INTERMEDIATE “% Zz a Oo m =j TA w A 2 =. g a = B OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2 1997Contents Unit Grammar Vocabulary Reading | : Introductions: revision Starting out oe | pP6 | : Richard's bad day Using a dictionary Modern manners = d ‘Talking about the plo Vocabulary file: Modern life present: present simple, Idiomatic expressions | { ‘continuous, and perlect plo \ ps tenses; stative verbs wee ps - Mr All or Nothing Dealing with new words | survivedt ‘Talking about the past: pls Vocabulary file: past simple, continuous, Synonyms and perfect tenses; pls present perfect tense pie Dialogues ‘The weather 2080 ‘Talking about the future: P28 Language focus! wil, going to and present Expressing probability coniinuous with future ‘Vocabulary fi meaning ‘Word association p24 926 | Values Communicating ‘Successful small talk| wd. Relative clauses ph Language focus: Relationships p32 Reduced relative clause! Po pid 7 Evidence Crime and the law Sentenced to two iagaceaal ‘The passive pa years of fun The-law pao ‘Language focus: ‘Modal verbs and the pasive ea pa | Discussing a holiday Phrasal verbs (1) Culture clash Conditionals; time causes 750 Vocabulary file: pe Synonyms p50 | cee Are you a telly addict? Entertainment 1m so lucky! Entertainment The present perect Bh P58 ony simple and continuous poe p56Contents stening Pronunciation Extension Writing ad speaking (Workbook) “ling ta form WB pS oo Iking about your life guage focus: sent tenses ‘The Intemational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) 1, fl, (2! endings Reading and listening: What job is best for you? ‘Vocabulary file: rosie wap mversation pieces: pis Personality adjectives smmenting : Language focus: Adverbs of 2 ‘requency p14 \tching up on news The IPA: Vowels Reading and listening: onversation pieces: Hla nots Second Chance ‘sponding to news pa i inguage focus used lo Vocabulary fle: ee 0 Phrasal verbs and idioms paz aking plans anversation pieces: “The IPA: Consonants ‘alin sentences. Reading and listening: ‘A year out ‘Linking words (2): bu, ‘however, alihoug ‘king about the p30 we pal sather; making ce Language focus: would ar gestions p30 | 8 onversations Yoel sound peirs Reading and listening: Paragraph organization — : estion tag intonation WS p26 anguage focus: ae 8 272 season's greetings P ucstion tags ® i ‘6 pe sporting an incident Reading and listening: See ae hole Mary Saute? recking in, ‘Diphihongs © Reading and listenit ‘Linking words (4). anversation pieces: Gusset ales A day out Me eck-in problems ‘Vocabulary file: Working 2 S - a ‘out meanings : : : foe conversation pieces: Nore inking 13) Rock and roll will never ee «pressing opinions 0 pel die (and song) OzContents Grammar Vocabulary Reading Pub quizzes Question forms; Indirect questions Fit for life or ft to dre ‘Vocabulary file: Fitness p56 p64 a ‘The shaw! Coincidence: Is it mort Baer rox ing forms: ‘than just chance? All ig the’ 72 ‘Vocabulary file: Phrasal verbs; synonyms we m Last gasp for smokers Modal verbs p80 What's good for you?| ‘Vocabulary file: Synon| Language focus: Expret possibility and probabili ps2 Crossing the border Di-Di's story Causative have; Vocabulary file: Synon: sakeletiget p90 aa Gossip The soldier's tale ‘Reported speech Language focus: Indic 96 : commands and requests p98 No regrets The frogs ‘Third conditional: pl06 shouldlsheuldi’t have loa To follow a dream Revision pila Grammar Reference Irregular verb IsvIPA cid plzo (inside back cover)Contents stening Pronunciation Extension Writing ad speaking (Workbook) ng pote ee Taigmdincne ES vaveration tees —_‘Pee station ironman wa pi fe requests for ; = a 2 Language focus: Adjecival expressions with numbers pro : reeing and = Reading and Ustening: ‘A phost story sagreeing Reduced words was i: Memory ee snversation pleces: Di : treelng and dsegreeing Ae 6 the doctor's é Reading and lstening: daversation pleces: ee Sentenced to death ae on vy ct, havea, nein’ ad pi & 9 with problems onversation pleces: Corrective stress Reading and listening: Joe's problem ste expressions P33 nguage focus: poe ed + -ing wre is the news Silent leters Reading and listening: 00 ‘Word linking (3) Monsters plo pio e had a nice time, tte onversation pieces: king about a holiday 08 Expressing interest los Reading and listening: Is honesty always the best policy? puio sponding 16 Revision: Rhyines Stress and intonation pui7 Reading and listening: How happy are you? Vocabulary file: Synonyms pliéStarting ou Grammar Introductions; re ion 1. Look at the photograph. Who do you think the people are? 0.1 Listen and answer the questions. ‘What are the people going to do? How long will it take? ‘Which of the people do you hear? Who's Bessie? aun 3 You heard some of the people introduce themselves. @ Complete the table. fame Nationality [Oxcpation 1 Marie Gregg British | Expedition guide (21 Listen agsin and check your answers, © What other information does each person give? How would you introduce yourself to the group? XS Fp Bit Reynolds 4 Here are some questions for finding out more information about someone. Complete the questions, Can you add any more? Fave you ever. ? Bose. ? ve lng. ? Who...? Did you Where? What kind of... ? How many? Have you go ..? an yt oe? Wy? What are your. ? Would yo. ? bb Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions, © Tell our group or the dass something you have found out about your parmer. ? I Lata Mey5 Bill is epplying to join the expedition. @ Complete his letter to Marie with these words, repairing while introduce ato join for forward never sincerely. sounds well from People driving hope exams trip, «old ago speak studying don't the (x2) months several 5 Sandy rane London sm2z avs Marie Gregg 17 May Thrillseekore Tours 67 Bromley Way oxfora om ery Dear Marie First let me mses. My name's 2 Reynolds and I’m ————__- London. 1'm 21 | a Sa a Gis semen Pig eee STH teacaie orn tasouases” Bn taking ny sal S ont. After that 1° tacenn Foy fee, 20 0'R going te Ie aia ve carn a Bit of noney, ¥ saw your advert isenact Sn a magazine Fes waiting fora auseet Ripoinment. te emeaeice = citing and Pd socisy iste Go Group. F love travelling and Soa Beau Fe Tf I was accepted to go on the sure I would be a useful member sroup. I can three lang ———___ tee Languages — English, French, and Spanish — and 1 like meeting other + T can cook quite ———___ dT can play guitar, foo. T passed my ______ testa couple of, yeors —___, but tm afraid t ‘ow Very mich about cars, so 1 wouldn't be much help with the car if it broke op the tour and I look from you. Youre Bill Reynolds Starting out b Can you find examples of these grammar points in Bill's letter? the present simple tense the present continuous tense the past simple tense © the past continuous tense ‘© the present perfect tense the past perfect tense ‘wo negative forms © three ways of expressing the future © a passive © a second conditional sentence © One of the items in b isn’t in the letter. Which one? 6 Write your own letter to apply for the expedition. Your letter should include © some facts about you. ‘© Your reasons for wanting to go on the expedition. © your skills and abilities. 7 Think about your English learning. Answer these questions, 1 How long have you been studying English? 2 Why are you taking this course? 3. What things help you to learn best? Look through the book and find examples of things that you think will be useful for you. 4 What aspects of learning don’t you like? why nor? 3 Which of these things do you have? When do you use them and what for? ‘© an English-English dictionary ‘© an English-mother-tongue dictionary a grammar reference book: a vocabulary notebook a workbook 4 cassette recorder 8 Look through Lifetines, ‘@ What sections does each unit contain? b where will you find © the contents? © the Grammar Reference? the IPA chart? the tapescripts? Good luck with your new English coursel4 Modern life Grammar Talking about the present Grammar in use Rules 1 Look at the story and answer the 1 inthe story there are three tenses for talking about the questions. present, 1 What is happening in each picture? What are they and how are they formed? SN een b_ When do we use each tense? Write the names of the tenses in the Richaru's problem? aie 2. Have you ever had days like this? ar oa Tell your partner or the class. regular actions or events Richard’s bad day —_} aera truths Richar ing to a meeting : things that are happening now with Mr Patel, a new customer. | ninished actions or events Richard has worked hard to get ad ed pote tir sae hhim and doesn’t want to lose 3 ne up tothe present an action that has on effect inthe present him. As Richard is leaving the office, the telephone rings. Find examples of each use in the story. | PP ar say Bed or ots! Ye Ring ES SUED! ee moe =] y/2 Some verbs are not normally used in the continuous form. We call these stative verbs @ Complete these sentences from the story itr Patel Jor ot. ad he ‘ery please Both sentences are talking about what fs happening now. What tense would You expect for this use? What tense is the verb sem in? © Find more verbs like this in the story. > Check the rules for the present tenses, stative verbs, and the present perfect tense in Grammar References 1.1, 12, 1.3, and 1.4. Practice 1 Look at the article, @ Choose the best present tense to complete the text. Witnessing the event ‘We all know / are knowing the feeling. Something happens / is happening to you and then you don't stop / aren't stopping thinking about It for the rest of the day. You lose / ‘are fosing hours of mental time as a result, Next time, try this. t's called inessing the event’. For example, you wait / are waiting at some traffic lights and another vehicle runs / is ‘running into the back of your car. You start to feel angry. Stop these thoughts by pretending that you are a witness and you watch {are watching the event. Describe your actions like this. lam switching off the engine. | undo / am undoing iy seatbelt. got / am gatting out of the car, The other driver comes | is coming towards me. think J am thinking he wants 1s wanting to apologize. Some people watch / are vratching us." Witnessing takes / is taking your mind off your feelings. As a result, you stay ‘are staying calm and you deal / are dealing with the problem. Then you forget | are forgetting about it bb What do you think of ‘witnessing the event’? In what situations could you use i? Modern life 4 2 imagine one of these events, Work with a partner. Describe your actions. 1 You lock your keys in your car. Your spare keys are at home. 2. You cen't get to sleep because your neighbours are making a It of noise, 3 You are ata foreign airport. Your luggage doesn’t arrive, 4 You miss your train. You will be late for an important meeting, b Think of an annoying or stressful event that happened to you, Imagine you are in the situation again. Witness the event. wo Complete the text. @ Put the verbs into the present simple, present continuous, or present perfect tense. ‘The story of Richard's day (show) the sitess of modern life, but Richard could doa lot to help himself. tn the first picture he (get) ready to go and see Mr Patel He______thave) a busy day s0 far, He {be to three meetings and he (make) several phone calls. He (hurry), because he. (not want) to be late and he only (have) half an hour to get there. Then, Just as he (leave} the office, the Managing Director (call). What Richard (doy? He (take) the call and then he (blame) the Managing Director because he’s lave. But it isn't the Managing Director’s fault. She (not know) that Richard (go} t0 an important appointment, so she probably (ahink) that I's a convenient tlme wo talk, Richard's stress comes from the fact that he (not give} himseli enough time for the journey. Then, while he (drive) to his appointment, he (become) ‘more and more stressed. He's late and Mr Patel is already waiting. Then an accident, (happen), because Richard {mot concentrate) on the road. b GBB 1.1 tisten and check your idea. 4 Have you done any of these things recently? © lost something © hada strange dream. + metsomeone interesting ¢séen a good fim ‘missed an appointment + booked a holiday # been tothe dentist read an interesting book heard some good news @ Write your answers. b Talk to other students. Try and find someone who has done each thing EXAMPLE A Have you lost anything recently? B Yes, [have No, Ehaven't1 Modern life Lea ST ie Vocabulary Reading Using a dictionary Modern manners 1 Discuss these questions. 1 Look at the pictures. What are the people doing? 1 What dictionary do you use? Does anything seem wrong, unusual, or impolite to you? 2. What do you use i for? 3. What kind of information does a aelonary sive? Answer these questions 1. Whose ideas i it about? 2° What does he thnk about modem soctery? 3 What examples does he give? b Do you agree with him? 3 Read the opinions. Match them to the corre pictures. b What do the speakers think about what's happening in the pictures? How many of the speakers agree with Dr St George? 4 Read the whole article again. Make alist of all the examples of behaviour that are mentioned Discuss these questions. 1 Are these things considered polite, impolite, or unimportant in your society? 2. Give some moze examples of acceptable and unacceptable public behaviour in your society 3. Do you think your socety has Dewer or worse manners than i used to? Why? Give examples. 5 what do you think of modern life? Work in groups. Choote one ofthese topics. + work = young people + leisure society Discuss the topte and write about Follow the format ofthe arte. Give e general introduction and present different opinions Exar What irk tke now? How have pater of work changed? 2 Read the introduction to the article. 2 Look at the dictionary extract and answer these questions. otk te Us rk mtn CL pen ‘oorroratsnmtetn men bane ou ‘meets 2a sale lnk) (= St ‘le stent i caer fy {tte She nee hr antec ‘oh hero eotin2(se.satt SE Seige Saeryicutee nies sping hz efesoreaeipgerol gir cele Fe nar (Chr sar ar ape 1 ertheakfatn ine codetae/e Sieh moa aetna tee Se te Eee h ria ay ae ek SF cw Satemeame Seem Eee coon solar msn tse rat Bouirorpirreat aac 1 What is different about the British What are the good and bad points about work today? and American pronunciation of cliché? z 2. Which of these is an uncountable Vocabulary file: Idiomatic expressions nouns client or clientele? “Match the expressions from the text with the meanings. 3. What isthe difference in use between cntle and customers? these days [ etcetera ae 4 Why ate thereto entries forthe 1H give you that | es very no. word clk? Iwouldt say | Vree. 3 Does the verb ack need an object? te was unthinkable. | generaly 6 How many meanings are given for You can hardly hear yours think the verb al? or what have you 17 What does eck mean in this cant keep thelr hands of sentence? downto 1 didn't undertd the problem and Iecuts both ways. then i suddenly lke | tke to make out keep touching 8 What isthe British equivalent of an | must adit dont think American sls clrt? onthe whole Ik has good and bad points 9 Where should you look if you want fofind out mrcabou he word a? eam | 10People today are less polite than they used to be. This s the view of Dr Andrew St George of Oxferd University, who has Just completed a book on modern social behaviour. As the title, The Descent of ‘Manners suggests, he believes that man ners have deteriorated since Victorian times, For example, people these days feat while they are wailing down the street, They kiss and embrace in public, ‘They push on to buses and trains. Men dont open doors fer women any more or ‘offer a woman thelr seat on a crowded train. The Vietorlans, Dr St George says, ‘would be horrified at modern behaviour. ‘We went aut on to tha streets to find out what people think about his ideas. Here are some opinions that we heard. "fois cortainly mare informal thase days, I'l give you ‘that, but | wouldt say that's a bad ting Wan I first started work | had to wear a suitand a tie, butthese days ‘We all woar casual clothes, And everybody wes called Mr ‘This and Mrs The, but today W's al first names. In cur office everyone even calls the Managing Director Bob’. ‘That was unthinkable when | was younger, but! think i's better now, i's fiandler ~ more relaxed.’ “don't think i's true. Things are different nowadays, but wouldn't say they're worse. Life hes become much faster and people don't have time for the more formal manners ‘thatthe Victorians had, | know people eatin the street, but | wouldn't say there's anything wrong with thet. Its just ‘and fastor ke thet” "Things have certainly changed, but itis't bad manners, Its all down to equality. Why should | give up my seat so that a woman can sit down? If women want equ jobs and things tke tht, they can't expect special ‘restment for other things, can they? | think equabty cuts both ways en Modern life 4 ‘Well, Dr St George is right, isnt he? I maan, ook et those hay can hardly keep their uldrthss end cuddle ike that in public, W's embarrassing for other people.’ ‘Noise, That's what | don‘ lice about things today. Everyone seams to think thoy can make as much noise as they lice without a thought for other people. When you get ‘on a train, some idit's probably shouting into @ mobile phone or you find yourself siting next to someone with a ‘personal storeo that's turn! up too loud, And have you ‘vied having quiet day i the garden fately? Quiet? You ‘cen harely hear yourself think with all the lawnmowers, hedge trimmers, and what have you. "think people today have good mannars. Things aren't a5 bed as some people ike to make out. Most people stilt ‘queue up for things propery end drivers usuelly stop for pedestrians at zebra crossings, because | think most people realize that ife's nicer that way. ! must admit that people ere ganerally nore impatiant and less considerate ‘onthe roads, bt onthe wile | think things are alright” "4 Modern life Listening and speaking Talking about your life 1 Nn Look at the table. Work with a pariner and try to complete the table. 12 Listen end check your answers. You will hear a conversation between two people who have just met. They are talking about their lives and work. oe ‘@ Look at the photographs. What questions do you ‘Sendra colin think they will ask? 7 Wherejwork? bb What words or expressions would you expect to What/do? hear? Wherever c 1.2 Listen and check your ideas. Whenfstart work? How does each person feel about their ovn life? Kow/travel? 2eC Language focus: Present tenses |. Wiite the questions for these answers. ‘Ym a computer programmer. No, | live near Oxford, Yes, its allright {'m dong an MA in Management. No, ve got 2 lat in the city. Yes, i's great, but it’s hard work. b_ Why does Colin use the present continuous tense when he talks to Sandra about her studies? > Check in Grammar Reference 1.2. L. Convers n pieces: Commenting Inthe conversation, Colin and Sandra often comment on what the ‘ther person says. eaves Oh, yes? Realy That sounds very technical. Find more examples in tapescript 1.2. ‘What purpose do these comments have? oe © Alot of the comments use That sounds + an adjective or ‘adjective phrase. Comment on the statements below. Use That ‘sounds and these words or expressions. abitofadrag exciting wonderful Interesting lke a good Idea Tike fun Shall we go to the movies? Hive on a housebost I work for a music company. have to work most weekends. We're going to Jamia for our holidays. | went bungee jumping last week. ouauns Roleplay Calin and Sandra's conversation with a partner, using tapescript 1.2 Le. oe ‘Look at the table in 2 again. mall ‘Think about your own job or studies (or note down some facts for ‘an Imaginary job). Work with 2 partner. Imagine you have just met. Have a conversation about your lives and work. Find a new partner and have another conversation. Modern life 4 Lc ee Sea Pronunciation IPA; /s/, /2/, /z/ 4 The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) English is not a phonetic language. ‘The same written letters do not always produce the same sound. Look at these examples: sameletters _ different sound love Any move muy! different letters same sound there Peat fair Meal b To help you lea how new words are pronounced, ii a good idea to know the International Phonetie Alphabet (IPA). You will finda char ofthe English IPA on the inside back cover. © Look at the IPA chart, What are these words? ‘kam! gout dors! twat ANfiat 2 Isl, /2!, Itz! endings The + ending on plural nouns and the third person singular of the present simple tense ean be pronounced in three ways a BAI 13 Listen wo these words and ‘match the spelling rules to the Sounds, Put I, 2, and 3 In the correct columns In the table. rats Kicks lives runs rushes catches A After dp/ Ad 11110 2 After fb [4 igf ‘FM Ie fa) (9 3 Alter st, (0), (de) Tal i Ta b Say these words. ‘watches misses comes gets needs uses lives cups picks faces knees takes brushes finds laughs breathes cc BBM 14 Listen, check, and repeat. 1B1 Modem life Extension: Reading and listening What job is best for 1. What job do you do (or do you want to do)? What kind of personality do you think you need for the job? 2 Loot at the questionnaire. What is it used for? b Answer the questionnaire, © Discuss your answers with a partner. WHAT JOB iS BEST FOR YOU? ‘Many employers nowadays use psychological tests to select ‘employees. This Is called psychometric testing. Getting the right person for the Job Is ‘obviously good for the employer, but it is also good for employees, because they will be happler In a Job that suits thelr personaiity. ‘This psychometric test will ‘suggest the kind of job that Is. best for your personality. Read ‘each statement. In the box write D If you disagree with it, a ‘question mark If you are not sure, and A if you agree. Don't think too fong about each statement. | Give your first answer, 14 \ Section A. 4 2 3a 4 5 3. What do your answers mean? 15 Listen and complete the grid. A 2 D Statements 1-3 Statements 4 and 5 b Calculate your scores and read the explanations at the batiom of pS. Use a dictionary for any words that you don’t know. © Discuss these que Tam an outgoing and sociable person. G I never feel shy. o am normally optimistle ‘about the future. He "usually lice to do things ‘on my own. | don’t usually enjoy meeting and talking to new people, Section B 1 3 |lam a pretty nervous person. o | don’t tke working under pressure, a My mood often goes ‘up and down. oO | don’t usually worry about things, o { hardly ever fee! lonely or depressed. fons with a partner. 1 Do the results maich your ideas about yoursell? 2 Would this kind of test be helpful in choosing a job? Section © 4 am a curious person. | like theories and abstract ideas. [) 2 1 ke to try new things: food, holidays, hobbies. CJ 3. | am Interested in art and poety. Qo 4 don't often daydream. = 5 lam generally st in oa my ways. Section D 1 | always try to be ‘considerate to other people. (] 2 | would rather co-operate then compete with ether people. Oo 3. | believe that most people are basically good. a 4 People sometimes think that | am cold and ceiculating, Oo 5 I frequently argue with my fomily end friends.* auce Vocabulary file: Personality adjectives | Work with a partner. Complete the table with these adjectives from the questionnaire, Modern life 1 Language focus: Adverbs of frequency Put thesis adverbs In the correct arder from the least to the mast frequent. considerate stable ‘emotional competitive warm sceptical talkative lonely ‘good-natured practical depressed quiet traditional calculating calm reserved sad cold serious guilty shy trusting ‘co-operative nervous tough outgoing curious hard-headed optimistic sociable Positive Negative Bath Compare your answers with the cass. © Find words that are of similar meaning. Bane sociable cugoing Find words that can be opposites: Ewes quiet talkative ‘What kind of job would suit each personality type? 1.6 Listen and check your ideas. Do you agree with the ideas on the tape? Write a job advertisement. Work in a group. Use the information in the ‘questionnaire. Choose a job and write an advert, ‘without saying what the job is. ExAMpLe We're loking for a __./ someone © work in our. You must be ... (Give the qualities needed.) {If you think you have these qualities, write to: (Give an address.) Give your advert to another group 1o read and guess the job, normally sometimes hardly ever never often always frequently usually ‘Where do we put adverbs of frequency? Complete these sentences from the questionnaire vith the correct adverb of frequency. 11am optimistic cbout the future, 1 eel shy. ‘don't womy about things. © Complete the ne, ‘Adverbs of frequency go a main verb, but ‘an aunilary verb or the vers to be ‘Check in Grammar Reference 1.5. ‘Complete these sentences with appropriate adverbs of frequency. can get up on time. 1m honest. ike to be on my own, ‘Sess isnt good for you. People telephone at inconvenient times. Introverts don’t enjoy partes. How often do you do things? Write eight sentences about your life. Use each of the adverbs of frequency in &. © Compare your sentences with a partner. ourune 209 {op no, pemeu-pot won —uosied angende-o2 B10, “usoggms Ak 2 seupauos uso nok ng Supeng pu wam ASE ALR} :Lt-EL Jeaqdanspaponypay ono —uoe9d aad @a}no4 Zig oa esas seaman nny niin 6 AL "od ai le pe ah unaagwOHE; we NO| LL-EL ooo st 0h PAA Be eM OE ik 3.eane05 Apacs youu ‘ensues — a4 @ Roh 2 “eee ap soni ae 4 LL sea ssane a2 wea eo, asad ue yea eI, 2-5 uonas ‘dod ie pote —oncuNa ve e)N04 2-8 “yo rah poe os omen sei stage Bea aj - un yo oy} 04 stapes penesONYynD—vanOnK| VERO} Zt-g ‘vonns9g {ueow sasoas om op 4M ‘gun goa m0, sane2 Fortune Grammar Talking about the past Grammar in use Rules, 1 Look at the photographs and 1 ‘The article contains four tenses for talking about the past. headline of the newspaper article. @ Underline positive and negative examples of cach of these tenses. Where does the story take place? er tne past simple the pat perfec bb What do you think the story is about? the past continuous «the present perfect Read the atc and check your ideas. -B How do we form each tense? Find examples of regular and peer er nino rineameon srregulae vers. eee eee © Each paragraph of the articie describes one of these things. Which Did Chis win? Jusily your opinion. erect aaa b What do you think the two missing * Events before he made his gamble ars of the text are? The scene in the casino ¢ BB 21 Linen and check yourideas. The events of the gamble What co you thnk of ice antics Events since the gamble tothe present day Ea K TH PUN ar) Mr All or Nothing TT was early afternoon on 14 January in the Las Vegas casino, {Fram PETER SHERIDAN in Loe Angeles ‘At one of the tables was Chris Boyd, « computer programmer fanded on black, he wauld lose from London. For three years Chris eyerything, ‘I'm ready to play,” he had saved every penny. He had said, The wheel spun, The small rarely gone out and he hadn't spent white ball rolled and bounced anything on his house, Finally, he ground “the wheel and finally had sold the house and with — fanded on number 7~——__. The £145,000 in his pocket he had onlookers waited. What would taken the plane to Las Vegas, Chris do? ‘He didn’t do anything Now Chris was sitting in Binion’s really,’ said one of the other Horseshoe casino, He was waiting gamblers. ‘He just smiled. Then he to gamble the whole £145,000.0n stood up from the table, fone spin of the roulette wheel. A _____and left The few other gamblers were standing next day he returned to London, around the tle, Among them was Since his all-orsnothing gamble, Chris's friend, Tony Litt, Chris's Charis has moved into a one: girlfriend, June Hillhouse, wasn't bedroomed flat. “The experience watching him, however, He hadn't hasn't changed my life," he told told her anythingabour his plans. reporters, ‘but ['ve given up Chris placed his bet on ved. IF gambling, If was something that 1 the ball Inaded on a red number, wanted to do and now I've dane it, hhe would double his money. IF it So har'si ‘The bright lights and roulette wheels of Vogas2 How do we make questions in these tenses? Turn these statements into questions. 1 He had sold his house. 2 tis friend was watching 3 The ball landed on red. 4 He has given up gambling. Explain the rules for making questions in each tense. > Check the rules for pas tenses in Grammar References 2.1, 22, and 23. Practice 1. Choose the correct form for each sentence. 1 When Chris landed 1 ras tanded at London airport. some reporters waited / were waiting [or him, because his friend thas telephoned 1 had telephoned them about what Chis had done t di 2. Chris's girlfriend was / has been angry with him, becuse he hasn't told | hadn't told her about it. 3. When he got back / has got back to London, he moved has moved into a small at, because he had sold sold his house. 4 Chris didn't gamble J hasn't gambled again since he has left 1 left Las Vegas. 2. Here is part of an interview with Chris Boyd. Write the ‘questions, using the information in brackets. Interviewer 2 (How! feel/ while/ sit” at the table) Chris Boyd 1 felt quite calm. Interviewer 2 (anyones watch’ you) Chris Boyd Yes, my friend, Tony Litt, was watching and there were a lew other gamblers there, 100, Interviewer 2 (1ell/ anyone else/ about your plans) Chris Boyd No. T hadn't even told my girlfriend, Interviewer (How? save! the money) Chris Boyd 1 just hadn't spent anything for three years and then I sold the house. Interviewer 2 (What! do! when/ win) Chris Boyd can’t remember. I didn't do anything really. Interviewer (whys do! iy Chris Boyd It was something [ had always wanted to do and now I've done it. Interviewer 2 (the experience’ change/ your life) Chris Boyd No, it hasn't, although I've decided to take a long holiday. Interviewer 2 (gambled again/ since then) Chris Boyd No, haven't. I've given up gambling forever. Fortune 2 3 Simon is tallcing about a risk he ‘once took. @ Pur the verbs in the box into the past imple, past perfect, or past continuous to complete the text. pul stand go out risk run fealize go hold lie hear bum come hit look after say Ithappened three years ago while I Was staying at my sister's house. She and her husband holiday and 1 the house for them. ‘One night i__a lot of noise outside and I__to see what was wrong. The house next door was on fire, Smoke and flames ‘out of the upstairs windows. A woman shouted, “Help, help. Tommy's sill inside.’ Without thinking I into the house, but it ‘was no good. Everything. and it was tercibly hot. Then, while 1 there, something —___me ‘on the back of the head. The next thing that I remember 1 (on the grass in front of the house. The fre brigade ‘me our of the house. ‘The woman was there and she ‘salt right. ‘Tommy's safe.’ Then 1 that she aca my life for a cat! 2.2 Listen and check your ideas. 4 can you remember the last time you tookca risk? Tell your partner and answer any and the snakes Iran's Reet ete eae Malthe boar round ime, GolTesand | pushed accept Johan's death | like as {rahe wreckage, Johan window into the water, to believe that he survived Ioerwe‘tew neat waren the thersde of window nt he soggy through me. | want to, sat cn Theplene the alle, but Tknewshat ran grad ‘and squeezed forget everything about ee he was dead, the diny water into my ‘is death and remember everthing sbout his life. wuddered in the violent After @day ortwo the mouth, That whole eeyting {baler Wemeatenn cltervokessopeas tna me Tahal eae, was alone. ut the rescuers hours. Later! found o didn't come. ‘They must piece of metal and | used itto scoop up water2 Fortune EEE Listening and speaking Catching up on news 1 You're going to hear a conversation between two old friends who haven't seen each other for a long time. What do you think they will tall about? 2 .3 Listen and answer the ‘questions. Who are the twa people? ‘Where did they last meet? How Fong ago was it? What Job does each person de? Who are John and Clara? ‘Who is Harry Clarkson? 3 What has happened to the two people since they last met? @ Write their names in the tbh b Tick (7) the things they have done. 23 Listen again and check your Ideas pat on weight work nthe same place have sere obs apt maried make alot of money wer abroaa have chien be promoted bea teacher be creed buy ase stop snoking become famous [move to enon 4 discuss these questions, 1 What do you think that each person eavies or admires in the other person's 2 What wouldn't they envy or admire? 3° Whose life do you find more 20re Conversation pieces: Responding to news ‘Work in pais. Complete these expressions. SRE ES eee) Wel heavens! 1 believe it Ieee error errr] You know iti. That's the Itgoes. These things . ‘was just one of those [ese eee eee eee Wow! That exciting. Good youl! Oh, how ! Vim ____ to hear that, Sounds Yes, you must be. 2.3. Usten again and check your ideas. © Write these heacings above the correct set of expressions: Saying: ‘That's fie.’ FResponting to news or formation Expressing surprise Find expressions in tapescript 2.3 which mean the same as: ‘© Im realy pleased to see you again The time has gone very quickly What are you doing now? 1m realy going to try i We had chicken, My wife is expecting another baby. Ie went wrong. Roleplay the conversation, using tapescript 2.3 "Tome from along tne of fitures, bus 1am the Fist one in te family to become a tact fatture" r Bec: 5 a b Fortune 2 = Language focus: used to We can use used foto talk about the past. Look at tapescript 2.3 and find examples. 1b When do we use used to? How isit different from the past simple? > Check your ideas in Grammar Reference 2.4, © Complete these sentences with used to to make true statements about Kathy and Bil ‘be married. ‘work with Hary Clarkson. be slimmer. teach English, talk about becoming a teacher. Ive in Birmingham. Write down four things that you used to do or have. Tell your partner. ousuna al Imagine that you meet an old friend after five years. Work with a partner, Decide together whet your lives used to be like. (On your own, decide what has happened in the last five years. Think about: © work or study © family © house © muwual friends Make the conversation with your partner. Greet each ‘other and talk about your lives since you last met. Write a letter to a friend. Bring them up to date with your news and asic about theirs. 100 Roman Way Repton Derbyshire DES 6cD Dear How are you? I'm 80 sorry that | haven't written for such a long time, but I've Just been 90 busy ... 22 Fortune REESEBOERG SSS Pronunciation Vowels; /a/ in words 1 The IPA: Vowels @ Look atthe list of IPA symbols on the Inside back cover. Match the words to the correct vowel sounds. three oh look fea! fiat a done Iie! want vi roll Ie save I boy Jol earn fot part aus year fed b What are these words? Pkewn! Inizal wwakl Meu! Paya! ‘son an sal? Poot) 24 Listen, check your ideas, and repeat. 2 /al in words (BB 25 tisten to these words and answer the questions, 1 Where is the stress in each word? 2 How are the endings -l, tion, our, ant, 2, -,-ure pronounced? why? rratural colour station important furniture centre expedition final over weather wider theatre future 2.5 Listen agaln and repeat. 22 2 wo ao pao o Look at the title of the article and the photographs. What do you think the story is about? Discuss your Ideas with the class Read the article and number these events in the correct order. Cl make ator of money ‘stare a new venture Ci g0 scube-diving for treasure [) work in Oklahoma CO give up his job Oi talk things over with his wite OO make a discovery CO move to Florida 1 sell the company Read the story agal What do you think the “rary idea’ was? Work in groups and discuss your ideas. 26 Listen and check your ices What was the significance of each of these items in the story? © tencenis ‘= 80,000-100,000 © washing machine «Hawai © neighbours © half price © 2,500 © yacht Vocabulary file: Phrasal verbs and idioms Find expressions inthe text which can replace the words in this ist 1 didn't reach 6 leave 2. began his working life 7 arisk 3 tied 8 my job vas 4 tying to find @ succeeded B discussed ‘What happens in the factory? Put these verbs in the correct order. pack whiten sell spray with an acrylic clean count unload. dry take out send ‘What happens to the ones that aren't used? 2.6 Listen again and check your ideas. Look at the story again, Answer these questions. 1 Is the golfer Jim Reid? 2 why does sim smile? 3. What do you think of Jim? ‘Were your first ideas about the story tight? Do you know any more people who have made money from unusual ideas? Tell the class.3 Your future Grammar Talking about the future Grammar in use 1 3.1 Read and listen to the dialogues. Discuss these questions. 1 Who are the people talking? 2 What are they taliing abou? 2 Complete these sentences with the correct subjects. are arriving at 2 o'clock, wil call back later, ng to win the race. is going to have a party. will pu more money into education. can’t come to the phone. is meeting some visitors tomorrow. And here comes Karlsson, The others Helle, i's David, Is Jane there?, That's OK, They aren't |g (Oh, wal, Ul call back ng til in about half en hour, together at te ‘Ad what wl your What are you going te do S x it do about for your birthday, San? Bos ae vnenpliyeoatt HW will put more money into edueation and draining and .., Yes, but that won't odues saw jobs,Rules 1 There are three mai ways of talking about the future. Look at the table. @ Next 1o each use, write the number of the dialogue which illustrates that use. 1b Match each use to the correct form, Dialogue | Use Form number ‘2 general prediction | going to plan or intention prediction with the future wit wi present evidence an arangement for ‘ape tnein | penn continuous the fete wit a future a spontaneous decision | time expression N oe Look at each dialogue again. Explain why each form isu Sometimes more than one future form is possible. It depends on the emphasis we want to give. Could any of the other forms be used in the logues? > check the rules for fuiure forms in Grammar References 3.1 103.4. Practice 4 Some of the future forms in these sentences are incorrect. Find and correct them, 1A B 2A B Are you doing anything this afternoon? Yes, ("Il play tennis. Lean't find my pen. Ob, {'m going te help you look for i 3. Inthe furure | believe shat people are living an Mars. aa B Shall we go 10 the beach? No, it’s raining this afernoon. 5 M1 see David, [invite iim to dinner. 6A B TA B A Ce wo A B will you go to Sarah’s party on Saturday? Yes. is Alma going? ‘Are you really going to leave your job? Yes, 'm going to tell my boss today. Isee they've knocked down that old factory. What will they build there? ‘They'll make It Into a shopping centre. Will you be in tomorrow morning? No, Ill go to the airport at 10.00. My parents are going to arrive at 12,30, Where are you going? Til visi my grandmother. Your future 3 2 complete the conversations. ‘@ Put the verbs in brackets inio an appropiate future form. Sometimes more than one form is possible. Sally's car Monday ‘Meg Hi, Sally. (do) anything, Sally 1 (go) to the dentis’s in the morning, but {ior do) anything in the afternoon. Meg Do you fancy a game of tennis about 2.00? Sally OK. T____ (see) you about 2.00 at the park. Tuesday morning Sally Oh! The car won't start! 1____ {have to) to get the bus, butt (be) late for my appataiment Mother If you hurry, you ge che 10 o'clock bus. 1 iphone) the dentist's and say that you (be) tae. Tuesday afternoon ‘Meg Hi, Sally. Where's your car? Sally It’s broken down again, anc (cost) alot to repatr. 7 (selly Meg — __{get) a new one? Sally No, Ican’tafford it.t__ (get) a bike instead. Meg — Well, that keep) you ft Sally —Itcertainly will, and T (save) 2 lot of money, 100, Meg OK.So___ (play) tennis? Sally Yes. I'm ready when you are. 3 work 3.2 Listen and compare your answers. a partner. Ask and answer about the future, using appropriate future forms. after the lesson? oon Saturday night? for your holiday next year? when you retire? fon your next birthday? at the weekend? when you have finished learning English? ExaMets, A. What are you going to do | doing after the lesson? Bm sot sure, 1 think 1 go to the café oR B_r'm going tothe cinema, 253 Your future Reading 2050 Nooo ‘What do you think the future holds for the world in 20507 Work with a partner, Make some predictions. Discuss your predictions with the class. Look at the twelve texts, There are six predictions for the twenty-first century and six likely results. Read the texts and match the predictions to their results. r Language focus: Expressing probability Most of the predictions in the texts are definite, The eorth's climate will become warmer. However, the results are less definite We might see wars over the contol of rivers ond lakes, Find five different ways (3 modal verbs and 2 adverbs) of showing that the results are not definite, b Putthe verbs and adverbs in the chart, “4 ‘most likely eee Toast ikely EH et m. P. © Look at tents A and J, Where do the adverbs go in relation to the verb? > Check your ideas in Grammar Reference 3.5, 3 According to the texts, what could happen to the United Nations? © the tiger? the industrialized countries? © the environment? © Altlea? © water? © banks and otfices? © cas? Vocabulary file: Word association Match 2 word in column A with an associated word in columa B, a 5 control decine climate genetic engneeIng agreuture extinct succeed drought animal famine Increase patrlou ‘old people power scientist fal ol persion 26 ml 4 Discuss these questions. Compare your ideas from 4 with the predictions in the text. Are any of them similar? Which predictions in the text do you agree with? Give your reasons. © Which of the ideas do you find # the most encouraging? # the most worrying? © the saddest? # the most important? 5 Write your own predictions for the future, @ Work in groups. Discuss one of these topics society communication medicine the environment international relationships © space travel Write about what will happen and shat the likely results will be, “When you replace the hip is there any chance of replacing the rst of him ante sane time?” “The salesman sed that this was the ideal car or life inte fast lane."of the larger mammals may exiinc in the wid. And sore, black rhinos, will Many ‘become such as tigers an possibly survive only in 2008, weet cimeta will become: This wil create roblems for a en oricuiture ee and 3 creughis an amine hn might even so Souther Eusseate8® Probiemsin Attempis fo produce an elebtric vehicle ‘Wil fall andl we'l continue to use our rrormal cars, Around the middie of tne 1) E The wor pe Population wt from the pres increase” biion, Wester ten 19 10 in Affica, Asia, and Latin America F This could produce a change In the International balance of power, as the ‘countries in these regions demand more contro in international organizations like the United Nations and the World Bank. G Inthe industria ed Countries t wl more end more os pecnis, Re Sos of revcing pensions al cei snd medial cer or em wl se century, however, the world's supplies Gg cf petroleum wil tun out. ie D. There wil be seri : fous racial a8 ge urbe of sone ners ty and find food. Water will become a valuable resource and we might 88 Wars over S55 MRIS ove th contol of cvers Fania | H_ With new technology people won't need to be In the same place to communicate easily. They'l be able to stay at home and do everything bby computer and videophone. st ofthis increase will be lime, however, the expensive soca problems of you robably wont matte, jentists will use genetic duce ol from 4 Butts prob ‘because tengineering 1 PIO plans lke sunflowers KK The future looks bad for the world's enimals, We will continue to destroy huge areas ofthe rain forest and other important natural habitats, L_Patiems of work may change. People right docida that they don't actualy | yneed to goto banks, ofces, schools, universities or shops, any more,3 Your future Daa Vocabulary The weather 41 Match the words and symbols. » QRee sunshine loud wind temperature ‘thunder and lightning 2 Now mateh these adjectives with types of weather. Each adjective can be used more than once. heavy light thick strong high low 3 Here are more adjectives for describing the weather. fine wet dry sunny hot cold warm cool windy rainy stormy cloudy dull humid clear bright” ty ‘@ Which adjectives do you normally associate with © holidays? © Christmas? © Britain? © March? © Australia? November? © Russia? b 3.3 Listen to the weather forecast. Which types of weather are mentioned? 4 what's the weather like? @ Match the words with a suitable verb to describe a ‘change in the weather. ran ‘warm up a bit a bit dull calm down rather chilly stop windy ‘brighten up sunny cool down fosgy clear very hot cloud over 1b Work with a partner, Make conversations about the weather, using the information above and these expressions. now at the moment soon You never know. think later EXAMPLE A Whats the weather lke? B's raining a the moment, it fink it igh stop soon, 28 os Listening and speaking Making plans 1 Look at the photographs. What are the people doing? a BS] 3.4 Listen, You will hear seven conversations. In the first column of the table, write the leuters of the photographs in the correct order. ‘Activity Weather Action Compare your answers with o pariner. Answer these questions. 1 What is said about the weather in each case? 2 What do the people decide to do? 34 Listen again and complete columns 2 and 3 of the chart,Your future 3 Conversation pieces 1 Asking about the weather ‘Complete these expressions from the conversations What's the ke? What's the ____ (forthe weekenaj? Whot's i te 2 b Write two more ways of saying Let's see what the weather's like. 34 Listen and check your answers. 2 Making suggestions '@ Work with a partner. How many ways of making suggestions can {you remember irom the conversations? 5 Complete the table, Write the expressions in the correct column, + infinitive + infinitive + ing form without fo © Check your answers, using tapescript 3.4, Roleplay the conversations with a partner, using tapescript 3.4. 2 Make conversations about these situations. @ Work with a partner, following the diagram. * go fora picnic! warm but dull/ brighten up later? get things ready ‘© game of golt/ possibly foggy in the momingy play in the aheroon © swimming/ sunny/ cloud aver iater/ go now + go fora walk? possible snow/ put warm dothes on ry B Make a suggestion TT katt the waater Give the information Suggest action Agree - bb Make more conversations for these situations, * You want to have a barbecue at the weekend, but the weather's changeable, You want to take the dog for a wal, You want to go to the theatre and you ni but W's fy ‘© You want to play tennis, but rain Is forecast to drive there, 'sto0 hot.3 Your future ES Pronunciation Consonants; /o/ in sentences 1 The IPA: Consonants Look at the list of IPA symbols on the inside back cover. Match the correct, sound co the letters. Know | /é/ f/ {phone house | is) wv | fit nice] i) | car jam mnt ony | yes she int iki | wateh b Complete the sentences with voiced and voieless. pl Md Ht I a 101 ‘These sounds are Pod fal If Fe! etd PF 18 ‘These sounds are q (BB 55 tisten and dick V) the words you hear. path bath sat | sad wo | do pig | big. cave | gave ice rise oose | lose leat | leave fan | van back | bag 2 /a/ in sentences In sentences, words that are not essential to the meaning often have a reduced /9/ sound, especially prepositions with -9- or a, auniliary verbs, and words like and, or, that, and than. EXAMPLE fe bl 1 wa taking it fo the kitchen. Each of these sentences contains ‘words with a reduced vowel sound. Circle them. 1 Te will be dull and cloudy at first. 2 You can see the rain coming in from the west, 3 I's going to be warmer than yesterday. 4 Let's go 10 the beach at the weekend. 5 How about a game of tennis or something? 6 She said her friend was from Texas, ¢ BBY 36 Listen, check, and repeat. 30 Extension: Reading and listening A year out 1 Read the information. Compare it to your own country. Education in England and Wales Children start primary school when they are $ years old. From 11 t0 16 they go to secondary school. When they are 16 they take the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams. At the age of 16 they can leave school or study for two more years in the sinth form, Here, they study three subjects for the ‘qualfication called A-levels. At the age of 18 they can go on to study at a university. Most university courses last three years. Students can apply to any university in the country end many young people choose to study away from home. 2 Look quickly at the article A year out. Answer these about? 2. Do young people do this in your country? 3 Read the article. Answer these questions. 1 What examples are given of things to do in a year out? 2 What are the benefits? 3. What must you check before you decide to take a year out? 4 How do universities feel about i? 5 What do you think the expression the university of fife means? 4 A radio Ds is talking to a group of young people about their plans for their year out. a (Bl 3.7 usten. which of these do the young people mention? © workina children’s camp —* join an expedition © do community work © be atour guide © travel round Europe © be a ski instructor © work in a department store 1 Write what the people are going to do in the second column of the table. Name Pian Reasons Rosie bbe a challenge ‘earn some money (Cvistopher be a change find out what it's the Helen do something useful meet interesting people Narn | ‘become more independent ¢ EBL 3.7 tisten again, Match each person's plans fo the reasons siven. Describe each person’ plan. EXAMPLe ie going 0... becuse heise ins iv.