World Cultures 11

Unit III: Latin America

Name: ______________________________
Date:

LATIN AMERICAN PEOPLES WIN INDEPENDENCE

Directions: After reading the document below, please answer the following questions completely and
thoroughly in complete sentence format.
Background Question:
1. What three factors motivated the people of Latin America to rebel against their European
controllers?
- Democracy, Liberty, and Equality
Haitian Independence
1. Who controlled the colony of Haiti and what two leaders where responsible for their
independence?
- Toussaint LOuverture and Dessalines

2. Why were they able to win their independence so quickly and easily?
- They had money and were educated.

3. How was this movement for independence different from revolutions in the rest of Latin
America? [You will have to answer this question after reading the entire document.]
- The South American war broke out.

Viceroyalty of Peru
1. Identify and explain the specific events on the European continent effected the movement for
independence in Peru.
- On December 9th, the Battle of Ayacuchu broke out.

2. The movement from independence was spearheaded by what two creoles. Who were they and
explain how they were able to gain it.
- Saint Martin and Balivar were able to gain independence by inspiring enlightenment.

3. What name did they give to the independent viceroyality?

- Gran Columbia

Viceroyalty of New Spain

1. How did the movement for independence differ from that of Peru?
- Ethic and racial groups integrated more freely. Indians and Mestivos were looked at as leaders.

2. The movement began with the leadership of what two leaders? Explain their rebellion and its
successes/failures.
- Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Morelos there was a revolution for 4 years and Agustin de
Iturbide defeated him.

3. Ironically, a creole DID eventually was successful in gaining freedom from Spain. Who was he,
and whey did favor independence in 1820 when he did not earlier?
- Agustin De Iturbide

4. What government/title did this liberator give the newly independent viceroyalty?
What happened to his government?
- It was called the United Provinces and after the American declaration of their independence, it
was known as Brazil.

Brazil
1. Why was this colony governed differently than the Spanish colonies just prior to independence?
- Brazils quest for independence was unique in this period of Latin American history because it occurred
without violent upheavals or widespread bloodshed.

2. How did the movement for independence differ in this Portuguese colony than those of the
Spanish colonies?
- The goal was to close the ports of other countries for British shopping.