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Topic 1: Identify and Form Quadratic Equations

Basic Definition of Quadratic Equation:


An equation in single variable is called quadratic equation if following conditions are
met:Highest degree of variable x is 2.
Coefficient of x2 is non zero real number
There are no negative powers of x when equation is written in standard form of ax 2
+ bx +c
Forming Quadratic Equations:
To form quadratic equation in a variable x, we need to
i.
ii.
iii.

See what variable x represents


What are the conditions on variable x
Represent conditions given using variable x

For example,

Conditio
Conditio
[Raju and Rajender together have 45 marbles]. [Both of them lost 5 marbles each].
[The product of the number of marbles now they have is 124]. We would like to find
out how many marbles they hadConditio
previously.
Step 1: See what variables represent
i.
ii.

Number of marbles Raju has (Say x)


Number of marbles Rajender has (Say y)

Representing conditions using variables


Condition 1: x + y = 45
Condition 2: Number of marbles with Raju is x 5
Number of marbles with Rajender is y 5
Condition 3: (x 5)(y 5) = 124
From above relations, (x 5) (40 x) = 124
40x x2 200 + 5x = 124
X2 45x + 324 = 0
which is the required quadratic equation.

Topic 2: Solving Quadratic Equations by method of factorization


x = is called solution is Quadratic Equations ax 2 + bx + c if a2 + b + c = 0.
To solve a quadratic equation is to find different values of x for which ax 2 + bx + c =
0.
Factorization is one of the many methods of solving quadratic equations.
In factorization, Quadratic Equation is simplified into two linear factors as follows:To simplify ax2 + bx + c into two linear factors,
find two numbers p and q such that
p+q=b

and

pxq=axc

Rewrite the quadratic equation as


ax2 + px + qx + pq/a = 0
x [p + ax] + q[p/a +x] = 0
x[p + ax] + q/a[p + ax] = 0
(ax + q) (ax + p) = 0
At least one of the above two linear factors must be zero.
Therefore, the solutions of quadratic equation are given by
ax + q = 0 or ax + p = 0
x = -q/a

or x = -p/a

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