G ftZu nw'be :kBh fi;dh e'Jh ehws BjhA gkJh ik
;edh, T[j ;Gdk nkgDk-nkg j?. sEk;GBk wB wkfDe mkjD[ w{fb wuKrtk..
i/ sT[ fgohnk dh f;e fjnkT[ B mkj/ ejh dk..
(nzr 138
4)
1384
nwo t;s{
239
wsbp fe ;G d/ wB ftZu wkfDe o{g gqw/ò j?, fJ; bJh fe;/

d/ fuZs dk Ykj[Dk w{fb :kBh w[ZY s'A jh Gkt fpbe[b jh, wuKrtk
(p[ok) j?. Grs cohd ih efjzd/ fe fJ; ekoB w/ok efjDk j? fe i/ s?Bz{
nkgD/ r[o{d/t B{z fwbD dh f;e (fJZSk) j? nEtk i/ s?B{z nkgD/
gqhsw d/ gkT[D dh fyZu j? sK w/ok fJj fejk j'fJnk puB :kd oZyhA
fe fuZs Bk fe;/ dk YkjhA feT[Afe fe;/ dk fdb d[yk d/D Bkb, s/o/
gqhsw dk fdb jh d[y ikDk j?. fJ; jkbs ftZu id s/ok gqhsw gq;B
z
BjhA sK T[j doB fe; soQK d/t/rk< i/ s{z ;kfonK fdbK ftZu
nkgDk gqhsw ikDe/, ;G Bkb fgnko eo/Ark sK gq;B
z j'J/ s/o/ gqhsw
B/, s?B{z MZN jh ;hB/ Bkb bk b?Dk j?. fgnko/ jfof;woB! i/ s{z gqG{ dk
gq/wh j?A sK fJj fe; soQK j' ;edk j? fe fJZe Bkb gq/w eoBk ns/ d{i/
Bkb t?o, fJj Gh e'Jh gq/w j?< ;Zuk gq/w sK ;koh d[BhnK B{z fJZe
gqhsw d/ ozr ftZu ozr fdzdk j?. T[; ftZu d{ik ozr Bk j'D d/ ekoB
jh, fe;/ s'A frbkBh BjhA ofjzdh. fJj nZSk j? iK fJj p[ok j? fJj
pj[s/ ozrK ftZu jh j'fJnk eodk j?, fJZe ozr ftZu BjhAjfo ;k gqhsw[ efo wB whs.. gqkB nXko[ okyj[ ;d uhs..
(nzr 187
187))
fgnko/ jfof;woB! r[o{ noiB d/t ih wB gqsh T[gd/ eod/

jB, fe j/ wB! i/ gqhsw pDkT[Dk jh j? sK joh B{z pDk feT[Afe
fisB/ Gh gqkDXkoh iht jB, T[BQK ;kfonK d/ gqkDK dk nk;ok fJZe
r'ftzd gqG{ jh j?. T[; s'A fpBK gqkDK dh fJ;fEsh jh BjhA j' ;edh,
c"oB fwqs{ j[zdh j?. fJ; bJh fi;s'A fpBK ihtB jh BjhA, i/ gqhsh
eoBh j? sK T[; Bkb eo. fi;B/ Gh fJj' fij/ gqG{ B{z fwZsq pDk
fbnk, T[; B{z eh ewh ofj ;edh j?< d[Zy, dod nkfd fteko i' Gqw
s'A T[sgzB j[zd/ jB, Gqw d/ Bk j' ikD Bkb, fe; soQK mfjo
;eDr/< T[j gqG{-gqhsh dk of;e ed/ Gh ;z;koh o; T[Zs/ bbukT[Adk
BjhA j?. fi;d/ gq/wh dk jh ;z;ko go j[ew ubdk j't/, T[j ed fe;/
240
Grsh gqeoD
B{z nZy EZb/ fbnkT[Adk j? noEks T[j gqhsw s'A fpBK d{ih t;s{ B{z
d/ydk jh BjhA j?ik e
ekk whs[ ;kiB[ j? ;whnk.. fs;[ iB eT[ ej[ ek eh ewhnk..
ik eh gqhfs r'fpzd f;T[ bkrh..
d{y[ dod[ Gqw[ sk ek Gkrh.. ojkT[..
ik eT[ o;[ jfo o;[ j? nkfJU.. ;' nB o; Bkjh bgNkfJU..
ik ek efjnk dorj ub?.. ;' fe; eT[ Bdfo b? nkt? sb?..
ik ek ;G[ feS[ sk ek j'fJ.. BkBe sk eT[ ;dk ;[y[ j'fJ..
(nz r 186
186))
gqzs{ w[eb fJj j? fe fJj' fijk fBekw, ;op-esh ;zgzB

fwZsq, nZS/ GkrK s'A fpBK fwbdk BjhA j?. ;z;koh fwZsq sK pE/o/
nZr/ fgZS/ fcod/ ofjzd/ jB, fi; B{z ihn ukj[zdk j? pDk bt'. T[BQK
dk e'Jh wsbp g{ok eoB tkb/ pD'A, fwqZsK dk xkNk j?<
fiB eT[ g{ofp fbfynk fsB dk ;yk r'ftzd[..
sB[ wB[ XB[ nogh ;G' ;rb tkohn? fJj fizd[..
d/y? ;[D? jd{fo ;d xfN xfN pqjw[ oftzd[..
nfeosxDk B' gkbdk gqG BkBe ;d pyf;zd[..
(nzr 47
47))
fJ; gqeko d/ gqhsw dk f;woB, fsqBk o{gh nZr B{z p[Mk e/,
iBw nkfd ftekoK dk Bk eodk j? ns/ T[; Ks j'J/ wB ftZu
fco fJj nZr ;[r e/ fe;/ Gh gdkoE bJh sVgk BjhA ;edh. T[j
;hsb fuZs gq/wh r[o{ feqgk Bkb ftnkge gqG{ dk doB eodk j?ik e? f;wofD j'fJ nBzdk fpB;? iBw woD G? d[yh..
ukfo gdkoE Bt fBfX gktfj pj[fo B fsq;Bk G[yh..
ik e' Bkw[ b?s s{ ;[yh..
;kf; ;kf; fXnktj[ mke[o eT[ wB sB ihno/ w[yh.. ojkT[..
;Kfs gktfj j'tfj wB ;hsb nrfB B nzsfo X[yh..
r[o BkBe eT[ gqG{ fdykfJnk ifb Efb fsqGtfD o[yh..
(nzr 617
617))
nwo t;s{
241
gq/wh dh gqG{ Bkb nG/dsk

gqG{ gqhsh ftZu wrB gq/wh B{z, id r[o{d/t nkgD/ wjKtkeK
d`kok, T[; ib, Eb, wjhnb nkfd fszBK b'eK ftZu g{oB gqG{ B{z
nfGzB :kBh nkgDk-nkg eoe/ fdykT[Ad/ jB sd wjkB gqpb
tkBk d/ ekoB nfrnkB dk ftBk j' iKdk j?. ekoB d/ Bk j'D
Bkb, ekoi ekfJw BjhA fojk eodk. fco nfijh nt;Ek ftZu
f;tkJ/ Ks-gd s'A pkeh eh ofj iKdk j?< gqG{-;ò{g j'J/ gq/wh B{z
nZr/-fgZS/, ;Zi/-yZp/, T[Zgo-Bhu/ nkfd jo gk;/, fJZe tkfjr[o{ jh
fdZ; fojk j?. fgnko/ jfof;woB! fJj nBzdwJh nt;Ek efjD
ns/ ;[DB s'A pkjo j?.
jfof;woB
jfof;woB-r[o{d/t! fJj tke w?B{z fJZe ;z/ T[sgzB eod/ jB
fe w/ok gqhsw gqG{ i' ;koh f;qNh dk josk-eosk j?, T[;d/ j[ew
ftZu jh fJj swkw iht joes eo oj/ jB. fi;dh i' Gh, fi; soQK
Bkb gqftosh j?, T[j ;G w/o/ gqG{ dh woh nXhB j?. e'Jh Gh iht
;[szsq o{g Bkb e[M Gh eoB ftZu ;woZE BjhA gqzs{ nkg B/ fejk j?
fe T[j gqG{, gq/wh dk nkgDk-nkg jh j?. i/ T[j gqG{, gq/wh s'A i[dk
BjhA ofjzdk noEks gq/wh ns/ gqhsw fJZe jh t;s{ jB sK ;[nkwh
ns/ ;/te dk i' G/d j?, fJj fe; soQK pD ;e/rk< wkbe ns/ B"eo
d'jK B{z fJZe fe; soQK nky fdZsk ikt/< i/ T[j ;/te j? sK wkbe
feT[A fejk iKdk j?< fJj Gh ;[Gkfte jh j? fe ;[nkwh (wkbe) j'D
go e"D fe;/ dk ;/te pDBk ukj/rk<
nb"fee esh gqdksk r[o{d/t! Gkt/A fJj J/esk w?A Gh jo o'
nB[Gt eodk jK gqzs{ T[; nt;Ek ftZu id fe fuZs fpqsh w/o/
gqhsw ftZu nuZb mfjo iKdh j?. T[; tes bhB j'Jh fpqsh, fe;/
d{ih t;s{ d/ rqjD :'r Bk ofjD d/ ekoB, w/ok ns/ w/o/ gqhsw dk
e'Jh G/d BjhA Gk;dk, sd Gh fJj fpqsh fBozso sK BjhA pDh
ofjzdh. T[ZEkB ekb ftZu :kBh ;wkXh s'A T[Zm e/ fJj ed/ Gh w/ok
242
Grsh gqeoD
wB Bj] wzB ;edk fe w?A ns/ w/ok gqhsw gqG{ fJZe' jh t;s{ jK.
feT[Afe T[j w/ok ;[nkwh W s/ w?A T[;dk ;/te jK, fJj G/d fwNk e/
nG/dsk fe; soPK wzBh ikt/< gqG{ fXnkB d/ ekb ftZu i/ T[sBk
fuo G/d fwN e/ pknd ftZu c/o fdydk W, fJ;dk ekoB sK w?A fJjh
;wMdk jK fe fisB/ Gh G/d ;B, fwN rJ/ jB ns/ fJ; G/d dk phi
w/o/ wB ftZu'A BN Bj] j'fJnk. G/d dk phi jh i/ ;V ikt/ sK w?A
;dk jh nkgD/ gqG{ Bkb nG/d j'fJnk ojK. eh ;wkXh ns/ eh T[ZEkB,
fJj sK fuZs dhnK nt;EK jB gqzs{ w/o/ gqG{ dk ;ò{g nfijk Bj]. i/
w?A T[; J/eZs` ;ò{g ftZu bhB j' e/ fJZe j' iktK sd G/d-nG/d dk
wsbp eh< T[;B{z k;sq B/ nio, nwo, n;zr ns/ fBofteko fejk
W. T[; ftnkge, fBokeko s/ ;zebg-{B, gqG{ dk o{g nkg ih B/,
fti'rh gqsh ehsk j'fJnk T[gd/, w?B{z ;[DkfJnk Gh W gqzs{ T[; ;w/A
fJ; r[gs sZs` d/ ;wMD :'r Bj] ;K, fJ; bJh w?A e[ZM Gh Bj] ikD
;fenk. j[D T[; T[gd/ dh :kd w?B{z nk ojh W fe T[j ;G T[gkXhnK
s'A ofjs, w/o/ gqG{ dk tk;fsè ;ò{g W. T[; B{z ;wkB o{g eoe/ ikBD
tkbk i' w?A jK T[; dk ft/ o{g ikBD bJh r[o{d/t\ w?B{z T[gd/
fdT[ sK fe G/d dk phi i' nfrnkB W, T[j Bk j' ikt/ ns/ w?A
fJZe-o;, ;zebg-{B nkgD/ gqhsw ftZu bhB j'fJnk ojK. r[o{d/t\
fi; d/ fBor[D ns/ ;or[D d' o{g jB, w?A T[; t;s{ B{z gqsZy d/yDk
ukj[zdk jK feT[Afe fe;/ t;s{ d/ e/tb Bkw ns/ o{g B{z ;[BD wksq
Bkb jh, T[j t;s{ d/yh j'Jh sK Bj] j' iKdh<
fBor[B[ nkfg ;or[B[ Gh Ujh.. ebk Xkfo fifB ;rbh w'jh..
(nzr 287
287))
fJ; puB nB[;ko w?A T[; gqhsw B{z ft/ o{g Bkb ikBD tkbk
jK fe ;[nkwh s/ ;/te dk fJZe o{g fe; soPK W<
;zs- Tgq'es ebgBk s?B{z nfrnkB fBzdqk ftZu ;[Zs/ B{z Gk; ojh
W, jkbK s/oh fBzdqk nZSh soPK BjhA N[ZNh. i' T[; B{z ft/ o{g s/ ikBD
nwo t;s{
243
tkbk W, T[jh sK fBor[D s/ ;or[D o{g ftZu Gk; fojk W. ;[nkwh s/

