Jamal Masood

A Block
Works Cited
"About Kinshasa." Kinshasa Congo Travel Information and City Guide. Last modified 2006.
Accessed May 11, 2015.
This preapproved website gave factual and geographical information about Kinshasa. The
website gave an overview of Kinshasa. It specifically detailed the geographical location,
which is along the southern bank of the Congo. The information given helped give
specific examples of area in Kinshasa, such as the residential area of Gombe.
Commune de la Gombe ( Centre Ville Kinshasa), Kinshasa Central Business District.
Photograph. wikimapia. 2011. Accessed May 20, 2015.
The photograph from this source displayed a current photograph of the central business
district in Kinshasa. I used this picture in order to show the different markets and
buildings, which show Kinshasa's commercial success over the past decades.
Congo, Democratic Republic of the. Photograph. Accessed May 20, 2015.
The photograph displayed shows a man designing and sewing fabric into traditional
African dresses. The photograph is from Britannica. This photograph gives an insight into
the socioeconomic realities of people in Kinshasa, and how people must do odd jobs in
order to provide for their family.
"Congo (Kinshasa): Total Electricity Exports." Infographic. Accessed May 20, 2015.
The graph displayed on this website shows the change of total electricity exports, since
1980-2007. The line graph is essential because it relates to the availability of resources
and lack of infrastructure in Kinshasa. In Kinshasa, there are numerous blackouts, which
show that the city is still developing.
Congolese orchestra is Passionate About the Classics. Photograph. Accessed May 20, 2015.
The photo represented was of a man playing the tuba in the middle of the street in
Kinshasa. This supports how culture has played a major role in the development of
Kinshasa, and how it has shaped urban zones. The picture represents shows how music is
a prominent force in Kinshasa
Cordell, Dennis D. "Kinshasa." In Encyclopaedia Brittanica, edited by Wyatt McGaffrey, Janet
McGraffey, and James Oladipo Adejuwon. Accessed May 10, 2015.
This article entitled Kinshasa from Britannica Academic gave an overview and
generalization over the megacity. The article explored vast topics such as the history,
cultural life, economy, people, site of city, and industry. This was my most used source in
my research. This source gave information about Henry Stanleys colonization of
Kinshasa, and gave evidence of poverty, food shortages, and unemployment.

"Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) Country Specific Information." Federal

Information & News Dispatch, Inc., March 26, 2009.
The newsletter called Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) Country
Specific Information was generally over the political instability and transportation issues
in Kinshasa. This source showed that much of Kinshasas transportation was in bad
condition and of poor quality. The article also showed signs of political turmoil, most
specifically the political turmoil after the 2006 elections.
douard, douard. "Kinshasa." In Encyclopedia Americana. Accessed May 11, 2015.
This source gives additional information about the history, migration trends, and urban
areas located in Kinshasa. The source talks about the Belgian colonial rule, and the ethnic
groups of Kongo and Lingla. This helped me organize my thought process for the history
section of my website, as well as the political organization section. The source also
introduced me Kinshasas independence from Belgium in 1960.
Guest House San Pedro Kinshasa. Photograph. Trip Advisor. Accessed May 20, 2015.
This picture is an example of a house located in Kinshasa. The photo represented shows a
modern house. This connects with my thesis, since it shows how houses have developed
structurally.
"Housing." In CultureGrams. Accessed May 10, 2015.
This article known as Housing from Culture Grams discusses the different forms of
houses found in Kinshasa, and its electricity and water availability throughout these
houses. This article was useful, since it reflected the change of the urban landscape
throughout Kinshasas history. Most specifically, the houses came from colonial era, and
existed in various ways of poor condition. This showed that Kinshasa was still lacking
basic fundamentals of urbanization.
"Kinshasa." In An Encyclopedia for Students, edited by John Middleton. Vol. 2. New York, US:
Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. Accessed May 11, 2015.
The article known as Kinshasa from World History in Context discussed the education,
transportation, and urban conflicts that arose in the new era. This encyclopedia entry
talked about the poor sewage system, limited access to transportation, and Kinshasa
being the economic and political center of the country. I would use this to develop my
second part of the thesis, which is after 50 years.
"Kinshasa." In New Encyclopedia of Africa, edited by John Middleton and Joseph C. Miller. 2nd
ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008. Accessed May 10, 2015.
The article entitled Kinshasa from World History in Context discusses the economic
indicators, failed urban planning, and the original name of Lopoldville. This source
gives additional information on how Kinshasa grew from a fishing villages/small trade
station into a commercial area.
Kinshasa, Boulevard du 30 Juin (2011). Photograph. Congo Planet. May 4, 2011. Accessed May
20, 2015.

This picture gives a visual representation of the Boulevard du 30 Juin. This boulevard
represents the commercial and economic success, since its independence from Belgium
in 1960. I used this to support the infrastructure section of my website.
Kinshasa Then and Now. Photograph. Blogger. July 3, 2011. Accessed May 20, 2015.
Two photographs from this source helped show the architecture and urban landscape of
Kinshasa. These two photos helped organize the developmental aspect of Kinshasa on my
website. These two photos, also showed how the social atmosphere effects the
architecture ( poverty, security).
Metropolitan Catholic Cathedral... (Lubumbashi, DR of Congo). Photograph. Panoramio.
Accessed May 20, 2015.
This photograph depicts the Lubumbashi Catholic Church in Kinshasa, Democratic
Republic of the Congo. The photograph proves that when Henry Stanley came to
Kinshasa, he brought Christianity (religion) with him. This also connects to my thesis,
since it relates to Henry Stanley's arrival to Kinshasa.
Minton, B., and S. Kyle. "Retail margins, price transmission and price asymmetry in urban food
markets: the case of Kinshasa (Zaire)." Journal of African Economies 9, no. 1 (March
2000). Accessed May 11, 2015.
This journal entry called Retail margins, price transmission and price asymmetry in urban
food markets: the case of Kinshasa (Zaire): [1] explains the infrastructure, retail markets,
and gives perspective on the informal sector in Kinshasa. The journal gives information
about workers who work on small-scale operations, such as food markets. I would use
this to help build up my subsection on my website of Infrastructure. The source would
help me tie its infrastructure to its economic development, and unemployment rates.
Parisel, Philippe, and Lelo Nzuzi. "Kinshasa: Walls That Speak." African Studies Center 28, no.
3 (1995). Accessed May 11, 2015.
Kinshasa: Walls that speak supports the religion and socioeconomics of Kinshasa,
Democratic Republic of the Congo. The journal entry shows that Christianity is the
prominent religion in Kinshasa, and how Kinois must do odd and unique jobs in order to
survive. The journal helps me gather my information about the socioeconomic status of
Kinshasa (developing), and helps structure my beliefs of what Kinshasa will look like in
the next 50 years.
Pitcher, Anne M., and Martin J. Murray. "Exploring Cityscapes: Kinshasa and Johannesburg."
African Studies Review 50, no. 3 (December 2007). Accessed May 11, 2015.
The journal article called Exploring Cityscapes: Kinshasa and Johannesburg explores the
environmental challenges in the city, and provides a quote about the megacity at whole.
The journal article provided a useful quote, which I based my thesis on. The quote
revolved around a developing infrastructure and no institutional support.
"Population Pyramid Graph - Custom Region - Congo (Kinshasa)." Chart. Accessed May 20,
2015.

The population pyramid in the database helped organize the population and age
discrepancies in relation to gender. This chart gave a visual aid, which supported the
population and sex-ratio of Kinshasa.
Public Transportation in Kinshasa, DR Congo. Photograph. Felix Masi Photography. July 14,
2012. Accessed May 20, 2015.
This source was used to find a photograph for an example of transportation. The photo
demonstrated the poor condition and lack of infrastructure. This connected to my thesis,
since it shows the poverty in Kinshasa.
Spadolini, Linda. Around Kinshasa. Photograph. Linda Spadolini. Accessed May 20, 2015.
The photograph shows a local food market in Kinshasa that mainly supplies fruits and
vegetables. The market gives evidence of the informal sector in Kinshasa, and shows how
small-scale markets are consistent throughout Kinshasa.
Tomasevic, Goman. Britain Joins Rush to Rebuild Africa's Transport Network. Photograph.
Guardian. February 19, 2009. Accessed May 20, 2015.
The source provided a visual aid for the poor quality of transportation in Kinshasa. The
photograph showed numerous people on a train. This connects to my thesis, since it
connects to the overpopulation aspect and shows the limited transportation efforts in
Kinshasa.