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dkWyst
okjk.klh
khkZd%^^tSo Hkwxksy dh
ifjHkkkk ,oa fok; {ks=**
Definition & Scope of Biogeography
funsZkd
MkW0 eukst
dqekj flag
Hkwxksy&foHkk
x
26.09.2014
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izhfr dqekjh
,e-,- izFke
lsesLVj
izFke okZ
tSo
Hkwxksy
dk
vFkZ
tSo Hkwxksy dk lkekU;
vFkZ&tSoe.My
blds
vUrxZr
tUrqvksa] ikS/kksa rFkk lw{e
thoksa lfgr lHkh thfor thoksa dks
v/;;u fd;k tkrk gSaA
bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd
tSoHkwxksy ds vFkZ dh
O;k[;k
djrs
gq,
HkwxksyoSkkvkas dk dguk gS
fd tSoe.My ds thfor thoksa ds
LFkkfud
Spatial
,oa
dkfyd
Temporal lUnHkZ esa mn~Hko
Evolution folj.k izfr:i dk v/;;u fd;k
tkrk gS rFkk buds forj.k esa
LFkkfud
,oa
dkfyd
fofHkUurkvksa dh izf;kvksa ,oa
dkjdksa dk fo'ys"k.k Hkh fd;k
blds
vUrxZr
Hkwxksyoskk ikni ,oa tUrq
leqnk; ds forj.k izfr:iksa ds
v/;u ds vykok fuEu nks
i{kksa dk Hkh v/;;u djrk gS&
1- ikni ,oa tUrqvksa ds leqnk;
Lrj ij tSfod ,oa vtSfod la?
kBdksa
ds
chp
?kfu"V
vUrlZEcU/kksa dk v/;;uA
tSo Hkwxksy dh
ifjHkk"kk,
ts0Vhoh0 1982&
us bl vk/kkj ij
tSoHkwxksy dks fuEu :iksa eas ifjHkkf"kr
fd;k gS&
^^tSo Hkwxksy tho foKku rFkk
Hkwxksy nksuksa gS bldk v/;;u {ks=
LFkye.My] tye.My] ,oa ok;qe.My vFkkZr
tSoe.My dk thoks }kjk okflr {ks= gSA**
dkDl ,oa ewj 1983& ds 'kCnksa
esa ^^thfor fo'o ds thfor thoksa dh
TkSo Hkwxksy dk
fo"k; {ks=
tSo Hkwxksy dh vo/kkj.kk] fo"k;
{ks= rFkk v/;;u ds mikxe vyx&vyx
gkssrs gSA tSo Hkwxksy ds izeq[k
fo"k; {ks= ds vUrxZr tSoe.My ds
thfor thoksa vFkkZr ikS/kksa rFkk
tUrqvksa ds fofHkUu i{kksa ds v/;;u
dks lfEEkfyr fd;k tkrk gSA
bl vk/kkj ij tSo Hkwxksy dks nks
kk[kkvksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS
1- ikni
Hkwxksy&
ikni
Hkwxksy ds vUrxZr ikni
leqnk; dk v/;;u] ikS/kksa ds
izdkj] tSfod vuqe tSfod
leqnk; dh fed voLFkkvksa]
mn~Hko] folj.k] forj.k vkSj
izfr:iksa] ouLifr jpuk vkfn ds
v/;;u dks lfEEkfyr fd;k tkrk
ikni leqnk;
1 Video
tUrq Hkwxksy
tUrq Hkwxksy ds vUrxZr tUrq
leqnk; dk v/;;u] tUrqvksa ds
oxhZdj.k] mn~Hko] folj.k] forj.k
rFkk foyksiu dk v/;;u fd;k tkrk
gSA
tUrq leqnk;
2 Video
tkZ la?
kVd
tSfod la?