;/te Gh T[jh pfDnk p?mk W i' fJj efjzdk W fe ;[nkwh s/ ;/te dk
fJZe o{g fe; soPK W< ns/ i' fJj wzBdk W fe w?A e[ZM Bj] eodk ;G
T[; dk j[ew jh tos fojk W. T[j j[ewh, nkgD/ j[ew noEks ;Zsk
Bkb iVP ohoK dh joes eokT[D tkbk fBozeko jh sK W.
i/ s?B{z, w?A e[ZM Gh Bj] eodk fJj fdqV fB;uk W, fco fe;
gqwkswk s'A vodk WA< feT[Afe id s{z fe;/ Gh feqnk dk eosk Bj]
pDdk, fco s?B{z cb G[rskT[D tkbk e"D W fe fi; gk;'A s{z vo/A<
ykjwykj jh nkgD/ s'A i[dk fe;/ gqwkswk dh ebgBk eoe/ dhB
j'fJnk p?mk WA. SZv\ fJ; dhBsk B{z, e'Jh Gh s/o/ T[Zs/ j[ew eoB
tkbk Bj], Bk jh e'Jh s?E'A fGzB ;[nkwh W ns/ fBor[D-;or[D o{g
ftZu Gk;D tkbh Gh e'Jh j'o t;s{ Bj], fpBK s?E'A.
eh k;sqK iK rqzEK dh ebgBk s/ eh ;z;koh. i' ebgBk jh W,
T[j ebgBkjhB dk ftrkVdh s/ ;tkodh eh W< fJ; k ;sqh: ns/
;z;koh ebgBkwJh god/ B{z T[sko e/ go/ ;[ZN. s{z wB, fJzdqhnK ns/
oho jh Bj] sK ebgBk dk ;go eh j'Dk j'fJnk< k ;sqh: ns/
b"fee ebgBk oho XkohnK bJh W, oho s'A ofjs nt;Ek bJh
Bj]. w?b/ Gh fJj wB-sB jh j[zd/ jB s/ w?b X'D bJh ;kpD Gh fJBPK
tk;s/ jh W. id s{z w?bk jh Bj] j[zdk sK ;kpD Bkb eh ro<
z e k - pVk n;uo W\ i/ jfof;woB s'A tZyok e'Jh Gh j'o
gqwkswk Bj] ;h sK T[; gk;'A sB-wB fe; gqwkswk d/ nogD
eotkfJnk s/ T[;dh w?A-w/oh rtk e/, gqG{ j[ew nzdo okh ofjD
dk T[gd/ fe; BfwZs fdZsk frnk<
T[ Z so
so- fJ; tk;s/ fe T[j nkgDh n;bhns ftZu ekfJw j'
ikt/. T[;d/ T[Zgo ebfgs sB-wB dk i' godk ;h, T[j fe;/ ;[De/
wzB/ j'J/ ebfgs gqwkswk d/ nogD eo fdZsk feT[Afe o"k sK ;kok
fJ; god/ dk jh ;h. sB-wB o{gh god/ B{z bkj e/ goP/ oZy d/D Bkb
244
Grsh gqeoD
i' Gh t;s{ sB-wB Bkb ;zpzfXs j[zdh W, T[j ;[Gkfte jh d{o j'
iKdh W feT[Afe w?A-w/oh d/ ekoB jh ;G t;s{nK ftZu w?A-w/oh
ofjzdh W. T[; god/ d/ T[Zso ikD Bkb jfof;woB fpbe[b n;zr
j' frnk. gqzs{ sB-wB s'A i[dk j' e/ Gh jkbK G/d Gk;dk ;h feT[Afe
nkgD/-nkg B{z fJT[A ;wMdk ;h fe w?A e[ZM Bj] eodk eoB tkbk
sK fJZe gqwkswk jh W. fJBPK d' gqshshnK ftZu'A fJZe ;Zuh s/ d{ih
ebfgs W. fi; ftZu nkgDh j'Ad gqrN Gk;dh W, T[j ;Zuh s/ d{ih
gqG{ gqshsh sK wB dh GktBk wksq jh W, fJ; bJh T[j ebfgs ;h.
T[; ebfgs gqshsh dk fB/X j' ikD Bkb ebgBk ofjs t;s{ i'
T[;dk nkgDk-nkg W, T[j ;[Gkfte jh pu rJh. T[; gqsZy nB[Gt
j' ojh t;s{ dk fB/X e"D eo/<
z e k - sB-wB gqG{ d/ nogD eoB Bkb sK fpBK tkfjr[o{ s'A
e[ZM ofjzdk jh Bj] W, fco nkg d' gqshshnK dk eEB fe; gqeko
eod/ j'A<
T[Zso
so- fJj mhe W, T[gq'es nogD s'A pknd f;tkJ/ tkfjr[o{
s'A e[ZM Gh pkeh Bj] pudk. feT[Afe sB-wB ftZu'A w?A sK nogD
ekb ftZu jh fBeb iKdh W go nkgD/ tk;fse ;ò{g ftZu'A w?A B{z
e"D d{o eo ;edk W. i' nkgDh j'Ad pd'pdh pkeh pudh W, T[jh
sK tkfjr[o{ W. J/;/ tk;s/ nkgD/ s'A fGzB fe;/ ebgBk ehs/ j'J/
tkfjr[o{ ftZu bZrh j'Jh fpqsh dk fB/X ehsk W sKfe T[j fpqsh
nkgD/ tk;st ;ò{g ftZu ;fEo j' e/, nkgD/-nkg B{z ;opZsq g{oB
d/y/. sB-wB gqG{ d/ jtkb/ eoe/ w?A e[ZM Gh Bj] eodk, ;G gqG{ dk
j[ew jh tosdk W fJj Grsh sK nsh T[Zsw jh W fezs{ fJj T[g/:
Bj] T[gkfJ jh W. fJ; T[gkfJ d`kok hxq jh T[g/: :kBh nkswgd
dh gqkgsh j[zdh W. fJ;/ bJh ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftZu T[gq'es Grsh
bJh nszs 'o fdZsk W. fJ; T[gkfJ d`kok gfjbK ;wkB n;zrsk
j[zdh W s/ T[g/: t;s{ dh gqkgsh j[zd/ jh ft/ n;zrsk dh gqkgsh j'
nwo t;s{
245
iKdh W i' fe irk;{ dk nkgDk-nkg W. T[; nkgD/-nkg ftZu

