Basic integration formulas and substitution techniques

EXERCISE 9.
1.
BASIC INTEGRATION FORMULAS
6 2 4 + 5
=
6 3
3
4 2
2
7.
+ 5 +
= Factor, (x-c), c = 2
P(c) = 0 the (x-c ) is the factor
P(c) = 0
2 1 0 0 -8
2 4 8
12 4 0
= + +
3.
( 1)
=
5.
( 2 +2+4)(2)
(2)
= ( 2 + 2 + 4)

3
2
3 8
9.
2 2 +43
3
3
2 2
2
+ 4 +
+ +
4 2 3 + 2
2
2+
= 2 +
= 2 + 4
3
2
3 1
= + +
= 2 2 3 +
DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy
EXERCISE 9.2
1.
INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION
2 3
(2+3)
2 +3+4
5.
Let u = 2 - 3x = 3
Let u = 2 + 3 + 4 = 2 + 3
=
3
= (2 + 3)
1
2
( 3 )
1
=
3
= +
1
2
= + + +
1 2 2
3
= 3
2
( 3 1)4
7.
+
Let u = 3 1 = 3 2
4
3. (2 1)
Let u = 2 3 1
= 2
3
3
4
= 6 2
1
3
= 2
6
1 3
3 3
3
9
4
+
2 (2 3 1)4
( )( )
6
= () +
1
(4 )
6
1 5
+
6 5
= 30 +
=
( )
+
EXERCISE 9.2
13. cos4 sin
9.
Let u = =
= 4
1
( )
2
= - 4
5
5
1
1
= sin
= sin
Let u = cos
+
+
= +
15.
11.
Let u = 3
Let u = =
1
1
= (
=
=3
=
3
Let v = 1
1 + 2 sin 3 3
1 + 2 sin ( 3 )
1
3
1 + 2 sin
Let v =1 + 2 sin
1
= +
=1
; =
= ln| 1| ln| | +
= ln
(1 )
= 2 ;
1 + 2 sin 3 3
1
1
[
3
1 2 2
6 3
(+)
2 ( 2 )]
3
= +
EXERCISE 9.2
2
`
+
17.
3 2 +14+14
+4
21.
()
()
Let u = +
* using synthetic division
= 2
()
-4 3 14 13
1
=
sin
= +
-12 -8
3 2 5 - R(x)
+ +
= 3 + 2
+ 4 = ()
5
+4
= (3 + 2) +
For the second integral :

2
19.
3 3
= + 4
Let u = 3
= 3 2 3 ;
1
2
1
[ 3
3
3 2
2
1
3
( )
]+
= 1 ; =
= (3 + 2) + 5
=[
(3)
3
2 2
= 2 3
+ 2 + 5 + ]
+ +
( + ) +
2tan 3 2
3
EXERCISE 9.2
5 2 3 2
2 +1
23.
3 3
2 + 1 5 2 3 2
5 + 3
3 3 2
3 3 3
()
dx =
()
= 3 3 +
4
=4
3 2
+
2
()
()
2 +1
2 +1
For the 2nd term

Let u = x2+1
= 2
=
2
4
=4
3 2
2
+ + +
EXERCISE 9.3
1.
INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
55
= 5
=5
cos 3 1+
.
1 1+
7.
=
(cos 3 ) 1+
(1 )(1+ )
(co s 3 +cos 3 )
1sin 2
cos 3 1+
cos 3
= 5
1
=5
= 1 +
= +
=
+
2
3.
= ; =
= +
= +
2
2
= +
+
+
= + +
9.
1 + 2
= (1 + 2 + tan2 )
5.
1
2
; Let u= 2
1
2
sin cot
=
=2
=2
=2
1
2
2 =
= [2 + (1 + tan2 )]
= 2 +
sec 2
= 2 || + +
= || + +
(
1
()
= 2
= + +
EXERCISE 9.3
INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
6
cos 2 3
11.
Let u = 3x ; 2u = 6x
=3 ;
=
=
cos 2
2
3
4 sin 2 2
2 2
15.
(4 )( )
2 2
2
2
2
2
= +
2
2 2
1
2
2
(2 )
=2
= + +
Let u = 2x
= 3
13.
3 3
17.
Let u = 3x
=
= + +
=3
=3 +
= +
EXERCISE 9.4
1.
2 dx
INTEGRATION OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
= 2 ;
= 2 ;
=
2
= (
=
1
2
2
)
3
= 3
= ( ) +
4 4
2
3
1
4
1
4
1
=4
532
= 5 (
= 3 2 ;
= ;
= cos ; =
2 +
7.
= 4 ;
=4;
=
4
(
= 2 +
3 2
;
=
2
3
=
= (
)
2
= 2 +
3.
3 = 2
5.
= 2 ;
=
)
2
= 2 5
1 532
5
= 2
=
+
3 2
9.
= ()
= 6
= +
EXERCISE 9.5
1.
INTEGRATION OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
3 1
5.
Let u = 3 1
= ;
= 3 ; =
=
1
3
1

3
= +
( 3 )
=
; =
=
() +

+c
7.
2 2
1
Let u = 2 ;
1
2
; 2 =
= 2
3.
2 1 2
= 2( + )
Let u=1 2
= +
= -2
=
2
= 2 (
=
1
2
)
2
= 2 ( + )
=
EXERCISE 9.6
APPLICATION OF INDEFINITE INTEGRATION
1. Given slope 3 2 + 4
= 3 2 + 4
= 3 2 + 4
= + +
+1
1
+ 1
=
1
=
2
2 2 =
ln
1
=
4
ln 1
1
=
4
1
4
ln
1 =
2
2
through 1,4
1
= +
4
+ 4 +
3. Given slope
2
,
2
=
3 2 + 4
=
3 3
3
7. Given slope
+ 1
++ 2
1
1
+ = 0 4
4 ln 4 + = 0
+ =
2 2 = 2 + 2 + 2
+ + + =
1
5. Given slope
1
=

2 =
=
2
2
9. Given slope , through 1,1
ln 2
2
+ 2
= +
1
2
=+
1
=+
When = 1 , = 1
2 1 =1+ ; =1
2
=+
= +
10
EXERCISE 9.6
11. Given slope 2 , through 1,2
v = -32t + vo
1
= 2

