LTE Master Glossary 16QAM — 16-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation modulation scheme whereby each modulation symbol represents 4 bits, hence the baud (symbol) rate is four times lower than the bit rate, resulting in better use of spectral resources. In LTE, 16QAM is used on the uplink and downlink on the shared channels. 64QAM — 64-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation ‘A modulation scheme whereby each symbol represents 6 bits. Good spectral efficiency is realised, butat the cost of lower resilience against noise and interference as the decision distance is decreased. In LTE, 64QAM is used on the uplink and downlink on the shared channels (optional on the uplink). 3GPP — 3rd Generation Partnership Project ‘The standardisation body responsible for drawing up the Technical Standards (Ts) for radio technologies including GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, HSPA and LTE. 3GPP2 ~3" Generation Partnership Project 2 collaborative standardisation body responsible for third-generation standards in North ‘America and Asia, in line with the ITU's IMT-2000 initiative. 3GPP2 is responsible for the CDMA2000 group of standards. ‘AAA~ Authentication, Authorisation and Accounting Enables the establishment of a user's identity (Authentication), Authorising them to use different types of service (Authorisation) and determination of the use of network resource for the Purposes of biling and monitoring traffic volumes (Accounting) ‘ACK — Acknowledgement Confirmation that a receiving device or system is ready to receive data or communication from a transmitting device. ‘ACLR — Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio ‘transmitter characteristic included in LTE RF transmitter conformance tests, which confirm that minimum requirements are being met by the eNB and the UE. Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and Mea 7LTE Master Glossary ‘ADSL _— Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line A technology that provides higher transmission speeds over copper wire than can be achieved using Digital Subscriber Line (OSL). Higher download speeds areachievable than upload speeds. AF — Application Function ‘A third-party application server that requires dynamic policy and/or charging control over the user plane. It connects to the PCRF to transfer dynamic session information required for PCRF decisions as well as to receive bearer-specitic information and notifications about bearer-level events. An example of an AF is the P-CSCE. AIPN — All IP Network ‘Anext-generation network based upon IP and its associated protocols. ‘AKA-~ Authentication and Key Agreement Assecurity mechanism whereby a random challenge is used to generate a unique response, and adcitional keys are employed that are used to generate cipher keys. ‘AM Acknowledged Mode ‘An RLC mode of data transmission. AM is the most complex of the RLC modes of operation (see also TM and UM) and provides the most control over the data link. AM enables RLC to request the retransmission of missing packets. The DICH and DCCH are the only channels to benefit from the AM operation. ‘AMBR - Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate The AMBR limits the overall bit rate of all bearers associated with this limit for a given PDN. This parameter applies to non-guaranteed bit rate bearers only. ‘AMC- Adaptive Modulation and Coding ‘A type of link adaptation that alters the transmitted data rate by changing the modulation order and the FEC code rate. Generally, this is applied to meet an estimate of a channel's radio capacity. A-MPR ~ Additional Maximum Power Reduction ‘A means by which the network signals additional power reductions in specific deployments where there are tighter requirements of ACLB and other spectrum emission requirements. Telecoms Academy 2 ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary APN- Access Point Name ‘The APN identifies a GGSN or P-GW. It also contains a network identifier specifying the PDN to which the UE wishes to be connected, and possibly an operator identifier determining which PLN the P-GW/GGSN is located in, APN-AMBR ~ Access Point Name Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate ‘AQoS-level parameter that limits the overall bitrate of the non-guaranteed bit rate bearers that a UE is exchanging with an APN. Each APN accessed by a UE is associated with the APN- AMBR. ARFCN - Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number ‘The ARFCN defines a pair of radio channel frequencies, one for uplink transmission and one for downlink transmission. ARP — Allocation Retention Priority The primary purpose of the ARP is to determine if a bearer establishment or modification request should be accepted or rejected due to resource limitations. It can also be used to decide which bearers should be dropped, for example by the eNB during handover. ‘ARQ — Automatic Repeat Request ‘An error-control protocol that enables the receiver to request the transmitter to resend a packet when it detects an error. The packet is be retransmitted unt it is free of errors or until a predetermined number of retransmissions has been reached. AS — Access Stratum The AS consists of the parts in thenetwork infrastructure and the UE, and the protocols between them, that are specific to the access technique. It provides services related to the transmission of data over the radio interface and the management of the radio interface to the other parts of the RAT. ‘AS - Application Server An AS is able to host application services and interact for service sessions. ‘ASME — Access Security Management Entity The ASME is the network entity in charge of establishing and maintaining security associations with terminals based on keys received from the HSS. The role of the ASME is performed by the MME: Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and Mea 3LTE Master Glossary ‘AuC — Authentication Centre The AuC stores data for each subscriber to allow the IMS! to be authenticated and to enable ciphering of communication over the radio path. In LTE networks, the AuC can be considered to form a part of the HSS, AUTN~ Authentication Token The Authentication Token used by the USIM for network authentication. ‘AV — Authentication Vector ‘An AV forms the authentication and key agreement used by the HSS for network security purposes and consists of five elements (a ‘quintet’): RAND, XRES, AUTN, CK and IK. AVP — Attribute Value Pair Part of the Remote Access Diatin User Service RADIUS) protocol, an AVP is the pairing of a header, which identifies the data content, and the data itself. In other protocols the AVP would be referred to as an Information Element (IE). B2BUA - Back-to-Back User Agent The B2BUA supports thirc-party call control, typically in a SIP server. The B2BUA is two UAS operating in a back-to-back mode, one UA terminates a SIP session from a UA while the other UA in the pair is used to originate a new SIP session towards a destination BCCH - Broadcast Control Channel A downlink channel for broadcasting system control information. Information broadcast on this channel comprises details such as the operator's identity, cell configuration and access information, and is shared by ail the users in the cell. BCH— Broadcast Channel The BCH carries system information. It has a fixed and predefined transport format, largely defined by the requirement to be broadcast in the entire coverage area of the cell. BER - Bit Error Rate The BER is a measure of the number of received bits that have been wrongly decoded, hence a measure of received signal quality BGCF — Breakout Gateway Control Function ‘An IMS element used for interworking with circuit-switched facities. The BGCF selectseither an MGCE, if breakout is in the same network, or a BGCF in another network when breakout is in a visited network. The BGCF interfaces with the S-CSCF for SIP-based signalling. t can also generate CDRs for biling purposes. Telecoms Academy 7 ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying ‘A modulation scheme that conveys one bit per symbol, the values of each bit being represented by opposite phases of the carrier. CCCH — Common Control Channel ‘The CCCH is used for transmitting control information between UES and network. It is used for UEs having no BRC connection with the network, hence it would be used during the earliest phases of communication establishment. CCF Charging Collection Function The CCF is broadly equivalent to the CGF defined for GPRS PS services, but with additional functionality CCN - Cell Change Notification A form of cell reselection that enables interaction with GPRS. CCO - Cell Change Order Amessage sent from the E-UTRAN to a UE in the BRC_CONNECTED state telling it to move to a GERAN. The CCO also contains information regarding access and/or connection establishment in the target cell CDD- Cyclic Delay Diversity ‘A technique that adds antenna-specific cyclic time shifts to create multipath artificially on the received signal and prevents signal cancellation caused by the close spacing of the transmit antennas. CDMA — Code Division Multiple Access CDMA allows all signals to share the same frequency and time domains. In order to distinguish signals at the receiver, unique codes are attached to each signal. CDMA is the multiple access scheme used in UMTS, CDMA2000 — Code Division Multiple Access 2000 ‘A family of third-generation technologies approved by IMT-2000. CDMA2000, deployed worldwide, currently includes the 1X and EV-DO standards. CDR - Call Details Record Information relating to a chargeable event, The information is used for biling and accounting purposes. Information includes the time the call was set up, its duration, and the amount of data transferred, Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and MeaLTE Master Glossary CGF - Charging Gateway Function The CGF is an offiine charging function that receives CDRs from the Charging Data Function (CDF) and forwards them across the Bx interface to the Biling Domain (BD), CHAP — Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol Used by the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) to validate the identities of users, and supported by the Remote Access Dial In User Service (RADIUS). CID - Cell 1D The CID identifies a particular cell within the LTE system. A CID can be either Global or Physical CK — Cipher Key Part of the ‘quintet’ of security parameters comprising the AV and used by the HSS for user authentication purposes. Like IK, CK is required for secure ciphering and integrity functions. ‘The UE calculates IK in the same way as the HSS in order not to compromise security; CK is never exchanged over the radio interface. CMAS - Commercial Mobile Alert System Enables alerts and warnings to be sent to subscribers in the form of text messages, for ‘example during natural disasters and emergencies. CN- Core Network ‘The part of the overall network that is independent of the RAN. The CN facilitates the transport of user data between the UE and any application whether resident within or outside of the CN. Key CN functions include Mobility Management (VII), Connection Management (CM), Session Management (SM), charging, network management, service provision, and interaction with extemal networks. CO Compressed One of two packet types described for ROHC. CO contains the compressed header and the user data information The level of compression in the header will depend on the compression algorithm in use and the feedback received. The other packet type is|nitialisation and Refresh (a. Co-MIMO — Cooperative Multiple Input Multiple Output ‘The essential element of Co-MIMO is that two separate entities are involved at the transmission end, for example twoeNNBs, which ‘collaborate’ by sharing data streams to pre-code the spatially separate antennas for optimal communication with at least one UE. Telecoms Academy @ ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary CP Control Plane ‘The CP manages the process for establishing bearers in the radio network layer. Typical control plane protocols include PDCP, RLC, MAG, and RRC. CP - Cyclic Prefix A set of samples that have been duplicated from the end of one transmitted symbol and appended cyclically to the beginning of the symbol. CPG — Continuous Packet Connectivity CPC is an Release 7 enhancement that airs to reduce transmission overheads and decrease latency, especially in relation to HSPA, CPRI-Common Public Radio Interface A standard for a digital interface between the signal processing part of the eNB and the antenna. CQI- Channel Quality Indication ‘An indication sent by the UE to the base station, indicating a suitable data rate for downlink data transmissions. This generally takes the form of an MSC value. The CQI is usually derived from a measurement of the downlink SINR and awareness of the UE’s receiver characteristics. CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check ‘A technique for detecting errors in data transmission. A checksum is appended to the transmitted data, by which means the receiver can detect if an error has occurred during transmission. If so it will return a NACK to the receiver. C-RNTI - Cell - Radio Network Temporary Identifier ‘A.unique identifier allocated to a UE by an eNB. A new C-RNTI will be allocated whenever the UE relocates to a different cell CSCF — Call Session Control Function ‘The most significant element in the IMS. The CSCF can operate in one of three modes: P- CSCF, |-CSCF and S-CSCF. The CSCF is a SIP-based node which performs a number of functions depending on the type of CSCF and the context. CSFB — Circuit Switched FalBack CSFB allows a user to attach to an LTE network and complete a voice call (or other supported circuit-switched service) through the circuit-switched domains of a 2G/3G network. Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and MeaLTE Master Glossary CSG - Closed Subscriber Group ‘A group of subscribers who are permitted to access an otherwise restricted cell, such as a HeNB. The use of a CSG Identity (CSG ID) controls users who are allowed to access the cell. CSRC- Contributing Source A field in an RTP packet that indicates how many identifiers follow, one for each source that contributed to the payload in this packet CW- Code Word CW is LTE-specific terminology referring to signals and signal processing. The CW represents user data before it is formatted for transmission. There are two CWs, CWO and CW1; which is used will depend on channel conditions and circumstances. DCCH - Dedicated Control Channel A point-to-point bidirectional channel that transmits dedicated control information between a UE and the network. DCI — Downlink Control Information Control signaling messages sent on PDCCH, e.g. downlink resource assignments and uplink transmission allocations. DFT Discrete Fourier Transform ‘A mathematical transform used to switch periodic waveforms from a time-domain representation to a frequency-domain representation. DFT-SOFDM — Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Over OFDM The name sometimes given to the process by which data symbols in the time domain are converted to the frequency domain using a DET, then mapped in the frequency domain to the desired location in the overall channel bandwidth before being converted back to the time domain using an IEET. DG — Duplex Gap ‘A margin denoting the separation between the uplink and downlink radio channels. DHCP — Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol The protocol that allocates IP addresses and other configuration information to devices on an IP network. Telecoms Academy 3 ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary DiffServ — Differentiated Services A mechanism that provides a simple method of categorising data traffic into Classes of Service (CoS) based on QoS. The need for QoS signaling is eliminated in DiffServ, resulting in a much more efficient and scaleable end-to-end