§ THe EDUCATION NOTEBOOK _ A year out by TONY HALPIN LOTON RENO ‘u've just finished your A- levels and you've gor a place ar_university, but you'd really like a break from the academic world, Why not think about raking a year out? While most students go. stesight from school 10 university, more and more young people today are choosing to spend a year ar ‘che ‘university of life’ frst. There are Tots of things to choose from. You could work ina bank oF do community work. You might even do something advencurous, such as joining an expedition ro. the ‘Amazon rain forest. The experience will broaden your horizons. and teach you new skill. Ir may also sive you the chance to esta some money, which will be very helpful when you eventually stare your studies. If you're interested in raking a year out you muse make sure that the university wil hold your place for you till next year. Most are quite happy todo this, a¢ they find that year-our students are more mature, confident, and independent. But don’s forge: i's & year out nor a year off. Your tmiversity will want to know whae you're going to do. They wan't be very pleased if you just want to do nothing for a year. So what would you do with a year out? What is the significance of these things in the people's plans? © management © Alaska © hotel © January © conservation = £3,000 * 20 Language focus: would Look at these sentences. What is the difference In meaning? What wil you do with a year out? What would you do with a yeor our? b Why 's would used in the last sentence of the artic? © How do we make positive and negative statements with would? ‘Check your ideas in Grammar Reference 3.6, What would you do with a year out? Discuss your ideas with a partner. Think about ‘© things that you could do. ‘+ reasons for doing them, Imagine you are going to take a year out, Choose one of your ideas from Language focus d. Work in a group. One student is the DJ, the others are young people. Roleplay a radio interview about your plans. Your future 3 “The soy of tie 314. Relations Grammar Relative clauses ‘Grammar in use 1 Read the text and answer these questions. 1 What does Eduard Spranger suggest motivates people? 2. Which ofthe types does Conrad represent? 3 What aspecs of his life demonstrate his type? 4 Bow do you feel about him? 2. Discuss these questions. ‘What motivates you to do things? For example, are you motivated by money of power, odo you lke to be helpful to other people? bo you think tha the same things moxivate other people? Rules 1 Look at these sentences from the text. ‘Are you the kind of person that likes to hel other pena? ‘Does the salary ihat you earn motivate you? Each of the sentences has © amsinciaue © arelative clause ‘Which clause is underlined? A relative dause gives us information about the noun in the rain clause. What do the relative clauses inthe example sentences describe? ‘Where does the relative clause goin the sentence? ‘Underline more examples of relative causes in the text ‘What does each one describe? ao N A relative clause normally starts with a relative pronoun. ‘What is the relative pronoun in the sentences in 1 above? Underline the relative clauses in these sentences. What are the relative pronouns? (Conrad is the kind of person who thinks everything should be useful, He thinks he deserves the high salary which he earns. oP © Look at the relative causes in the text. Complete the rule with that, which, who. for things. Look at che relative clauses that you underlined in the article Replace that with wo or which > Check the rules for relative clauses in Grammar Reference 4.1. a2 Values ‘se you the kind of person that tikes to help other people? Does the salary that you em ‘motivate you? The German psychologist, Eduard Spranger, suggested that there are ‘sx main types of people: aesthetic, social, religious, economic, poitieal, and theoretical, ‘These types are based on the values that ‘motivate people. conrad, or example isthe tnd of person who thinks everything, Should be ose. Fis higraowered Jab es te sles hector of ae ert cornpany very import im, and Ne REET docoeste h soanywheh he ars teenie wor of a but Me or fy ange that havea corer vale. a es noo a somecre wo Kove aac he neta The cts tha he wears reat ne re ca tate ies ft ara expense : Practice 11 Here are the other five types that ‘Spranger identifies. @ Complete the texts. Put these relative clauses in the correct places, using that as the relative pronoun. gover the universe take place ne year concer him she has sold he got for his birthday she wants needs suppert ora shouler to ery on se sick she thnks are wrong with society 40 he leads 14 genuinel tikes people 42 he gets from her involvement in poltcs eavausunsSelina is an artist. Some of the paintings. have fetched high prices, but Selina is not very interested in money. As Jong as she has enough for the things + she’s content. Bjom is fescinated by FSi, the tows 7 ‘When he was a child he lovato study the stor wth a tlescope toy he works in the sctence deparment of a unerty. Clara isthe kind of person She's always ready t6 help anyone Her job as a nurse gives her the opportunity to Ketrin loves the feeling = She wants to change the things = She has decided to stand in the local elections, ‘Tamas is interested in ‘the deoper moaning of life. The questions are: Why are we here? What is the purpose of life? The life {s very simple and he meditates for at least two hours a dey. Change the relative pronouns to who or which. 4,1 Listen and check your answers. Relationships 4 2 Which type does each person represent? {Match the people to the other types identified by Spranger. b> Most people are a combination of types. Which ones {60 you associate yourself with and wh 3 write a description of one of the characters. Think about the details of that persons lle: the kind of house that he/she lives in the things that he/she owns the car thar he/she drives (il any) the kind of people that he/she associates with the things that he/she does in histher free time the kind of partner that he/she has {if any) the holidays that he/she would take b> Write a description withoun saying who the characteris. ExaMPLz tives ina house that. The things that hese © Give your descrito Can hetshe guess wh 4 We often use relative clauses to describe something when we don’t know its name. Match the definitions withthe objects. Tse tol that you we nthe garden. | whe tsa large arial hat tes Inthe sa, Use in of makeup which = soul re aspace isa camer thet you make vies wih a siyseaper wssomcone who makes things with wood. ander Ws Kn of food which bees make. |g sazepan It’s something which you draw a sori nes ith a cancorer Ws pic of lend hats ast anisland. ben! wena Us someting tht you cook ary thing in tis baling that’ ver al ti b Work with a parmer. Descriwe an example of each of these things. Your partner must guess what it i. © akind of job © awo © an animal © am everyday object © agame © akind of food ® apiece of furniture a famous person © aphce ‘© an hem of clothing 334 Relationships SS Vocabulary Communicating 1 Match the verbs and nouns. eres ye conact, may a message hott your head impress a question make an opinion fold ade achieve your arms send ‘compliment ned anansver ak ‘conversation folow other people give aresult 2 Complete the sentences with these verbs. Which verb can you replace with talked? ‘thought introduced said asked heard told agreed spoke listened at John about his new job. 20 Mary a joke, 31 to Mr Saul about the report. ar hello to the neighbours, 31 with Carla on the matter, 61 Sasha to Walter. 71 to Pierre's story. at of something to say. ot a funny story on the radio. 3. How many different forms of ‘communication can you name? Complete the spidergram. N\/ 7 body language aii eas i language ‘ecologies 7IN 34 Reading Successful small talk coNOTHe mp ceuoe Read the first paragraph of the article, Which action would you choose? Do you know people who are good conversationalists? What is smal ak? ‘Look at the seven headings from the article. ‘What advice do you think will be under each heading? Look quickly at the article and write the paragraph headings n the correct place. Pay compliments Tum the spotlight on others Keep it light, snce your inner eritle Use friendly body language Start with the obvious Pay attention Read the article again. Why should or shouldn't you try to impress people? only talk about important things? pay compliments? Stand with your arms folded? ask questions? think about what you're golng to say next? ask people about their personal problems? express your opinions forcefully? Imagine you are strangers at a party. Find a partner, Talk to him/her for five minutes. Try ideas from, the antiele. ‘Move on and talk to another partner. Were you able 10 apply some of the rules? ‘The article is written for a British or American audience, How appropriate Is the advice to your culture? Discuss these questions with regard to your culture. 1 Who should start conversations? 2 Is it acceptable to talk to strangers? 3. What things should or shouldn't you talk about? 4 Is it acceptable to maintain eye contact with someone you are talking 10? 5 Isit polite to disagree with someone publidy? Write some advice for conducting polite conversations in your culture, Include details about © topics that strangers usually talk about. © topics to avoid. ‘© any conventions for who normally speaks first. © any rules about body language, eg. touching, shaking hands, eye contact. Give your advice to other students to read.The secret of successful Language focus: Reduced relative clauses Look at these sentences, Relationships 4 > He wos the fist persn that! sow. He wos the fst person that spoke to me ot the party Il talk oo sma ‘a. 2 te sujet of terete cause? # the abject ofthe relative cause? You're ata cocktail party. There are lots of people ie ana ceenelcen ara there, but there's nobody that you know. What do Ae hild oe ed hed ulead oentan aeke a a fi pronoi n a relative cause. Lae aaapioeanea ind sentences in the article where the clave b Walle up ta someone and introduce yourselé, idle ladateyeecteg € Wait patiently until somebody comes to talk to you. {> Check your ideas in Grammar Reference d Try to think of something interesting to say to someone. “The good converscionalisc would choose b, We all nw people ike tat ~ people who ea talk to anyone about anything, How do they doi Well, the good nes is thc there i m0 great sscret ro small eal, There ar jst some simple techniques that anyone can te to sare & convention and kep going. 1 In the fll Arnie Hall, Diane Keaton and ‘Woody Allen have jus mee and they want co impress eachother. While they are elkng thet inner thoughts appear in subsites on che sereenLiten to me = hata jerk"He probably thinks Un supid” Though ike these ll = conversation, S© dor’t ty to imprest ether people Just eae and be youn 2 When you talk wo someone you show tha you se interested in them. So you don'ehave ro alk about deeply imporant things Js alk about Simple things like the weather of television programe tht you aw ls night. I the thet petson want 9 tal, these obvious ehigs wil son endive other more intresting topics. 3 “TV jowsalse Barbara Wales reals hat when she was younger she mer the author, Truman Capote. She wanted to tll him that she liked hisbook. However, she thought that he must be tired of hearing dha, so she jase mumbled “How do you do? andl turned aay. Ste forgo that, everybody likes to receive «compliment and ks an egy way ncaa conversation expecially if you fallow i up with a question: weal ed your book, How long did ie eke you 1 write “Tha nice jcker, Wheze dl you by ie? gee ‘Your fece and your body can communica much ‘more than your words IF you stand wich your mms folded or if you keep looking around the room, che conveesation will quickly end, ‘because you will ook unincerested, Instead you should make eye contcr, keep an open posse and smile Ifyou end out friendly messages, your will ge friendly messages back. ‘A Victorian Indy once compared the two British prime minisers, Gladstone and Disc. When you speak to Mr Gladstone she st you think he isthe mos intersting man in the werd But when youspeak: ro Mr Disali, you feo har you ‘re the most interesting weman in the world” People lke co talk about themselves and they will chink you are fescinating if you ssle questions cat allow them co do so, 6 Bat people chen don't listen properly. They are ‘oo busy thinking about che nexe thing thee they themselves wane te say. Good conversational: listen carfilly and chey show that they are Tistening, coo. They sak questions, nod their hea in agreement or say things like ‘Oh, that sounds exciting 1 ‘There are some copies thar you should avoid Don't ask people about personal problems, money or religion. I's also good idea to void the kindof sstements thar say tm ight. You'e ‘wrong, Ie'sal sgh 9 express your opinion, Lust sofuen your comments with expeesions such ‘Tim afraid Ihave to dsagree with you thee.’ So, there sno secre ro succesfl small ral, Just fellow these simple rules end youll oon find tac you can hold a pleasant conversation wich anybody ahour anything. 354 Relationships Listening and speaking Conversations Look at the photographs and discuss these questions. 1 Where are the people? 2. What do you think they are talking about? 2 42 Listen to these four conversations: and match them to the correct pictures. w What can you remember? Ansiver the questions. What is the score? who scored the goal? Whose party is it? What are the names of the wo speakers at the party? ‘Who Is the man In the pink jacket? ‘Who has been to the chub? what's its name? Why can’t they go? ‘Who is the man from Australia? 10 What does he do? bb BBD 42 tisten again and check your ideas. » 36a » Language focus: Question tags @ Complete these sentences from the conversations with the correct question tag canit? —doest have they? she? is it? didn’t he? shall we? ‘They haven't scored, But that isn't her husband with her Ws a lovely day, Pavia always picks the right day for a party, Wel, it con't be Brod Conran, Let's go to that new club, John said it was good, ‘tice about the intonation? > See Pronunciation for question tag Intonation. (€ How do we form question tags? Answer these questions, 1. When isthe tag negative or positive? 2 How do we make the tag when the verb Is to be or an saunilary verb? 3 How do we form the tag when the verb does not have an auxiliary verb? 4 When the subject Is @ pronoun we use the pronoun in the tag, What do we do when the subject is a noun? 5 Whatis the tag for a sentence with Let's ..? > Check your answers In Grammar Reference 4.3, 4.2 Listen again and check your ideas. What do you Complete these tags. Which conversation Is each ene from? 1 Well, they aren't going to win now, 2. The bride looks lovely, 7 3 He works in television, 7 4 Ltoid you | was out of touch, 5 [think i's my round, ? o Well, t won't be open tonight, © Check your answers In tapescript 4.2. Write down some comments to make about the party, using question tags. Write down some things that you think you know about your partner. Here are some possible ideas: Dorn int works! tivest likes used to cant married! childrent has got ‘Work with your partner. Have a conversation at the party and find our if your ideas about your partner are correct, using ‘question tags. EXAMPLES A I's a nie party n't i? B Yes, iti. A. You work in a bank, don’ you? B Yes, that’s right. And you are a student, aren't you? Find another partner and have another conversation. 1¢ you are having a conversation at a party. Relationships 4 | ene Naa Pronunciation Vowels; question tags 1 Vowel sound pairs a BB) a3 uisten and repeat these words. What do you notice about the vowel sounds? rat ey heart fax! sity feet fit shot lef short fxs alloy fool dus 44 Listen and tick (V) the words you hear. will wheel cat cart pot port cot caught pull pool sit seat not nought back bark 44 Listen again and repeat. 