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( / species),
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(Brante, 2011). Brante (2011)
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(occupation). Freidson
(1994), :
,

.
, profession profiteri
( profiter), , ,
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1.

1.2
, ,
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:
profession, occupation, vocation,
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1

1.2.1

profession.
18
,
(Abbott Meerabeau, 2003).
,
(Burrage et al., 1990),
(Saks, 2012), profession,
, / (status)
(Abbott Meerabeau, 2003 , 1994).
,
,
,
, /
(Brante, 2011).

Jamous Pelloile (1970),
:
)

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) (Jamous Pelloile, 1970).

, , Jamous Pelloile,
, /,
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.
, ,

(Abbott Meerabeau, 2003).
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Abbott Meerabeau (2003)
, :
9

(new professions), ,
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,
,
)

(would-be professions),

. ,
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Brante (2011)
-, , ,

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Brante,
,

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,
,

1.

1.3

( / ),
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10

1.3.1

50 60 ,

.

(expertise),
(Freidson, 1986).
(
) (. .. Wilensky, 1964), (.
.. Barber, 1963 Goode, 1960),
,
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. ,
corps intermediaires,
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--

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,
(Parsons, 1939).
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11

1.3.2

,
,
(Ehrenreich Ehrenreich,
1979 Abbott Meerabeau, 2003).
,
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, .

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:

-
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(Freidson, 1994).
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1.3.4
,
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(Saks, 2003).

12

2.


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( )

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(.. , )

2. ,
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(professionalism)

2.1 (professional)
( . professional)
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(Crook, 2008). ,
19 ,

()

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1930 Carr-Saunders Wilson (1933)

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2.2 (professionalism)
professionalism Hoyle (1975)

- (status),
2. Hoyle (2001)

. Boyt .. (2001)

2 professionalism
1. ,
. 2. ,
(. , 2008, . 636).

16

,
.
Freidson (2001)
,

(-) (. Freidson, 1994).


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(Freidson, 2001 Abbott, 1991).
Freidson, Weber (1978)

,
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status,
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Durkheim (1990) ,
()
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1951 1954). Marshall (1950)
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2.2.1
Hoyle (1975) , professionality
(),
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. Evans (1999) ,
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,

(Evans, 2001).
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, Hall (1968)
:
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3.
()

18

3.1 :
professionalization [, ()]
,
(Power, 2008
, 2012). :

,
-
,


(Snoek, 2010).

3.2
Abbott (1988) -,
:
1)

2)

3)

4)

3.2.1
Carr-Saunders, Wilson, Marshall
Parsons. , ,

()- . ( Millerson, Wilensky,
Caplow)
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Wilensky (1964)
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19


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Millerson, ,

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O Caplow (1954) , ,

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Millerson (1964) 19 ,

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18251880 (Millerson, 1964). (), 11 13
1840-1887 (Wilensky,
1964).
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, ( )
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Larson,
Johnson),
, . Larson (2013) ,

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(professional

project)

20

Larson)
,

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(Saks, 2012).

, - (Saks,
2003).
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Abbott (1988)
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(white collar occupations)

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1.

()
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1.1 ()

()
(. . Benveniste, 1987
Burrage et al., 1990 Middlehurst Kennie, 1997 Freidson, 2001 Snoek, 2010 Brante,
2011).

1.2
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()

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26

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27

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status.

2.1
,
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(Halliday, 1987 Brante, 2011). ,

, Abbott (1988),
Freidson (2001) Larson (2013).
2.1.1

,
,
, (abstract knowledge) (Larson, 2013
Abbott, 1988 Timmermans, 2008)
(expertise).
,
-

28


(Abbott, 1988). ,

(Wilensky,

1964),

(Jhanesson, 1996),
, status

(Bourdieu

Wacquant,

1992).

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,

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(ibid).
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29

2.1.2
Freidson (2001)
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, ,
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(Brante, 2011).
Moore (1970)


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(Schn, 1983).
1.
-


2.1.3
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(Murphy, 1988). ,
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(Larson, 2013)
(Goode, 1969).
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) ,
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(Abbott, 1988).
30

Larson (2013) , ,

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Jamous Pelloile (1970)

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Larson (2013)
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-:

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, .

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31

2.3


.
2.3.1
Eraut (1994)
,

4, :

(personal knowledge),
(tacit knowledge),
(process knowledge)
(know-how),

(. Carr, 2000).
, Eraut
, Jamous Pelloile (1970)
,
.

( )
-, ,
, .. (Eraut, 1994),

,
(expertise:
).
(Larson, 2013). ,
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(Kemmis, 2010).
4

32

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(Eraut, 1994). ,

, .
(Atkinson, 1984 Light,
1979).
2.3.2




(Halliday, 1987
Merryman, 1985).
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(Halliday, 1987).
Halliday ,
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Freidson (2001)
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2
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33


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Morris .. (2006)
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34

,
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al., 2006). ,

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2001). Weber (1978)
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35

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2009).