w?A ns/ s{z pd dh Gh gqftosh Bj] j[zdh feT[Afe T[; irPk wB,
fJzdqhnK ns/ oho Bj] jB.
fJZe s{z jh s{z j?A fJzdqhnK ns/ oho s'A nshs fJZe w?A jh w?A jK
fJj d'B'A fpqshnK jh jB. fJBQK d`kok ;gN j'D tkbk nkswk-pqjw
d'jK s'A goQ/ j?. T[gq'es d'jK fpqshnK ftZu'A :kBh s{z Bkb'A w?A fpqsh
;q/N ns/ ;whg Gh j?. feT[Afe s{z sK d{ik jh j[zdk j? ns/ w?A
nkgDk-nkg. nkswk jh pqjw j? fJ; s'A nZr/ (gqwkswk ;zpzXh)
e'Jh Gh fpqsh BjhA ik ;edh, fJZE/ fpqsh dk nzs j?. i/ nkgD/ s'A fGzB
fe;/ gqwkswk B{z wzfBnk ik ;edk j? sK nkgD/-nkg B{z feT[A BjhA<
nkgD/ s'A fGzB i' gqwkswk j?, T[; ftZu nkgD/ Bkb'A eh ft/sk j?<
noEks e[ZM Gh BjhA, pbfe d{ik j'D d/ ekoB fJZe d`?s-wJh d' j?.
d{i/ dh ebgBk eoB s'A gfjbK ebgBk dk eosk w"i{d j[zdk j?. i/
xo ftZu fjd fwb ikt/ sK o{o jh gjkVK, izrbK ftZu fjd
bJh GNed/ fcoBk j?< fJ; bJh fgnko/ jfof;woB! ;G gqeko dhnK
zektK B{z frnkB nZr d`kok G;w eoe/ w?A jh gkopqjw jK fJ;
nuZb fBoG? fJ;fEsh B{z gkqgs eo! s/o/ ftZu fe;/ gqeko dh Gh e'Jh
ebgBk BjhA j?! s{z fBoftebg, ;w ns/ fBod' j?A.
fgnko/ jfof;woB! gqG{ fXnkB ftZu bZr/ j'J/ nBzB ;/te dk
nkgD/ ;[nkwh Bkb nG/d j'Dk, Grs epho ih fJT[A fdykT[Ad/ jBBzBk fBf; fdB[ fBoys ikJh.. fBoys B?B oj/ ostkJh..
fBoys fBots ip ikfJ gktk..
sp b/ fBoyfj fBoy fwbktk..
(nzr 341
341))
BzB/ nZyo d`kok efjzd/ jB fe oks fdB nkgD/ gqhsw gqG{ B{z
d/yd/-d/yd/ jh pshs eod/ jB, e'Jh ok fizBk Gh NkJhw fJ;
fXnkB s'A kbh BjhA r[kod/. fiT[A uzdqwk B{z, fJZe NZe d/ydk
j'fJnk ue'o oksqh pshs eo fdzdk j?, fsT[A jh nkgD/ fgnko/ B{z
d/yd/ j'J/ d/ B/sq bkb j' iKd/ jB :kBh T[BQK dh p[ZXh gqhsw dh
246
Grsh gqeoD
brB ftZu ozrh iKdh noEks T[j' fijh jh j' iKdh j?. id fJZeo;, fBozso nkgD/ gqG{ B{z d/yd/-d/yd/, j'o gkf;nK s'A fpqsh fpbe[b
N[ZN iKdh j? ns/ gqhsw s'A fpBK fe;/ Gh ;z;koh gdkoE dk ozr BjhA
uVQdk sd T[;h irQk noEks T[; p[ZXh ftZu jh T[; ;[nkwh (gqG{)
B{z nkgDk o{g ikD e/, gqsZy nB[Gt eodk j?. fco T[;h tes
gogZe fXnkB-fBfXnk;B d[nkok, fBoyfj (;G f;qNh d/ fdqNk)
wkbe, Jhò nkgD/ ;[nkwh B{z T[;d/ T[gkXh o{g :kBh wkfJnkwJh
oho B{z SZve/ i' u?sB-nz j?, T[; B{z rqjD eoe/, fBoy (d/j
fJzdqhnK dk gqeke) fdqNk i' nkgDk o{g :kBh u?sB nz j?, T[;
Bkb fwbk fdzdk noEks nG/d j' iKdk j?. fi; T[gkXh :[es oho
B{z ;[nkwh ;wMdk ;h ns/ fi; T[gkXh d/ ekoB ;/te pDh p?mk
;h, d'jK T[gkXhnK B{z fsnkr e/ xNkek (xV/ ftubk nek) s/
wmkek (wekB ftubk nek) ftZu g{oB i' fJZe wjKek (;opsq
g{oD nkek) j?, fgnko/ jfof;woB! T[; ftnkge u?sB d/ jh ofj
ikD tkbh nt;Ek ftZu, e"D ;[nkwh ns/ e"D ;/te j?<
gqDt? Bkwk GJ/ fBjekwk e' mke[o[ e' dk;k o/..
(nzr 988
988))
xNkek s/ wmkek nkfd nBzs Bkw e/tb T[gkXhnK d/ ekoB

jh jB, wjKek fJBQK T[gkXhnK Bkb fe;/ gqeko dh spdhbh
tkbk BjhA j' iKdk. nBzs T[gkXhnK BthnK pDdhnK ns/ nBzs
jh ftBk j[zdhnK ofjzdhnK jB gqzs{ nek Bk T[sgzB j[zdk j? ns/
Bk jh ftBk. fJ;h soQK fJZe ftnkge u?sB-pqjw ftZu wkfJnk
d`kok nBzs jh T[gkXhnK (oho) T[sgzB ns/ ftBk j[zd/ fij/ Gk;d/
jB. nek tKr{z pqjw Bk T[sgzB j[zdk j? ns/ Bk jh ftBk. fJ;
gqeko dk s/ok ns/ s/o/ ;[nkwh dk fBofteko, nftBkh ns/
ftnkge fJZe jh o{g j?. fJ; nuZb, nio s/ nwo o{g B{z id Gh
e'Jh r[o{ d`kok nB[Gt eo b?Adk j?, fco fJZe fSzB wksq Gh fJ;
fBofteko nuZb fJ;fEsh s'A fjbdk BjhA j?. fJ; gqsZy nB[Gt
s'A jhD wB[Zy, fuZs d/ fNe ikD t/b/ pVk nBzd ;wMd/ jB ns/
nwo t;s{
247
fuZs d/ uzub j' ikD Bkb d[yh j' iKd/ jB. ;zebg-ftebg jh
fi; wB dk o{g j?, T[j Bk fJZe o; ofj ;edk j? ns/ Bk jh nuZb
fJ;fEsh B{z gkT[Adk j?. i' fuZs d/ fNeD s/ uzub j' ikD Bkb jh
;[yh ns/ d[yh j[zd/ jB, T[j fJ; sZs`-t;s{ d/ frnkB s'A fpbe[b
{B jB feT[Afe fJ; fBofteko t;s{ ftZu wB nkfd fJzdqhnK fJT[A
ebfgs jB fiT[A oZ;h ftZu ;Zg dh ebgBk eo bJh iKdh j?.
fiT[A oZ;h B{z T[; ftZu ebfgs ;Zg e'Jh jkBh BjhA g[ik ;edk,
fsT[A jh wB dk fNekT[ ns/ uzubskJh nkswk B{z ;fEo :k uzub
BjhA eo fdzdk. nfij/ nksw-frnkB tkb/ d/ wB dh fJ;fEsh
ns/ uzubskJh, ekr T[Zs/ pDh j'Jh fJZe d"Vd/ j'J/ x'V/ dk ns/
fJZe yVQ/ j'J/ x'V/ dh soQK pDh j'Jh d' x'fVnK dh w{os j?. s[oh:
(u"Ek gd) nkswk ftZu fszB r[DK dk e'Jh Gh ekoi, jkBh ns/
bkG dk ekoB BjhA pDdk.
fisB/ Gh fteko jB, T[j ;ko/ T[gkXh ftZu jh jB. r[DK ns/
d'K Bkb g{oB, fGzB-fGzB T[gkXhnK jB, fJ;h tk;s/ fJZe Bkb'A
d{ih dk oe ofjzdk jh j?. fi; T[gkXh tkb/ B{z, s{z ;[nkwh wzBdk j?A
T[j T[gkXh ;kyks wkfJnk dk gfoDkw j'D d/ ekoB ;`ZS, ;opeshwkB ns/ ;opZrsk nkfd r[DK d/ :[es j? ns/ wfbB
wkfJnk dk gfoDkw j'D d/ ekoB, fJj T[gkXh-s/ok oho
nbgZrsk s/ dhBsk nkfd ew'oh Bkb g{oB j'fJnk, ;/te pDh
p?mk j?. esh s/ fBopbsk, T[gkXh ftZu j[zdhnK jB. fi; u?sB
dhnK fJj d' T[gkXhnK jB, T[; ftZu fezus wksq Gh coe BjhA
:kBh fe T[j d'jK T[gkXhnK ftZu nek tKr{z fJZe' fijk g{oB j?.
fgnko/ jfof;woB! fJZe pZbp gzi ;" tkN dk j? ns/ fJZe f;oc
gzi tkN dk jh. fnkdk o" Bh ns/ xZN o" Bh sEk T[;h w[skfpe
fttjko ftZu fBT{Bsk iK nfXesk, pZbpK dh T[gkXh d/ coe
eoe/ j? gzqs{ fpibh dk o{g d'jK ftZu fJZe' jh j? :kBh fpibh tZytZy fe;w dh BjhA. fJZe jh g[o, ekoB-tZ fJZe ekb ftZu
uZeqtosh okik ns/ d{i/ ekb ftZu fGykoh j?. XB, gdkoE nkfd
248
Grsh gqeoD
:[es ns/ XB, gdkoE ofjs j'D s/ esh ns/ ew'oh dk d 'jK
o{gK ftZu G/d j?, fezs{ d'jK jkbsK ftZu g[o ftZu e'Jh spdhbh
BjhA nkJh, :kBh g[o fJZe jh j?. fJ; gqeko fi; T[gkXh B{z, s{z
;op eshwkB ;[nkwh ;wMdk j?A ns/ fi; T[gkXh B{z s[ZS esh
tkbk s/ dhBsk nkfd ew'oh Bkb Gfonk j'fJnk ;/te wzBdk j?A,
fJBQK d'jK T[gkXhnK B{z, fBofteko, n;zr ns/ fJZe-o; ftnkge
u?sB d/ nB[Gt o{gh ftfrnkB d`kok, wB ftZu'A T[vk d/. fJj s/o/
ftZu :kBh u?sB-;ò{g ftZu GqKsh o{g ebze jh j?. fJj d'B'A
T[gkXhnK, frnkB nrBh Bkb ;V e/, i' fgZS/ e'Jh t;s{ pudh
j?, T[jh fBor[D s/ ;or[D o{g ftZu Gk;D tkbh, wB s/ fJzdqhnK s'A
nshs, fBofteko, nwo t;s{ j? ;' s{z j?A. s{z jh fBofteko
pqjw, wB fJzdqhnK dh gj[zu s'A go/ fBor[D j?A ns/ s{z jh B/sq nkfd
fJzdqhnK dk ft/ ;or[D o{g j?A, ;[nkwh ns/ ;/te dk o{g pfDnk
j'fJnk Gh fJZe s{z jh j?As{z mke[o[ ;/te[ c[fB nkg/.. s{z r[gs[ gorN[ gqG nkg/..
(nzr 102
102))
fJ; r[ck wfj ny[N Gzvkok.. fs;[ ftfu t;? jfo nby ngkok..
nkg/ r[gs[ gorN[ j? nkg/ r[o ;pdh nkg[ tRktfDnk..
(nzr 124
124))
;z s-jfof;woB! eh j[D s{z fe;/ fB;u/ tkbk j?A :kBh fe;/

nB[Gt d/ :[es j?A<
jfof;woB
jfof;woB-w?A nio, nwo, fdqNk, ;kyh jK!
;z s-fJj mhe j?, go fBok fdqNk iK ;kyh ofj ikDk jh sK
gowgd BjhA feT[Afe fdq Nk dk ft: fdq j't/rk sK jh fdq Nk
pD/rk. id ;kyh dk ft/ jh e'Jh d{ik gdkoE BjhA ns/ fdqNk s'A
fGzB e'Jh Gh fdq BjhA sK ;kyh fe; dk s/ fdqNk fe; dk<
w?A ;kyh jK, w?A fdqNk jK fJj nkgD/-nkg dh ;'Mh dh nt;Ek
j? :kBh i' wkfJnk d/ gqGkt Bkb nkgDh n;bhns G[Zb e/ fe w?A
nwo t;s{
249
oho jK, izwdk jK, wodk jK nkfd wzBD bZr frnk ;h, T[j r[o{T[gd/ d`kok oho nkfd iVQ t;s{nK s'A u?sB-;ò{g nbZr eo
fdZsk frnk.
219))
i' dh;? ;' ;rb fpBk;? fiT[ pkdo eh SkJh.. (nzr 219
i' Gh n;Zs iVQ s/ d[Zy o{g ftZu Gk;dk j? ;' ftBkh j? ns/
w?A d/yD tkbk fdqNk ;Zs jK. wB, fJzdqhnK ns/ oho dhnK
[ZG-n[ZG joesK dk ;kyh jK.
jfo ihT[ nzsoikwh ikB..
eos[ p[okJh wkB[y s/ SgkJh ;kyh G{s gtkB..
(nzr 1202
1202))
fJj j? nkgD/-nkg dh gSkD! id sZe nkgD/-nkg dh gSkD