2 Question tag intonation Question tags can have falling or rising intonation, but the meaning is different, 45 Listen to the difference. ace 1 was Brazil, wasn’t R It was Brazil, Wasnt b Complete the rules with falling and ising. A Intonation means that you think the statement is true. You expect the other person to agree A intonation means that {you are not sure whether the statement is true, It is more like @ real question, 46 Listen to these question tags. ‘Mark the intonation. You're away next week, aren't you? He's pretty good at tennis, int he? You can't play gol, can you? ‘The restaurant isn't closed, i it? ‘They’ in room 234, aren’ they? Sine went swimming, didet she? ‘The meeting's at fous, isnt? ‘You haven't got a map, have you? dB) 46 Listen agein and repeat. esaunene 374 Relationships EEE LE z - Extension: Reading and listening Season’s greetings 1 Look at the text and pictures. Discuss these questions. 1 Do you celebrate this festival in your country? 2 Ist the biggest festival of the year? 3. Ifnot, what do you celebrate? 2 Read the text quickly. Put these days in the correct order and give the dates. i New Year's Day Oi New Year's Eve Gi christmas Eve Gl Boxing Day CO Christmas Day b Match these items to the correct day. © turkey © Auld Lang Syne} ‘© winter sales © crackers / © Father Christmas © sport © sacks © Christmas pudding 3 Read the text again. @ How many of the things mentioned can you see in the pictures? ‘b Find all the information in the text about © Christmas wees. © entertainment. * ft © shops. presents. © faniiles © partes. ‘* modem developments, 4 What does the British Christmas sound like to you? Is there anything that you find strange or unusual about it? 4.7 Listen to some people talking about Christmas. Answer the questions for each person. 1 How do they normally celebrate it? 2 How do they feel about i? 6 Think about the biggest festival of the year in your country. ‘@ Discuss these questions. What is it? How do you celebrate it? ‘What traditions are there? How are these traditions changing? How do you feel about the festival? b. Write a description of the festival, using the questions above, ween _ What do you think? Why do we have traditions and customs? Do you think they are important? b_ what other events have a lot of traditions associated with them? 38 % r ings, Season’s qreetChristmas is the biggest festival of the yoar in most of Britain. Celebrations start properly on 24 December, Christmas Eve, although there have been several weeks of preparation beforehand. The (Christmas tree and all the presents, food, drinks, and decorations have been bought. Christmas cards have already been sent to friends and aelations. Kbout a week before Christmas, people usually put up their decorations and decorate the Christmas tree with lights, various coloured decorations and an angel on the top. Family presents are ‘usually put under the tr celebration and many ofthe ‘eustoms contro on children ‘When they goto bed on ‘Christmas Eve, children hang up a pillow case or a sack for their presents, (Traditionally, it should be a stocking, but a stocking wouldn't hold enough to satisfy today's kids.) While ‘tho childzen are asleep, so the custom goes, Father Christmas, or Santa Claus, comes (but only to children who have been good). He travels from the North Pole in'a sleigh which is pulled by zeindeer. After landing on the roof, Father Christmas climbs down the chimney and puts presents in the sacks that the childzen have left out. Christmas Day is the biggest jay of the holiday. On Christmas morning (often very ‘early!), children open th presents that were in their ‘sacks, Some families go to ‘church, The traditional Christmas dinner consists of > xoast turkey with potatoes and various other vegetables. This is followed by Christmas pudding — a dark, rich mixture of flour, fruit, sugar, nuts, and brandy. Before the dinner people usually pull crackers - ‘small rolls of paper that have gifts, jokes, and party hats inside. large quantities of beer, wine, and How the rest of the day is spent v Jot from family to family and may include ‘opening the rest of the presents that are under the tree, playing games, going for a wall or just "going to sleep in an armchair! ‘Bnd there is always a special schedule of films and other programmes on television. “December 26, which is called ‘Boxing Day, is also a holiday. (On Boxing Day most people go out to see friends, watch sports events, go to the theatre a pantomime, or increasingly nowadays, go shopping. Most of the large stores start their ‘winter sales on Boxing Day now. But the Christmas holiday is still not over. In fact, many “offices and factories close for ‘the whole Christmas period from 24 December to 2 January. On New Year's Eve there are a Jot of parties and at midnight everyone joins hands to sing Auld Lang Syne. Then after _ New Year's Day to sleep it off, that's Christmas over for ‘another year.B The law Grammar The passive Grammar in use 1 Look at the text and answer the questions. 1. What has happened? 2 Who probably won't solve the crime? 3. Who are the ‘experts’? 4 What will happen to the evidence? 2 What kind of evidence do you think is collected? Rules ‘4 Underline all the verbs in the passive. @ How do we form the passive? Label both paris of the verbs In these examples. The evidence | is collectee, | The things | are taken to the police laboratories. b Find two examples of the negative form of the passive in the text. Which part of the passive shows the negative? 2 How do we make different tenses in the passive? Look at the text again. Find examples ofthe passive in these censes. the pas perfect, © the past simple © the present perfect will would b Which part of the passive changes to show the vense? wo When do we use the passive? Find passive sentences in the text where we don’t know wlio does the action, b ifwe want to show who does the action, we use en agent. Find examples in the text. © Complete the rule with action and agent, ‘We use the passive when the than the is more important Translate the text into your own language, Do you use the passive in the same way? > Check the rules for the passive in Grammar Reference 5.1. 40 Evidence Amani been re Herboy wa sree seen ct noring Se anced hapa nt n WaeSicene wos roy beard by weer dteive Bt leer seer Spake eth Mo ial Soom y oe ‘he gle ve ben calle tthe room si weeded he cper ave Sata he strona te Beet th enc calc an Sts ne oth poe aerator Ms hye eine yes rere Te eecn il bea sale The room for fingerprints and footprints, “Fibres and hairs Sticky tape for this.Practice 11 Complete the sentences around the picture. Put these verbs In the passive. Use some more than once, search take check photograph match collect find pick up make = use examine 2 Many things are used to solve crimes. @ How do you think these things are used? © tyreprinis| © insects © guns © teeth © DNA © paint b What other things are used to solve a crime? How? What evidence is collected? ‘Windows and doors for marks. Plaster casts of any marks. Sometimes tools They against the ‘mortuaiy. There it by the pathologist. The law 5 3. Read what happened next in the murder case. ‘Change the sentences into the passive, keeping the same tense. Omit the ‘agent where itis not important. EXAMPLE A suspect was arresed yesterday. 1 The police arrested a suspect yesterday. 2 Someone murdered the vietim at 6 o'clock. 3 Annelghbour had seen the suspect, near the house at 5.30. 4. The police searched the suspect's house. 5 They found some bloodstains. 6 The forensic scientists have examined the bloodstains. 7 Two detectives are questioning the suspect. 8 They will probably charge bim with murder. 9) They will take him to court 5.1 Listen and check your 4 Tell the story of a robbery, using this information. Make sentences in the active or passive. © Two days ago! record shop in the igh Street! rob ‘= Some money and several CDs! steal # Aman and a woman! see! neat the shop at 10.30. ©The burglars! break/ a window at the back of the shop. However, not muchy steal because the burglars! set off the alarm ©The police cal’ a neighbour The shop/ examine! forensic scientiss ‘= Some hair! find! on the broken window ‘The next day! the shop assistants ‘question’ the police One ofthe assistants hair? match? the haie on the window She and her boyiriend/ arrest They! identify! ne witness 5 Think of a crime. Work in groups. You can choose a real-life crime or one from television, 1 book, or a film. What happened? How was lt solved? Write the story. b Tell your story to another group, a5 The law Vocabulary Crime and the law 1 Work in pairs. Make a list of all the crimes you can think of. Compare your list with the class. 2 Match the verbs and nouns. Some verbs may go with more than one noun, victim a suspect a witness sentence the palce acime prison the few aaa criminal | ‘question ive evidence 3 Look at the actions in 2. Who does each one? Exanous A lawvger o a detective questions a wines, 4 Look at this list of crimes. ‘Work in groups and put them in order of seriousness. Cassa Di vandatirn C1 blackmail Bi murder DD teaua CO shopiitting C speeding Ty burglary Ci kidnapping atug trafficking a2 SEE Reading Sentenced to two years of fun 1 Read the newspaper article, Answer these questions. 1 What happened to Mr Singh? 2 What will happen to the boy? Discuss these questions. 1 How do you feel about the sentence? 2 What do you think should happen to the boy? 3. Why do you think the judge made the decision? By Arthur Campbell Te was a brucal assuule in whi fan elderly man was almose killed. Yesterday che 17-year-old thug who did ic was sencenced co ‘ovo years at Winfell Grange, « luxuey couneey home where all kinds of spores and games will be provided. If che boy, who can't be named, behaves himself, he'll be caken on a trip to Paris. The cost to the caxpayer of his decention will be £1,000 a week. Se When choy heard che judge's sentence, the victim's farily were very angry. Me Singh, 61, hud been hie geveral cemes with & piece of ‘wood an! was fn hospical far weeks sared walking hneadsches and is afaid co leave his hows, Winfell Grange, where ze boy will bbe sene aims eo give young peoplea purpose ie life. The boy will have his own room wich a television and wll have access to compucers, table cennis, motorcycles, golf, and ‘swimming pool. Educston will be provided ae the lca school. Sentenced to tw years of fun2 Look at the parts of two letters to the newspaper about the case. Sort the parts to make the two le:ters, b Number the pans in the correct order. 3 Look at the letters again and discuss these questions. 1. What arguments are given for and against the boy's senterice? 2 Which arguments do you agree with? 3. Would you change your ideas about the sentence now? 4 Whose fault was the crime? (IAI 1F you didn’t know it was true, you'd think it was joke. A young thug almost ma {ind he is sentenced to two yeats in a place where host people would be happy to spend their holidays. the young man who was sent to Winfell Grange fo: assaulting an old man, and i's easy to understand the anger that people feel about the apparent injustice of it. But very few people really understand the truth behind the headlines. ieders an old man 12] Most people have read the newspaper articles about The law 5 4 Here are two more cases. @ Work in groups. What do you think should happen? What sentences should be given? Why? 1 Abomb exploded in a busy shopping centre, ‘Three people were seriously injured. A terrorist organization fighting for independence said that they planted the bomb, 2 A woman was found guilty today of murdering her husband, The court was told that the man had been violent towards his wile and had often beaten her up. Last February she stabbed him while he was asleep. b Now compare your ideas with the information from your teacher, | | | Language focus: Modal verbs and the passive Look at these sentences. The boy should be punished, ‘The bey can't be named. Complete the rule with past participle, modo! verb, and be. ‘Whien we use a modal ve® with the passive, we use +, + > heck the mes for modal verbs and the passive ‘in Grammar Reference 5.1 vic televisions, computers, and holidays for CO attesting on people who can’t afford these things. For’ beating up an. ‘old man, this young thug should be punished, not sent to ‘a holiday camp. In some countries he would be beaten with a cane until he was unconscious. He'd certainly: think twice about committing another crime after that. (© Complete the sentences wit the items in brackets 1 Young criminals. (mustn't name) In the press: 2 You are less likely to commit a crime if you think you (night / catch). 3 People who commit crimes of violence 1 Young people who have been abused like this are society and punishing them will only make angry wi them angriet. At Winfell Grange the young men are ‘teattd well for the fist time in their lives, We have to show them that society does care about them, so that they can become responsible and law-abiding adult. (1 Fist ofall, it muse holiday camp. The boys there follow a have t9 work bard to earn the rewards of mot to Paris, We aren't dealing with young thugs, them, but angry and frightened young men, wt badly damaged by their childhood. And why has he been sent there? Well, we are told thatthe boy isn really a criminal. He's just an angry young man. He shoulda’t be punished, He should be taught how to contco his ‘anger. What rubbisht I feel angry when {read bout what this young man has done, but I'm not soing fo go out and assaul someone because of be understood that Winfell Grange is not a strict dily coutine and they torcycie racing and a tip asthe press lke ro call hose lives have been (should / punish). 4 Young people {cantt/send) to prison. 5 The victims of crimes ___ (should hep). Some people thin tat capa punishment | (chould bring back) i | TOI No,feting angry isn an excuse for ‘Committing a crime. Pechaps the boy in this a ‘has had a haed life. Bur he can still tell m between right and wrong. 7 vusands of ather people have difficul childhoods, thousands of people are poe, but they don’t become criminals. * (CIO in this particular case, his father left home when the boy was only two. He was neplecred by his mother and often left alone in the house for days. When he was seven years old he was so badly beaten up by his stepfather that he was in hospital for ten weeks. Three years later he came home one day and found that his mother had ‘ried to commit suicide. He was taken away and put in a children's home. This boy's case is not uncommon, and many are much worse. 435 The law Listening and speaking Reporting an incident 1 What do you think has happened to the man’s car? @ Look at the photograph. Choose from these ideas. © Ws been damaged. Is been stolen, © I's been broken into and the radio has been stolen. Another car has run into it, It’s been towed away. ‘A bag has been taken from the back seat. It’s been blacked In by a lorry. b [BB] 522 Listen and check your ideas. 44 2 vow much can you remember? Mark these sentences True (¥) or False (X). ‘The car was parked In Samwell Road. ‘The car is a BMW 5402, ‘The car Is red, ‘The registration number is P67 HKL. The car had been parked there for three hours. ‘A lorry ran into the car. ‘The car Is now at the police station. ‘The man and the police officer are standing in Hilton Road. ‘The number 24 bus goes to Hilton Road. 5.2 Listen again and check your ideas.- Language focus: Questions in the passive a L. 3. Make conversations for these situations, Work with Partner, following the diagram. Take it in turns to be the police officer and the person reporting a problem. A Look at these questions from the conversation Where was the car parked? Has it already been found? How do we make questions inthe passive? Find more questions in the passive In tapascript 5.2 ‘Write the questions n the passive in the correct tense. 1. There was a crash on the motorway yesterday, (anyone/ Ka) No, but two people were hurt {(ake/ to hospital) Yes, they were. 2 My car was stolen, (fin yet) Yes, I've Just got It back, {tt/ damage) No, it hasn't, 3. That man's been found guity. {(When/ he/ sentence) Tomorrow, (ne/ send/ to prison) Yes; | think he wil 4 A.woman has been arrested for that murder. (charge/ yet) No, she hasa't (Geingy question) Yes, she Is Your motorcycle has been stolen. ‘Your dog has disappeared, ? 7 ? ? ? 2 2 7 mall Someone has broken into your car and stolen something, You've found a bag. B Ask for more details fale what the problem is a Explain the problem Say what you will do > Provide the information — The law 5 RA Pronunciation /3:/; word linking (1) 1 The /s:/ sound ‘Many words in English have the ‘a sound, but it can be spelt in different ways, @ Tick (V) the words with the /s/ sound, bird word warm curl heard first pure occur storm girl beard stir world calm fre worm birthday third worth 5.3 Listen, check, and repeat, © In the spelling of words with the // sound, which consonant is always present? 