when t = 1 sec, s=h=48ft
1
= +
h=-16t2+ vot + c1
48 = -16(1)2 + vo(1) + c2
64 - vo = c2
When t = 0, s = 0, c2 = 0
1
2= +
1
s = -16t2 + vot
2 = 1 +
when t = 1 sec, s = 48
=3
s = -16t2 + c1t
1
= +3 x
= 1 + 3
+ =
c1=64
s=-16t2 + 64t
v = -32t + 64
@ max, v = 0
13.
a=-32 ft/sec2
a=-2
0 = -32t + 64
32t=64
t = 2 sec
= 32
48 = -16(1)2 + c1(1)
s = -16t2 + 64t
32
s = -16(2)2 + 64(2)
s = 64ft
v=-32t+c
= 32 + 1
(32 + 1 )
s=16t2 + c1t + c2
when t = 0, v = vo
v=-32t + c1
vo= -32(0) + c1
vo =c1
11
EXERCISE 9.6
15.
a = 32ft/sec2
a = 32
= 32
32
v = 32t + c1
= 32 + 1
32 + 1
S = 16t2 + c1 + c2
when t = 0, v = 0
c1 = 0
v = 32t
when t = 0 , s = 0
c2 = 0
s = 16t2
400
16
20
4
t = 5 sec
v = vt
*since it is a free falling body, its velocity is ( - )
vt = -32t
vt = -32(5)
vt = -160 ft/sec
12
EXERCISE 10.1
PRODUCT OF SINES AND COSINES
1. sin 5 sin
=
5. cos 3 2 cos +
1
= [cos + + cos
( )]
2
2 sin sin
= 3 2
= [cos cos( + )]
= 5
=+
1
= [cos 5 cos
(5 + )]
2
1
= [cos 4 cos 6]
2
=
=
1
sin 6
6
+ = 3 2 + +
= 4
1
= [ cos 4 cos 6
2
1 1
[ sin 4
2 4
= 3 2 +
= 2 3
1
= [cos 4 + cos(2 3)]
2
]+
cos 4 = cos 4 + 4
= 4
cos 2 3 = cos 2 3 + sin 2 3
= cos 2
3. sin 9 3 cos + 5
1
= [sin 9x 3 + x + 5 + sin 9 3 5
2
1
= [sin 5 + 2 + sin(3 8)]
2
= 5 + 2
=5
=
5
1
= 2 [ cos
=
1
5
1
2
= (cos 4 cos 2)
1
= 2 [ 4 sin 4 2 sin 2] +
= +
; = 3 8
;
=3
;
=
3
3 ] +
+ +
13
EXERCISE 10.1
7.
PRODUCT OF SINES AND COSINES
4 8 3
= 2[sin 8 + 3 + 8 3
5
= [cos cos
( + )]
2
= 2[11 + sin 5]
= 4 +
= 11 ; = 5
= 11 ;
=5
= ;
11
=
5
= 2[ 11 cos 11 5 cos 5 ] +
=
9. 5 4 + 3 2 6
= 4 + 3 2 6
= 2 + /2
= 2
6
+ = 4 + 3 + 2 6
= 6 + /6
= [ 2 +
6 + ]
2
2
6
cos 2 + 2
= cos 2
= 2
cos 6 +
sin 2 sin
2
2
6
6
6
3
1
=
6 6
2
2
= 6
5
3
1
= [ 2
6 + 6 ]
2
2
2
5 1
2 2
12
= [ 2
1
12
6 +
14
EXERCISE 10.2
POWER OF SINES AND COSINES
1. 3 4 ;
=
=
1 5 7
+
3 5
7
1 5
15
4 4
(1 2 )2 4
(1 2 2 + 4 ) 4
( 4 2 6 + 8 )
21 7 +
5.
4 2
Let u = cosx
(2 )2 2
1 2 2 1 + 2
(
)
2
2
- =
=
= - (4 26 + 8 )
=
=
2 6
7
5
5
9
9
3. 4 3 3 3 ;
=
3 33
1
1
1
1 2
( 2 + 2 2) +
4
2
4
2
2
1
8
1 22 + 2 2 1 + 2
1
(1 22 + 2 + 2 2 2 2 + 3 2)
8
1
8
4 3 1 2 3 3
(4 3 6 3)3
( 2 2 1 + 2
1
(1 2 2 2 + 3 2)
8
=
=
1
4
1 22 +
1
8
2 2 +
3 2
[ 2 ( + 4 + 2 3 2]
Let u = sin3x
= 33 ;
( 4 6 )
= 3
3
15
EXERCISE 10.2
POWER OF SINES AND COSINES
7. ( + )2dx
=
( + 2 + 2 )
+ 2
+ 2 2 + (
2 +
1
1+2
)
2
Let u = sinx
2 2 2
1 2 2 2
= 2
= - + 2
2 3
2
3
1
+
2
1
2
+2+
= - + + +
2
4
+ +
7 2
7 2
7 1 2
7 9 u=sinx du=cosxdx
7 9
2 2
= 2 2 6 5 5 + 2 + 8 4 +
32 +
= 2 3 + 232 + 2 2
1
2
9. (3 + 2)2
= 2 3 + 2
3
3
; = 22
=
+ 2
1 2
3 2
+ +
=
=
8 10
+
8
10
11. 2 4
1 + 8
=
1
=2
=
1 + 8

+
+
16
EXERCISE 10.3
POWER OF TANGENTS AND SECANTS
1. 2 2 4 2
5. ____ 2 . = 3
= 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 2 2(1 + 2 2) 2 2
= 2 2 2 + 1
2
2
2
= (2 2 + 4 2) 2 2
1 3
2 3
= 2 (2 )
2
2
(2 + 4 )
5
5
2 + +
= 2 ( 2 1)
2
2
= (2 + 4 )( 2 )
=
= 2 2 2
2
2
2
= 2 2
2
1
2
= 2 2 ( 2 1)
2
2
2
= 2 2 2
= 2 ;
= 4 dx
= , " "
7. ( + )2
3.
6 ;
= ( 2 + 2 + 2 )
= + 2 + 2
= 2 4 2
1
= + 2 + ( 2 1)
= + 2 + +
= 2 (1 + 2 )2 2
= 2 (1 + 22 + 4 ) 2
1
2
5
2
= + +
9
2
= ( + 2 + )
= ;
1
= 2 ; = 2
= (2 + 22 + 2 )
3
4 2
+ 7
11
2 2
3
22
11
+
17
EXERCISE 10.3
POWER OF TANGENTS AND SECANTS
9. ( 3 )4
4 3
4 3
= 3 2
= 4 34 3
= 2 2
= 2 3 2 34 3
= ( 2 1) 2
= 2 3(1 + 2 3)4 3
= (4 3 + 2 3) 2 3
= 3 ;
= 3 2 3
= 2 3
3
2
3
1 3 3
3
3
=
1
2 2
3
22 +
1 3
3
= ;
1 3
3
= ( 2 2 )
= (2 2 )
=3 (4 + 2 )
=3
11.
18
EXERCISE 10.4
POWER OF COTANGENTS AND COSECANTS
1. 4 4
= 4 (1 + 2 ) 2
= 2 3 2 3 2 3
= ( 4 + 6 ) 2
= ;
= 2 3 1 + 2 3 2 3
= 2 ; = 2
= (4 + 6 )
=-
5
5
= -
3.
7
7

= 3 2 3
5 4
= 3 4 2 4
3
= 2 3 + 2 3 2 3
= 3
+c

+
+
3 4 3
5.
= 4( 4 1)
= 2 3
3
1
3
1
3
2 + 2
3
2
3
2
2
7
2
=
+
= ( 3 4 2 4 3 4)
= [ 3 4 2 4 ( 2 4 1)4]
=
3 42 4 42 4 4
= 4 ;
1
= 2 4
4
= 4 3 4 + 4 (4)
1 4
= 4
2
2
1
4
+ 4 +
+ +
19
EXERCISE 10.4
POWER OF COTANGENTS AND COSECANTS
7.
5 2
8 2
5 2
5 2
5 2 3 2 \
4 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 1
1
3 2
2 2 2 2
4 2 2 2 2 + 1 2 2 2 2
6 2 2 4 2 + 2 2 2 2
= 2
1
2
6 24 + 2
1 7
2 7
6 2 2
6 1 + 2 2
6 + 4 2
: =
= 2
= 1
= 2 2
2
2 5
5
4
6
= 2
()
= 2 2 2
9.
3
3
6 + 4
= 1
=
5
5
5 3
+
5
3
3
3

=
+
+
20
EXERCISE 10.5
1.
TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS
3.
4 2
= ; = 2 ; 22 2
= 3
=
2
= 2
= 2
=2
=
=
=
3 = 2
2
3
= ; =
3
2
2
4 2
2
= 2
3
4 2
2
2
=4
1 2
2

1
2
9 2 + 4
2
2
3
2 ]2 + C
9 2 + 4
2 =
2 + ; = ( )
2
2
= 2[
9 2 + 4
2
=4
=2
9 2 +4
2
2
3
=
1
=
2
1
2
1
2
1
[-|
2
+ |] +
21
EXERCISE 10.5
5.
2
3
9 2 2
7.
9 2
3
=
2
= 3
= 3
=
=
= 1 ( )
(3)2 3
9 (3)2 3
92
1 2
=
=
2
(1 2 )
2
2
3
=
2
2
=
3
= ; 2 = 3
= ; =3
= 3 ; = 2
2 3
9 2
94 2
3
2
3 ( )
3
2
( )2
3 (3 )
3
2
2( )2
9 2
2(
9
)
4 2
=
=
22
EXERCISE 10.5
2 +4 2
9.
= 2 ;
11.
; : = , = 2
2 9
= 3 ; =
=
2
=
= 3 ; = 3
= ; =
3
3
= 2 2 ; = 2
2 + 4
x
2 9
2
2 + 4
2
2 + 4
2 =
4 2 = 2 + 4
=
2
4 2 2
2 2
=
16 4
=
1
8
1
8
1 + 2
1
8
1
+
2
1 1
=8
=
1
=
2
8
8
=
=
2 9
; 3 =
3
2 9
2 9
3
3(3)
+ 4 (2) +
+
+
23
EXERCISE 10.5
2 16 2
. (
)
3
= ; = 4
5 12 + 4 2 = 2 9 4
= ; = 4 ; =
= ; 2 3 = 2
2 3 = 2 ; 2 = 2 + 3
3 = 64 sec 3 ; = 4
2 16
; 4 =
4
2 16
=4
=4
2 = 2
=
=
5 12 + 4 2
= 2 ; = 2 3
=
4
2 3
( 4 (4))
(64sec3 )
2 3
2
tan4
sec^2
(sec 2 1)^2
sec 2
2 =
2 3
2
2 3
2
2 3
=4
sec 4 2 sec 2 + 1
sec 2
()
22
=4
sec 4 2 sec 2 + 1
sec 2
1
4
=4
sec 2 2 + 1/ sec 2
1
4
= 4( 2 + 2 +
=
1
4
= ; =