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36

(Freidson, 2001),
,

(Brante, 2011).
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(Larson, 2013). ,
Larson, ,

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,
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(, 2006). Parsons (1954)

, .

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37

4.2

6:

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(Berlant, 1975). Larson (2013)

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)



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, (Goode, 1957).

4.3 :


,


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(Starr, 1984). , status
.
6

38

(Engel,
1970).


,
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,
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,

(Hackman and Oldham, 1975).
Freidson (1988)
, , ,
.
Evetts (2002)

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(Schutzenhofer, 1987).

4.4
,

, ,
-
(Starratt, 2003). ,
(-),
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(Lunt, 2008 Brante, 2011).

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--,

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2000). , -
,
39

(Starratt, 2003). ,

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, , ,
,
.
(Caplow, 1954 Wilensky, 1964),
.

4.5


. , Freidson (2001)
,
(status) , .
O Jarausch (1990)

, Lindblom (1977)
.

(Brint, 1994) -
(Freidson, 2001).

-status ,

(Freidson, 2001). , ,
(Freidson, 2001)

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40

2.
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41

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42

1253 -

3. .

43

44




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45

1.
,

,
,
,
.

1.1


(. Parsons, 1954 Abbott, 1988 Freidson,
2001 Larson, 2013 Hall, 1968 1975).
:

,

(, 2009),
, :

(Bourjeault et al., 2011)



(Nygaard, 2012).
1. :

()

46

1.2

2.


,
, (Wilensky,
1964 Etzioni, 1969 Evetts, 2004 Roberts and Donahue, 2000).

(discretion),

,
(, 2009). ,
Weber
(Weber, 1930),
,

(. Sitkin Sutcliffe, 1991).
Weber
,
47

,
, ,
.
Hall (1968 1975)
,
.
Jamous Pelloile (1970) , ,
,
,
. ,

. ,
, Weber (1930)
, .
,
, ,
. Gouldner (1957 1958),
(professional
bureaucracy)

-,
,
.

,
, .

,
.

, , Gouldner (1950)
.

, ,

.

48

1.3

Gouldner (1957 1958)
(, ..),

.

(cosmopolitans),
(locals).

.
(proletarianization) (Oppenheimer, 1973
Derber, 1982 Murphy, 1990),
.

Johnson (1972) ,
, , , .
,
, (Macdonald, 1995),

,
(Freidson, 2001). ,

(Derber
Schwartz, 1991).

1.4 :
Abbott (1988) Bourjeault .. (2011) ,

, Larson (2013)

. , ,
,
.
49

Abbott (1988), Gouldner ,


,
.
,
(Waters, 1989) (..

,
).
:


(DiMaggio Powell, 1991),

(Zucker, 1991),

(Oliver, 1997),

-
( , ..) (Gagan, 1998)

(Wilensky,
1964).
, :

(Larson, 2013),
(Waters, 1989),

(Edwards, 2010),

(Fielding Portwood, 1980),


(Zucker, 1991),
(Muzio Kirkpatrick, 2011).

2.



.
,

.
50

2.1
,


- , (Schn, 1983
Middlehurst Kennie, 1997 Quicke, 2000 Fook, 2000 Scanlon, 2011).
,
.

-
(
)

(. Quicke, 2000).

, ,
(Fook, 2000). Bernstein
(2000) :

(inwardness)

, ,
.
2.1.1

,
, ,

,
. Schn (1983)

,


. ,
51

.

-
,
(Fook, 2000).
(Pfadenhauer, 2006)
,


.
,
.

(Fook, 2000).
competence
competency,
.

.
2.1.2
--

, . ,
,



- . Nowotny
(2000)


. , ,
,
(know-how) .

(Pfadenhauer, 2006)
52

(Pfadenhauer, 2006). ,
,
(Abbott, 1988).
, ,
.
2.1.3
Bernstein (1996) ,
(genericism),
.
, ,

.
(key skills), (core skills), (thinking skills).

- .
, ,
-
.

2.2

,

(Strathern, 2000).
,
,
,
.
, ,
,
,

(Miller
and Rose, 1991).
,
53

.
. ,
( )
,
(Whitty, 2008).

3.


. , :

,
,
-,
.

3.1

Middlehurst

Kennie

(1997)


.
,
.

, /


.

54

,
.

3.2
, (Sachs,
2003):

,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.

3.2 -
Middlehurst Kennie
Cruess Cruess (2008)



(Stevens, 2001). -


,
(Middlehurst Kennie, 1997).
Schn (1983)
- (
)
( -
,
).
55

Jan Williams (1993), ,


,
,


,
,

.

-

(Quicke, 2000).

3.3
, ,
,
(Hugman, 1991).

,
(Dryzek, 2000)
o-
(Bohman, 2002).

- .


(Djur, 2008). ,
, (Quicke, 2000):

,
,

.
, :

56

,
(Quicke, 1992) ,


,
.

,
.


- .

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, . . , (2012),
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, ., (1994), .
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