2 Word linking (1) 5.4 Listen to these expressions, ‘What happens to the words that start with vowels? forensic evidence shop asistant 1b Mark the links in these sentences. 1 He was an old man, 2 3 4 5 6 eel angry when I read about it He died soon afterwards. He's run into the back of my car, It’s been towed away. She's a police officer. 5.5 Listen, check, and repect. 5.6 Now read and listen to these sentences. What happens to the words beginning with vowels here? 4 There are too many of tiem, bt “How fen do you come here? ht 14 been here fog hour © Maric the links in these sentences, ‘There's a cov in that field. ‘What's the colour of the car? I's my own book. parked my car in this street. ‘We decided to stay all day. Now it's time to go. au aun £ (El 57 Listen, check, and repeat.5 The law am : Extension: Reading and listening Who killed Harry Squires? 4. Read the story and name the people in the picture. Who killed Harry Squires? ‘At around 10.30 on the evening of 9 June millionaire businessman, Harry Squires, was murdered in his sitting room. “His business partner, Julian Clayton, was wounded in the attack, There were three other people at the house at the time: Harry's wife, Martina, his sister, Belinda Ewers, and her husband, Cralg. According to thelr stories, at the time of the ‘murder, Martina Squires was reading in the library. Belinda Ewers was upstairs in her bedroom. She wasn't feeling well and she had ‘gone to bed early. Craig Ewers was in the garden. He wes having a cigarette, Harry Squires ‘wouldn't allow smoking Inside the house. Harry Squires himself and Julian Clayton were discussing business in the sitting room. It was a warm evening and the French windows were open. Suddenly @ shot was fired, It was quickly followed by a second shot and a scream. Belinda Ewers arrived at the sitting room first. Harry Squires was already dead and Julian Clayton was lying on the floor. His hand was bleeding and he was holding a handkerchief around it. Soon afterwards Martina Squires arrived. While she and Belinda were helping Julian, Craig Ewers entered the sitting room through the French windows, He was holding a gun in his hand, The police ware called, Preliminary investigations showed that Harry Squires and Julian Clayton had almost certainly been shot with the gun that Mr Ewers had brought in. The bullets had been fired from the direction of the garden. The only fingerprints on the gun were Mr Ewers' 2 What do you think? @ Make a note of any facts you think are significant. bb who do you think is the prime suspect? Why? 46 3 Here are some notes from the detective’s notebook. @_ Why is each of these facts significant? bb Who do you think committed the murder? tt seamed an open and shut cso, but later \ jnvestigations revealed some intaresting facts. 1 When Bolieda Evers went to the sitting room, sha was fully dressed. Her bed had not boom disturbo 2 Tro gun belonged to Hary Squirs. It hed Aisoppeored three dey before the murder on ‘the day that the Ewore had arrived. 3. Bolinda arrived at the sitting room before Martina. ‘4 Tho light in th library was switched of. 5 Tha back door was open. {6 Mrs Squires had soil on har shoes. 7 Nobody seemod unhappy about the murder. teens ‘Squires hed baen hated by evorybody In ‘the house and meny other peepl, Y00. e N © Harry Squires and Julian Clayton were arguing * * e N ® e * e ° * in the sitting room. Thoir voioes could be heard inthe garden. 4 5.8 Listen to these interviews with the people involved. a Note down any important facts. b_ What motive did each person have for killing Harry Squires? © Do any of the facis change your ideas about who committed the murder? 5.9 Listen. The detective will reveal the murderer. 6 Write a short newspaper article about the murder with the title below, using all the information that you have. Squires’ murder solved!Te CT AETNTT ATTETET6 Travel Grammar Conditionals; time clauses Grammar in use 1 6.1 Listen to Bill and Marie discussing their holiday and answer these questions. 1 What aspect of the holiday are they discussing? 2 What are the tmo possibilities? 3 Whieh do Bill and Marie want? 2 What are the arguments for and against each form of travel? @ Complete the table. Fomoiowd [ee [esse : bo 2 La Which would you choose? Why? © How do you think they will resolve the argument? 48 Rules 1 a ‘The conversation contains two types of conditional sentence. Complete these sentences from the conversation, we lot cheaper. ype two weeks forthe holiday, the coach allright. ‘What form of the verb is used © inthe ifdlause? © Inthe main clause? ‘What is each type of conditional called? by coach, it a When is each type of conditional used? Look at the example sentences and answer these questions. 1 Ist possible to go by coach? 2 Do they have two weeks? ‘Which sentence is talking about a possible situation? © an Imaginary situation? ‘The same verb forms can also be uséd with time clauses, using the conjunctions wher, as scam as, unt, Infore, and after. EXAMPLE You'll beable to sleep when we're on the plane, Find more examples of each type of- conditional and underline any other time clauses in tapescript 6.1. Say why each example is either a first or a second conditional. ‘Check the rules for conditionals and time clauses in Grammar References 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3.Practice 11 what are the advantages and disadvantages of different forms of travel? ‘Make sentences using items from each column, EXAMPLE, If we go by coach, twill be cheaper. If we fly, we'll get there quicker. A 2 ty be cheaper get there quicker be mara comfortable 90 by coach be able to see things on the journey cast more not be bothered by trafic jams take the tain | be more relaxing take longer not be able to take a lot of luggage ive be able to leave when we tke 2 ‘Things can sometimes go wrong on holiday. @ What would you do in these situations? EXAMPLE yr st my credit cards, 'd phone the credit card company immediatly. 10 n ‘You lose your credit cards. A stranger asks you for a lift. Your hotel is overvooked. You get toothache in the middle of the night. ‘You lock yourself out of your hotel room. Your plane is hijacked. Your passport is stolen. Your hotel room fs too noisy. ‘An armed mugger demands your wallet. Your car breaks down on a lonely road at night, A dog bites you. b Work with a partner. Ask end answer about the situations. Then ask questions to find out more information. Exampue A B 4 ‘What would you do if you lost your eredit cards? T'd phone the creditcard company tnameatarly. What would they do? 1 What would you do if you didn’t know thelr meamber? 3 Rewrite these sentences with time clauses, using the conjunctions in brackets, EXAMPLE we 1 2 3 ‘Ihave dinner before we go out. We'll have dinner, and then we'll go out. (before) ‘They'll send us the report, but they'l need to finish the survey firs. (after) We'll go to the travel agency, but we'll look at the brochures frst. (before) cpu ea5 Travel 6 She hasn't arrived yet, so I'll wait. (until) 1 get back, and then Il drop you a line. (when) She'll get to her hotel and then she'll phone us Immediately. as soon as) Look at the conversations. Decide whether each incomplete sentence should be «first or second conditional. Some have time clauses, ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. A. Do you think you've had an interesting life? B Ohyes. ff (have) my time again, 1 (do) exactly the same, A. Can you tell Sally 1 won't be here tomorrow? OK.1 o (tell) her if (see) her. No, on second thoughts 1 until she ___ (come) back. 1 think Til go out this evening Well, if you (take) the car, you (need) to put some petrol init Will you be late? Yes, You in bed when I ‘Can you lend me £107 No, 'm sorry But {need it urgently, and t (pay) ‘you back as soon as 1 ‘sei) paid. Look, ¢ (end) ieto you iT have) it, but I'm broke. A. This letters important. it must get there by wait) wb > > probably. (get) back. (oe) o> tomorrow. B OK Ifyou (leave) it there, 1 (post) it for you. A You won't forget? B_ Don't worry. 1 (see) to Itbefore 1 (go) to lunch, Explain your choice of conaditionals. 6.2 Listen and compare your answers ‘Work with a partner. Practise the conversations. ‘Try some creative thinking. ‘Write down some ideas for these imaginary situations. Discuss your ideas with a partner. 1 2 What would life be like if people had three legs instead of two? ‘What would happen if everyone in the world got flu at the same time? ‘What would people do if there was no tele or radio? ‘What would or wouldn't you do if you were nine years old again? ‘What would life be like if we could read other people's minds? 496 Travel a Vocabulary Phrasal verbs (1) 1 Look at these phrasal verbs and answer the questions. ‘@_ Can you work out what these phrasal verbs mean from the meenings of each part? He ran away from home. They took their coats off ‘They set off early inthe morning. She looks after her granddaughter. b Some phrasal verbs have an object (transitive) and some do not (intransitive). Look at these sentences. Which verbs are transitive? Your son has relly grown up. Could you pick up that pen? Tekin 1 turn the TV off. 1s time to get up. © With some transitive vesbs the two parts can be separated. Which of these sentences are correct? Tin looking for ny glases. Tim looking my glasses for. 1m looking them for. {Pm looking for them. ‘They pu the meeting off They put off the meeting They pu it off. They put off it > Check the rules for phrasal verbs in Grammar Reference 6.4. N Work with a partner. @ Can you work out the meanings of these phrasal verbs from the two parts? Which of them are transitive? Check your ideas in a dictionary. 1 She really stands out from the rest. 2. Just kick off your shoes and dance. 3. ell over in the street. 4 We decided ro set up a business together. 5 ‘Lindsay isn’t here. She's just gone out.” Complete these sentences with the phrasal verbs in brackets. Give both the separated and the ‘unseparated forms where possible. 1 The baby his chair. (has fallen off) 2 Gould you please the form? (fill in) 3. The witness the robber easily. (picked out) 4 Tid like to stay fora few days. Can you me? (put up) 5. The soldiers the train. (blew up) 6 Could you the radio? (tum down) 7 She's just the plane. (got on) 50 REE Reading Culture clash 1 Discuss these questions. 1 Have you ever been to another country or had ‘contact with people from another culture? 2. Have you ever had any experiences that were ‘caused by cultural differences? 2 Read the first paragraph and answer the questions. 1 What do your responses show about your culture? 2. Do you think people from other cultures would ‘ive the same response? 3 Read the rest of the article quickly and answer ‘these questions. 1. What differences is it about? 2. In what context do these differences emerge? 3. Who does this cause problems for? 4 The text describes two ways in which cultures differ. @ Complete the scale. bb Read the text agnin. For each of the four types of society or culture find + the distinguishing featre. © the effects on behaviour. countries or regions that have the culture. +. how the opposite kind of culture sees it 5 Discuss these questions. 1 What do you think are the plus and minus points of the different types of culture? 2 What do you think of the indian traveller's problem? 3 Where would you put your country on the scale ina? 6 Look at these situations. What would you think or do? Make notes, then discuss In groups. 1 You are working in a foreign country. A colleague from your own country comes to see ‘you. He/She is only in town for a day and would Like to see some of the interesting places. You are very busy and would have to take the rest of the day off to show him/her around. 2. You are ina queue in a bank. A local politician comes in. The bank clerk invites him/her to come to the front of the queue. 3. You have a meeting. When you artive, you find that the person that you are meeting has taken the day off to go to a cousin's wedding, 4 You are in the ‘no smoking’ section of a restaurant. Some people at the next table start smoking.Culture CGU@SH You've just got on a plane for your long-haul flight to Australia. The fight is full and there's someone sitting in the seat next to you. You know that you're going to spend the next twenty hours or so next to your fellow passenger. ‘What would you like to happen: You start a conversation with the other person and really get to know him/her? 1H You sit quietly next to each other and perhaps just hefore you land you'll say how nice it ‘was to meet? You wait for the other person to start a conversation? Would it make a difference if the other passenger was older than you? @ younger than you? 1 of the opposite sex? 1 from a different culture? ‘These are questions from a cross- cultural workshop which helps business people to avoid mis understandings when they deal with people who come fom different cultures. Ideas about polite behaviour vary from one culture to another and i's easy 10 cause offence, or feel offended, if ‘you don't know what other cultures ‘xpoct. Some societies, such as America and Australia, for example, are mobile and very open. People here change jobs and move house quite frequently. As a result they have ‘0 lot of relationships that often last only a short time, and they neod to get to know people quickly. So i's) normal to have friendly ‘conversations with people that they hhave Just met, and you can talk ‘about things that other cultures ‘would rogard as private, At the other extreme ‘erowded and less mobi ‘where long-term relationships are more important. A Malaysian or Mexican businessperson, for example, will want to got to know you vory woll bofore he or she fools happy to start business. But when ‘you do get to know each other, the relationship becomes much deeper than it would in a mobile society. To Americans, both Europoans and Asians seem cool and formal at first: On the other hand, as a passonger from a less mobile society put it, i's no fun spending savoral hours next to a stranger who wants to tell you all about bis ‘or her life and asks you all sorts of embarrassing questions that you don't want to answer. Cross-cultural differences aren't just a problem for travellers, but also for the airlines that carry them. Al airlines want to provide the best service, but ideas about good service vary from place to place. ‘This can be seon most clearly in the ‘way that problems are dealt with, Some societies have “universalist” cultures. These societies have a strong respoct for rules, and they treat every person and situation {in basically the same way. Travel 6 FP rccabutery file: synonyms Find words or expressions inthe article which mean the same as: fight between continents someone who is traveling with you mle, f you are female ae diferent moving often fasting a long tne It lant enjoyable. in different places i — ‘Particularist’ societies, on the other hand, also have rules, but they are less important than the society's unwritten ideas about what is right or wrong for a particular situation or a particular ‘person. So the formal rales are bent to fit the needs of the situation or the importance of the person. ‘This difference can cause problems. ‘A traveller from a particularist society, India, is checking in for a ‘ight in Germany, a country which ‘has a universalist culture. The Indian traveller has too much Tuggage, but he explains that he has been away from home for a long * ‘time and the suitcases are full of presents for his family. He expects that the “check-in clerk will understand his problem and wil bend the rules for him. The check- in clerk, however, expects that if she explains the rules, the customer will understand. Ihe was allowed to have too much luggage, it wouldi't be fair to the other passengers, But the traveller thinks this is unfair, because the other passengers don’t have his problem. 3i6 Travel | a Sta Listening and speaking Checking 1. Read this information about 6.3 Listen again and complete the conversation eee Mr Brown Do I check in here for New York? Mr Brown is fying to New York. Clerk Yes. Could I see your ticket and passport, please? He has an important meating Mr Brown tomorrow morning, He doesn't Clerk ‘Thank you. How many pleces of luggage are you smoke and when he's traveling checking in? he likes to look out ofthe window. Mr Brown He's taking one sultease and a Clerk Did you pack the ease yoursll? briefcase. His wife packed the Mr Brown suitease, Last time he went, she Clerk Does the bag contain any elecirical tems? forgot his eletrc razr, but this Mr Brown time she remembered i. She put Clerk i'm afraid you can’t take elecronic items in hold his personal stereo in his suitease, baggage. You'll have to take the personal stezeo in too. Mr Brown drove to the airport, ‘your hand baggage, I'm ala parked his ear and checked in MrBrown straight away. Clerk ‘Thank you. Has the case been unattended at any time since your wife packed it? : Mr Brown ‘Mr Brown is checking in at the Clerk Fine. Would you like smoking or non-smoking? airport. Mr Brown Look at the dialogue in 3. Glerk ‘And would you preter @ window or an aisle seat? b_ write what you think Mr Brown says. Mr Brown | et bad scat teat ence gear iotad Clerk Here you are, Here's your boarding card, Hcket, and | passport. Boarding is at 18.40 from gate 23. Have a pleasant fight. Mr Brown,4 BB 6. Listen to three more conversations and complete the table. Destination Baggage Smoking Seat Boarding time Gate 5 Roleplay conversations at the check-in desk. @ Work with a partner. Practise the conversations, using tapescript 6.4, Take it in turns to be the customer and the check-in clerk, 1b. Make more conversations, using this information. ‘+ Singopore/ smoking/ aise! packed own case/ nothing electrical 16.40/ gate BLL ‘+ Sydney/ non-smoking/ window! mother packed case/ hairdryer! 10.00/ Gate 26 Conversation pieces: Check-in problems Complete the sentences with these expressions. (im afraid while | had a meeting Is overweight conly smoking seats over there, please Is closed fs hand baggage isn't valid Tm sorry, sir while you're waiting 1m sony, si There are ___ tet there's 0 three-hour delay on this fight. Here's @ voucher fora chink Yes, | lft it ct the hot! reception, thls morning, None. 'd lke to take both ofthese 1'm raid you're too late. The fight Your ticket. for tis fight. You'l have to {90 to the airne ticket offce, 1'm afraid your tuggoge baggage counter ? ‘Could you go to the excess Look atthe completed sentences and answer the questions Who would say each one? Where would it occur the checiin conversation? How would the other person respond? What won't they be able to do? F What wil they have to do? G imagine the most frustrating check-in possible. Worl: with a partner, Make a new conversation, using some of the ideas from Conversation pieces. pune Travel 6 EE Pronunciation Diphthongs; questions with choices 1 Diphthongs Some English vowel sounds consist ‘of two sounds together called ‘diphthongs. The first sound moves smoothly into the second, so that it sounds like one sound. ‘@ Match the diphthongs to the words. fel | boy tot | there fl | day tot | go jv | how teat | here wat | ay > Check your answers in the IPA chart ‘on the inside back cover. b Try saying the individual sounds first and then put them together. EXAMPLE del + [al = foal © Choose the word with the diphthong. said done | down win car | care story bean | fear blue noise | knees 6.5 Listen, check, and repeat 2 Questions with choices 6.6 Listen to these questions ‘and mark the intonation. Do you want to go to Paris? ‘Do you want fo go o Paris or Rome? bb arc these questions with arising ot a falling intonation. 1 Would you like a window or an aisie sear? 2 Do you like fying? 3. Do you have one suitease or two? 4 Would you like to go by plane, ‘ain, or car? Have you been to Athens? Do you usually travel business or ‘economy class? 67 Listen, check, and repeat. 536 Travel Re ™ Ft Extension: Reading and listening A day out 1 What is your idea of a good day out? Discuss 4 Which of these features do the different places these questions. use as selling points? A Where would you go? ® technology 2 Who would you go with? © ceanliness 3 What would you do? variety ptenens uniqueness 2 Look at the leaflet and answer these questions. panier ee acme 1 What Is it for? peandt tt 2 What kind of people isit aimed at See sultable for all weathers 3. Which place is it about? : - 4 What are the names of the four attractions ee ere beautiful scenery safety ‘educational value described? 3 Write the names of the correct place(s). Peas antupriree Lat 5 Which things do these words deseribe? 3 Where ean you se how honey is ade? Why do you think they are used? 4 Where is there a Fun Cente? ea 3 Qataordinary 3 Where can you ave ade ons tobogsan? < es See * 6 Where are dogs not allowed? — ere ‘7 Where can you see a ghost? 6 The Wilson family are discussing which place 8 Where sre there sme animal? togoto, ‘9 Where are there guided tours? a 6.8 Listen. Where does each person want 10 ‘Where cen yo Ter to winsur nee ©) Mr Wilson © Sasha S MmsWikon 3 Rober Vocabulary file: Working out meanings b What do they Snell deste BBR 68 Listen agin. Wit egumens doe ac 2 You ay not ave undo le language in petson po ivan? treet De you tial the vores ae 7 Discuss these questions. esa or ress the os? Wh secesy ae 1 nae do you think are the most tractive ieatares ofeach place? 1b What do you think these things are? Try to guess Grima ya ma eo ie le a fom he covet mer oan ne 3 Which ofthe places would you choos to spend Shears Whi of {Since adnisen ‘© wheelchair access 8 Work in groups. Think of an attraction for a ales fond day out and write an advertisement fr i. ‘© playzones + Pande tehotagy © takeaway meals Find some unknown words that you think are Important for the meaning, Look them up in a ditionary. Do they help you to understand the leaflet batter? BaPLYMOUTH DOME ‘The Hes, Plymouth, PL1 2NZ “elepon: Pyneath (01752) 600608 Morwellham Quay [Nr Tavistock of die A380 Che rns ‘ou Plynuenth Hee — exploring Plymentb’s great ‘Maritinne Heritage This riverside village is the ONLY PLACE IN THE WORLD where your family can * Travel by train @ mile underground ina COPPER MINE. ‘| RIDE A WAGONETTE drawn by Shire Horses { Play Games of the Past and HANDS-ON 19th C. technology # Sec baby farm animals/shire horses at our FARM. ® Take GUIDED TOURS of the Port, Ships, Cottages, ‘Workshops, Schoo! and Ghosts! * Enjoy daily events, MAZEY DAY (ininer’s holiday fun) * Experience ‘LIFE ABOARD SHIP/AT THE MINE (or children, limited spoces, first come) ® MUSEUMS * VIDEO SHOWS, restaurants, shops and much more, All inclusive ‘admission, Family ticket Great value (2 adults, with up to 2 children 5-16 years Info tine: (01822) 833608, nen 1oam-5.30pm, Winter {Ist Nov-Easier) 10am-4.30pm copper mine grounds only (losed Chiismias weet). {as admission 2 hours Atte mower a aes ogee oe fey ehagh Sevoph debe alana Siete Pimaaren | the voyages of Drake, Cook and | Bs Pigcm Fate hengh eee by eos Byte “Hands-on” computers, TV, g Radars suliteecneagy | ie yous cg view ef | the bustling madem hacbous, ‘This suunning £35 million cence, overlooking Plymouth Sound, has already won ten awards includ the England for Excellence "Tourism for All" Award. ‘Open daily From Sue seven days a week throughout the yeas (Closed Christmas Day, Full Wheelchair acces, Facies fr hessing ‘and visually impsred people. Qualcy Gife Shop and Caffee Shop, Childven under 7 are feee. Discounts fr families, children and senior ciizens, Call Plymouth (01752) 603300 fr Scheel ane Group exes, Discouns fr groupe, schools, coches and “Alle a leas 2 hours for you visi. ne Visit 5-6 hours, ‘Dogs on leads. Wes 1) LEISURE PAR; ] DARTMOUTH A FULL DAY OF VARIETY SET IN 60 GLORIOUS ACRES. : 1995 ~ 500m TORNADO BLACKPOOL et in an unspoily, sheltered Soiree | each, turquoise blue sea and magnificent pines, TOBOGGAN RUN Blackpool Sands is the 12 Floctrilying Playzones ideal place to relax and ‘Mighty Commando Course enjoy the views ar to § * Slippy Dipper » Action Track swim and seil. But don’ * Amazin’ Matris # Astroglide NOW 34,000 sq.ft, Undercover Play * Biggor Circus Playdome ‘Triple Dropsiide * Smugglers Ballpool ® Now Fun Contre * Big Farm Complex ‘Fascinating Honey Farm Toddlers Paradise _ 14 Extonsiva Play Aroas plus Indoor Wonderlands E 2005 of Ania & Died * Wooly Lamas Sky Rabbis «= Bristly Pigs © Prelty Ponios Multitudes of Birds i * Café * Picnic Area * Great Git Shop Opon Daily 9.30 to Dusk, Five Miles West of Dartmouth on A312 nfo line (01803) 712598 ‘Woodlands Loisure Park, Blackawion, Totnes TQ9 7DQ just take our word for it, ‘ome and see for yourself! Relax or play, it’s South Devon’s most beautiful beach any day! EET ~Soe suiting and wonder watespors © Bacco i on wxa g) Delos taeavey mel (mid Mah to Crab) 1 Prcdingfoating pond and puting green 1 Beach goods shop, with deck chat hire Sailing windsueing tulion sn boat hire ‘TEL: INFOLINE 01803 770606 (APRIL - OCTOBER) | Sienpomed fom Darth on ve A379 | berveon See Fingal Sucre7 Entertainment Grammar The present perfect simple and continuous Grammar in use 1 Discuss these questions. 1. In the last seven days how much time have you spent watching TV? 2 What are your favourite programmes? 3. Would you miss the TV If you didn't have one? What would you do instead? 2. Read the text. What did the family do? What effects has it had? We aren’t! Fife vou ever spent a year mary tingstnetwohacn'idoefor cher book, to. This week Ive Lwithout a television? A such a long time. Last year, for been reading a book on UFOs. I's year ago the Benson family exemple, we didn’t go out to the very good and I've ral finished it” decided that they were cinema orthe theatre once, but this go, haven't they missed the box st spending too much time in yeer we've seen al least @ dozen 3 Emly says one hos had a few front of the box. So they got rid firmsand plays. And ve evenjoined — Srjarny: icone kwhent.go to of it. And they have been living the local drama society. School and all the Kids are talking without a television for almost payor Emily has been learning 19 about a programme that they've a year now. So how have they jay the riano, husband Rob has soon. Actually, I've just been been spending their free time? taken up tennis and son Mark has watching @ progremme round at my "We found it very hard forthe frst been going to judo clesses. And fiend’s house.” few weeks, says Mrs Louise they'veellread severalbooks. Merk: As Rob Benson put it, ‘We've all Benson, ‘We didn’t know what to ‘Before we got rid of the tely | only started doing so many interesting do with cur free time, But since read comics, but this year I've read things thet we wouldn't have time ‘then it's been fine, We've done so about ten novels and five or six towatch TV now.’ 56Rules 1 a xv What do you know about the past simple and the present perfect tenses? Look at the list of uses. Complete them with the correct names of the tenses. We use the tense 10 talk about 1 anevent ina time frame that comes up to the present, ¢g. this year, this month, today. 2. a past event with a present result. 3. experiences in your if We use the tense to talk about 4 events inva time frame that ended in the past, e.g. last year, last month, yesterday. 5 completed past events. ‘Match the example sentences to the uses tas year we dt’t go out the cine o the theame D1 This year we've seer ct feast a dozen films and plays DD So they got rid of it. OD Have you ever spent a year without a television? Cree joined the tcl dra soi, Every tense in English has a continuous form. You already know the two most common continuous tenses: ‘© the present continuous ‘© the past continuous Find an example of each tense in the text. When do we use them? ‘Now find examples of another common continuous tense ~ the present perfect continuous. How do we form the present perfect continuous? Compare the present perfect simple and continuous. : ‘Look at the examples and questions below and Identify the uses. I've read a book om UFOs this week, ve been reading a book on UFOs this week. 1 Which sentence shows © an activity that is sill happening? © am activity thet has finished? {ve just been watching a programme at my friend's house, Tv just watched a programme at my friend's house. 2. Which sentence emphasizes ‘© the actual process of the activity? the result of the activity? Check the rules for the present perfect continuous in Grammar Reference 7.1. Entertainment 7 Practice 1 a no Here are some of the Bensons’ activities. ‘What isthe difference between last year and this year? BRAMPLE Last year they didn't go out, but this year they've been out alot. Last year Mark only read coms and magazines, but this ‘year he's read lois of books goout © play tennis read © watch TV, see plays * start new hobbies learn to play a musical instrument 7.1 Listen-and compare your answers. ‘Compare last year and this year for yoursell In some of these sentences both forms are correct, in others only one form is correct. Delete the forms that are incorrect. 1 We've lived / ‘ve been living here for five years 2 Yve always liked ! ‘ve always been liking Mozart. 3. They have worked / have been working at the factory for a year. 4 ve forgotten | ‘ve been forgetting their names. 5 We'sa famous author. He's written | ‘s been writing two bestsellers 6 Ive played / ‘ve been playing tennis all day. 7 Yve written { "ve been writing a leer and ve almost finished now. 8 Have you ever won / been winning the lottery? 9 Good. They've finally arrived / been arriving. We've waited | ‘ve been waiting for an hour. 10 Have you seen / been seeing my glasses? I've Jooked | “ve been looking for them all morning, ‘Think about your life. Look at the times below. Which tense would you use for talking about each one? © this year ‘© on your birthday «recently © since your birthday © last month last summer © on Saturday © for the last five years * today yesterday ‘Think about something that you did/have done/have been doing at these times. ‘Tell your partner about your activities. Write a letter toa friend. You can write about your real life or imagine that you have had a big change in your life, ¢.g. you've gone to work or study abroad, you've got a job or changed your job, you've got married. Your letter should answer these questions. ‘* What have you done so far this year? ‘¢ How has this year been different from last year? ‘© What have you been doing recently? ‘© What have you been doing today? Give your letter to your partner to read. 377 Entertainment Se ely Vocabulary Entertainment 1 Complete the spidergram. \/ NS equipment instruments. ew ie tturins Pa 2 Where would these words go in your spidergram? aCD abifi analbum astereo rock (anid rol). play hoor jazz the top twenty bald a concert time heavy metal classical box office. a musical romance acamera abit fol athiller a programme county (and western) comedy stags. a tour 2 whodunnit a show : 3 Talk to other members of the class and find out about their tastes in entertainment. Here are some possible questions. Add some 1 What kind of music do you like bes? ‘Who are your favourite ertists? Have you got any of their albums? Have you ever seen them live? ‘What kind of films do you like best? Do you prefer to wateh films at the cinema or on video? 7 Do you ever go to concerts! the theatre? 8 Do you play a musical instrument yourself? What? 58 ie aaa eet Reading I'm so lucky! Look at the article and photographs. ‘Who is the text about? What do you know about her? What is each paragraph of the article about? ‘Look at these paragraph topics ‘a typical day in her life her early life ee ‘why she has been successful her feelings about life Emnilio's early life her family life the accident how she became a pop star her recovery from the accident b Look quickly at the text. Choose the six correct topics and match them to the paragraphs. Justify your choice. 3 Read the text in more detail. What part does each of these play in the story? PN TD © two metal rods © Nayib ‘© Miami Sound Machine = © Havana © Gus Both Ways the dinic © Emilio Castro © alony Miami University fans © Star Island Discuss these questions. 1 in what ways has Gloria struggled in her life? 2. In what ways has she been lucky? 3 What does Gloria mean when she says We live right on the edge? How does her life illustrate this? Can. you give examples from ‘your own life to support it? 4. Gloria is described as not ‘the typical rock star’. Why? What do you think of her imege? 5 Nayib's experience of life has been very different from his ‘parents, In what ways? What problems could this cause? A reporter interviewed Gloria to. write the article. @ Work with a partner. Look at the article and write down what ‘questions you think the reporter asked to get the information. 