+
+
4
2
23
2
24
EXERCISE 10.6
ADDITIONAL STANDARD FORMULAS
+ 25
36 9 2
Let: =
Let: = 6
=5
= 3
=
3
1 4
1 3
1
3
36 9 2 + 8
+
3 2
3
6
1 3
2
Let: = 2
36 9 2 + 3 8 2 +
=3
+ +
=1
=
2
1
2
= +
2
1
Let: = 5
= +
16 2 + 25
= 4
=
4
49 25 2
Let: = 7
1 4
4
16 2 + 25 +
1 52
4
4 + 16 2 + 25 +
+ +
+ + +
= 5
25
EXERCISE 10.7
INTEGRANDS INVOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
2 3+2
1.
2 2
1 2
3 = 2
2 3 =
3
2
9
9
= 2 +
4
4
2
1
1
2
+
2
2
+
1
2
1
4
1
2
+ 2
3
=
2
=
1
1
= , =
2
2
4
3 2
)
2
+4
= +
2
1
4
2 + 1
3 1
2 2
3 1
+
2 2
1
2
1
2
3 2 2
4 +1
= + 1, = 2
2
=
=
+1
2
2
2
=
+ +
3 2 2 + 2
+1
2
+
+
+
+
26
EXERCISE 10.7
.
8 + 7
23
4 2 1
11.
2
4 2 1
Completing the square
2 8 = 7
=2
2 8 + 16 = 7 + 16
4
=9
9=0
4 2 1
4 2 1
= 4 2 1 ;
=2
( 4)2 + 9
3
4 2 1
3[2
=
8
4 2 1
4 2 +1
+ ]
= 3 ; = 4
=
=
+
2
+
1
= 6
=
43
4+3
(2+7)
2 +2+5
13.
2+2 +5
2 +2+5
2+2
2 +2+5
+5
(+1)2 +4
= 2 + 2 + 5 ; = (22)
=
3+2
2 +9
9.
=
=3
2
2 +9
+
2 +9
+ 2
+1
2
3
+
2 +9
| + + | +
+
+
2 +9
= 2 + 9 ; = 2
1
= 33 3 + 2
= + + +
27
EXERCISE 10.7
(3)
15.
=
=

19.
4 2
2 1
=2
4 2
2
4 2
=
=
4 2
2(2)
2 4 2
17
2
2 4+20
2 4 + 20 = 2
4 2
; =
2 4 2
= 2[
; 4 2 = 4 (2 )2
17
2
+ 16
]
2 2 +16
= 2[ 2 4 + 20 +
17 1
2
( )Arctan 4
2 4
= + +
4(2)2
Arctan
+
+ ]
+3
17.
8 2
4 +7
8 2
4
8 2
=
=
=
2+4
2 4+20
2(2+4+17)
2 4+20
= 2 4 + 20 ; = (2 4)
(4+9)
2 4+20
+7
8 2
8 2 ; =
2( 4)
2 8
8 2
2 8 2
; 8 2
16 (4 )2
= + 7
16(4)2
= - +
28
EXERCISE 10.8
ALGEBRAIC SUBSTITUTION
1.
2
3 2
=3
9 6 10 4
30
( )
=
+
=3
3 6 4
=
+
10
3
2
3
= 1
=
5.
=3
+2
= 3 | 1 | +
= +2
4 = + 2
= 2 4
= 4 3
= | | +
+2 2
= 3 +
= 4
3
3 2
= 4
( 3 4
3.
3
4
= 1
4 2
12
= +1
= 1211
5
=3
( 4 3 ) 11
8
= 3 ( 9 8 )
= 3[ 9
8 ]
= 4
+ 1
= 4[
= 4[ + +
= [ + + ]
10
= 3[
+ ]
10
9
=
310 9
+
10
3
29
EXERCISE 10.8
7.
4 + ;
9. + 4 3
= +4
=(4+ )1/2
12
( 2 4)2= = 4 3 16
4 3 16
4 4 16 2
=4
5
3
16
+
5
3
4
(4 +
5
= 4+
= 4+
= 4+
)5/2
4
4+
5
3
2
3
2
3
2
4
15
4+
16
(4 +
3
; 3 = + 4
= 3 4 ; = 3 3
2 4 = 4 8 2 + 16 =
=
1
3
3 4 3 2
6 4
=3
4
3 3
=
3 3 +
7
3 +4
=
7
)3/2+C
7
3
3 +4
4
3
16
+
3
12 4 + 80
+
15
3 +4 3
7
+47 +
1
3
+ 4 =
48 + 12 80
+
15
3
2
12 + 3 20 +
+
30
EXERCISE 10.8
11.
4 2+1
12
= 2 + 1 ; 2 = 2 + 1
2 1
2 = 2 1 ; =
; =
2
=
=
=
=
=
x 5 4 + x 3 dx
4 + 32 = 4 + 3 ; =
1
4 2
3
4
12
2 1
2
=2
2 2
= 2 2 2 +
2
2
1
= + +
21 2
2+1+ 2

+ +
2
3
4 2
()
1
3
1 2 5 8 3
+
3 5
3
2 5 8 3
+
15
9
2
3 4 2
2
3
8 2 + 2 4
3
2 1
2 2
3 4 2
4 2 2
3
4 2
2 2
4 2
1+
2 2
1
2 4 8 2
4 + 3 40 4 3
+
45
4 + 3 6 4 + 3 40
+
45
4 + 3 24 + 6 3 40
+
45
=
=
4 2
5 4 + 3
4 2
2 2
2
3
4+ 3 16+6 3
45
+
+
31
EXERCISE 10.8
15. 3 (4 + 2 )2
17.
3+1
=2
2
= ; = 2
2 = 4 + 2
= 3
X = 4 2
= 2 ( 1)
1
dx = 2 4 2 2 (-2zdz)
= . = =
= 2 1
1
(4 2 )2
= 1 2
= (4 2 )( 3 )()
=
=
=
2 + 1 = 2 + 1 = &
= 1
Z = 4 + 2
=-
4 2 +1
4 4 + 6
3
3
4 5 7
+ +
5
7
28 5 + 5 7
+
35
28( 4+ 2 )5 +5( 4+ 2 )7
+C
35
3
3
+
+
=
=
4 + 2 (28 + 5(4 + 2 )
+
35
4+ 2
(28+20+5 2 )
35
( )
32
EXERCISE 10.8
. (
=
2 (81 +
1
1
; = 2
1
2
81 +
=
1
3
4
1
4
1/ 4
( 2 1) 3
= 81 4 + 1 ; = 324 3
1
81
81 4 + 1
1
324
1
,
2
2 1 3
3
( 3 )1/3
1
4
2
81 4 +1
6
21.
)
2
2 1 3
= 2 1
4
81 4 + 1
1
4
1
2
3
4
+
=
+
1 3
2 ( 4 )+c
3
3 2
1
8
3
= 8
1
2
4
3
4
3
+
+
3 1-x2 3
8 x2 +c
33
EXERCISE 10.9
INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS OF SINES AND COSINES
1+
1.
=
+ + 3
2
1+ 2
2
1 2
+
+3
1+ 2 1+ 2
1+ 2
1 2
1+ 2
1+
1+ 2
1+ 2 + 1 2
1+ 2
2
1 2
+2
+2
2
2
= + =
+
7
7
4+2
1+ 2
2
1+ 2
1
2+1
7
7
4+2
1+ 2
1 2
2
= 2
3
2
+2
3
2
= +
2
+
1+ 2
=
2
=2
1 2
=
+
4+4 2 + 4
1+ 2
2
1
3
; : = + ; =
4 2 + 4 + 4
2
2
=2
4
4+
1+ 2
7
4
= +
3.
7
1
=
,
+
2 + 2
2
2
=2
= +
1+22 2 +3+3 2
1+ 2
2
=
4 + 2 + 2 2
2
2
1+ 2
1+22 2
+3
1+ 2
1+ 2
+ =
1
3
2+1
3
= 2
1 + 2 2
.
1 2 1 + 2
2
= 1, =
2
+ =
1+
1
+
=
+ =
+
34
EXERCISE 10.10
INTEGRATION BY PARTS
1. =
; =
=
=
=
= + +
3. 2 ; = 2
= ; = 2
= -
= 2 ;
; =
; = 22 ; = -
= - 2 2 2
= - 2 2 2
= - 2 2[- 2
- 22
= - 2 + 2 2 4 2
4 2
=
2 2 2
5
5. 2 ; = ; = 2
2
= ; = 1+ 2
2
1+4 2
= 2
= 2 2
1
1+4 2
= 2 4
= + +
35
EXERCISE 10.10
7. 3 ; = 2 ; =
=
2 1
= + 3 ;
2 3 = + +
3 =
+ + +
9. 2 2 ; = 2
=
1
=
=
2
2
+ 8 4
=
1
+ 8 4 (2 + 8 4)
1
8
1
4
+ 4 2 +
1
4
32
= + + +
11.
1 2
1 2
= - 1 2
=
=
= - 1 2 (- 1 2 )(
1 2
1 2
= - 1 2 +
= +
36
EXERCISE 10.10
13. 1 + ;
= 1 +
=
1
1+
2
1+
= - 1 + +
1 2
1+
= - |1 + | +
= - 1 + +
= - 1 + + + +
= + + + +
15.