BjhA j[d
z h, sd sZe fBozeko Bkb nG/dsk n;zGt j?. nkg/ B{z gSkD e/
nG/d j'D bJh, gqG{ d/ bSDK dk pkozpko f;woB eoBk noEks gqG{
tkb/ bZSDK tkbk nkgD/-nkg B{z nB[Gt eoBk j?, fJ; bJh-eh w?A
fdqNk jK, ;kyh jK f;oc fJZe jh oho dk< BjhA, fizB/ Gh g[o,
fJ;sqh, g{, gzyh nkfd-nkfd oho jB, ;GBK ftZu ofj e/ T[BQK
dhnK joesK s'A fBob/g fdqNk :kBh nkg e[ZM Gh BjhA eodk, w/oh
;Zsk gk e/ wB, fJzdqhnK ns/ oho joes ftZu nkT[Ad/ jB;G e? wfX nfbgs' oj?. i' feS[ ejDk ;[ nkg/ ej?..
(nzr 294
294))
;fG e? wfX ;G j{ s/ pkjfo okr d'y s/ fBnko/..

(nzr 784
784))
w?A ftnkge jK, n;zr jK, nd`?s jK, nyzv jK, gqek ;ò{g jK
ns/ nBzs jK. w?A jh fdqNk jK, w?A jh ;G t;s{nK dk frnksk jK
s/ w?A jh frnkB ;ò{g jK. w?A fJZe jh fdqNk nBzs o{g jK :kBh
fdqNk Gh w?A jh jK s/ fdq Gh w?A jh jK. w?A jh fJZe-o; ofjD
tkbk ftnkge nftBkh jK-
250
Grsh gqeoD
p{M? d/y? eo? fpp/e.. nkgfj J/e nkgfj nB/e..

wo? B fpB;? nkt? B ikfJ.. BkBe ;d jh ofjnk ;wkfJ..
(nzr 279
279))
;G d/jK ftZu ofjzdk j'fJnk w?A jh fJZe d/yD tkbk jK s/

;kohnK d/jK w/ohnK jB :kBh i' e[ZM Gh nkeko o{g ftZu Gk;dk
j?, T[j w/ok jh ftokN (ftkb) oho j?;op G{s nkfg toskok.. ;op B?B nkfg g/yBjkok..
;rb ;wrqh ik ek sBk..
(nzr 294
294))
w?A nzdo-pkjo g{oB jK! w/o/ fpBK e'Jh Gh EK BjhAtk;[d/t ;opsq w? T{B B esj{ mkfJ..
nzsfo pkjfo ;zfr j? BkBe ekfJ d[okfJ..
(nzr 259
259))
;' nzsfo ;' pkjfo nBzs.. xfN xfN fpnkfg ofjnk Grtzs..
XofB wkfj nkek; gfJnkb.. ;op b'e g{oB gqfsgkb..
(nzr 293
293))
fJj j? fBozeko Bkb nG/dsk :kBh gowgd

gowgd. nkgD/-nkg s'A
fGzB, gqG{ dk frnkB j' jh BjhA ;edk feT[Afe gqG{ nkgD/-nkg s'A
i[dk BjhA j?. fi; frnkB ;ò{g gqG{ d`kok jo fJZe t;s{ ikDh
iKdh j?, T[; B{z fe;/ frnkB d`kok e'Jh ikD/< nZr, nkgD/ s'A fGzB
t;s{ B{z jh ibkT[Adh j?, nkgD/-nkg B{z BjhA. nkswk s'A fGzB
e'Jh d{ik j? jh BjhA sK ikD/ e"D<
sk eh rfs ejh B ikfJ.. d{;o j'fJ s ;'Mh gkfJ..
(nzr 294
294))
wzB wMkj{ bfy s[Xj[ d{fo B ;[ fgoh..
(nzr 1100
1100))
;' gqG[ d{fo Bkjh gqG[ s{z j?..

(nzr 354
354))
z e k -w?A fdqNk jK, ftnkge jK, n;zr jK, pqjw jK nkfd
fpqshnK eh fJj jT[Aw?A BjhA< jT[Aw?A d/ fsnkr fpBK sK ed/ Gh
gowgd gqkgs BjhA j[zdk<
T[ Z so
so-fi; B{z fJj [ZX jzeko j? fe w?A ;G d/jK ftZu ofjD
nwo t;s{
251
tkbk n;zr, fBob/g, fdqNk, pqjw jK. w?A jh fdqNk ns/ fdq:
o{g eoe/ c?fbnk j'fJnk, fJZe fBozeko jK, w/o/ fpBK j'o e[ZM Gh
BjhA, T[;d/ gftZsq uoBK ftZu f;o oZy e/ eq'VK pko gqDkw j?.
nfij/ [ZX jzeko tkb/ g[o dk doB, ;kyks fBozeko dk jh
doB j? .
fi; B{z s{z jzeko efjzdk j?A, T[j jzeko BjhA. jzeko j[zdk j? T[;B{z,
fi;dh oho s/ oho Bkb ;zpzfXs t;s{nK ns/ joesK ftZu w?Aw/oh j[zdh j?. T[; wfbB w?A-w/oh B{z jNkT[D tk;s/ jh gfjbKi' dh;? ;' ;rb fpBk;? fiT[ pkdo eh SkJh..
iB BkBe ir[ ikfBU fwfEnk ofjU okw ;oBkJh..
(nzr 219
219))
fJj[ ir[ X{J/ ek gjko.. s? ;kuk wkfBnk fej fpukfo..

(nz r 1186-87
1186-87))
BkBe ejs irs ;G fwfEnk fiT[ ;[gBk o?BkJh.

(nzr 1231
1231))
ir ouBk ;G M{m j? ikfB b/j[ o/ whs..

efj BkBe fEo[ Bk oj? fiT[ pkb{ eh Ghs..
(nzr 1429
1429))
;kX' fJj[ sB[ fwfEnk ikBT[..
(nz r 1186
1186))
;rb irs[ j? i?;/ ;[gBk fpB;s brs B pko..

(nzr 633
633))
nkfde r[o puBK dk T[gd/ j[zdk j?. id skJhA fJ; fdq:

gqgzu dh ;Zssk, fuZs ftZu'A BjhA jNk fdZsh iKdh sd skJhA e'Jh
ekoB jh BjhA i' fdqNk ns/ ;kyh dk :kBh nkgDh n;bhns dk
p'X j' ;e/. feT[Afe fdq: gqgzu ftZu ;Zs p[ZXh j'D s/ fuZs
;z;koe w?A s/ w/oh ftZu cf;nk ofjzdk j?. fuZs B{z n;Zs gqgzu
ftZu'A eZYD bJh, fJjh fJZe ;q/N i[rsh j? fe gqgzu dk fB/X eo
fdZsk ikt/ sK fe nkgDh n;bhns dh ;'Mh gt/. fiT[A skbkp go
nkJh j'Jh ekJh (jo/ ozr dh T[bQh) ib B{z YZe oydh j?, T[;B{z jNk
252
Grsh gqeoD
d/D Bkb ib dk doB j' iKdk j?, fsT[A jh oho nkfd ftZu
jT[Aw?A B/ nkswk B{z Yfenk j'fJnk j?, T[; jT[Aw?A dk nGkt jh
nkgD/-nkg dk doB j?. nkgDh gSkD j' ikD pknd, fbt
d`kok fBozeko Bkb nG/d j[zdk j? noEks fBozeko j[zdk j'fJnk jh
fBozeko j' iKdk j?. w?A pqjw jK fJj fpqsh e/tb nkswk T[Zgo
nkJ/ j'J/ nktoB :kBh gVd/ B{z jh ftBk eodh j?. T[gozs T[j
fBo-nktoB t;s{ gqekfs j[zdh j'Jh jh gqekfs j' iKdh j? i'
fe;/ Gh fpqsh nkfd dk ft/ BjhA j?. fco fJ; nt;Ek ftZui' dh;? ;' s/ok o{g[.. r[D fBXkB r'ftzd nB{g.. (nzr 724
724))
;G e[ZM ;Zs jh ;Zs fdykJh fdzdk j?nkfg ;fs ;fs ;G Xkoh.. nkg/ r[D nkg/ r[Dekoh..
(nz r 285
285))
;fs eow[ ik eh ouBk ;fs.. w{b[ ;fs ;fs T[sgfs..

(nzr 284
284))
p[MBjko eT[ ;fs ;G j'fJ.. BkBe ;fs ;fs gqG[ ;'fJ..

