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  • Toxicology Summary - Environmental Epidemiology

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    Angela Reyes
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    This document summarizes key concepts in toxicology, including dose-response relationships and thresholds like LD50, LOAEL, and NOAEL. It discusses factors that affect toxicity such as chemical properties, dose, exposure route, and biological processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Major routes of exposure like inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact are outlined. Endocrine disrupting chemicals in plastics, pesticides and drugs are highlighted as a metabolic concern. The document concludes with recommendations to reduce exposure to toxic chemicals.

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    Very quick environmental epidemiology lecture summary on toxicology

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    This document summarizes key concepts in toxicology, including dose-response relationships and thresholds like LD50, LOAEL, and NOAEL. It discusses factors that affect toxicity such as chemical properties, dose, exposure route, and biological processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Major routes of exposure like inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact are outlined. Endocrine disrupting chemicals in plastics, pesticides and drugs are highlighted as a metabolic concern. The document concludes with recommendations to reduce exposure to toxic chemicals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    7 views2 pages

    Toxicology Summary - Environmental Epidemiology

    Uploaded by

    Angela Reyes
    This document summarizes key concepts in toxicology, including dose-response relationships and thresholds like LD50, LOAEL, and NOAEL. It discusses factors that affect toxicity such as chemical properties, dose, exposure route, and biological processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Major routes of exposure like inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact are outlined. Endocrine disrupting chemicals in plastics, pesticides and drugs are highlighted as a metabolic concern. The document concludes with recommendations to reduce exposure to toxic chemicals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Week 3 Summary Toxicology

    Angela Reyes
    Toxicology what levels of contaminants are harmful (dose-response
    relationship)
    Thresholds:
    LD50 = dose where 50% death rate occurs
    LOAEL = Lowest Observable Adverse Effect
    NOAEL = NO Observabel Adverse Effect Level

    Mixtures rarely tested additive/synergistic possibilities

    Exposure Assessment likely to exceed these levels guides policy


    making/regulation
    Factors Affecting Toxicity
    Chemical properties, dose/time, species/age/sex, route of exposure
    Biological Processes: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism Excretion
    Agent Exposure Dose Skin/Lungs/GI Tract Internal Dose Bloodstream Target Organ Dose
    Organs & Tissues
    Non-Polar/Hydrophobic Cpds: easily absorbed, tend to build in fat BIOACCUMULATION (i.e. POPs
    Persistent Organic Pollutants)
    Polar/Hydrophilic Cpds: are NOT as readily absorbed & filtered from blood by kidney

    Major Routes of Exposure


    Inhalation: lungs=SA water sol, high VP readily enter bloodstream
    Ingestion: food/water gut lining fat soluble cpds quickest to absorb
    Dermis: skin=good barrier, BUT can absorb fat-soluble cpds
    No Contact: Energy radiation penetrate skin and damage DNA

    Body De-Tox water sol through kidneys, less water-sol converted


    to water-solPhase I & II Metabolism
    Phase I add hook (-OH) cytochrome p450 increase H2O-sol
    Phase II conjugate glutathione, sulfate, and glucuronic acids for excretion
    (urine)

    EDCs = Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals


    (production/transport/signaling/elimination)
    Most are estrogenic, primarily metabolic concern
    Plastics, pesticides, and some drugs
    BPA: plastics and canned foods mimics estrogen
    Pthalates: used to soften plastics cosmetics, flexible plastics, PVC flooring
    likely carcinogen, links to human rates of obesity
    PFOA and Fluorinate Telomers: non-stick cookware likely carcinogen
    bioaccumulation in SERUM, not fat infertility, mammary gland dvlpt, thyroid
    disease
    PBDE and Brominated Flame Retardants: carpets, electronics
    liver/thyroid/neurological toxicity

    What Can We Do?


    Emphasize whole, plant-based foods
    Never microwave in plastic containers
    Choose synthetic fragrance-free detergents
    Pay attention to plastic types

    GMOs and Herbicide Toxicity RoundUp overuse created resistant

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