kVd
y e`n
kOkk;q
ty
lkSj tkZ
Tokjh;
tkZ
Hkwrkih;
tkZ
ikni
tUrq
fo;kstd
1- vtSfod la?kVd
vtSfod la?kVd HkkSfrd i;kZoj.k dk izfrfuf/kRo
djrs gS blds vUrxZr eksVs rkSj ij ok;qe.My]
e`nkra=] LFkye.My rFkk tye.My dks lfEefyr fd;k
tkrk gSA
1- ok;qe.My
ok;qe.My thoe.My esa thoksa ds fy,
vko;d vkDlhtu rFkk vU; xSl iznku djrk gS rFkk
izoskh y?kqrjax lkSf;Zd forj.k ds fy, ikjnkZd
cudj rFkk lkSf;Zd tkZ dks Nkudj Hkwry ij vkus
esa lgk;r iznku djrk gSA bl lkSf;Zd tkZ dks gjh
ikh okys ikS/ks izdkk laysk.k fof/k ls vU;
tkZ :iksa esa ifjofrZr djrs gS ftldk ikS/ks] tUrq
rFkk euq; miHkksx djrs gSA ok;qe.My la?kVd
2- tye.My
f}rh; vtSfod la?kVd tye.My gS
ftlds vUrxZr >hyksa] ufn;ksa rFkk
egklkxjksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gS ;g
tyh; la?kVd Xyksc ds lokZf/kd {ks=
ij foLr`r gSA blh ty e.My ls tho e.My
ds fy, tyoki rFkk tyh; ?kksy izkIr
gksrk gSA ty e.My ds vUrxZr
egklkxjh;
rkieku]
?kuRo]
mldh
yo.krk] egklxkjh; xfr;k lkxjh; ygj]
rjax] /kkjk] Tokj HkkVk rFkk
egklkxjh; ryh ds mPpkopu egkf}ih;
3+- LFkye.My
LFkye.My tho e.My dk ,d
egRoiw.kZ
la?kVd
gSaA
LFkye.My kSy fufeZr LV gksrk
gS ftldk foLrkj egkf}iksa rFkk
egklkxjksa nksuksa es gksrk
gSA HkwiVyh; pV~Vkuksa dk
vi{k; gksus ls LV ds lcls ijh
Hkkx ij feV~Vh;ksa dk fuekZ.k
gksrk gS] okLro esa e`nk vkoj.k
4- e`nk ra=
e`nk
ra=
ds
vUrxZr
feV~Vh;ksa esa jgus okys
ikS/kksa ,ao tUrqvksa rFkk
tSfod inkFkZ] [kfut inkFkZ]
e`nk ?kksy] e`nk ok;qe.My]
e`nk lajpuk] e`nk ifjPNsfndk]
e`nk fuekZ.k] e`nk izdkj]
2- tkZ la?kVd
tkZ la?kVd ds vUrxZr lkSj
tkZ] Tokjh; tkZ rFkk Hkwrkih;
tkZ dks lfEefyr djrs gSaA
1- lkSj tkZ&
lw;Z ls vkus
okyh tkZ dks lkSj tkZ dgrs
gSA lkSj tkZ dks lkSj lxzkgdksa
vkSj fjlhojksa dh lgk;rk ls rki
tkZ esa cnyk tkrk gS] lkSj rki
tkZ ds bu ;U=ksa dk iz;ksx ikuh
3- tSfod la?kVd
tSfod la?kVd tSo Hkwxksy dk vk/kkj
Hkwr fok; {ks= gksrk gSA blds
vUrxZr
ikS/kksa]
tUrqvksa
,ao
fo;kstd vFkkZr lw{e thoksa ds v/;;u
dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA
1- ikni leqnk;& ikni leqnk; dk v/;;u
ikni Hkwxksy tks fd tSo Hkwxksy dh
izeq[k kk[kk gS] ds vUrxZr fd;k tkrk
gSA ikni leqnk; ds vUrxZr ikS/kksa
ds izdkj] tSfod leqnk; dh fed
fudkZ
mi;qZDr fooj.k ls ge fudkZ ij
igqprs gS fd gejs i;kZoj.k esa
ekStqn leLr NksVs rFk cM+s thoksa
dk ikfjfLFkfrdh; n`fV ls cM+k egRo
gS ijUrq c<+rh gqbZ fodkl dh nj us
bls vR;f/kd tksf[ke igqpk;k gS QyLo:i
Red Data Book tSls iqLrdksa dh jpuk
gqbZ gSa] tks ladVkiUu iztkfr;ksa
dks iznfkZr djrh gS bl vlarqyu
dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, tSo Hkwxksy
ds lkFk&lkFk lkekftd foKku rFkk izkS|