QoS solution DL-Downlink The direction of traffic flow from the network to the end terminal, DL-SCH — Downlink Shared Channel This channel carries downlink signalling and traffic. t also supports both dynamic and semi- static resource allocation and also, optionally, DRX. The DL-SCH also supports MBMS. transmissions. DL TFT— Downlink Traffic Flow Template ADL TFTis a set of downlink packet fiters in a TET. The UE uses DL TFT to map the traffic in the downlink and to associate EPS bearer modification or activation procedures to an application and to traffic flow aggregates. DM RS - Demodulation Reference Signal ‘The DM RS is associated with transmission of data on the PUSCH and control data on the PUCCH. It is primarily used to derive the channel estimate for coherent demodulation. DRB — Data Radio Bearer Arradio bearer that carriers user data rather than signalling information. DRX — Discontinuous Reception The method by which a receiver is switched off periodically, thereby helping to preserve a device's battery ite. DICH — Dedicated Traffic Channel point-to-point channel dedicated to one UE for the transfer of user information. It also carries signalling from the application layers. DwPTS- Downlink Pilot Time Slot ‘A timeslot, usually occurring in the second sub-frame of a TDD radio frame, providing a downlink transmission/reception opportunity. E— Extension Bit/Field (MAC) A field in the MAC PDU that indicates the presence of the LCID and Length fields. Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and Mea 7LTE Master Glossary E — Extension Bit/Field (RLC) Indicates the nature of the data following the sequence number in the header, specifically whether there is more header information. The E field may indicate a set of additional information fields such as the Length Indicator (L) field EARFCN — E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number ‘A numerical value that identifies an LTE channel centre frequency. For FDD channels a separate EARCEN describes the uplink and downlink. For TDD channels one EARFCN describes both the uplink and downlink directions, EARFCNs are spaced in steps of 100 kHz across each defined LTE band EDGE — Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution ‘An enhancement to 2.5G GPRS, and sometimes regarded as a pre-3G technology, EDGE uses the Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) and Octagonal Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation schemes, enabling a significant increase in data rates compared to GPRS. ECF — Event Charging Function ‘An IMS function that is used to collect biling data for charging purposes. ECM - EPS Connection Management ANAS state that indicates whether the UE is either Idle or Connected in respect of the EPC. EHPLMN — Enhanced Home Public Land Mobile Network ‘Any PLN that is listed in the USIM as being equivalent to the HPLMIN. An EHPLMN will be treated in the same way as the HPLMN in all network and cell selection procedures. EIR — Equipment Identity Register The EIR is the logical entity which stores IMEIs of terminals used in the GERAN, UTRAN and E- UTRAN, and which identities terminals that are blacklisted, i.e. lost, stolen or faulty. The EIR comprises three lists, black, white and grey. The white list is a number of all IMEls that are permitted to use the network; the black list contains IMEls that are barred, and the grey list contains numbers that are being tracked by the network (for evaluation, for example) eKSI — Key Set Identifier in E-UTRAN The KSI used specifically in the E-UTRAN. The KS! is identifier used during the UE’s authentication procedure, enabling the ongoing ciphering of communications with a UE without the need for reauthentication. Telecoms Academy 0 ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary E-MBMS - Enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services ‘An advanced form of BMS and one of the design goals set out for further enhancement of the E-UTRAN, EMM —Evolved-packet-system Mobility Management ANAS funetion that supports the mobility of a user equipment, ie. whether itis registered or deregistered, and providing information to the network about its present location and user identity confidentiality NB ~ evolved Node B The eNB js the ‘base station’ in the LTE/SAE architecture and is therefore responsible for supporting the air interface between the system and the UE. Each eNB will provide one or more cells of radio coverage. The eNB hosts much more functionality than base station elements in previous architectures, EP — Elementary Procedure ‘An X2AP EP is a unit of interaction between two eNBs. Two kinds of EPs are used: Class 1, 1nd Class 2, which are without which contain a response message, i.e, sticoess or failure; response. EPC - Evolved Packet Core The core network in LTE/SAE. The EPC lies at the heart of the all IP core network and contains ‘a number of functional elements that manage the mobility between LTE access and non-LTE access. The main elements of the EPC include the MME, HSS, PDN GW and SGW. The two principle functions of the EPC are high-speed packet handling and mobility management. ePDG - evolved Packet Data Gateway Used in non-trusted cases to secure data transmission for UEs connected to an untrusted, non-3GPP network, such as a WLAN. The ePDG carries all the traffic from the non-3GPP- access network via a secure tunnel (sed) over the Wn interface. EPS — Evolved Packet System ‘The term used to describe the overall LTE system, ie. the core network (EPC) and access network together. The EPS is based on a ‘flattened’ architecture, resulting in fewer ‘hops’ in any connection, which reduces latency time and therefore improves quality. The EPS is designed to support lovatency IP services with negotiated end-to-end QoS flows. All interfaces are IP based, so the network by designis aimed at packet mode services. Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and Mea 7LTE Master Glossary ESM — Evolved-packet-system Session Management ESM supports EPS bearer context handling in the UE and in the MME. It consists of procedures for EPS bearer context activation, deactivation and modification, and resource request by the UE. ETWS - Earthquake and Tsunami Waring System ‘A service provided to PLMN operators enabling them to deliver, via cell broadcast, Waming Notifications simultaneously to all UES capable of receiving them within a given area, advising them of the nature of the emergency and the action they should take. E-UTRA - Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access LTE's radio access technology. E-UTRAN — Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network The LTE radio access network. Optimised for packet data, the E-UTRAN uses the OFDMA and ‘SC-FDMA radio access technologies. F —Format Field This field in the MAC header indicates the size of the Length Field. The field is set to O if the size of the MAC control field or MAC SDUis less than 128 bytes; otherwise it is set to 1 FC - Full Context ‘One of the levels in the ROHC decompressor state machine. FC is the level during which ‘compressed packets with the correct ROHC are exchanged by the decompressor. FDD — Frequency Division Duplex The uplink and downlink operate on separate frequency bands (paired spectrum). To prevent overlap problems between the uplink and downlink and avoid interference between signals, @ duplex separation is used in FDD. FDD is suited to wide-area coverage since it requires fewer base stations in order to provide the same coverage at any particular bit rate. FDD-HD — Frequency Division Duplex — Half Duplex ‘A communication method whereby transmission and reception take place alternately. FDM — Frequency Division Multiplexing ‘A technology that uses multiple frequencies to simultaneously transmit muti signals in parallel, Each signal has its own frequency range (sub carrier) which is then modulated by data, Each suib-carrier is separated by a guard band to ensure that they do not