(+1)2
=
= + 1
=-
+1
+ =
= (+1)2
=-
1 3

3
+ (3
1 3

3
1 3

3
;
1
=3
1
3
1 2
3 1 2
9
1 2 2+ 2
3
1 2
1 2
= 2 ; =
3
3
1
+1
+
+
17. 2 ; = ; =
3
3
)+
9
+
+
; = 1 ; = ; = ; = ;
1 2 =
3
()
= 3 2
= ( +

)+
37
EXERCISE 10.11
INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
12+18
+2 +4 (1)
1.
12 + 18
=
+
+
+ 2 + 4 ( 1) ( + 2) ( + 4) ( 1)
12 + 18 = + 4 1 + + 2 1 + + 2 ( + 4)
12 + 18 = ( 2 + 3 4) + 2 + 2 + ( 2 + 6 + 8)
12 + 18 = 2 + 3 4 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 6 + 8
2 + 2 + 2 = 0
3 + + 6 = 12
4 + + 8 = 18
=1
= 3
=2
+
(+2)
3
+
(+4)
2
(1)
= + + +
3.
1=
1 (4)
+
( 1) ( 4)
1 = 4 + ( 1)
1 = 4 +
1
3
( 1)
1
3
( 4)
+ =0
4 = 1
=
1
=
3
= 3 1 + 3 4 +
+C
38
EXERCISE 10.11
6 2 +239
( 3 +2 2 3)
5.
6 2 + 23 9
+ 3 ( 2)
6 2 + 23 9 =
+
+
( + 3) ( 1)
6 2 + 23 9 = + 3 1 + 1 + ( + 3)
6 2 + 23 9 = 2 + 2 3 + 2 + ( 2 + 3)
++ =6
2 + 3 = 23
3 + 0 + 0 = 9
=3
= 2
=5
=3
+
(+3)
(1)
= + + +
3 +5 2 +9+7
2 +5+4
7.
3 + 5 2 + 9 + 7
+ 4 ( + 1)
By division of polynomials,
5 + 7
=
+
+ 4 ( + 1) ( + 4) ( + 1)
5 + 7 = + 1 + ( + 4)
=
=
13
( + 4)
+ +
= 4,
13
=
3
= 1
2
=
3
( + 1)
+ +
39
EXERCISE 10.11
9.
2+1
2 (3)2
2 + 1 =
+
+
( 2) ( 3) ( 3)2
2 + 1 = 3
+ 3 2 + 2
2 + 1 = 2 6 + 9 + 2 5 + 6 + 2
+ =0
6 5 + = 2
9 + 6 2 = 1
=5
= 5
=7
=
5
+
2
5
+
3
7
3
= 5 2 5 3 + 3
=
( )
40
EXERCISE 10.11
11.
25
(1)
2 5
= +
+
+
( 1) ( 1) ( 1)2 ( 13
2 5 = 1
+ 1
+ 1 +
2 5 = 3 3 2 + 3 + 3 2 2 + +C 2 +
2 5 = 3 = 3 2 2 2 + + 2 +
2 5 = 3 + 2 3 2 2 2 + 2 + 3 + +
2 5 = + 3 + 3 2 + 2 + 3 + +
+ =0
3 2 + = 0
3 + + = 2
= 5
=5
= 5
=5
= 3
=
5
+
=5
5
+
( 1)
5
+
( 1)2
+5
( 1)
5
3
( 1)3
3
( 1)2
( 1)3
= 5 5 1 (1) + 2(1)2 +
=
+
+
( ) ( )
41
EXERCISE 10.11
3 2 +17+32
3 +8 2 +16
13.
3 2 + 17 + 32
( + 4)2
3 2 + 17 + 32
= +
+
2
( + 4)
( + 4) ( + 4)2
+ =3
8 + 4 + = 17
16 = 32
=2
=1
=3
2
+
+
( + 4)
3
( + 4)2
= + + + +
2+1
31 ( 2 +2+2)
15.
2 + 1
2 + 2 +
=
+ 2
2
3 1 ( + 2 + 2) (3 1)
+ 2 + 2
2 + 1 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 3 1 + 3 1
2 + 1 = 2 + 2 + 2 + (6 2 + 4 + 2) + 3 1
+ =0
2 + 4 + 3 = 2
2 + 2 = 1
5
=
2
5
=
2
= 1
=
5
2
5
5
+
(3 1) 2
(2 + 2)
2 + 2 + 2
+ 2 + 2
= 2 3 1 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2
=
+ +
+ +
42
EXERCISE 10.11
17.
5 2 +17
+2 ( 2 +9)
5 2 + 17
2 +
=
+
2
+ 2 ( + 9) + 2
2 + 9
5 2 + 17 = 2 + 9 + 2 + ( + 2)
5 2 + 17 = 2 + 9 + 2 2 + 4 + + 2
5 2 + 17 = 2 + 2 2 + 4 + + 9 + 2
5 2 + 17 = + 2 2 + 4 + + 9 + 2
2 = + 2 = 5
= 4 + = 1
= 9 + 2 = 17
+ 2 = 5 2
4 + = 1
= 2 4 = 10
=
4 + = 1
2 + = 11
2 + = 1 2
9 + 2 = 17
= 4 2 = 22
=
9 + 2 = 17
13 = 39
A=3
9(3)+2C=17
4B-5=-1
27+2C=17
4B=-1+5
2C=17-27
4B=4
2C=-10
B=1
C=-5
=
=3
3
1 2 5
+
+2
2 + 9
+2
+2
2 +9
2 +9
= + + +
43
EXERCISE 10.11
19.
4 2 +21+54
2 +6+13
4 3 2
2 + 6 + 13
2 + 6 +
2 + 6 + 13
2 + 6 + = 3 2
2 + = 3
= 11
=
3
2
3
2 + 6
=4[ 2
+ (11 2 + 6 + 13)]
2 + 6 + 13
= 11
+ 6 + 9 + 13 9
+ 3 2 + 13 9
= 11
1
2
= 11(
= 4
+3
)
2
3
| 2
2
+ 6 + 13|
= | + + | +
11
+3
2
2
+
+
44
EXERCISE 10.11
21.
3 +7 2 +25+35
2 +5+6
+2+
9 + 23
+ 5 + 6
9 + 23
=
+
+ 3 ( + 2) + 3 + 2
9 + 23 = + 2 + ( + 3)
x=-3
9(-3)+23= A(-3+2)+B(-3+3)
-27+23=A(-1)+B(0)
-4=-A
A=4
If x=-2
9(-2)+23= A(-2+2)+B(-2+3)
-18+23=A(0)+B
5=B
B=5
2
5
+
+3 +2
+2+
+ 2 4
+3
+5
+2
=
+ + + + +
45
EXERCISE 10.11
23.
2 8
(23)( 2 +2+2)
2 2 +
+ 2
2 3
+ 2 + 2
A( 2 + 2 + 2) + 2 + 2 2 3 + (2 3)
A( 2 + 2 + 2) + 4 2 2 6 + (2 3)
A+4B=1
2A-2B+2C=-1
2A-6B-3C=-8
1
A=-2
1
A=2
C=1
1
+
(2 3) 2
2 + 2
+
2 + 2 + 2
1
(2 3) + 2 + 2 + 2 +
2
2 + 2 + 2
+ 1 2 + 12
= 2 2 3 + 2 + 2 + 2 + + 1 +
=
+ +
+ + +
46
EXERCISE 10.11
25.
5 +2 3 3
2 +1 3
5 + 2 3 3
6 + 3 4 + 2 2 + 1
2 + 2 + 2 +
+ 2
+ 2
2 + 1
2 + 1
+1 2
+1 3
= 2 2 + 1
+ 2 + 1
+ 2 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
= 2 4 + 2 2 + 1 + 4 + 2 2 + 1 + 2 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
= 2 5 + 4 3 + 2 + 4 + 2 2 + 1 + 2 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 2 +
1
2
5 : 2 = 1
; =
4: = 0
; =0
3 : 4 + 2 = 2
; =0
2 : 2 + = 0
; =0
: 2 + 2 + 2 = 3 ; = 0
: + + = 0
=
; =0
+ +
47
EXERCISE 10.11
27.
4 + 2 3 + 11 2 + 8 + 16
( 2 + 4)2
2 + 2 +
[ +
+ 2
][( 2 + 4)2 ]
( 2 + 4)
( + 4)2
A 2 + 4
+ 2 ( 2 + 4) + 2 + 4 () + (2)() + ()
A( 4 + 8 2 + 16) + 2 4 + 8 2 + 3 + 4 + 2 2 +
4 : + 2 = 1
A=1
3: = 2
B=0
2 : 8A+8B+2D=11
C=2
X: 4C + E=8
D = 3/2
C : 16A = 16
E=0
2
3
+ 2
+
+4 2
= + 2
1
2
2
( 2 + 4)2
3
2 2 +4
= +
+
+
48
EXERCISE 11.1
SUMMATION NOTATION
=10
= 10
12 3
=1
=1
=10
=1
2
10 10 + 1
4
= 12
=10
= 12
( 1)( + 1)
=1
=1
=10
= 3(100 121 )
=10
3
+
=1
=1
10 2 10+1 2
4
10 10+1
2
=
=10
(12 2 + 4 )
=1
=10
=1
=10
9 2 + 6 + 1
=1
10(10 + 1)(2 10 + 1)
10(10 + 1)
= 12
+4
6
2
=1
2 + 6
=9
= 2 110 21 + 2 110
=
=10
2 + 4
= 12
=9
10(10+1)(2 10 +1)
6
+6
1
10(10+1)
2
+ 10
. + + + ( )
49
EXERCISE 11.1
SUMMATION NOTATION
. 1 1 + 2 2 + +
( )
=
. 14 + 24 + 34 + + 4
=
=
. 1 1+2 2+3 3 + +
. 13 + 23 + 33 + + 3
=
=
50
EXERCISE 11.2
THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL
2
3 2
1
= 0 ; = 2
=
=
( 1)
=0
20
10
= 2
= 3
4 2 2
( )
2
= 3
8 2
3
= 24
= 24
2 +1 2+1
6 3
1
0
0 0
2 3 + 2 +2 2 +
6 3
}
1
1 23 + 2 + 22 +
3
6
1 0
2
2
2
3
= 1
=
5
2
1
5.
( + 1)(2 + 1) 1
6
3
1 +1 2+
2
6
= 2
2 2
( )

