Live Load Distribution Introduction || Identify the Behavior of Bridges Under Load ¥ Understand the Effect of Various Parameters on Load Distribution Present Empirical Design Equations Present a Worked Example What is Load Distribution? ‘Determine How Much Bending/Shear is Resisted by the Most Heavily Loaded Load Distribution Mechanisms ‘@Flexure, Torsion and Shear ‘@Distortion of Loaded Members “Drags” Other Members. Key Variables Beam Spacing ‘Beam Stiffness 1 Area, Fexural Inert, Torsional Sufness ‘@Slab Thickness & Effective Span ‘Beam Span Length ‘Continuity ‘@Restraint at Bearings Influence Functions for Load ,Distribution,Load Distribution Schematic AASHTO LRFD Approach | ‘@Level 3 Analysis: ‘= Complex finite element analysis ‘@Level 2 Analysis, ' Graphical methods (Le. influence surfaces) ‘or simpler computer models ‘@Level 1 Analysis: ‘= Empirical formulas (A 4.6.2.2.2) sed inthis les _LRFD Distribution Factors ‘Developed During NCHRP 12-26 Objective ' Consider all possible relevant variables 1 Present “simple” formulas that are well correlated to Level 3 methods ‘@Distribution Factors were Developed by ‘Analyzing Approximately 850 Bridges LRFD Distribution Factors || @Condusions | + Nest important variable I sil beam spacing 1 Separate equations required for moment and shear 1 Separate equations for interior and exterior Entre depend on ner of aed aes + Shear & Moment are corected due to skew 1 fet of contuty were eventual dsregarded _LRFD DF’s for Interior I- Beams “Moment Equations mag canbe ened (Fs) freien de Definition of ,LRFD DF's for Interior I-Beams ] | @shear Equations = Single Lane Loaded s 036+ 5 7600 ‘Two oF More Design Lanes Loaded on 5 -( 3600 (10700, __LRFD DF's for Exterior I-Beams — | Moment @ Shear Level Rule for Exterior Beams ee Influence of Skew ‘Skew Tends to Increase Shear at Obtuse Corners and Decrease Longitudinal Moments LRFD Skew Correction Factors | ‘Moment (anywhere in the bridge) ental ‘@Shear (Code says applies only at ‘abutments but interpretation varies)