'b One person is the reporter, the other is Gloria. Roleplay the interview. Write an article about a superstar. ‘Choose or invent another intemational star. ‘Write a magazine article about his/her life. Your article should have {our or five paragraphs. Choose from the paragraph topics in 2. oe2 y t s a ° great success ang Gloria Estefan was the bus that was ta| was making calls o1 phone and her son, was talking to his p Suddenly the peace] shattered when a hj crashed head-on in bus. Gloria was thrq the floor, her back aakede ‘When she lft hospital several weeks [ater Gloria was in @ wheelchair. Her spine was held together: by two tong metal rods. She can stil feet ‘them wen she les devin. At the time, It was feared that the high-kicking Conga ‘Queen of Miami might never walle again, but for Gloria © ving up was never an option. She started a lang and tough texerise programme, and just cover a year later she had fecorded 2 new album and was back on stage in her biggest ever tour. "My only thought was that | owed I, not only tomy fem, but aso 40 my fans,’ she says. ve beeen doing’ It for them, to shaw that Its possiie t9 60 the imposible, in my own small ay eerie To those fans, Gloria's retun to health was cose to 2 mired, but Glos hes always been 3 fighter. She wes born in 1957 in Havana, Cube, where her father worked as a policeman atthe president's palace. After Casva's revolution two years later, the farnly had to lesve ‘Cuba cull and they stile in ‘Marit nthe Unites States ‘wes not easy for the yours Gloria, because her fether ‘became very il and she hed to Tok after him whie her mother ‘went out to work to suppor: the family. wreak Glorla wanted to be a psychologist, but while studying at Miam) Universi, she met Emilio Estefan and Jpined his band, the Miami ‘Sound Machine, as 2 singe. ‘hues years later when Gloia was sl oniy 21, they got ‘maried. Abilant businessman ‘who had aso emigrated from Cuba ater his famfy had lost eveything, Ello tured the shy, overweicht Gita into an international superstar. Her record, Cuts Both Ways, sd ‘an amazing 19 million copies weridwide, She has been ‘making successful. records fever since, both In Engish and Spanish. eRe Rae ‘Although she 1s now one of the chest and most successful arts in. America, Gloria Estefan Is. pot the ‘peal rock star. Sha's never had anything todo with drugs ‘of alcohol, and her marriage ‘tp Emile, who was her Fist and only love, Is. blsfully happy. Her biggest worry Is her son, Nayb, She doesn't ‘want him to become spot by having too much money. A few years ag0, when. Nayib ‘was behaving vary badly, she ‘oak away all his toys." left ‘ny his books. He Wed ike ‘that for a year, | told him he ‘was gong to have to realize What It was like to have nothing neni Gloria hes 2 lotto smi about =a $6 millon mension on Star ‘land, Mia, her own yacht, land enough ‘money to buy Entertainment 7 anything she wants, But she has abso had to sruggle hard in her Ife, Gloria herself, however, doesit see it that way. ‘Everybody fe Is tough somtimes, and other pecnle have had far worse probes then me, Ie always felt very lucky to ‘have what 1 have. certainly ft this when had to {go to the clinic after my accident and saw all the terible things that had happened to other people in the course of ther normal Tas, It showed me that Wwe lve right on the edge.’ The nln tous on Sra7 Entertainment SSNS eR Listening and speaking Stating your views 7.2 You are going to hear Part of a radio phone-in 73 Listen to the phone-in, ‘@ Number these opinions in the order that you hear them. the presenter’s introduction and ich two opinions are not expressed? answer these questions. C1 ies dittcult to control what children watch 1. What topic is the phone-in about? 1 only sick peopte watch violent films. at Wiatenseis epeeied aia Cy tetevsion should shove real ie the scale ofthe prblem? G1 People should be allowed to watch anything that they want Sika eaten jour fay i chitaren can tell the difference between fantasy and reality, 4 What do you think about the Ci children naturally act out scenes from films and TV problem? programmes, ‘There is too much unnecessary violence on TY. Children need to learn that life isn’t always pleasant. People blame TV for viotence so that they can censor it CO there's too much bad language on TV. 6A recent survey revealed that in one week on British TV 401 people were killed and 119 were wounded. There were also 29 cases of bad language. The survey indluded both terrestris! and satellite channels. Similar resestch in the United States showed that the average American child arches 8,000 murders and 100,000 other acts of violence while stil at junior school, What effect has chis been having on our children? American psychologists, Huesmana and Eron, maintain thar watching violence on TV “is one of the major causes of aggressive behaviour, crime and violence in society’. In several recent trials it has been shown that the defendants lad got their ideas from watching violent videos. So do you agree that what children see on TV affects their behaviour? Should we have stricter controls fon what can or can’t be shown? Orshould people be able to watch anything that they want? We'd like to hear your views, so please call us. 9 3 What examples or evidence does each speaker give to support his/her views? @ Note down your idees and compare them with a partner. 73 Listen again and check your ideas.r Le 4 —™ Conversation pieces: Expressing opinions Compete the expressions with these words: simply see believe wouldn't support have would cant in mind thine ' (at). ‘maintain say Tomy my opin, As) 1 ogre with 6 tke 1m somy, but |___ agree (with ..) 1m afraid |_ 10 sage (wth ..) 1 dont agree (oth .0) 1 gree (with) Note: You can agree/dsagree with a person or an Kea. Beavers 1 don't agree with you) the lst calle fon that). 1 don't ogre with censorship) that views what you said. > Look at tapescript 7.3 and check your answers somali Discuss these questions. 1 Which of the views do you agree/disagree with? Why? 2. Should the content of TV be controlled? 3. What sorts of things would you not want 10 see on TV? 4 What sorts of things would you not want children to see? 5 How can prograrimes, especially satellite programmes and videos, be controlled? Make a radio phone-in programme. Work in a group. You can continue with the topic above, or choose another one. Here are some ideas. 1 The number of foreign programmes on TV should be limited. 2 Young people watch too much television. 3 The standards of TV have deteriorated. Prepare your opinions individually. Decide the order that people will speak in. One student is the presenter who asks each caller to speak in turn. Each caller must first agree or disagree with the last caller, before stating their views. Roleplay the phone-in programme. If possible, use a cassette player to reccrd your programme, and play it to the lass. Entertainment 7 I Pronunciation Syllables; word linking (2) 1 Syllables @ Often, not every part of a word is pronounced. How many syllables are there in these words? wanted — woatdl seemed (sid secretary /'sekratrt! Interesting Pimtroun/ b Normally two vowels together form one syllable, but sometimes they are pronounced as separate syllables. How many syllables are there in these words? Geum tain) create Aare! How many sylbles do these words have? omen Create artes pon rithm] recon business Cent, Check the rules for indirect questions in Grammar Reference 82. Practice 1 Look at your corrected questions for Practice 1 above, Say whether you know the answers. Examrues kaow who built the Eifel Tower. I've no idea how Mertin Luther King died. 2 Look at the people's questions. Make indirect questions, using these expressions. doesn't know wants to know can’t remember EXAMPLE Simon wants to know what day its, Simon What day is it? Claire Is itraining? Jobn Can Sally play tennis? Mrs Pines Where does Mr Jackson work? Ann, ‘What's the time? Peter How long have the Clarks lived here? ‘Mr Walters What time will we arrive? Betty Has the hotel got a gym? 3. How well do you know your partner? @ Write down whether you know or don’t know these things about himvher. Add some more. Exar 1 oxo how od bets [ve no idea whether heshe likes lassie musi. How old i he!she? Does he/she like classical music? ‘When is hiss birtiday? ‘What job does he/she do (or want to do)? Has he/she ever been abroad? ‘What s his/her favourite food? Does heshe play any sports? Has he/she got any brothers or sisters? Does helshe believe in ghosts? 10 Has he/she got a pet? b_ Work with your partner and check your ideas eavounune8 Time out eae Vocabulary Compound nouns; sport 11 Compound nouns are very common in English. @ Look at these examples. football boots a.car seat a sports shop b Choose the correct compound noun, 1a shelfbook/ a bookshelf 2. acricket bat/ a bat cricket 3. an oven microwave/ a microwave oven © What are these called? Write the compound nouns. a shop that sells souvenirs ‘a shop that sells software for computers someone who owns a restaurant a machine that sends and receives faxes fan animal that you find on farms someone who teaches science Answer the questions. 1 Would you eat a packer of erisps or a crisp packet? 2 What's the difference between a bottle of milk and a male botte? 3. Would you drink a teacup or a cup of tea? > Check the rules for forming compound nouns in Grammar Reference 8.3. N Look at these nouns to do with sports. @ Make as many compound nouns as possible. ‘The nouns can be used more than once. tennis golf football race racing ski boots ball club circuit racquet poles kit horse slope car course court track pitch b Complete the table. place ‘equipment 66 EE Reading Fit for life or fit to drop? 1 Look at the title of the article and the pictures. What is this section about? 1b What are the people doing in the pictures? 2 Each paragraph is about a different place. @ Match these places to the correct paragraph. Russia Australla Hong Kong Spain the United States b What clues are there in the texts that indicate the places? © Which one seems closest to attitudes to fitness in your country? 3 Read the article again. ‘@ What reasons are given for taking exercise? What other reasons can you think of? b Which place do you think has the healthiest attitude to exercise and which has the least healthy attitude? rr ~~] focabulary file: Fitness What do you think these expressions mean? Most of them are llustrated In the pictures to pump leon 2 couch potato a beer belly an exercise bike ‘an aerobles video the Iyer and leotard brigade 28 gym(pasium) to work out a jogger + to get off your backside Find other terms in the text associated with fitness. Can you think of any more? Lu. 4 What part does exercise play in your life? Discuss these questions. 1 Do you take repular exercise? 2. Ikyou exercise, what do you do and how often? 3 Do you think exercise is important oF ‘unimportanc? 4. Do you think you are typical of people in your country? bb Write a shore text summarizing your attitude to exercise and the part it plays in your life. JTime out 8 we slim, blond TV res V eset ‘ergy Her new estle progerme tout excese ard Gees Popular allover the county ed her Glesses ata gym in the pia aways ful, But H you'e™ Wonder whether this ls art of @ new althude,to heath, it fa ete here eat execs to improve thet heal? oy | du blonde TV" presenter tsa lena good "So wile the. ween Sean the acrobics cst keep a “fours tm, the men pump font bl Up ther uses and ook more machos Notes Mee a raton ot couch st mound and’ vache Ich Ard et whee pee iter, ey rsa ege the pret body. Tha at ane and as avket inet boo, atte Vises aod al kinds of exerze aches Ae buying the execse Ble dear kerk, you ft You esualy hae ose ke Sire fats at and es Avoage eee 10 eat less ane get of ee Bsdlades me ofey is now any epee i The trdlional fatly let Sil ie and membership ata gym af £2 Up te $2,000 a year oe siaed super oie seaiay the counigy fas Isola adhd acct Uk the th Is rather differen, 'Y come here in. huge numbers Every weekend they put on thet ‘racksulls leave the stese ofthe capil ‘ly behind and chive out into the fils Hate they can find fresh ai, beautiut scenery, forests, rivers, and, most Important ofa, thousands of restaurants Dont be fooled by the tracksuits __ frequenlly wvom with high-heeled shoes _ and Jewelery." can tel you what the favourte sport of cur people i says a local restaurant owner. ‘t's sting at a ‘able to ent’ This docshot mean that ‘they take no exercise. This country has reduced some faridus’Interaticnal athletes and you ean regulary see Jogges in the streets of the ctles, But People have a vary relaxed atitude to ‘exercise. Even the really ME don't take It ‘50 seriously. i's just part af enjoying Iie proud of, ices when people meet they a8; Here they aak whether fe busy of I you are traveling fe here is fst, People, work _ hard end they have the same atttude towards exertise. And with modem = technology you dont have to choose Detween keeping ft and siting at your desk You can Keep In touch with your = hents by ible phone white youre "Jogging in the park or working out ne of the many gyins 7STime out DAO Listening and speaking Making polite requests 1 Look at these responses. @ Where do you think they také place? C1 Atseven in the dining room, but you can get it catlier in your room, if you wish. Certainly, which room i it, please? I you give me the keys, I'l get one of the porters to see to it for you. You need to dial 9 for an outside Tne, then 00 and the code forthe country you want. Ci terme see. Ah yes, there's a fax and a phone message. Yes, i's on the second floor. Turn left when your come out ofthe lit Certainly. What would you tke? Ci ob, rm very sorry about that. I'l get some sent up straight avay. O No, they've provided at the poolside. Look atthe photographs. What do you think the requests could be? 2 8.3 Listen to the requests and choose the appropriate response for each one. Put the numbers of the requests in the boxes, 84 Now listen to the complete dialogues. Check your answers Match the dialogues to the correct photographs. a b 63r. ~ | Conversation pieces: Polite requests for information Look at tapescript 84 1b Wich expressions are used to Inirocuce the requests? © There are two types of request. a request for information ‘© asking someone to do something Which type of request do we use incirect questions for? Change these questions into polite requests for information What time is Where do you ive? When does the train rive? ‘Am I on the right road for Longton? How do we get tothe park from here? Wil the fight from Paris be on time’? Do you have a gymnasium here? ‘© How would you make these requests in your own language? Would you use an indirect form? Why Wy not? Work with a partner. Practise the daiogues, using tapescript 8.4. > See Pronunciation for polite intonation practice. 4 [BM 45 Listen to the conversations, What do the people want to know? Naaawns 5 Work with a partner. Make conversations for these situations. Use expressions from Conversation pieces. 1. You're in the street. Where can you buy a newspaper? 2. You're in a hotel. You want to book a wake-up call for 6.15. 3. You phone the station, When is the first train to London? 4. You're in a hotel, Has the hotel got a ssuna? 5 You're in the street, How do you get to the station? 6 You're in a hotel room. The TV isn’t working. 7 You're in a restaurant. Where are the toilets? 8 You're reading a menu, What is the soup of the day? Time out 8 Pronunciation /S/, /t{/, /&3/; polite intonation 4 The sounds /f/, /f, /d5/ Write the words in the correct column. no ‘if ‘i cushion cheaper Journey package passenger insurance admission ‘efficient attraction. Japan coach feature condition jewellery ‘much lecture station culture check-in stranger national luggage hijack section special beach speech 86 Listen, check, and repeat. © Look at your completed table. Can you identify any spelling patterns for each sound? 2 Polite intonation Requests can sound polite or impolite depending on how you sey them, a BBL 87 tisen 0 this request sid in tw different ways and answer the questions. out you tell me where the estan 8? 1 Which one sounds more polite? 2 Which one haste ring intonation? bb EBY a. Listen and sic (7) the requests that soured polite 1 C1 could you tell me how much these sacks are, please? 2 © coud you te me whether they're ready yer? 3 C1 Do you think you could tum the light off plese? 4. Would you mind closing the door, please? 5 Cl could you tell me where the newspaper is? 6 C2 Do you think 1 could havea drink, please? 7G cout t have the bt, please? # Cl Would you mind walting a minute, please? Practise saying the requests politely.