= 2
=1
= { 2 [ ( 2 )
2
=0+
=
=
=1
= +
1
2
0
3.
+ 3
51
= 1 +
= 24
=
== (1 + ) + 3
4
==
==
+
16
16
2
+ 2 +
(+1)
2
+ 3
51
EXERCISE 11.2
THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL
2
2
; =
8 3
3
16 2 + 1
4
4
4 2 2
( ( + 2 + 1)
4
4 4
4
+ 3 +
4 2
3
=4+0+0
= 4
52
EXERCISE 11.3
SOME PROPERTIES OF THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL
3 2 2 + 1
3 3 2 2
+
+
3
2
= 2 + 1
= 2
=84+21+11
=
=5
2 + 1
1
2
1
2
3
2
10 5
= .
3
3 2 +
.
1
2
9.
3
4
+
3
= 27 3 1 + 4
=
1 ( 2 +21)
( + 2 + 1 1 1)
=
1
[ + 1
=
1
7
1+
= 1 + 2
= 2
1
=2
=
4
1+ 2 3
+ 2]
+1
2 +1
+2
= 2 ; = ( + 1)
=
=
+1
2
53
EXERCISE 11.3
.
0

1
2 +
= 2 + ; = 2 ;
=
1
2
=
2
2
0
2 2
0
2
ln 2 +
0
2
1
= ln 2 + 0 +
2
; =
1 2 +
1 +1
=
=
2
= 2 + 1 = + 1
=8
1
1
2
u= x; du=dx; a=2
2 2 4
2 2
=
2
2
2 =
=8
2
0 2 +4
; 2 = 2
= 2 ; = 4
= 1, = 4 ; = 0, = 0
1
2
= +
2
2
;
2
2
cos =
=2
1 2
2
1 + 2
1 2 2
=
;
= ;
=
=
=
1

0
= 11+01 = 1
54
EXERCISE 11.3
= ; =
2
61 63 65 21
6+2 6+22 6+24 6+26
=2
3
3
3
3
6 2
=2
6 2
2
2
0
= ; =
2
2
.
2 4 2 2
6 4
21 21
2+2 2+22
=4
1
2
61 63 65 (41)(43)( 2 )
(6+4)(6+42)(6+44)(6+46)(6+48)
4 2
3
2
; = 2
= 2
4 2
(2)
(41)(73)(75)
7(72)(74)(76)
2 2
(4 2 )2 2
0
2
8 3 2
=(
=
41
43
4 42
55
EXERCISE 12.1
1. = 3 2 ;
AREA UNDER A CURVE
= 1 = 2
3. = 1 ; = 1 = 2
=
2
3 2
1
2
3
= 2
1
3
2
1