(nz r 285
285))
fJ; s'A gfjbK nfrnkB nt;Ek ftZu i/ irk;{ B{z fJj T[gd/
ehsk ikJ/ fe fdq: gqgzu fBozeko dh ouBk j'D s/ ;Zs: j? sK
ed/ Gh nkgD/-nkg dh gSkD BjhA j' ;edh s/ fBozeko Bkb nG/d sK
eh j'Dk j?< pbfe p[ZXh ftfnK ftZu yfus j' iKdh j?. fB/X d`kok
fdq: gqgzu tZb'A fpqsh tkg; nkgD/ tZb nkT[Adh j? s/ ftXh d`kok
fdq: nkgD/-nkg B{z g{oB ikD e/ noEks fBozeko ;o{g j' e/
fBeosZt:sk nkT[Adh j?, fJjh gowgd j?. fJ; sZe gj[zuD
bJh jh ;G ;kXB jB, fJ; s'A pknd sK nkgDk nkg jh ;opZsq
g{oB j?, d{ih e'Jh t;s{ j? jh BjhA.
ebfgs t;s{ nfXmkB ;ò{g jh j[zdh j?

gqG{ d/ fBor[D ;ò{g ftZu, fe;/ gqeko dh Gh f;qNh pko/ e'Jh
ebgBk BjhA. ;or[D ;ò{g ftZu jh f;qNh dh ouBk nkfd ftebg
nwo t;s{
253
jB. ouBk nkfd dk eosk j[zdk j'fJnk Gh, T[j neosk jh j?.
feT[Afe fJZe jh eosk Gh s/ neosk Gh, fJj sd jh ;zGt j' ;edk
j? i/ wkfJnk tfN (esh ;zukbe) ns/ wkfJnk ofjs d' o{gK dh
ebgBk ehsh ikJ/fBor[B[ nkfg ;or[B[ Gh Ujh.. ebkXkfo fifB ;rbh w'jh..
(nzr 287
287))
ebkXkfo wsbp fe nkgDh wkfJnk B{z nkfqs eoe/, ;z;ko

ouBk eod/ j'J/, nfrnkBhnK B{z ft/ nk;es eo fdZsk ns/ nkg
fBob/g jh fojk :kBh oZsh wksq Gh f;qNh dk b/g Bk bZfrnk.
Ugfs gobT[ fyB wfj eosk.. nkfg nb/gk fBor[B[ ojsk..
(nzr 387
387))
T[j fJZe fSzB ftZu ;z;ko dh ouBk eodk j? ns/ fSzB ftZu jh
gob? (Bk) eo fdzdk j?. T[; ;op-eshwkB s'A fpBK f;qNh dk
eosk j'o e"D j' ;edk j?< fJ; bJh eosk g[oy nkfynk frnk j?.
;z;ko fszB ekb jh BjhA nEtk ;z;ko fBozeko dh y/v j? fJZe
jh wsbp j?. feT[Afe k;sqK dk gq:'iB, fBozeko dk ;ò{g nkgD/nkg/ nkswk s'A nfGzB eoe/ fdykT[D dk j?. ;z;ko j? :k BjhA j?
fJj f;ZX eoB dk BjhA. i/ ;z;ko, fBozeko dh y/v jh j? sK p[ZXhwkB,
y/v ftZu gqhsh feT[A bkt/< y/bQD tkb/ ftZu bkT[Dh ukjhJ/ feT[Afe
gqftos sK T[; B{z d/yD kso j'fJnk j?. y/v n;Zs j[zdh j? s/
y/vD tkbk ;Zsefj oftdk; pkih ir[ GkJh..
pkihro ;T[ w['fj gqhfs pfB nkJh..
(nzr 487
487))
uuk ofus fusq j? Gkoh.. sfi fusq? u/sj[ fusekoh..
fusq pfusq fJj? ntM/ok.. sfi fusq? fus[ okfy fus/ok..
(nzr 340
340))
t/dKs, j'o k;sqK ns/ r[opkDh dk gq:'iB irk;{ B{z fBozeko

Bkb nG/d eoB dk j?. fJ; bJh t/dKsh b'e, ;z;ko B{z nfBotuBh:
254
Grsh gqeoD
wzBd/ jB :kBh Bk ;Zs s/ Bk jh n;Zs. ;Zs fJ; bJh BjhA fe

ftBk j[zdk j? s/ n;Zs Gh BjhA feT[Afe ;kwQD/ gqsZy fdykJh fdzdk
j?. ;Zs-n;Zs s'A fpbZSD nfBotuBh: j? :kBh fe pkDh dk
ft/ BjhA. i/ fJj zek T[Zm/ fe fJ; gqeko dh gqshs h dk BfwZs eh j?<
sK T[Zso ftZu efjzd/ jB fe ;[Gkt tos fojk j? :kBh pqjw dk
;[GkT[ jh j?. ;[GkT[ feT[A j?< fJj gqB jh BjhA pDdk.
r[opkDh go oXk oZyD tkb/ efjzd/ jB fe ;z;ko fBozeko dh
y/v j?. i/ fJj gqB T[Zm/ fe n?;h fBozeko dh y/v feT[A j?< sK fJj
gqB jh BjhA pDdk. feT[Afe fBozeko dk y/vD dk i' ;[GkT[ j?, T[j
sK T[;dh woh j?. fiT[A ;[szsq oki/ B{z e'Jh ej/ fe fJj pkjo ;?o
eoB iK y/vD feT[A iKdk j?< fJj ;'uDk jh ftnoE j? feT[Afe
T[;dh woh j? ukj/ y/v/, u[Zg-ukg p?mk oj/, p'b/ :k e'Jh j'o ezw
eo/. fsT[A jh fBozeko dh woh j?, ;z;ko ouBk eo/ :k eq'VK ebg
e[ZM Gh Bk eo/. T[;d/ eoB/ :k Bk eoB/ ftZu e'Jh db BjhA d/ ;edk.
d{ik j? jh BjhA, fJ; bJh T[ge
'q s ebgBk eoBh jh ftnoE j?.
;z ; ko j? :k BjhA, fJ; Bkb o jh e' J h BjhA. o sK
irk;{ B{z fBozeko Bkb j?, T[; Bkb fbt bk e/, nkg T[;d/ Bkb
jh fwb iKdk j?. fJ; bJh ;z;ko ouBk, T[;dh nkgDh j'D s/ Bk
d[Zy dk j/s{ j? s/ Bk jh ;[Zy dk. nkg/ jh ;z;ko ouBk eodk j? s/
nkg/ jh T[; B{z d/ydk j?nkgDh wkfJnk Bkb ;`:z gqek nkswk [d nkg ebgBk
(;z;ko ouBk) eodk j? ns/ ;G G/dK B{z ikDdk j?-fJjh t/dKs dk
fB;u/ j?. ;z;ko nfBotuBh: j? iK gqw/o dh y/v j?< fJBQK d'jK
gZyK dk f;XKs i/ p[ZXh ftZu mhe Bk p?m/ sK fJj d'B'A ebgBk jh
SZv d/DhnK ukjhJ/.
fgnko/ jfof;woB! fJZe t/o w/ok fwZsq Gh e[ZM t/dKs ns/
r[opkDh d/ wfs pko/ o"/ ftZu g? frnk ;h, gqzs{ ;h T[j tZvk
p[ZXhwkB. fJ; bJh id w?A T[; B{z fJj nkfynk fe s{z fJBQK d'jK B{z
SZv e/ bKG/ j' sK T[j w/oh fJ; ow B{z ;wM e/ gow ;[yh j'
nwo t;s{
255
frnk, feT[Afe fJBQK d'jK d`kok fJj rZb sK nZSh soQK fBoD: j'
u[Zeh ;h fe wB, pkDh d/ r'uo ns/ nr'uo Gh r'ftzd gqG{ jh j?,
d{ik j? jh BjhA. fco ;z;ko nfBotuBh: eh s/ y/v eh<
n?t/A nZyoK d/ ftZu c;/ j'J/ iht, tesk d/ nk/ B{z Bk ;wM e/
o"b/ ftZu gJ/ ofjzd/ jB. n;b ftZu k;sqK d/ f;XKs, ;jh o{g
ftZu ;wM nkT[Ad/ jh BjhA jB id sZe e'Jh nkswk jh pqjw j?,
fJ; nftub fJ;fEsh tkbk BjhA j[zdk. i' fJZe pqjw fJ;fEsh
tkb/ j[zd/ jB, T[jh k;sqK d/ puBK dk :EkoE fBoD: eo ;ed/
jB, fe;/ dk nB[Gt iK fB;uk fnkdk nZr/ fBeb frnk s/ fe;/
dk fgZS/ ofj frnk. nfijk n;zr g[o sK e'Jh ftobk jh j? i'
p[ZXh ns/ p[ZXh dh ouBk s'A ;dk bJh go/ j' frnk j?.
i' e[ZM th irs o{g ftZu gqrN ns/ r[gs Gk; fojk j?, T[j
fJZe fBozeko jh j?. fJj fpqsh Gh fi; irQk BjhA j?, pZ;! T[jh
gowgd j? fJ; s'A T[Zgo j'o e[ZM Gh BjhA j?. fBor[D ns/ ;or[D
o{g ftZu Gk;D tkbh fJjh nefj t;s{ j?J/j[ ft;[ ;z;ko[ s[w d/yd/
J/j[ jfo ek o{g[ j? jfo o{g[ Bdoh nkfJnk..
r[o go;kdh p[fMnk ik t/yk jfo fJe[ j?
jfo fpB[ nto[ B e'Jh..
(nzr 922
922))
nkgB nkg[ nkgfj T[gkfJU.. nkgfj pkg nkg jh wkfJU..
nkgfj ;{yw nkgfj n;E{bk.. byh Bk ikJh BkBe bhbk..
(nzr 250
250))
d[j{ Gkfs s/ nkfg fBokok.. BkBe nzs[ B gkoktkok..

(nzr 250
250))
s{z nkg/ ib[ whBk j? nkg/ nkg/ jh nkfg ikb[..

s{z nkg/ ikb[ tskfJdk nkg/ ftfu ;/pkb[..
s{z nkg/ ewb[ nfbgs[ j? ;? jEk ftfu r[bkb[..
s{z nkg/ w[efs eokfJdk fJe fBwy xVh efo fynk
b[ . .
fynkb[
256
Grsh gqeoD
jfo s[Xj[ pkjfo feS[ Bjh r[o ;pdh t/fy fBjkb[..

(nz r 85
85))
irs fwEk j? fJ; fwEk pd B{z ;[Dd/ jh eJh p/;wM b'e

xpok e/, eJh soQK dhnK T[bN-g[bN rZbK pDkT[Ad/ jB, wkB'A fe
T[BQK d/ wzB/ j'J/ ;Zs irs B{z n?Nw pzp Bkb T[vk fdZsk j?. fdqVQ
j'Jh irs dh ;Zssk jh fwEk pd B{z iodh j?.
fJj mhe j?, fiBQK B/ irs B{z ;Zs ikDd/ j'J/ xZ[N e/ ;hB/
Bkb bkfJnk j'fJnk j?, T[BQK bJh irs dk fti'r j? Gh BjhA
feT[Afe izwd/ jB s/ wod/ jB, fco izwd/ jB s/ wod/ jB, fJT[A ;dk
jh T[BQK B{z ;z;ko dh gqkgsh j'Jh ofjzdh j?. ed/ Gh ;z;ko dk fti'r
Bk j'D d/ ekoB, T[BQK bJh sK irs ;Zs jh j?, fJ; bJh fwEk
pd B{z ed ;fjD eo ;ed/ jB< gqzs{ i' fBozeko Bkb nG/d j' e/
;dk bJh gow-Ks j'Dk ukj[zd/ jB, T[BQK bJh sK fwEk pd
nzfwqs d/ s[Zb j? feT[Afe irs B{z ;[gB dh soQK fwEk ikD e/,
fuZs ftZu'A irs dh ;Zs:sk fBeb iKdh j? s/ fBozeko dk doB
j[zdk j?. fJ; dk fJj wsbp BjhA fe T[;dk fJ; fB;u/ Bkb fttjko
S[ZN iKdk j?, fttjko T[;/ soQK jh ;ukJh-g{ope j[zdk ofjzdk j?,
fiT[A fcbw d/ n?eNo dh n?efNzr. f;o ;Zssk fBeb ikD Bkb
w'j :kBh yuskJh s'A ofjs j' iKdk j? :kBh e'Jh Gh ;z;koh t;s{,
T[;d/ fuZs B{z nkgD/ tZb fyZu e/ BjhA oZy ;edh feT[Afe fuZs,
;Zs t;s{ :kBh fBozeko Bkb i[V iKdk j?. fBozeko Bkb fuZs
sd/ i[V/rk i/ irs ftZu'A fBeb/rk. irs ftZu'A sd/ fBeb ;edk
j? i/ irs B{z fwEk ikD bt/. fco T[; nt;Ek ftZu noEks
irs ftZu'A fBeb e/, fuZs id'A pqjw Bkb i[Vdk j? sK irs
pqjw o{g jh Bo nkT[Adk j?, pqjw s'A fGzB irs dh gqshsh jN
iKdh j?. fijVk f;XKs irs B{z Gh pqjw o{g fdykt/, T[; Bkb'A j'o
fe; B{z T[Zuk wzfBnk ikt/< gowgd dh gqkgsh tkbh nt;Ek T[jh
j?, fi; ftZu fe fBozeko s'A fGzB e'Jh Gh t;s{ Bk Gk;/.
nwo t;s{
257
irs fwEk j?, fBozeko ;Zs j? s/ iht fBozeko ;ò{g jh j?.

T[gq'es f;ZXKs w[skfpe fB;uk fdqVQ j[zd/ jh, fJ; fB;u/ dh
rzwsk s'A Gh go/ fBozeko jh fBozeko ofj iKdk j?. fwEk gqshsh i'
d[Zy-;[Zy dk j/s{ j?, hxq jh fBftos j' iKdh j?. irk;{ B{z sK
wsbp fBozeko Bkb nG/d j'D dk j?, fttkd Bkb BjhA. k;sqK
B{z fttkd ik pfj; dk ft/ pDk b?D Bkb, ed/ Gh Ksh BjhA jz[dh,
T[bNk nkgD/ ws dh T[ZuskJh s/ d{i/ dh jhDsk fdykT[D d/ :sB
ftZu bZr/ ofjD Bkb nd`?s dh pikJ/ d`?s Bkb fuZs Go iKdk j?.
e'Jh Gh nfijk wZs BjhA, fi; B{z :[esh d`kok eZfNnk Bk ik ;e/.
fJ; bJh irk;{ B{z ;G MrfVnK s'A pu e/, nkgDk gq:'iB i' gqG{
gqkgsh j? ;' f;ZX eoBk ukjhJ/.
frnkBtkB B{z nkgD/ ftZu irs ebfgs Gh BjhA Gk;dk
feT[Afe nkswk s'A fGzB j'o e'Jh d{ih ;Zsk j? jh BjhA, fJ; bJh
frnkBtkB irs B{z nksw-;ò{g d/ydk j? :kBh w?A jh jo o{g
ftZu fJ;fEs jK, w?E'A i[dk e[ZM Gh BjhA. fJ; nuZb fB;u/ ftZu
fJ;fEs ofjzdk j?, fJj fB;uk jh ;wkXh o{g j[zdk j?.
d/j d/ j[zd/ ftd/j nt;Ek

;wkXh T[ZEkB dk G/d Gh fi; nt;Ek ftZu fwN iKdk j?, T[j
gow ;wkXh j?. ikfrqs nkfd ;G nt;EktK, ;wkXh ;ò{g jh j'
iKdhnK jB. fi; B/ Gh nkgD/ nkswk B{z ikfDnk j?, T[jh
fBoftebg j? feT[Afe fBoftebg sK nkswk jh j?. fJ; bJh
:EkoE frnkB dh fdqVQsk dk Bkw jh fBoftebg ;wkXh j?. :EkoE
frnkB fJjh j? i' fe;/ Gh nt;Ek dk G/d Bk Gk;/ noEks ;G
nt;EK nksw ;ò{g jh Gk;D. ;w[zdo B/ nkgD/ ftZu sozr ed'A
d/y/ jB< feT[Afe sozrK sK ;w[zdo dk nkgDk ;ò{g jh jB. fsT[A jh
frnkBtkB B/ nkgD/ ftZu irs ed'A d/fynk j?< irs sK T[;dk
nkgDk ;ò{g jh j?. nkgD/ s'A fGzB t;s{ dk jh d/yDk nkfd j[zdk
j?, nkgD/-nkg dk BjhA, fJj frnkB dh gqgZe nt;Ek j?.
258
Grsh gqeoD
fJZe sK frnkB dh ;wM j[zdh j? s/ fJZe nt;Ek. nksw

frnkB dk fB;uk i' nzsjeoD ftZu j?, T[j frnkB dh ;wM j? s/
T[jh fB;uk id fJzdqhnK ftZu nk iKdk j? :kBh gq?eNheb j[zdk
j?, T[j frnkB dh nt;Ek j' iKdh j?. T[; frnkB dh nt;Ek
ftZu nkswk s'A fGzB e[ZM Gk;dk jh BjhA. fJ; bJh nkswfrnkBh feqnk eodk j'fJnk Gh e[ZM BjhA eodk, yKdk j'fJnk Gh
e[ZM BjhA yKdk, d/ydk j'fJnk Gh e[ZM BjhA d/ydk noEks ;G
feqnk eodk j'fJnk Gh e[ZM BjhA eodk. ;G e[ZM nksw o{g jh j'
iKdk j?. fJj frnkB dh w[ezwb nt;Ek j? noEks fJj nt;Ek
:'rh d/ fuZs dh S/thA G{fwek wzBh rJh j?. nfijh nt;Ek ftZu
frnkBh d/ fB;u/ nzdo e[ZM j' jh BjhA fojk, e/tb fBozeko jh
nkgD/-nkg ftZu fJ;fEs j?. gqkDK d/ j[zd/ jh ftd/j dk nB[Gt
j'Dk ihtB-w[esh j? noEks izwDk-woBk, pzXB-w[esh, d[Zy;[Zy, wkB-ngwkB ns/ frnkB-nfrnkB nkfd fJZe ;wkB Gk;D/,
fJj d/j d/ j[zd/ j'J/ jh ftd/j :kBh d/j s'A ofjs nt;Ek j?.
xV/ d/ N[ZN ikD go jh, xV/ dk nGkt BjhA j'Dk fezs{ neko
pfDnk ofjD go Gh, xVk fszB ekb BjhA j? e/tb fwZNh jh j?
nfijk fB;uk gqgZe j'Dk j?. ihtB-w[es ;fsg[oK B{z eq'VK
i[rshnK d`kok Gh xVk T[gbZpX BjhA j'fJnk, f;tkJ/ fwZNh s'A.
xVk T[; t;s{ dk ebfgs Bkw j? s/ r'b T[;dk fwEk o{g j?,
fJj ebfgs Bkw ns/ fwEk o{g fttjko fBotkj bJh, efjD
wksq jh j[zd/ jB, T[; ftZu ;Zs sK e/tb fwZNh jh j?. fsT[A jh
sZs`-t/sk g[oK B/, d/j d/ ftBk j'D s/ ftd/j BjhA j'Dk fezs{ d/j
d/ j[zd/ jh ftd/j jB noEks d/j sK j? jh BjhA, fJZe fBozeko jh
nBzs BktK ns/ o{gK ftZu Gk; fojk j?.
gow Ksh
nkgD/-nkg s'A i[dk ;wM e/ fi; gqhsw B{z fwbD dh kso
(jfof;woB) i' mzY/-mzY/ ;kj Godk ;h, fi;d/ fujo/ dk ozr jbdh
nwo t;s{
259
tork ghbk ofjzdk ;h ns/ nZyK u'A gkDh Bj] ;h ;[edk, T[;
fpoj dh nZr Bkb ;V/ iKd/ B{z, nZi r[o{ o{g w/x (pZdbK) d`kok
J/esk d/ whAj B/ p[Mk e/ Ks eo fdZsk j?. gqhsw dk jh o{g pfDnk
j'fJnk jfof;woB j[D fe;d/ fti'r ftZu sVg/<
Bk fJj ;{bK dh ;/ik nfrnkBh B{z j? s/ Bk jh frnkBh (e/tb
k;sqh) B{z feT[Afe fi;dh fes/ brB jh BjhA bZrh, T[; ibh j'Jh
wko{Eb G{wh (;[Ze/ fjod/) ftZu fJj gq/w dh ;[zdo r[bko gowgd
feZE/< i' gq/wh ngD/ gqhsw Bkb fJZe-fwZe :kBh nG/d j'J/ p?m/
jB, T[; fBZs c[jko g? oj/ gjkVh fJbke/ d/ ;[zdo prhu/ B{z ;'ek
feZE/< fJj sK jZEhA gkDh gk e/ sofbnK Bkb pk bZrdk j? ns/
fJj fpoj o{g n"V, fJ; whB B{z nZr bk fdzdh j? fco T[; fwbkg
o{g po;ks s'A fpBK fgqEth B{z Ksh feZE/<
nZi r[o{ d/ wjKtke o{g whAj dh MVh B/, fdb dh sgs p[Mk
fdZsh ns/ ;[Zeh iKdh c[btkVh fyV rJh j?. u"jK gkf;nK s'A T[Zm
ojh wfje iK pdp{ e'Jh n;o BjhA eo ;edh. eq'VK whAj ns/
jB/ohnK ed/ nek B{z frZbk :k w?bk eo ;ed/ jB< fszBK r[DK s'A
pkjo, fBofteko nwo t;s{ dh gqkgsh tkb/ B{z fe; ekwBk d/
ekoB, 'e ns/ w'j j' ;edk j?< ;wsk :kBh d`zdkshs nt;Ek
ftZu g{oB j' oj/ frnkBh B{z, fe; t;s{ ftZu okr-d`? j' ;edk j?<
T[;sfs fBzdk d'T{ fppofis sij[ wkB[ nfGwkBk..
b'jk ezuB[ ;w efo ikBfj s/ w{ofs GrtkBk..
s/ok iB[ J/e[ nkX[ e'Jh..
ekw[ eq'X[ b'G w'j[ fppofis[ jfo gd[ uhB? ;'Jh.. ojkT[..
oi r[D sw r[D ;s r[D ejhn? fJj s/oh ;G wkfJnk..
uT[E? gd eT[ i' Bo[ uhB?~ fsB
fsB~ jh gow gd[ gkfJnk..
shoE pos B/w ;[fu ;ziw ;dk oj? fBjekwk...
fsq;Bk no[ wkfJnk Gqw[ u{ek fusts nksw okwk..
fij wzdfo dhge[ gorkf;nk nzXeko[ sj Bk;k..
260
Grsh gqeoD
fBoGT[ g{fo oj/ Gqw[ Gkrk efj epho iB dk;k..