overlap. These sub- carriers are then demodulated at the receiver by using fiters to separate the bands. Telecoms Academy % ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary FDMA — Frequency Division Multiple Access FDMA schemes divide a spectrum allocation into smaller frequency segments, allocating each signal a different frequency. FEC — Forward Error Correction A method that allows a receiver to detect and correct errors without the need for retransmission, thereby reducing the amount of overhead on the system. This is achieved by the addition of redundancy to the transmitted data. FFT —Fast Fourier Transform ‘An efficient algorithm used to calculate the DFT and its inverse, the most commonly used algorithm being the Radix-2 Cooley-Tukey algorithm, whereby the transform is divided into pieces of size N/2 at each step. All input sequences therefore have to be a power of 2. F1— Framing Information Field ‘The F field, part of the RLC packet header, indicates if the first and/or last byte of the data field is the first/or last byte of an RL SDU. FMS - First Missing SDU A 12-bit field in the PDCP status report indicating the sequence number of the first missing PDCP SDU. FS — Frame Structure Describes how the radio frames are subdivided in the time domain. In LTE there are two Frame ‘Structures: FS1 and FS2, FS1— Frame Structure 1 The timing structure used on the uplink and downlink of the EDD channels. FS2— Frame Structure 2 The timing structure used on the IDD channels. FSPL.— Free Space Path Loss In the free space path loss model, energy radiated from the source decays in proportion to the ‘square of the distance; a doubling of distance will increase the path loss by a factor of four. FTP— File Transfer Protocol ‘An applicatior-layer protocol that is used to transfer files from one device to another across the Internet using TCP/IP. Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and Mea 3LTE Master Glossary GBR Guaranteed Bit Rate ‘The GBR denotes the bit rate that can be expected to be provided by a GBR Bearer. This is only relevant to bearers where a guaranteed QoS is required, for example voice services. GERAN - GSM EDGE Radio Access Network ‘The radio access part of a GSM network that has been enhanced with EDGE. GGSN — Gateway GPRS Support Node ‘Aform of IP router that stores subscription information and routing information for each subscriber for which the GGSN has at least one Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context active. This information is used to tunnel packet data destined for a GPRS terminal through to the SGSN where the terminal is registered. GP — Guard Period ‘A time period used to prevent overlap between two signals. In LTE half-duplex EDD operation, a guard period is generated by the UE by not receiving the last part of a downlink sub-frame immediately preceding an uplink suib-frame that it sends. In TDD mode a guard period is used to prevent overlap between uplink and downlink transmission. in OFDM operation, the guard period is filled with a cyclic prefix to prevent inter-symbol interference. GPRS - General Packet Radio Service ‘A.2.5G technology that added packet-data functionality to the 2G GSM system. GRE - Generic Routing Encapsulation A tunnelling protocol used by PMIP for uplink traffic at the PDN GW. GTP - GPRS Tunnelling Protocol An IP-based terminal that enables packet routing to moving terminals. It comprises two parts for the user plane and control plane, GTP-U and GTP-C. GTP-C — GPRS Tunnelling Protocol - Control Plane ‘The part of GTP which is used within the EPC for tumneliing and location management. It tunnels signalling messages between the SGSN and the IMME on the S3 interface, between the ‘SGSN and the SGW on the S4 interface, between the SGW and the PDN GW on the S5/S8 interface, between MMEs on the $10 interface, and between the MME and the SGW on the S11 interface. GTP-U — GPRS Tunnelling Protocol — User plane Tunnels user data between an eNNB and an SGW, and between an SGW and a PDN GW. GTP- Vis also responsible for encapsulating all enc-user IP packets. Telecoms Academy 7 ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary GUTI- Globally Unique Temporary Identity Provides an clear identification of the UE while not revealing the UE or the user's permanent identity in the EPS. It also allows the identification of the MME and the network. The network and the UE can use it to establish the UE’s identity during signalling exchanges in the EPS. GX Reference Point Resides between the PCEF and the PCRF and enables a PCRF to have dynamic control over the PCC behaviour at a PCEF. The reference point enables the signalling of PCC decisions governing PCC behaviour. Gxa Reference Point Provides transfer of QoS policy information from the PCRF to the trusted non-3GPP accesses. Gxc Reference Point Provides transfer of QoS policy information from the PCRF to the SGW. Gy Reference Point Resides between the OCS and the PCEF and enables online credit control for service-data-flow based charging. Gz Reference Point Resides between the PCEF and the OFCS and enables transport of service-datafiow based offfine charging information. HARQ — Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request HARG js basically a combination of ARQ and FEC techniques. Two types of HARQ are Chase ‘combining (HARQ Type-1) and Incremental Redundancy (IR) (HARQ Typerl). In LTE, the HARQ functional entity is responsible for generating retransmissions in accordance with the HARQ protocol. HCS — Hierarchical Cell Structure The spitting of the network into different cell layers to increase geographical coverage and capacity, i.e. macrocells, microcells and picocells. HeNB - Home evolved Node B ‘A cellular base station designed for indoor home or small office environments. The HeNB usually connects to the service-provider network via fixed-line broadband, i.e. DSL or cable, The HeNB has all the functionality of a normal eNB except that it will have limited capacity and transmit power capability. HeNB is the 3GPP term for a femtocell Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and MeaLTE Master Glossary HeNB GW — Home evolved Node B Gateway Connects the HeNB to the EPC. The use of the HeNB GW allows the S11 interface to support a large number of HeNBs if required. HIl— High Interference Indicator ‘A message from one eNB informing a neighbouring eNB that it will be scheduling uplink transmissions from cell-edge UEs at some time in the near future. The neighbour eNB can then account for this when performing its celkedge scheduling, HLR — Home Location Register The HLR contains subscriber information, for example the EPS-subscribed QoS profile, and roaming restrictions. It is the register to which a subscriber is assigned. It also contains information enaloling charging and packet routing of messages to the area where the mobile is currently registered (for packet data suppor), plus various location-service-related information if that is also supported. In LTE, the HLR can be considered to form part of the HSS. H-PCRF — Home Policy and Charging Rules Function ‘An element that encompasses policy and charging control decision functionalities in the HPLMN and the VPLMN. It includes functionality for both home and visited network access. HPLMN — Home Public Land Mobile Network This subsoriber's home network, i.e. where the Mobile Country Code (MC) and Mobile Network Code (INC) of the PLIMN identity match the MCC and MNC of the MSI. HSDPA — High Speed Downlink Packet Access The first phase of HSPA enhancements to 3G networks, included in the 3GPP Release 5 specifications. HSDPA increases the downlink capacity for asymmetric applications such as Intemet access, TV, video-on-demand, and MP3 download. The theoretical maximum downlink speed for HSDPA is 14.4 Mbps. HSPA — High Speed Packet Access HSPA is a Release 5/Release 6 enhancement to 3G networks, which increased mobile broadband speeds so that they were more akin to those of DSL-type