1
= [ ]
3
= .
= {[ 2] [ 1]}
= 2; ,
,
= .
56
EXERCISE 12.1
AREA UNDER A CURVE
5. = 3, = 2 = 4
9. + = 3 &
0
4
= 3
= 3[ ]
= 3[4 4 4] 3[2 2 2]
= 3[4 4 4 2 2 + 2]
= 3[82 22 2]
=
= 3[62 2]
= 6[32 1]
3
0
= 3
= [ ] .
3
2
= 3 3
=
7. = 9 2
=
3
3
; = 3 = 3
3
0
3 2
2
4 2
57
EXERCISE 12.1
AREA UNDER A CURVE
11. 2 = 4, = 1 = 4
. = 1, = , = 2, = 0
4
1
4
=
=
4 2
1
= 1; =
8 3
4
3
() = 1
8(4)3/2 8(1)3/2
=
3
3
=
64
3
8
3
=
.
=1 ; =1
2
1 =
1
; (1,1)
= ( )
= 2 1
1 = 2 .
2 =
=
1
1 1
2
2 =
1
.
2
= 1 + 2
= ( + ).
58
EXERCISE 12.2
AREA BETWEEN TWO CURVES
5. y = x 2 ; y = 2 x 2
1. = 2 ; = 2 + 3
= 2 + 3
2 = 2 + 3
2 2 3 = 0
3 +1 = 0
= 3, = 1
=
3
1
= 2 ; (0,0)
= 0 , = 0
2
= 2 ( )
2
2 + 3 2
= [ 2 + 3
3
]
3 3
-1
= 32 + 3(3)
(3)3
:
(1)2 + 3(1)
(1)3
3
= 9+3
=
3. 2 = 1
(2 + 2)( 1)
2 + 2 = 0 1 = 0
2
2 = = 1
2
; =3
= 1 = 1
Y1=Y2
3 2 =1
2 6 + 9 = 1
5 2 =0
= 5 , = 2
=53=2
2
2 = 2 2
2 2 + 2 = 0
y1= y2
= [1 2]
1
1
1
+ 3 ( 2 + 1)
2
1
2
3
+ 2
2
3
+ 2 2
22
2
+ 2(2)
10
3
+6 =A=
23
3
= 2
2
3
2 3
3
1 2
2
+ 2(1)
(1)3
3
= 2 3 [2 + 3]
=2 +2
-1
27
6
(2 2 2 )
(2 2 2 )
2
3
124
3
59
EXERCISE 12.2
7. = ; = ; =
x
0
90
180
270
360
y
0
1
0
-1
0
2 =
x
0
90
180
270
360
11. = 3 , = 8, = 0
= 3 2
y
1
0
-1
0
1
, 0 = 3 2
= 0 , = 0
2
= 6( )
2
:
= [-]
y1= y2
= [- ] [- ] =
1 =
2
2
3 = 8
= =
2
4
3 8 = 0
3 = 8
=
2
= 1
2
=2
= .
= 2
= 8 , (2,8)
= 2
9. 2 = 4 , =
=
8
2 +4
2 2 + 4 = 32
2
8
2
=
2
4
2 + 4
= 4.95
= 2
, = 8
(-2,-8)
= [1 2]
2
(8 3 )
= = .
60
EXERCISE 12.2
13. = 2 + 1 , = 7 , = 8
15. = 3 , = ; =
2 + 1 7
=
1
2 + 1 7 +
8
2
3 6
3 2
=
6
2
=
3(8)2
2
3
1
= 3
8
2
6(8)
[( 3 ) ()]
(2 1 )
=
3(2)2
2
6(2)
= ; =
; = ; = ; =
3 2
= 3
= 3
3 2
( 3 )
= 3 3
[
1

( )]
1
[ ] 1
= .
61
EXERCISE 12.2
17. 2 = 2 , 2 = 4 2
= 4
2 = 2 2 = 4 2
= (4)2
2
2
;x=
2 + 2
4
162
2
= 8
= 2
0 = 0 ; (0,0)
2 + 2 2
]
4
2
2 1
=
2
2 + 2 2
( 4 )
3
2 2 3
+
12 4 12
3
2 23
()3 2 () 2()3
+
12 4 12
12
4
12
3 23 + 3 23 3 + 3
+
12
4
2 3
12
X1 = X2
2 2 + 2
=
2
4
4 2 = 2 2 + 23
4 2 2 2 23 = 0
2 2 23 = 0
2 2 = 23
23
2 =
2
2
= 2
= 2
=
2
2 3
4
a
-a
2 3 +6 3
12
4 3
= 12
A=
a2
sq.
3
units
X1 = X2=2 = 2
= 4
=
=
(4)2
2
162
2
= 8
62
EXERCISE 12.2
. 2 = + 1 ; = 1
. 2 = 4 ; = 4 4
1= 2 1; = 1
= 2 ; 2 = 1
= 0; = 0
2
= 2 ( )
2

1
1= 2 ; 2 1 =
2 + 2 = 0
( 1)( + 2)
1=0 +2=0
4 = 2 2 = + 4
y=1
1
= 2
4
1
0 = 2
4
0=0
0,0
y=-2
=0
2
+4
=
4
2
2
2
=3
= 1, = 2
= (concave to the right)

2 + 4
=
4
2
= 2, = 5
= 1, = 0
= 2, = 3
= 3, = 8
;
2 2 4 + 4(4)
2 2 4 16 = 0
= 2 1
1
1 2 1
=
2
2 8 + 2
2 8 = 0 + 2 = 0
= 4; = 4(1, 2)
= 1 2 + 1
= 2
1
2
(4, 4)
2 12
= (2 1 )
3 1
= 2
= 2(1)
2
3
(1)2 (1)3
2
3
=
2
= 2(2)
(2)2 (2)3
2
3
4 +4
2
2
2
4
= .
=223+4+23
=
63
EXERCISE 12.2
23. 2 = + 4 , 2 + 1 = 0
2 1 2 4
1
3
3 + 2 2
=
1
= 3 + 2
=
3
3
3 1
25. = 2 , = , = 2
=
=
2

2
4
2
2
0
1
2 2 + 1
64
EXERCISE 12.4
VOLUME OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION
1. = 2 2 , ,
= 2 2 ,
0 = 2 2 ; = 12 2(1)
=1
= 1
2
=2
2
= 2 2
1, 1
x
y
0
0
1
-1
2
0
3
3
1
-1
= 2
dx
= 2 2 2
y
(1,-1)
-2
= 4 4 3 + 4 2
=
=
5
5
1
2
5
4 4
4
4 3
3
24 +
4
2
3
32
32
16 +
5
3
96 240 + 160
15
16
15
65
EXERCISE 12.4
. + = 5 ; = 0 ; = 0 ; = 0
. + = 6 ; = 3 ; = 0 ;
= 0 ; = 5
= (6 )
= 0 ;
=5
= 2
= 2
; = 5
= 6
2 = 5
= 36 12 + 2
= 5 2
=
0
25 10 + 2
10 2 3
+
2
3
25 5 5 5
= 125 125 +
=
125
3
1
5
3
36 12 + 2
2
3
= 36 12
+
2
3
= 25
36 3 6 3
= 36 3 6 9 +
1
3
3
1
3 27
= [ 36 3 6 9 + 9]
= (9)(12 6 + 1)
= (9)(7)
=0
= 0
5
(0,6)
3
2
1
+ =6
5
y
=3
3
3
x
=0
1
0
(6,0)
66
EXERCISE 12.4
. = 4, = 2, = 4; = 4
9. 2 = 4, = ; =
= 2
=
= (4 )2
= ( )2
= 4
=
0
32 16
(16
+ 2 )
2
0
2
2
(2
16
= 16 2 322
0
2
= 2
= 8 4 4 2 1
= 2 2
= .
2 2
)
4
2
4
+
)
2 162
3
5
+
6
16 5 2
23
25
23
25
+
2 2
+
6
16(5)2
16
16(5)2
2
= 43 1 3 + 5
=
67
EXERCISE 12.4
. = , = 0, = 1; = 1
= 2
= (1 )2
=
0
(1 )2
1 2 + 2
= [ + 2 +
]
2
4
3
2
+ 2 +
2
2
4
3
2
+ 2
2
4
3
+ 0 4(0) 0 + 2 + 0
4
=
=
3 2
4
68
EXERCISE 12.5
THE WASHER METHOD

9
1. = 2 , = 3, = 0;
32 2
0
9
9
0
= 9
2 9
2 0
= 9(9)
=
(9)2 9
2 0
3. 2 = 4, = ;
x
0
a
2 = 4
y
0
2a
dy
x
2
X=a
2 2
=
2
2
2
=
(
4
2
2
162
5
2
=
802 2
2
= (23
325
325
3
)
(2
+
)
802
802
= (23
2 3
)
5
(23 +
2 3
)
5
69
EXERCISE 12.5
THE WASHER METHOD
5. 2 + 2 = 2 , =
= 4 0 2 2 +
= 4 2
= 4
= 4
=
3
3
3
3 3
2 3