(nzr 1123
1123))
jfof;woB ;keh :kBh r[o{ d/ jZE'A J/esk dk fgnkbk gh e/

wstkbk j' frnk. pj[s d/o pknd fJ; fBokbh w;sh ftZu M{wdk
j'fJnk fJT[A p'fbnkfsqgfs nxkfJ oj/ fod nzsfo v'bB s/ np u{e/..
ny[N[ yikBk ;fsr[fo dhnk s'fN Bjh o/ w{e/..
nuoi[ J/e[ ;[Bj[ o/ GkJh r[fo n?;h p{M p[MkJh..
bkfj godk mke[o[ iT[ G/fNU sT[ fp;oh skfs gokJh..
efjU B ikJh J/j[ nuzGT[ ;' ikB? fifB ukfynk..
ej[ BkBe ;u GJ/ fprk;k r[fo fBXkB[ fod? b? okfynk..
(nz r 251
251))
fi; B{z e[ZM Gh eoBk pkeh BjhA fojk, T[j jfof;woB d`?s
ns/ nd`?s s'A Gh go/ dh nt;Ek ftZu ekfJw j' frnk. w?A jh
fBozso jo o{g ftZu g;fonk j'fJnk jK noEks pqjwkeko fpqsh
tkbk :kBh fbt d`kok fBozeko ;ò{g pfDnk j'fJnk jfof;woB,
b'e ;/tk, nkfd ;?AeV/ fttjko eodk Gh nfijk fBob/g j' frnk
fiT[A gkDh ftZu ewb ofjzdk j?. nZr, nZr B{z BjhA ibkT[Adh s/
gkDh, gkDh B{z frZbk BjhA eodk, nkgD/ s'A i[dk t;s{ dk jh
ibkT[Dk s/ frZbk eoBk nZr s/ ib dk Xow j?. fBozeko jh fdq:
s/ fBozeko jh fdqNk j'D d/ ekoB, fBozeko ;ò{g frnkBtkB B{z
Bk fe;/ t;s{ ftZu okr s/ Bk jh d`? Gk;dh j?. nB[e{bsk ns/
gqshe{bsk nkgD/ s'A i[dk t;s{ ftZu j[zdh j?, fJ; bJh d{ih t;s{
d/ nGkt ekoB ;[Zy s/ d[Zy feE/< fJZe jh nwo t;s{ ;opZsq
g{oB j?. g{oB ns/ ng{oB fJj d' pd nt;Ek ftZu efjD wksq
jh ofj iKd/ jB, T[; gow Ks, nefj, nwo gd ftZu jfof;woB
bhB j' frnk! bhB j' frnk!!
261
rqzE d/ eosk dh ;cb ihtB :ksok

fJj rqzE nwo t;s{ id'A ;zg{oD j' e/ SgD d/ nkyoh gVkn s/
gj[zfunk sK gq/oDk j'Jh fe nfij/ phsokr, pqjwfrnkBh, sZst/sk,
ihtB-w[es, ;fs-;ò{g wjKg[oy d/ ihtB pko/ fizBh e[ ikDekoh fwb
;e/ ;' rqzE d/ ftZu jh Sg ikDh ukjhdh j?. cb;o{g nwo t;s{ d/ g{op
gqeke, wkB:'r vka ;[oihs f;zx ih ibzXo tkfbnK Bkb ;zgoe
ehsk frnk. id'A T[BQK s'A ikDekoh gqkgs eoB bJh fJZe gq/wh T[BQK e'b
gj[zfunk, T[d'A T[BQK d/ fJZe ;fs;zrh ;qa oDpho f;zx ih th T[ZE/ p?m/
;B. d'jK r[ow[y ;ZiDK B/ i' ;zy/g ikDekoh fdZsh, T[j fJ; gqeko j? T[BQK B/ dZf;nk fe ;qhwkB ;zs johuoB f;zx joh ih ;z;ko s'A
n?BhA fnkdk T[gokw fJ;fEsh tkb/ wjkswk ;B fe ;kX{ j'D T[gzqs
T[BQK B/ ed/ th fe;/ e'b, nkgD/ iBw-;EkB, tz, r's, xokD/ iK
wksk-fgsk d/ Bkw pko/ feo BjhA ;h ehsk. fJXo'A-T[Xo'A g[ZSDg[SkT[D s'A pknd f;oc n?BK e[ jh gsk bZr ;fenk ;h fe ;zs ih dk
fJj gzi G"fse oho gzikp d/ fibQk j[fnkog[o dk ;h. nkg ih dh
fJ; n;ko ;z;ko s/ nkT[D dh sohe 5 cotoh ;zB 1910 Jha ns/
pqjwbhB j'D dh fwsh 3 iBtoh ;zB 1985 Jha j?. fJT[A brgZr 75 e[
;kb dh ohoe T[wo ftZu, nkg ih ngDk ns/ oD ftZu nkJ/
nB/eK j'o T[Zsw ifrnk;{nK dk ihtB ;cb eoe/, r[og[oh f;Xko/.
T[BQK ;fwnK ftZu id'A ;kXB nsh xZN ;B, nkg ih B/ f;ftb
fJziBhnfozr dk fvgb'wk gk; ehsk ns/ X[o'A fby/ ;zi'r nB[;ko kdh
th j' rJh. kdh s'A pknd ibdh jh oho dh gqkbZpX nB[;ko ftd/
ftZu ehBhnK d/ dh okiXkBh B? o ' p h fty/ ik gj[zu/. T[E/ ike/ nkg
ih B/ ngDk eko'pko [o{ eo fbnk. T[; ;w/A nkg ih dh Xow gsBh
th nkg ih d/ Bkb jh ;h. seohpB 20 e[ ;kb dh T[wo ftZu kdh
T[gqzs Gkos s'A ftd/ rJ/ fJ; i'V/ dk ibdh jh ftS'Vk j' fr nk
:kBh nkg ih dh ;[gsBh ngDk E'VQ-fuok ;zi'r g{ok eoe/ nkg ih B{z
ohoe fti'r d/ rJh. kfJd gqw/o B/ fJj fpfX pDkT[Dh ;h sK i'
262
joh ih ngD/ ;Zu/ gqhsw nkswk-gqwkswk Bkb ;d?th ;zi'r eo

;eD.
fJ; fti'r d/ shpo pkD Bkb nkg ih d/ wB s/ rfjoh ;ZN tZih
ns/ fJ; ohoe iBw-w"s d/ r[ZM/ G/d dh n;bhns B{z ;wMD bJh,
p/jZd t?okr:[es ofjD bZr/. fJ; T[gokw dk ftZu jh tkg; Gkos
nkT[D dk c?;bk eo fbnk. fohnK-w[BhnK, r[o{nK, ntskoK, ghoKg?rzpoK ns/ ;zsK d/ d/ Gkos gj[zu e/ fe;/ fBmktkB, g{oB ;zs g[o
B{z bZGD d/ T[gokb/ eoB/ [o{ eo fdZs/. fJ; ;w/A joh ih d/ wB dh
sVg e[ZM fJ; gqeko dh pDh j'Jh ;h e'Jh nkfD fwbkt? w/ok gqhsw[ fgnkok jT[ fs;[ gfj nkg[ t/ukJh..
fJT[A pj[s ;ko/ v/o/, nkowK ns/ Xow ;EkBK s'A ftuod/ j'J/, eJh
nB[e{b-gqshe{b gq;fEshnK u'A bzxd/ j'J/, oZph ok nB[;ko fBowb
ftoZes e[Nhnk eBb (jfod[nko) fty/ gj[zu rJ/. fJZE/ nkg ih B{z
fJZe g{oB sZst/sk ;zs, pqjwB/mh gzfvs gq/w f;zx ih i' fBowb
;zgqdkfJ dh j'sh wodkB Bkwe T[g-;zgqdkfJ Bkb ;pzfXs ;B, Bkb
G/AN j'Jh. T[BQK d/ doBK ns/ tuBK d[nkok nkg ih d/ t?okrh wB B{z
Xhoi nk frnk ns/ fJZe fuo'eDh nk; g{oh j'D dh T[whd pZM rJh.
fBowb/ ;zs ;qhwkB gza gq/w f;zx ih B/ nzso:kwsk d[nkok fJ; Bt/A
nkJ/ ifrnk;{ dh sVg B{z p[ZM e/, fgnko Bkb Xotk; fdZsk ns/
ngDh gktB oD ftZu e[ZM ;wK ofje/ pqjw ftZfdnk rqjD eoB dh
nkfrnk fdZsh. ;zs ih B/ t?okrwJh dk tkb/ fJ; ;kXe joh ih B{z
r[opkDh ns/ r[owfs f;XKsK dk frnkB pyD d/ Bkb-Bkb t/dK,
f;zwqshnK, t/dKs, rhsk, T[gfBdK ns/ eJh j'o ;fs-k;sqK dh
ftZfdnk ftZu gqphB eoB dh wjkB feqgkbsk ehsh. k;sq ftZfdnk
ftZu uzrh w[jkos jk;b eoB T[gqzs th nkg ih B{z nkgD/ - nkg dh
gSkD eoB dh shpo ifrnk;k ni/ ng{oD fijh wfj;{; j[zdh ;h.
nkfyo fJZe ;w/A wjKg[oyK tZb'A pqjw-ftZfdnk o{gh fJ; nd[Zsh
dks pD ekoB T[BQK dk ;d?th foDh ofjD dk tuB d/e/ jkofde
[ e okBk ehsk. nkfrnk b?e/ dzvts gqDkw ehsh ns/ e'Jh j'o Y{zv
nwo t;s{
263
eoB bJh fJZe tko fco fe;/ nDfvZm/ wkor s/ uZb gJ/. wkB' fe T[j
fJj ;'ud/ j'J/ ik oj/ ;B fe id'A sZe k;sq nfXn?B okjhA qtD-wksq
;wkB frnkB B{z ft / frnkB d/ s"o s/ fjod/ u gquzv BjhA eo
b?Adk ns/ fdqVsk g{ope ;`?-;ò{g ftZu fJ;fEs BjhA j' iKdk, T[d'A
sZe u?B BjhA b?Dk. fJj nt;Ek th fe;/ ftob/ wjKg[oy d/ wjKtke
pr?o gqkgs BjhA j[zdh ns/ r[opkDh nB[;ko T[j th fJ; ;z;ko ftZu
nsh d[obZG jB j?fB ftob/ Bkjh xD/ c?b ceV[ ;z;ko[..
:Ek ir wfj T[sw ekYhnfj ftob/ e/Jh e/fJ..
ss ;wdo;h ;zsj[ e'Jh e'fN wzXkjh..
nkg ih dh efmB xkbDk B{z ;cb eoB bJh, shpo ifrnk;k B{z g{oh
:Ek -
eoB bJh ns/ ukfsqe tKr bZrh fgnk; p[MkT[D bJh ;`Ksh p{zd
fgbkT[D ykso fJZe ftob/ oZp o{g wjKg[oy ;qhwkB ;zs pkpk BZEk
f;zx ih Bkb fgzv p[skbk fibQk nzfwqs;o fty/ doB-fwbkg j'fJnk.
pZ;! fco eh ;h< gqwkswk Bkb nG/d wjKg[oy d/ fjod/ ftub/ Bkw o{gh
nzfwqs ;o'to ftZu'A, Bkw nzfwqs dh dks gqkgs j' rJh. nfsnzs
nfGnk; eoB Bkb ibdh jh fJj ig[ dh feqnk ;{yw j[zdh-j[zdh
nigk-ikg pD rJh. vka ;[oihs f;zx ih ns/ ;qa oDpho f;zx ih
j'oK s'A fJj fJZe yk; ikDekoh fwbh fe fJBQK (;zs pkpk BZEk f;zx
ih) d/ wjKtkeK d[nkok jh ;qhwkB g{i: r[od/t ;zs joh ih B{z
o{jkBh frnkB dk gqek j'fJnk ;h. fJ;s'A pknd ihtB-w[esh d/
nBzd B{z wkDd/ j'J/, oho d/ gqkbZpX o{gh G'rK dh ;wkgsh sZe e/tb
goT[geko fjs jh nB/eK fgzvK, fjoK, v/fonK, r[od[nkfonK,
nkowK, izrbK, p/fbnK u ftuod/ oj/. nkfyo fJ; ;d?th nBzd B{z
;' f J ;o{ g ikDd/ ns/ wkDd/ j'J/, r[o{ dw/ ih d/ uoBK dh S'j
gqkgs ;qh nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ fNekDk ehsk. fJ; nBzd dh g[oh ftZu
mfjo d"okB jh vka ;[oihs f;zx ih dk nkg ih Bkb w/b j'fJnk.
vka ;kfjp ih i' fe nkg ih d/ nfBzB ;/te pD rJ/ ;B B/ nfsnzs
fBzwqsk ns/ gq/w ;fjs brksko p/BshnK eo-eo e/, nkg ih B{z
264
8 wkou, ;zB 1952 Jha tkb/ fdB nkgD/ fBtk; 46-oDihs o'v,
ibzXo fty/ b? nkJ/. fJZE/ nk e/ ;zs ih B/ o'kBk ;fs;zr [o{ eo
fdZsk ns/ nB/eK ;fs;zrh nkg ih d/ oXkb{ pD rJ/. eJh gq/wh i'
ftd/K ftZu ofjzd/ ;B, T[BQK dhnK p/BshnK gqtkB eoe/, nkg ih B/
poskBhnk, coK;, e?B/vk ns/ nwohek dk goT[gekoh d"ok th ehsk.
fJT[A d/-ftd/ ftZu ftuo e/ p/nzs ihtK dk efbnkD eod/ j'J/
nkfyo id'A oho d/ gqkbGX G'r g{o/ j'D s/ nkJ/ sK 3 iBtoh ;zB
1985 Jha B{z pqjw ;ò{g j[zd/ j'J/ th pqjw Bkb nG/d j' rJ/ :kBh
oho fsnkr e/ ngD/ ;dk ;zr ofjD tkb/ gqhsw d/ ;d?th fwbkg
o{gh nBzd ftZu bhB j' rJ/! fJT[A g{oB ;zsK-wjKg[oyK d/ fwbkg
Bkb, fBZs-w[es gd ftZu fJ;fEs j' rJ/. ;dk bJh iBw-woB d/
uZeo s'A S[ZN e/ ngDh ihtB :ksok B{z ;cb eo rJ/. nfij/ wjKg[oy
gqsh jh r[opkDh dk c[owkB j? ;cb ;cb GJh ;cb iksqk.. nktD ikD oj/ fwb/ ;kXk..
ft / B'N L1a ;zs joh ih B/ nkgDk e'Jh th T[ZsokfXekoh BjhA ;h Ekfgnk.
2a nkg ih d/ nfBzB ;/te vka ;[oihs f;zx ih ;zs ih d/ nzfwqs
puBK B{z nwo t;s{ Bkwh rqzE o{g ftZu Sgtk e/ ifrnk;{nK B{z
w[cs tzvD dh nw'be ;/tk fBGkT[Ad/ oj/.
3a vka ;kfjp ih d/ fBtk;-;EkB ibzXo fty/ ;kb ftZu fszB ;fs;zr;wkrw eotkJ/ iKd/ jBi)
8 wkou B{z fi; fdB ;zs ih fJZE/ gfjbh tko ;zB 1952 Jha ftZu
gXko/ ;B.
ii)
i[bkJh wjhB/ ftZu r[o{-g[zfBnK tkb/ fdB fi; B{z r[o{ fpnk;
g{ik iK r[o{ g{ik dk fdB th fejk iKdk j?.
iii) ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ ntsko fdjkV/ s/ fpeqwh ;zws
w[skfpe (g'j ;[dh ;ZsthA) B{z ehsk iKdk j?.
28 iBtoh, 2012 (p;zs gzuwh)
- ;zs i'X f;zx

fo h e / .

Amar Vastu - Jodh Singh

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Amar Vastu - Jodh Singh

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gq e ke L

;zs i'X f;zx

o ;G jZe gqeke d/ okyt/A jB.

2. r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD

fti'rh dh xpok e/ gqkoEBk

d/j nzdo nksw i'sh

d/j jh nkswk j? (zek)

nkswk d/ d/j ftu nkT[D s/ ikD pko/ gqB

4. fBofteko nksw gqeoD

nB`: tsho/e :[esh d`kok ikfrqs nkfd nt;EK n;s

ikfrqs s/ ;[gB dh ;wkBsk

ekoD ekoi dh nf;Xh

jo o{g ftu s{z

nkswk o{g ;{oi ftu nftdk o{g oksqh dk nGkt

wB Bkb nkyoh c?;bk

T[g/: dh gqkgsh pknd T[gkfJnK dh fBcbsk

wB B{z t; eoB d/ uko (4) T[gkfJ

d/j ofjs ;fsr[o{

d' ftfdnK-ngok s/ gok

fBowkDsk nkfd ;kXB

fBfeq: nkswk d/ p'X tkb/ dh fBeossk

ekwBk nB[;ko nZSh p[oh rsh s/ fBekw pqjwt/sk dh w[esh

frnkBtkB dh fB;fuzss-fBoG? fJ;fEsh

;[Gkfte Ks gd s/ ihtB w[es d/ bZSD

;z : ftgo:/ d/ Bk bJh fdqVQ nksw nfGnk;

gqG{ j[ew nzdo ;G ihtK dh joes

oB rqjD eo u[e/ Grs dh fBeos:sk

d[oGkr/ iht dh d[orsh

ebfgs t;s{ nfXmkB ;`o{g jh j?

d/j d/ j[zd/ ftd/j nt;Ek

o rqzE d/ eosk dh ;cb ihtB :ksok

rqzE nwo t;s{ pko/

fohe/ nke/ ;/tk d/ Bkb-Bkb id'A ;wK th y[ZbQk fwfbnk sK

;zs i'X f;zx (gq e ke)

fibQk d/jokd{B (T[Zsokyzv)

;ze/se nyoK dk toDB

p/ e fJj fJ;dk nkgDk jh ft: ;h sK Gh fJ; nb/y ft: B{z

e/tb nksw nB[Gth g[oK d/ puBK dh b'V j? Gkt/A fe;/ th rqzE s/

bkrh j'fJ ;[ ikB? gho.. okw Grfs nBhnkb/ sho..

shik ;s T[ g d/ gq e oD j? fi; ftu d/j dh joes eokT[D

nkukoh Bjh ihfsnk ikfJ.. gkm gV? Bjh ehwfs gkfJ..

eokT[Dk, ;Gh rqzEK dk wsbp j?, fBo/ gkm eokT[D dk BjhA.

gqkD dk gqkD ns/ B/sq dk B/sq j?.

fJfsnkfde q[sh gqwkDK nB[;ko, T[;dh ;sk B{z gk e/ wB[ d`kok

;G fttjko j[zdk j? fezs{ nfrnkB Bkb w'fjs nzsjeoD tkbk w?A

;z;feqs L wzrbkuoDw - (;cbsk gqkgs eoB d/ T[d/ Bkb) fe;/ th rqzE

fti'rh dk t?okr ns/ gqhsw dh gqkgsh

;rb gk;ko[ dh;? gk;kok.. fpBf; ikfJr' ;rb nkekok..

fJ; tk;s/ w?B{z ;z;ko s'A nshs, fdq Nk , r[o{d/t dh oD ftZu

d[yhJ/ fBfs fcofj fpbbkd/ fpB[ r[o ;Kfs B gktfDnk..

irs T[XkoD ;/Jh nkJ/ i' iB do; fgnk;k..

r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD

r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD

fi; th fe;w dh ;/tk s/ ;/tkdkoK dh b'V g? ;edh j't/, T[; dk

r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD

gzfvs r[Dh ;{o jw dks/ J/fj ejfj pv jw jh..

r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD

fJ; irQk epho ih dk wsbp fe;/ G/y, fe;/ ;zgqdkfJ iK T[;

r[o{ fwbkg gqeoD

s/ p/u?B j'fJnk fcodk j?A <

r[o[ ;woE[ r[o[ fBozeko[ r[o[ T{uk nrw ngko[..

r[o[ gow/;o[ J/e[ j? ;G wfj ofjnk ;wkfJ..

s{z ;zsB ek ;zs s[wko/ ;zs ;kfjp wB[ wkBk ihT[..

r[od/t ;fsr[o[ gkopqjw[ gow/;o[