Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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1253 -
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1.1 :
( / species),
,
(genus proximum) (differentia specifica),
(Brante, 2011). Brante (2011)
(profession)
(occupation). Freidson
(1994), :
,
.
, profession profiteri
( profiter), , ,
(, 1972),
1.
1.2
, ,
- .
:
profession, occupation, vocation,
, () (
) . ,
.
1
1.2.1
profession.
18
,
(Abbott Meerabeau, 2003).
,
(Burrage et al., 1990),
(Saks, 2012), profession,
, / (status)
(Abbott Meerabeau, 2003 , 1994).
,
,
,
, /
(Brante, 2011).
Jamous Pelloile (1970),
:
)
,
,
,
( ,
) (Jamous Pelloile, 1970).
, , Jamous Pelloile,
, /,
, .
.
, ,
(Abbott Meerabeau, 2003).
1.2.2
Abbott Meerabeau (2003)
, :
9
(new professions), ,
, ,
(semi-professions),
,
,
)
(would-be professions),
. ,
(.. ).
Brante (2011)
-, , ,
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Brante,
,
. ,
,
,
1.
1.3
( / ),
, .
10
1.3.1
50 60 ,
.
(expertise),
(Freidson, 1986).
(
) (. .. Wilensky, 1964), (.
.. Barber, 1963 Goode, 1960),
,
.
/ , ,
(Durkheim, 1933), o
. ,
corps intermediaires,
, ,
--
.
, , ,
, ,
( , )
. ,
(Carr, 2000). (
)
, .
,
(Parsons, 1939).
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- (Parsons, 1954).
11
1.3.2
,
,
(Ehrenreich Ehrenreich,
1979 Abbott Meerabeau, 2003).
,
, ,
, .
.
.
:
-
(. )
(Freidson, 1994).
1.3.3
(Foucault, 1979) -
(governmentality) /
( ) ,
(Johnson, 1995).
, ,
. ,
.
1.3.4
,
/
(Saks, 2003).
12
2.
.
( )
(..
)
(.. , )
2. ,
(professional)
(professionalism)
2.1 (professional)
( . professional)
,
, . ,
- (expert)
(Baggini, 2005).
,
(Crook, 2008). ,
19 ,
()
:
13
,
( ).
1930 Carr-Saunders Wilson (1933)
.
,
.
2.1.1
(. .. Carr-Saunders Wilson, 1964 Hammer, 1996
Ciulla, 2000) .
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1)
2)
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3)
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4)
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4)
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7)
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15
3.
: http://www.newsbeast.gr/greece/ekpaideusi/arthro/669351/tatmimata-me-to-megalutero-arithmo-didaktorikon-foititon/, , 19 , 2014
2.2 (professionalism)
professionalism Hoyle (1975)
- (status),
2. Hoyle (2001)
. Boyt .. (2001)
2 professionalism
1. ,
. 2. ,
(. , 2008, . 636).
16
,
.
Freidson (2001)
,
(-) (. Freidson, 1994).
,
(Freidson, 2001 Abbott, 1991).
Freidson, Weber (1978)
,
.
,
status,
, ,
..
.
Durkheim (1990) ,
()
. Tawney (1921)
. ,
Parsons (1951)
.
(Parsons,
1951 1954). Marshall (1950)
,
.
, , ,
2.2.1
Hoyle (1975) , professionality
(),
, Hall (1968)
. Evans (1999) ,
, ,
,
.
, Hoyle (1975) ,
, .
( )
. , .
,
(Evans, 2001).
2.2.2
, Hall (1968)
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.
()
18
3.1 :
professionalization [, ()]
,
(Power, 2008
, 2012). :
,
-
,
(Snoek, 2010).
3.2
Abbott (1988) -,
:
1)
2)
3)
4)
3.2.1
Carr-Saunders, Wilson, Marshall
Parsons. , ,
()- . ( Millerson, Wilensky,
Caplow)
,
.
.
Wilensky (1964)
. ,
19
,
.
, Millerson (1964) ,
,
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, .
Millerson, ,
.
O Caplow (1954) , ,
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,
.
Millerson (1964) 19 ,
,
, 13 ,
18251880 (Millerson, 1964). (), 11 13
1840-1887 (Wilensky,
1964).
3.2.2
, ( )
(Larson, Johnson) ,
Larson,
Johnson),
, . Larson (2013) ,
, ,
, .
(professional
project)
20
Larson)
,
.
. ,
,
. ,
(Saks, 2012).
, - (Saks,
2003).
, (Bledstein, Haskell .)
,
, .
.
3.2.3
Abbott (1988)
. ,
:
(white collar occupations)
. ,
(), . ,
, ,
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21
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( )
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22
1253 -
2.
23
24
.
.
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,
.
.
, ,
25
1.
()
.
1.1 ()
()
(. . Benveniste, 1987
Burrage et al., 1990 Middlehurst Kennie, 1997 Freidson, 2001 Snoek, 2010 Brante,
2011).
1.2
,
()
, , ,
,
.
, , ,
.
.
, ,
- ,
, ,
.
26
,
, ,
,
.
,
,
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,
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,
, .
, ,
- (competence) ,
,
(Siegrist, 2002).
1
(, )
:
( ),
.
, .
( ).
.
,
,
27
.
, .
, .
.
()
( ).
2.
,
status.
2.1
,
.
(Halliday, 1987 Brante, 2011). ,
, Abbott (1988),
Freidson (2001) Larson (2013).
2.1.1
,
,
, (abstract knowledge) (Larson, 2013
Abbott, 1988 Timmermans, 2008)
(expertise).
,
-
28
(Abbott, 1988). ,
(Wilensky,
1964),
(Jhanesson, 1996),
, status
(Bourdieu
Wacquant,
1992).
, Abbott (1988),
,
, , (Abbott, 1988).
,
(ibid).
,
. ,
,
(Abbott, 1988). ,
(Brante, 2011).
Schn (1983)3 ,
. , :
.
,
,
.
Schn (1983) -
:
1)
.
2)
.
3)
,
.
3
29
2.1.2
Freidson (2001)
,
, ,
.
(Brante, 2011).
Moore (1970)
.
(Schn, 1983).
1.
-
2.1.3
,
,
(Murphy, 1988). ,
,
.
(Larson, 2013)
(Goode, 1969).
Abbott (1988) (
) ,
. ,
(Abbott, 1988).
30
Larson (2013) , ,
,
,
-
. ,
Larson ,
. -
,
(Larson, 2013). , Larson (2013)
,
.
Jamous Pelloile (1970)
, ,
.
2.2
,
.
Larson (2013)
,
-:
, , ,
.
, .
,
.
31
2.3
.
2.3.1
Eraut (1994)
,
4, :
(personal knowledge),
(tacit knowledge),
(process knowledge)
(know-how),
(. Carr, 2000).
, Eraut
, Jamous Pelloile (1970)
,
.
( )
-, ,
, .. (Eraut, 1994),
,
(expertise:
).
(Larson, 2013). ,
, ,
. ,
(Kemmis, 2010).
4
32
. , , ,
(Eraut, 1994). ,
, .
(Atkinson, 1984 Light,
1979).
2.3.2
(Halliday, 1987
Merryman, 1985).
,
,
, .
, () ,
(Halliday, 1987).
Halliday ,
,
, .
Freidson (2001)
,
.
.
2
,
,
,
,
.
,
33
. ,
, , ,
,
, .
,
, ,
.
3.
.
.
3.1
Morris .. (2006)
.
,
(
) .
, Larson (2013) Morris .. (2006)
,
. , ( ),
.
34
,
.
, ( )
,
(Morris et
al., 2006). ,
,
( ,
, - ..).
3.2 :
( )
, (. Freidson,
2001). Weber (1978)
. ,
(Larson, 2013). ,
.
, ,
(Berg, 1971),
(Berg, 1971).
.
. ,
.
,
(Nowlen, 1988). ,
35
. ,
,
. ,
, ,
(Davis, 2009).
,
.
,
, 5 (Davis,
2009).
4. , ,
,
. ,
,
,
.
,
.
4.1
. :
, , ,
,
, ,
.
36
(Freidson, 2001),
,
(Brante, 2011).
,
(Larson, 2013). ,
Larson, ,
.
,
(Larson, 2013).
,
,
( ) (Abel, 1988). Freidson (2001)
numerum clausum
.
-
(
) (Abel, 1988 Lunt, 2008)
(, 2006). Parsons (1954)
, .
,
.
,
.
.
, .
,
(Freidson, 2001).
37
4.2
6:
,
,
.
,
(Johnson, 1972).
(Berlant, 1975). Larson (2013)
.
:
)
, ,
.
. ,
, (Goode, 1957).
4.3 :
,
. ,
,
, ,
(Starr, 1984). , status
.
6
38
(Engel,
1970).
,
, .
,
,
.
,
(Hackman and Oldham, 1975).
Freidson (1988)
, , ,
.
Evetts (2002)
. , (Hall, 1968)
(Schutzenhofer, 1987).
4.4
,
, ,
-
(Starratt, 2003). ,
(-),
,
(Lunt, 2008 Brante, 2011).
,
--,
(Carr,
2000). , -
,
39
(Starratt, 2003). ,
,
(Freidson, 2001 , 2006).
, , ,
,
.
(Caplow, 1954 Wilensky, 1964),
.
4.5
. , Freidson (2001)
,
(status) , .
O Jarausch (1990)
, Lindblom (1977)
.
(Brint, 1994) -
(Freidson, 2001).
-status ,
(Freidson, 2001). , ,
(Freidson, 2001)
, .
40
2.
,
,
,
-
,
,
.
.
, ,
,
.
.
41
, ,
, , , .
,
.
,
.
(
/ ), , ,
.
, ,
.
42
1253 -
3. .
43
44
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
-
.
45
1.
,
,
,
,
.
1.1
(. Parsons, 1954 Abbott, 1988 Freidson,
2001 Larson, 2013 Hall, 1968 1975).
:
,
(, 2009),
, :
()
46
1.2
2.
,
, (Wilensky,
1964 Etzioni, 1969 Evetts, 2004 Roberts and Donahue, 2000).
(discretion),
,
(, 2009). ,
Weber
(Weber, 1930),
,
(. Sitkin Sutcliffe, 1991).
Weber
,
47
,
, ,
.
Hall (1968 1975)
,
.
Jamous Pelloile (1970) , ,
,
,
. ,
. ,
, Weber (1930)
, .
,
, ,
. Gouldner (1957 1958),
(professional
bureaucracy)
-,
,
.
,
, .
,
.
, , Gouldner (1950)
.
, ,
.
48
1.3
Gouldner (1957 1958)
(, ..),
.
(cosmopolitans),
(locals).
.
(proletarianization) (Oppenheimer, 1973
Derber, 1982 Murphy, 1990),
.
Johnson (1972) ,
, , , .
,
, (Macdonald, 1995),
,
(Freidson, 2001). ,
(Derber
Schwartz, 1991).
1.4 :
Abbott (1988) Bourjeault .. (2011) ,
, Larson (2013)
. , ,
,
.
49
(DiMaggio Powell, 1991),
(Zucker, 1991),
(Oliver, 1997),
-
( , ..) (Gagan, 1998)
(Wilensky,
1964).
, :
(Larson, 2013),
(Waters, 1989),
(Edwards, 2010),
2.
.
,
.
50
2.1
,
- , (Schn, 1983
Middlehurst Kennie, 1997 Quicke, 2000 Fook, 2000 Scanlon, 2011).
,
.
-
(
)
(. Quicke, 2000).
, ,
(Fook, 2000). Bernstein
(2000) :
(inwardness)
, ,
.
2.1.1
,
, ,
,
. Schn (1983)
,
. ,
51
.
-
,
(Fook, 2000).
(Pfadenhauer, 2006)
,
.
,
.
(Fook, 2000).
competence
competency,
.
.
2.1.2
--
, . ,
,
- . Nowotny
(2000)
. , ,
,
(know-how) .
(Pfadenhauer, 2006)
52
(Pfadenhauer, 2006). ,
,
(Abbott, 1988).
, ,
.
2.1.3
Bernstein (1996) ,
(genericism),
.
, ,
.
(key skills), (core skills), (thinking skills).
- .
, ,
-
.
2.2
,
(Strathern, 2000).
,
,
,
.
, ,
,
,
(Miller
and Rose, 1991).
,
53
.
. ,
( )
,
(Whitty, 2008).
3.
. , :
,
,
-,
.
3.1
Middlehurst
Kennie
(1997)
.
,
.
, /
.
54
,
.
3.2
, (Sachs,
2003):
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
3.2 -
Middlehurst Kennie
Cruess Cruess (2008)
(Stevens, 2001). -
,
(Middlehurst Kennie, 1997).
Schn (1983)
- (
)
( -
,
).
55
3.3
, ,
,
(Hugman, 1991).
,
(Dryzek, 2000)
o-
(Bohman, 2002).
- .
(Djur, 2008). ,
, (Quicke, 2000):
,
,
.
, :
56
,
(Quicke, 1992) ,
,
.
,
.
- .
57
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, , .
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