3
(-a,0)
(a,0)
x=b
7. 2 + 2 = 25 , + = 5 ; = 0
=
=
5
0
25 2 5
70
EXERCISE 12.5
THE WASHER METHOD
9. 2 = 4, 2 = 4;
2 = 1
2
4 =
4
3
64 =
= 4, = 4: (4,4)
4
0
4
2
4
16
0
5 4
= 2 2
80 0
(4)5
= 2(4)2 +
80
11. 2 = 8, = 2; = 4
2 = 1
8 = 2
8 = 4 2
= 2, = 4: (2,4)
4 3 2
= 4 2
3 0
4(2)3
= 4(2) +
3
2
71
EXERCISE 12.6
THE CYLINDRICAL SHELL METHOD
. 4 = 3 , = 0, = 2, ; = 2
V = 2
V = 2
2
0
V = 2
2 2
[
0 2
V = 2
V = 2
V = 2
V=
4
4
(2)4
4
3
4
dx
4
]
4
5
20
2
0
(2)5
20
3
5
cubic units
2
0
3. = 4 2 , = , = 0
V = 2
V = 2
3
0
V = 2
3
0
V = 2
4 2
4 2 3 2
4 2
V = 2 3
4
4
V = 2 (3)3
V=
1 4
3 3
3
0
(3)4
4
3
0
72
3
0
EXERCISE 12.6
5. = , = , = 2
= 2
=
+ .
7. = 2
= 2
=
9
0
, = 0 , = 0
Y=9
9 2
9. = , = , = 0
= 2

(e,1)
= . .
(1,0)
X=e
73
EXERCISE 12.6
11. 2 = 8 , = 0 , = 4 ; about = 4
= 2
4
0
4 2 3
4 3
4 3
4
4
4 0
13. ( 3 ) 2 + 2 = 9; .
3
= 8
2
x 9 ( x 3) dx
0
= 8(
( 9 ( x 3 ) 2 3 27 3 9
)2 +
+ ( 3)( 9 3
3
2
3
2
= 8(27
3
0
27
1)
2
27
= 8( )( 1 + )
2
= 108( )
2
=
74
EXERCISE 12.6
15. 2 + 2 = 2 ; = >
2 + 2 2 + 2
: 2 + 2 = 2
= 4
= 4
2 2
==
2 2
2 2 ln + 2 2 +
2
2
=
2 + 2 = 2
75
EXERCISE 12.7
VOLUME OF SOLIDS WITH KNOWN CROSS SECTIONS
2 + 2 = 36
. 9 2 + 16 2 = 144
2
=
,
2
= 2
= 2 2 ,
36 2
1
= (2)()
2
= 2
8
2 2
=2
=2
1
=
2
6
2(3
6
2 )
8 1449 2
0
16
= .
= .
76
EXERCISE 12.7
VOLUME OF SOLIDS WITH KNOWN CROSS SECTIONS
= (1 )(2 2 )
2
= 2 (1 )2 2
0
2
= 2 (1
0
2 2
)
4
64
= 15
= . .
77
EXERCISE 12.8
LENGTH OF AN ARC
. = 2 = 0 = 5
= 2
3 1
= 2
2
3 1
= 2
2
=
0
1 + ( )2
5
0
1+
1+
0
3
1
3 + 3
5
0
9
5
3. 3 + 3 + 3
2
3
: 3 = 3 + 3
3 1
( 2 )2 dx
2
9
4
1 +
= .
=
0
3
1
3 3 9
=
2 0
1
3
3
2
=4
3
2
X=0
x=5
78
EXERCISE 12.8
LENGTH OF AN ARC
5. = , =
= ; =
1
=
7. = ,
= (1 )
= ( )
= ( )
= (1 )
= ()
= (1 )
=
=
+ 2 sin2
=
1+
2 1
2
0
+ sin2
1 + 2
= .
9. = 2 1
= 2 1
= 2
= 2
2 = 4(1 )2
2
4(1 )2 + 42
=2
2
0
(1 )2 + 2
79
EXERCISE 12.9
AREA OF A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION
1. 2 + 2 = 16 ; = 2 = 4
3. 2 = 12 ; = 0 = 3
= 2
= 2
= 12
16 2
1
= 16 2
2
1
2
1
= 12
2
(2)
1+
2
1+
16 2
16 +
16 2
16 2
= 2
(12)
16 2
36
12
12 + 36
12
2 3 + 9
12
12
2 3 + 9
= 2
1+
= 2
4
4
1
2
6
=
12
16 2
4
16 2
= 4
3
0
12
3 + 9
= . .
4
4
2
= .
5. = 3 ; = 0 = 1
= 3 2
=
= 2
1 + 9 4
1 3
1 + 9 4
= . .
80
EXERCISE 12.9
7. = 2 ; = 0 =
= 2
= 2(2)
=
= 2
1 + 4 2 2
2 1 + 4 2 2
= . .
9. 4 2 = 0 = 2
2
= 2
= 2
= 1 + 4^2
= 2
1 + 4 2
= . .
81
EXERCISE 12.9
13. = ; = 0 ; = 1 ;
= 2
1 + 2
0
1
= 2
1 + 2 =
= 2
= 2
1 + 2( 2/2 )
1
0
1 + 2( )
= +
82
EXERCISE 13.1
1.
FORCE OF FLUID PRESSURE
=
= (62.5/ 3 )(96 2 )(4)
= 24000
3. =
1
=
5 3
2
2
2 + ( )(3)
3
2
3
62.53
1 2
=(
)(4)(
)
144 2
=
3
5
(625)(4)
144
5
3
= .
5. = 50
12ft
= 3
8ft
=
50 =
1
3
2
50 =
2
2
100 = 2
=
3
5
h
5
83
EXERCISE 13.1
FORCE OF FLUID PRESSURE
7. =
= [()(3)(2)](2)
=
= 6 = major axis
= 4 =
b
a
A=
84
EXERCISE 13.2
WORK
1.
=
40 =
=
1
,
2
= 40 ; = 0,
= 14 10 = 4
1
, = 80
2
4
80
0
3.
= ; =
=
1
,
10
= 5
= 0, =
50
85
EXERCISE 13.2
WORK
5.
=
= 60
= 2 60
= 9(60 )
10
= 9
0
60
0
= 9 60 2
= 9 60
10
0
2 10
2 0
= 9 600 50
= .
86
EXERCISE 13.2
WORK
9.
= ; = 10 , = 2, =
2 + 2 = 2 ; =
2 2 ; = 2
10 2
= 20
22 2
87
EXERCISE 13.3
FIRST MOMENT OF A PLANE AREA
1. 2 = 4, = 4
=
5. 2 = 4 2 = 4
1 4
4
2 0
=
=
= .
2
= 4
4 =
4
16
64 4 = 0
=4
64 3 = 0
1 = 0, 2 = 4
1
= 2
3. = 4
4
16
=
=
=
=
=
4 2
2
16
88
EXERCISE 13.3
FIRST MOMENT OF A PLANE AREA
7. =
3
0
3 [
3
0
27
99
4
27
=
18
4
2772
=
4
9 2 3
3 + 3 (3 )2
3
1
3
(3 )2 (3 + )2 (3 )2
0
3
3
3
= 0 3 9 2 0 9 2 0 (3 )2
3
9
0
9 2
3
* =3
=
[ ]
= 3
9 2
3 =
3 = ; = 3
3 =
= 3; = 2
. = 4 2 , =
= 0; = 0
=3
= 27
= 27
2 = 27
1 + 2
2 2
27
+
= 27
=
2
4
4
4
0
3
* =
9 2
= 9 2
= 2
=
=
=
1
2
9 2
3
2
=
| 30
3
2
1 2
( )[(9 9)
2 3
1
27 = 9
3
* =
@ = 3; = 0
= 0; = 9
3
(3
0
3
2
1
2
1 3
2 0
(9 0) ]
2 2
4 2
)2
=3
=
=
=
(3)3 3
|0
3
3
0
3
3
3
= 9
89
EXERCISE 13.4
CENTROID OF A PLANE AREA
1. + 2 = 6, = 0, = 0
Solving for A
=
6
6
0
= [3
3 2
2 6
]
4 0
= 3 6
36
4
= .
Solving for
Solving for
2
2
= 2
6
0
2
2
3 2
2
= [
0
1
3 6
]
3 0
(3 2 ) (3 2 )
0
1 6
(9
2 0
1
3 +
2
)
4
3
= 2 [9 2 2 + 12 ] 60
1
9 = 18
= 3 (3)
Centroid: (2,1)
90
EXERCISE 13.4
3. = , = 0 = 0
A=
=
=
A=2
=
=
=2
; =
= ; =
1 1 2
(
)
2 0
2
1
= 2 (2 2
1
= 2 (2
2
2
= ; =
2
)
4
= [ + ]
= (2)
=