broadband. HSDPA was specified in R5, and HSUPA came afterwards, in R6. HSPA enhancements include 16QAM modulation techniques, shorter radio frames, and new functionalities such as retransmissions. between a UMTS Node B and a Radio Network Controller (RNC). HSPA+ — High Speed Packet Access Evolved HSPA+ is a SGPP Release 7 evolution of the HSDPA and HSUPA technologies which further enhances both uplink and downlink speeds. The main improvements are gained through the use of high-level modulation such as QAM, and MIMO antenna systems. Telecoms Academy % ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary HSS — Home Subscriber Server ‘The HSS in LTE combines the functions of the HLR and the AuC. HSUPA — High Speed Uplink Packet Access HSUPA is a SGPP Release 6 feature and is part of HSPA family. The main aim of HSUPA is to improve performance of uplink-dedicated transport channels by increasing capacity and throughput and reducing delay. It offers data speeds of up to 5.76 Mbps in the uplink. It achieves its high performance through more efficient uplink scheduling in the base station and faster retransmission control. ICI — Inter-Carrier Interference ‘A problem that arises in OFDM when the transmitter and receiver do not operate with the same frequency reference, thereby losing the orthogonality of the subcarriers, which causes carrier leakage. E-CSCF — interrogating Call Session Control Function The LCSCF is the first point of contact in an operator's network for incoming signalling for a user of that network or for a roamer currently using that network. The -CSCF is responsible for allocating the correct S-CSCF for each session. This decision may be based on a range of factors, including the service that is being requested. IDFT — Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform ‘A mathematical transform used to switch periodic waveforms from a frequency-domain representation to a time-domain representation. IE — Information Element A parameter within a signalling message. IFFT — Inverse Fast Fourier Transform Converts frequency domain signals into the time domain, IK Integrity Key Part of the ‘quintet’ of security parameters comprising the AV and used by the HSS for user authentication purposes. Like CK, IK is required for secure ciphering and integrity functions. The UE calculates IK in the same way as the HSS in order not to compromise security; IK is never exchanged over the radio interface. IM — Implementation Margin The IM is a margin considered in the performance requirements, making allowance for any shortfalls in practical implementations. Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and Mea 7LTE Master Glossary IMEI — International Mobile Equipment Identity A.unique number, implemented by the device manufacturer, which is allocated to each UE in the PLM. The IMEI enables the network to know where specific UEs are in the network, The main purpose of the IMEI is to keep track of equipment that has been stolen or that no longer functions properly such that it causes problems in the network. A list of IMEI numbers is stored in the EIR IMPI — Internet Protocol Multimedia Private Identity ‘A unique identity permanently allocated to any IMS network user by the home network operators, and used for functions such as registration and AAA purposes. Every IMS user has one or more IMPI. The IMPI is identical in concept to the IMEI. IMPU ~ Internet Protocol Multimedia Public Identity The IMPU is allocated to a user of the IIMS for the purpose of communication with other users. ‘There can be multiple IMPUs per IMP. The IMPU can also be used by more than one device, for example a number of devices within a household. The IMPU is identical in concept to the Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number (MSISDN). IMS — Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem ‘The IMS comprises all the core network elements necessary for provision of IP multimedia services via the UTRAN and E-UTRAN. IMSI- International Mobile Subscriber Identity ‘A unique identifier allocated to each network subscriber. The number is a maximum of 15 digits in length and comprises Mobile Network Code (MNC), Mobile Country Code (MCC) and Mobile ‘Subscriber Identification Number (MSIN). IMT2000 — International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 The ITU's global standard for 3G communications. IMT-2000 systems provide access to a wide range of increasingly packet-based telecommunication services, which are supported by both fixed and mobile networks. IMT-Advanced The ITU's family of standards determining a set of requirements for the next generation of telecommunication systems. Requirements for IMT-Advanced systems go beyond those of IMT-2000. IMT-Advanced systems support low to high-mobility applications and a wide range of data rates, offering fast data access and high-quality multimedia applications over a number of different platfoms, while offering signification improvement in QoS and performance. 3GPP’s Release 10 series of specifications is considered applicable to these criteria. Telecoms Academy % ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary P — Internet Protocol The main protocol for transmitting blocks of data across the Internet. IP is responsible for addressing and routing packets from a source to a destination host. There are two IP addressing schemes, version 4 ((Pv4), and version 6 (IPv@). IPv4 uses 32-bit addressing (4 billion addresses), while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses. IPv6 therefore resolves the problem inherent in IPv4, ie. that the number of available addresses limits the number of hosts that can be attached to the Internet. IP-CAN - Internet Protocol Connectivity Access Network ‘The network elements and interfaces that provide IP. connectivity between the IIVIS and a UE. IPsec—IP security IPsec is an end-to-end networklayer security system that authenticates and encrypts packets in @ communication session between networks/hosts. IPsec authenticates the data origin, ie. that it was originated by the claimed sender; provides for data integrity, verifying that the contents of a packet are not changed in transit; provides for relay protection, i.e. protecting against interception; and automatically manages cryptographic keys and security associations, providing for mutual authentication between agents. IR — Initialisation and Refresh One of two packet types described for ROHC. IR contains the static and dynamic fields of the packet header (uncompressed); this is used when the transmission starts or when negative feedback is used. The other packet type is Compressed (CO). ISI- Inter-Symbol Interference ‘A form of signal distortion resulting from time dispersion in the channel in which symbol power is spread in time into preceding and following symbol periods, ISIM—IP Multimedia Subscriber Identity Module ‘An application running on a UICC card in a 3G terminal that utilises the IMS. The ISIM holds the subscriber's IMPU and MPL ISR Idle-mode Signalling Reduction ‘A feature that reduces the amount of signalling activity required by the UE and by the UTRAN/GERAN/E-UTRAN when the UE roams between LTE and 2G/3G networks. ISR allows the UE to remain registered wih both UTRAN/GERAN and E-UTRAN, hence to make cell reselections without the need for TA or LA updates. It also improves battery life. Itis an important feature in early deployments. Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and Mea 3LTE Master Glossary IWF = Inter-Working Function ‘An IWF provides the functionality to allow interworking of differing networks such as the Integrated Services Digital Network (SDN), Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and PDNs. KSI — Key Set Identifier ‘An identiier used during the UE’s authentication procedure, enabling the ongoing ciphering of communications with a UE without the need for reauthentication. L—Length Field A field in the MAC header that indicates the length of the MAC SDU or Control Field. L2PDB - L2 Packet Delay Budget L2PDB describes the maximum time that a link layer SDU can spend transiting through RLC and MAC layers between the access node and the UE. L2PLR - L2 Packet Loss Rate L2PLR describes the maximum ratio of Layer 2 packets that have not been successfully delivered. This parameter is intended for RLC and MAC HARQ configuration, LA- Location Area A predefined area within a PLMIN which comprises a number of base stations. Each LA has its ‘own Location Area Code (LAC). LAC - Location Area Code ‘A 2-octet parameter contained in the LA\, the LAC identifies one LA within a LIVIN. Within the LTE system the UE is required to read the LAC when it detects an UTRAN cell LA|~ Location Area Identification The LAI identifies one LA within a PLMIN by its Mobile Country Code (MCC), Mobile Network Code (MNC) and Location Area Code (LAC). LCID — Logical Channel Identity A field in the MAC header that describes the logical channel instance, e.g. CCCH or the types ‘of MAC control element. LMA -— Local Mobility Anchor ‘The home agent for the mobile node in a PIMIPv6 domain. Telecoms Academy ® ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary LMAA- Local Mobility Anchor Address The LMAA is a PMIP global address, which is configured on the local mobility anchor's: interface. |Pv4 and IPv6 addressing is supported, LNA Low Noise Amplifier ‘Amplifies the desired signal without distortion but adds as little noise as possible. LTE -Long Term Evolution The Long Term Evolution of UMTS is a the latest standard from 3GPP. LTE aims to bring a significantly improved user experience, with higher dater rates and full mobility. Itis a fully |P- based system for both voice and data, with end-to-end oS. The radio access network, the E- UTRAN, uses OFDM and SC-FDMA technology, and the system makes uses of MIMO and ‘smart antennas to daiver their goals. The new core network, the Evolved Packet Core (EPO), has a reduced number of network elements and its functionality has been simplified, allowing seamless handover as users move between other fixed and wireless technologies. UE complexity is also reduced. LTE-Advanced LTE-Advanced is the term used by3GPP to identify systems that are regarded as being candidate technologies for IMT-Advanced, Release 10 is considered to fall into this category. MAC — Medium Access Control ‘An aii interface protocol that controls channel access processes, allowing many users to share resources. The primary task of MAC is to map and multiplex the logical and transport channels. Data flow priority handling from the RLC layer is also carried out in the MAC layer. MAC-I—Message Authentication Code — Integrity ‘A.unique signature based on the contents of the data field. Signature checking or verification at the receiving side detects any changes to the data field. MAG — Mobile Access Gateway ‘A funetional entity introduced by PMIPV6. It performs mobility management on behalf of a mobile node. MAPL - Maximum Allowable Path Loss ‘calculation of the system gain (a measure of the maximum drop of power from the transmit antenna to the receive antenng) less any environmental margins such as building or foliage loss, clutter margin, body loss and noise rise margin. Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and Mea orLTE Master Glossary MAC PDU-— Medium Access Control Protocol Data Unit ‘The MAC PDU (also known as a Transport Block (IE) carries MAC layer control data and upper layer user information and signalling over the logical and transport channels in a MAC PDU. The PDU consist of a MAC header, MAC control elements and the SDU. The SDU contains the data from the upper layers. A MAC PDU is sent from the MAC layer to the Physical layer once per TI MBMS - Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service ‘An unidirectional point-to-muttipoint bearer service in which data is transmitted from a single source to multiple recipients, MBMS GW - Multimedia Multicast Broadcast Service Gateway ‘A functional node that enables MIBMS data to be passed to the E-UTRAN. The MBMS GW acts as the collation point for MBMS data from providers for onward transmission to eNBs. MBR — Maximum Bit Rate ‘The MBR limits the bit rate that can be expected from a GBR bearer and excess traffic may be discarded. MBR parameters help to set a limit on the data rate expected for the service. MBSFN ~ Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network ‘A mode of operation whereby eMBMS is implemented using mult-cell transmission over an SEN. Transmissions are synchronised such that each arrives at the UE within the OFDM CP, thereby avoiding |S. This mode of operation is applied only in TDD mode and involves halving the standard subcarrier spacing from 15 kHz to 7.5 kHz. MCCH - Multicast Control Channel Apoint-to-multipoint downlink channel used for transmitting MBM control information from the network to the UE, for one or several TCHS. This channel is only used by UEs that receive MBMS. MCE - Multi-cell/multicast Coordination Entity ‘A functional node that enables MIBMS data to be passed to the E-UTRAN. The MCE deals with admission control and the efficient and coordinated allocations of resources across multiple eNBs. MCH - Multicast Channel The MCH is associated with the multicast services from the upper layers and as such there is a requirement to broadcast both control and user data over the entire coverage area of the cell. It also supports the SEN as a semi-static resource allocation, Telecoms Academy z ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary MCS - Modulation and Coding Scheme A transmission's modulation order and code rate, such as 16QAM, 64QAM and QPSK. MGCF — Media Gateway Control Function The MGCF is a protocol interface between circuit-switched networks which might employ Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) signalling such as the ISDN User Part (ISUP), and the lS SIP signaling. Based on this signalling itis able to control the necessary resources within the MGW. to complete calls which come from, or are going to, acircuit-switched network. For calls coming into the IMS from a circuit-switched network, the MGCF is acting as a SIP User Agent as far as the IMS is concerned. MGL-— Measurement Gap Length ‘A period of time enaboling the UE to identify and measure inter-frequency and/or inter-RAT cells. During the measurement gap the UE does not transmit any data, and should not tune its receiver on the E-UTRAN serving carrier frequency. The measurement gap length is 6 ms whether gap patter 0 or 1 is used. MGRP — Measurement Gap Repetition Period The length of time between a UE’s measurement gaps. The measurement gap period is either 40 ms or 80 ms depending on the UE’s gap pattem configuration. MGW — Media Gateway ‘The MGW contains the necessary codecs and other resources required to interface a circuit- switched bearer to an IP ‘bearer’ supporting RTP streams. MIB — Master Information Block ‘A block of system information that contains critical information enabling the UE to access the network. Information includes downlink system bandwidth, number of transmit antennas, PHICH configuration, and SEN. The MIB is transmitted every 40 ms on the BCCH mapped to the BCH transport channel. MIMO — Muttiple Input Multiple Output Atransmission method that requires two or more transmitters and two or more receivers at each antenna. A combination of space and time diversity techniques are used to improve the received signal. MIMO can be used to increase either the effective range of a system or the channel throughput (without increasing bandwidth). A MIMO system with two transmit and two receive antennas can support twice the throughput compared to a single antenna system — in the same channel bandwidth. Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and Mea 2LTE Master Glossary MISO — Multiple Input Single Output Also known as ‘transmit diversity’. Each transmit antenna transmits essentially the same stream of data, The multipath environment impacts upon the transmitted signal resulting in the arrival of time-displaced replicas of the same signal at the receiver. This is used to improve the SNR at the receiver and thus the reliability of data transmission. MM - Mobility Management A set of core-network functions that enable UEs to move around within the network and between different access networks, including roaming, handover and authentication procedures. MME ~ Mobility Management Entity ‘The MME is the primary signalling node in the EPC. NAS signalling is terminated at this point, including signaling related to bearer establishment and authentication of the UEs through interaction with the HSS. It is also the decision point for SGW selection, and MME, SGW selection during handover where EPC node change is necessary. The MME handles roaming functions such as allocation of temporary identities, admission control and communication with the home HSS on the S6a interface. MN - Mobile Node This term is used to refer to an IP host or router whose mobility is managed by the network. MN-HNP — Mobile Node Home Network Prefix A prefix assigned to the link between the MIN and the MAG, More than one prefix can be assigned to the link between the mobile node and the MAG. In this instance, all assigned prefixes are managed as a set associated with a mobility session, MN-HoA — Mobile Node Home Address APMIP identity taken from an IMN’s home network prefix. The MN can use this address as long as itis attached to the access network that is in the scope of that PMIPv6 domain. MN-Identifier ‘The identity of an MN in the PMIPv6 domain. MN-LL-Identifier - Mobile Node Link Layer Identifier ‘An identifier that defines the attached interface of an MIN. MPR — Maximum Power Reduction Avreduction in the power output of the UE due to the use of a high-order modulation scheme. Telecoms Academy @ ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary MRF — Multimedia Resource Function ‘The MRF provides media resources for announcements and conference services. It consists of ‘two sub-functions, the Media Resource Function Controller (VIREC) and the Media Resource Function Processor (BFP). MRFC ~ Media Resource Function Controller ‘The MRFC interfaces to the S-CSCF using SIP, which allows the server to control the functionality of the MRE as required by services residing on the AS. The MRFC can then select the appropriate media resources in the IMIREP. It can also generate CDRS for biling. MRFP— Media Resource Function Processor The MRFP connects to traffic bearers and can provide transcoding functions, connections to announcements and stream mixing (for conference services). MTCH — Multicast Traffic Channel A point-to-multipoint downlink channel for transmitting traffic data from the network to the UE. This channel is only used by UEs that receive MBMS. MTU— Maximum Transmission Unit ‘The largest Protocol Data Unit (DU) that can be passed through a network, MU-MIMO — Multiple User Multiple Input Multiple Output ‘A feature used only in the uplink direction, where an NB has MIMO capability but the UE does not. The uplink channel is configured such that a MIMO effect is created from two separate UEs sharing the same allocated resource. This enables the capacity gains of MIMO to be realised at cell level, although individual users are limited to rates equivalent to those of a non- MIMO ISO) channel NAGC — Network Assisted Cell Change Connected-mode inter-RAT functionality that enables mobility between E-UTRAN to GERAN. The NACC procedure supports both handover and Cell Change Order (CCQ). NACC is only applicable for mobilty to the GERAN. NACK — Negative Acknowledgement AHARQ indication that one or more blocks of data have not been received or have not been successfully decoded. Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and Mea 2LTE Master Glossary NAS— Non-Access Stratum ‘A functional layer comprising the protocols that operate between the UE and the EPC. In LTE, the NAS is responsible for session management and mobility management between the MIME and the UE. NF ~ Noise Figure ‘An indication of the noise performance of a receiver, OFCS - Offline Charging System ‘The function whereby billing information is collected concurrently with resource usage, but unlike online charging (CS), this information does not affect, in real time, the services rendered. Instead, the charging information is passed through a number of logical charging functions, after which CDRs are generated and passed to the operator's billing domain. OCS - Online Charging System ‘The OCS performs reattime credit control. Its functionality includes transaction handling, rating, online correlation and management of subscriber accounts/balances. Online charging can affect services in real time, therefore direct interaction between the charging mechanism and bearer/session/service control is necessary. OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM is similar to FDM, but much more spectrally efficient because the sub-channels are spaced much closer together (unt they are overlapping). This is done by finding orthogonal frequencies (perpendicular in a mathematical sense), allowing the spectrum of each sub- channel to overlap another without interfering with it. The effect is that the required bandwidth is greatly reduced, OFDMA — Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access OFDMA allows some sub-carriers to be assigned to different users. These groups of sub- carriers are known as sub-channels. Scalable OFDMA allows smaller EFT sizes to improve performance (efficiency) for lower bandwidth channels. O1- Overload Indicator ‘An uplink message indicating the physical layer measurement of average uplink interference, Levels of low, medium and high can be expressed. P— Polling bit ‘A field in the RLC AM PDU. If Pis set to 1, the transmitting RLC AM entity requires a status report from its peer entity. If it does not, the field is set to 0. Telecoms Academy % ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary PAPR — Peak to Average Power Ratio ‘The PAPRis the ratio between a signal's average transmit power and its maximum transmit power. PBA — Proxy Binding Acknowledgement ‘APMIPV6 reply message sent by an LIMA in response to a Proxy Binding Update message that has been received from a MAG. PBCH — Physical Broadcast Channel ‘The system information is transmitted cyclically within BCH transport blocks and mapped to four sub-frames over a 40 ms interval. Each sub-frameis assumed to be self-decodable, i.. the BCH can be decoded from a single reception, assuming sufficiently good channel conditions. PBU — Proxy Binding Update ‘A request message used within PMIPv6. The message is sent by a MAG to an MN’s local mobility anchor to establish a binding between the MN's home network prefixles) and its current Proxy-CoA, PCC ~ Policy and Charging Control This comprises flow-based charging, including charging control, online credit control and policy control. PCCH ~ Paging Control Channel ‘A downlink channel that transfers paging information. This channel is used when the network ‘does not know the location cell of the UE. PCEF — Policy and Charging Enforcement Function ‘The PCEF is located in the PON GW and provides for service data flow detection, user plane traffic handling, triggering control plane session management, QoS handling, service data flow measurement, and online and offline charging interactions. PCFICH — Physical Control Format Indicator Channel This channel informs the UE about the number of OFDM symbols used for the PDCCHs and is transmitted in every sub-frame. PCH — Paging Channel The PCH is associated with the CCH and carries paging message to UEs not connected to the network. The PCH supports DRX. The PCH is also mapped to physical resources that can be used dynamically also for traffic or other control channels. Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and Mea aLTE Master Glossary PCI —Physical Cell Identifier The PCI defines the coding of the reference signal on the cell. It acts as a local identifier differentiating a cel from its immediate neighbours. There are 504 PCI values available organised into 168 groups of 3. PCRF ~ Policy and Charging Rules Function ‘The PCRF includes the policy control decision and flow-based charging control functionalities and provides network control. The PCRF may activate, modify and deactivate aPCC rule at any time, over the Gx reference point. P-CSCF — Proxy Call Session Control Function The first point of contact for the UE within an IMS, having been ‘discovered’ as a result of the POP context activation. The P-CSCF acts as a SIP proxy server. PDCCH — Physical Downlink Control Channel The PDCCH informs the UE about the resource allocation of PCH and DL-SCH, and HARQ information related to DL-SCH. It also carries the uplink scheduling grant. PDCP — Packet Data Convergence Protocol PDOP provides a service of data reception and delivery to/from the peer PCP entity and allows the efficient and secure transmission of data from the upper layers. PDCP supports header compression (ROHO) and security-related services for the radio and radio signalling bearers from the user plane and control plane. Each bearer corresponds to the flow of a ‘specific type of information, such as voice or video. PDN GW - Packet Data Gateway Provides access to packet-switched services for a WLAN UE. It resides either in the home or visited 3GPP network. PDN — Packet Data Network ‘Any packet-switched network through which the UE obtains a connection to the Internet PDP Packet Data Protocol Any protocol that transmits data in discrete ‘packets’ of information. Examples are IP and X.25. PDSCH — Physical Downlink Shared Channel ‘The PDSCH carries the DL-SCH and PCH. Telecoms Academy @ ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary PDU- Protocol Data Unit ‘On the network's transmitting side, a PDU is a unit of data sent to the layer below, which receives it as an SDU. On the receiving side, PDUs are sent to a higher layer. PDN GW ~ Packet Data Network Gateway ‘The PDN GW is the link between the UE and the services that reside in an external PDN such as an MS. It performs packet filtering, allocation of IP addresses, policy enforcement, packet classification and routing, downlink packet marking, service level charging, and gating and rate enforcement. It also acts as a mobility anchor between SGPP and non-3GPP technologies. PHICH - Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel the PHICH carries HARQ ACK/NACKs in response to uplink transmissions. PHY — Physical Layer Layer 1, the lowest layer of the protocol stack in both the LTE user plane and control plane. This layer is defined by 3GPP as being bandwidth agnostic and based on resource blocks, thereby allowing it to adapt to different spectrum allocations, PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network Any telecommunications network providing mobile cellular services. PMCH — Physical Multicast Channel ‘The PMCH carries the IvICH and multicast/broadcast information. PMI — Pre-coding Matrix Indicator PMlis an indication of the optimum pre-coding matrix to be used in the base station for a given radio condition. PMI reports are needed for closed-loop spatial muitiplexing, mult-user MIMO and closed-loop rank 1 pre-coding MIMO modes. To cover the whole bandwidth, several PM reports may be needed. PMIPV6 — Proxy Mobile IP version 6 Provides network-based |P mobility management support to a mobile node, without requiring the participation of the mobile node in any IP mobilty-related signaling. The mobilty entities in the network track the mobile node's movements and will initiate the mobility signalling and set up the required routing state. PRACH — Physical Random Access Channel ‘The PRACH carrues the random access preamble sent by the UE to initiate and RRC connection, Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and Mea %LTE Master Glossary PRB - Physical Resource Block ‘The smallest element of resource allocation that can be assigned by the eNB scheduler, the PRB consists of one time slot of 0.5 ms duration in the time domain, and 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain. Proxy-CoA ~ Proxy Care-of Address ‘APMIP identifier, the Proxy-CoA is the global address configured on the outgoing interface of the MAG, and the transport endpoint of the tunnel between the LMA and the MAG. P-RNTI- Paging Radio Network Temporary Identifier This RNTI is an identifier used on PDCCH to indicate paging messages on PDSCH P-SCH— Primary Synchronisation Signal Used for cell search and identification by the UE. Carries part of the cell ID (one of three orthogonal sequences), the remainder being carried by the S-SCH. PS — Packet Switching ‘A method of information transport whereby the data is broken down into discrete ‘packets’ of information for transmission through the network. Each packet carries a header, containing addressing information, and a payload, containing a portion of the user data. The data is packetised at the transmitter, is passed from source to destination through the network via a number of network routers, each of which reads the address and passes it to the next ‘hop’, and is reassembled at the receiving end, PSS — Primary Synchronisation Signal ‘A synchronisation signal transmitted by the eNB. The PSS enables the UE to detect the slot timing and provides a physical layer identity for the cell. P-TMSI — Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity ATMS! for packet-switched services allocated by the SGSN to visiting mobile subscribers. PT — Packet Type AA field in an RTCP Sender Report identifying the type of packet sent. PT — Payload Type AA field in an RTP packet header, identifying the format of the packet. Telecoms Academy x ‘forma Tesco and MedaLTE Master Glossary PT— Protocol Type ‘An always-present field in the GTP packet header. This bit is used as a protocol discriminator between GTP (when PT is ‘1') and GTP" (when PT is ‘0’). The interpretation of the header fields may be different in GTP’. PTI —Procedure Transaction Identity ‘An Information Element (E) in a Create Bearer Request message. PTI is sent on the S5/S8 and ‘S4/S11 interfaces when the procedure was initiated by either a UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification Procedure or a Secondary POP Context Activation Procedure. The PTI is dynamically allocated by the UE and released when the procedure is complete. PUGCH ~ Physical Uplink Control Channel ‘The PUCCH carries uplink control information in response to downlink transmission, and carries ‘Ss and CQ! reports. PUSCH — Physical Uplink Shared Channel This channel carries the UL-SCH, user data and applicationevel signaling. QAM -Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QAM modulates the amplitude of two carrer waves that are 90 degrees out of phase with each ‘other. These are known as ‘quadradture’ carriers, hence the name. 16QAM uses 16 combinations of amplitudes of the two carriers. QCI - QoS Class Identifier SGPP-defined values between 1 and 9 that set out QoS in terms of bit error rate and delay characteristics to be provided in GPP networks. QoS - Quality of Service QoS characterises the bit rate, bit error rate and delay performance expected in a bearer. The term can also be used informally to describe the overall effect of service performance that determines how satistied a user is with a service. QPSK - Quadrature Phase Shift Keying QPSK is a multi-state modulation scheme which allows efficient use of spectral resources by allowing the transmission of multiple bits for every state change. The baud (symbol) rate of QPSK is half the bit rate as each symbol represents two bits. QPSK is a robust modulation scheme more resilient to noise and interference than higher-order schemes. QPSK is used on the uplink and downlink on the shared channels. Telecoms Academy ‘Sef Telecoms and Mea a