( )
0 2
=2
; = 2
= + + 0 0
= ( 4 )(2)
=
Centroid:
91
EXERCISE 13.4
7. 2 = 3 , = 2
4
(2 2 )
0
2 5
= [ 2 2 ]
5
= [16
=
64
]
5
16
.
5
0
4
(2 2 )
0
4
(2 2 2 )
2
2 7
= [ 3 2 ]
3
7
=
7
5 2
2
[ (4)3 (4)2
16 3
7
5 128 257
[
]
16 3
7
40
21
1
2
1
2
1
2
0
4
[(2)2 2 ]
0
4
(4 2 3 )
1 4 3 4 4

2 3
4 0
10
92
EXERCISE 13.4
9. 2 + 2 = 25,
+ =5
25 50
4
25
=
( 2)
4
=
=
5
25 2 5
25
5
x
25 2 5
=
=
0
5
0
25 2 5
5
0
A
25 2
25
5
25 2
5 cos =
5 sin = ; = arcsin
5
5 cos = @ = 5 ; =
2
=0; =0
=
5 cos 5 cos
= 25
1
= 25
2
1 + 2
cos cos =
2
2
1
+
2
/2
+0
4
0
25
=
4
5
5 0
5
= 5 0
= 25
= 25
2
25
=
2
5
0
25
25
25 +
4
2
25
= 25
2
=
cos 2
= 25 2
= 2
=
1 25 2 2
2
3
25 2 2
5 +
0
5 2
2
3
3
5 2
2
5
0
3
3 0
+
0 125 125
125
=
+

0+0
3
2
3
3
125 250
375 + 500
=
+
=
2
3
6
125
=
6
2
1 5
=
25 2 5 2
2 0
5
1
1 5
=
25 2
5 2
2 0
2 0
1
3
3
=
25
1/2 25 + 5
2
3
3
=
1
125
1
125
125
125 +
125
2
3
2
3
125
6
:
=
=
=
125
6
25 2
4
125
4
6 25 2
10
3 2
=
=
=3
10
2
125
6
25 2
4
93
EXERCISE 13.5
CENTROID OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION
1. 2 = ; = 3 ; = 0 ;
. 2 = 4, = 1, = 4, = 0
2 =
2
=
2
2
= 2
1
4
=
1
= 16
=

0 0
9 3
=
1
2
=
16
3
2
4
2
16
4 = 16
8
2
=
1
4
1
15
2
=
9
= 2
= 2
0
= 2
= 381.70
3
0
3+
2
4
2
=
1
381.70
=
=
152.68
= 2.5
, . ,
=
1
= 16
21
4
= 0,
10
,
7
16
= 16
4
3
= 16
3
=
1
16
3 3
4
1
15
2
21
4
94
EXERCISE 13.5
. 2 = 4
x
0
1
2
4
0
4
=
0
y
0
1
2
4
4
4
16
96
5
4
= 2
0
2 = 4
x
0
1/4
1
4
y
0
1
4
4 +
2
2
4
128
3
==
= ,
128
3
96
5
95
EXERCISE 13.5
. 2 = 4, = = 0
X
0
1/4
1
4
Y
0
1
2
4
X
1
2
3
4
Y
1
2
3
4
= 2
( 4 )
0
= 26.80829731 .
= 2
= 2 (
0
4 +
)
2
= 64/3
=
= 2.5
y=(0, 2.5, 0)
96
EXERCISE 13.6
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A PLANE AREA
1. 2 + = 6 , = 0 , = 0 ;
5. = 2 , = 0, = 4
dy
4-y
(4,4)
dx
0
3
6
0
6 2

0
=
6
6 2 6
0
2
0
4
1
6 2 3
2 0
1
4
=
2 3
2
4
0
4
1
=
2 6
2
6
3
0
4
2 4
3. = , = 8 , = 0 ; =
0
4 2
42
dy
x
=
=
2 2

0
2
5
=
=
2 2 3
( )
0
6
6
2
6
97
EXERCISE 13.6
7. 2 = 8 , = 2
9. = 4 2 , = 4 ;
= 4 2
= 4
X1
X2
(1,4)
dy
dx
y
(0,0)
0
1

0
0
0 0
1 2 2 1 2
2 4
2 4
0
4
=
4
2 ( )
=
=
=

2 ( )
2 8
4 3
(
0 2

0 0
1 4
=
Iy =
2 ( )
1 2
(4
0
4 2 )
1
5
4
)
8
98
EXERCISE 13.6
11. 2 = 8 , = 0 , = 4 , with respect to = 4
13. = , = 2 , + = 6, = 0
+ = 6
(6 2)
6 3
=
=
=
1
8
0
4
16 2 8 3 + 4
1 163
8
3
2 4 +
4
5
5 0

0 0
1 1
2 2
= 2

0 0
1 2
2 4
0
1
2
0
5
4
=
=
=
99
EXERCISE 13.7
MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A SOLID OF REVOLUTION
1. = 2 , = 0 , = 4 ;about = 0
3. + = , = 0 , = 0 ;about the y-
axis
= 2
4
= 4
3 2 0
0
9
2
= 4
9
= 4
= 4
=
2 4
9
1024
9
= 2
=
0
2 0
9
3 4
2
4
=
2 5 5
4
5
09
5
20
100
EXERCISE 13.7
5. 2 + 3 = 6 , = 0 , = 0 ; about the x-
9. = 4 , = , = 1 ; about = 0
axis
6 2
3
0
2
3 16 4 192 3 +864 2 1728+1296
2 0
81
= 2
2
= 2
4 2 4
7. 2 = 3 , = ; about = 0
3
= 2 4
3
= 2
=
= 2
28
3
5
1
2
1
31
5
3 3
= 2
3 4
0
3
= 2
= 2 54
=
3
2
243
5
101
EXERCISE 13.7
11. = 2 , = 2 ;about the y-axis
= 2
2
= 2
3 2 2
0
1
2 4 5
= 2
0
2
= 2 2
64
5
2
0
5
= 2 2
5
= 2
13. = 3 , = 1 , = 0 ; about = 1
6
0
32
3
= 2
+1
3 0
6 + 3 5 + 3 4 + 3
= 2
7
7
6
2
3 5
5
1
4
4 0
102
EXERCISE 13.7
15. = 2 , = 1 , = 0 ; about = 2
= 2
1
= 4
8 12 2 + 6 3 4
= 4 4 2 4 3 +
=
3 4
2
1
5
5 0
103

Basic integration formulas and substitution techniques

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Basic integration formulas and substitution techniques

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EXERCISE 9.

BASIC INTEGRATION FORMULAS

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

* using synthetic division

For the second integral :

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

For the 2nd term

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

INTEGRATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

INTEGRATION OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

INTEGRATION OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

APPLICATION OF INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

9. Given slope , through 1,1

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

APPLICATION OF INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

11. Given slope 2 , through 1,2

when t = 1 sec, s=h=48ft

APPLICATION OF INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

PRODUCT OF SINES AND COSINES

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

PRODUCT OF SINES AND COSINES

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

POWER OF SINES AND COSINES

POWER OF SINES AND COSINES

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

POWER OF TANGENTS AND SECANTS

POWER OF TANGENTS AND SECANTS

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

POWER OF COTANGENTS AND COSECANTS

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

POWER OF COTANGENTS AND COSECANTS

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

ADDITIONAL STANDARD FORMULAS

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

INTEGRANDS INVOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

INTEGRANDS INVOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Completing the square

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

INTEGRANDS INVOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS OF SINES AND COSINES

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

DIFFERENTIAL & INTEGRAL CALCULUS | Feliciano & Uy

INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS