JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in Educational Leadership and M.Ed. in Curriculum and Instruction
EDUC 5324
Name: KAMER KILIC

Date: 04/07/2015

Cite the reviewed article in APA format:

Waxman,H.,Bariack,A.,Yuan-Hsuan,L.,&MacNeil(2013) Principals perceptions of the
Importance of Technology in Schools Contemporary Educational Technology 4(3),187196

INTRODUCTION
Research Questions (if research questions are not specifically mentioned, what is
the theoretical background or overarching theme?
What are principals perceptions of the importance of technology? Do principals perceptions of
technology differ by years of experience and gender?

Purpose of the research:

The purpose of this study was to determine how principals gender and years of experience impact
of technology perceptions and what major functions of technology in principals perspective are .

METHODOLOGY
What is the methodology for the research or approach used to understand the
issue? Provide information regarding the following:

Participants:

310 principals from a large metropolitan area in the southwest region of the United States
responded to a cognitive interview questionnaire that asked principals about their
perceptions regarding the importance of technology for their schools.

The sample consisted of 126 males and 184 females.

A range of years of experience was present with 104 participants having 0-3 years of
experience, 82 participants having 4-7 years, 55 participants having 8-11 years, 32
participants having 12-15 years, and 31 participants having greater than 15 years of
experience.

Procedures: The questionnaire was administered by graduate students in the Educational

Leadership program at a major, urban doctoral-granting university located in the south central
region of the U.S. As part of the principals certification course requirements, students were trained
on how to administer the instrument and required to interview a specific number of current public
school principals. The survey instrument was designed specifically for this purpose and included
both qualitative and quantitative questions.

Data Collection Methods/Data Source:

For this study only the data was used from the
interviews which include quantitative and qualitative questions.

Data Analysis:

When examining the major functions of technology by gender, the highest percentage of
males and females discussed using technology for communication (33% and 36%,
respectively). The next highest percentage of males and females felt that technology was
used for instruction (33% and 25%, respectively).
The highest percentage for principals with 0-3, 4-7, and 8-11 years of experience was in
communication (39%, 33%, and 31%, respectively) followed by instruction (24%, 30%, and
24%, respectively). Principals with 12-15 and more than 15 years of experience had the
highest percentage in instruction (31% and 39%, respectively) followed by communication
(28% and 36%, respectively

RESULTS
Findings or Results (or main points of the article):

In responding to the research questions, What are principals perceptions of the

importance of technology and do principals perceptions of technology differ by
years of experience and gender? the data revealed from students by categorizing
them in six main title and demonstrating how they were interpreted by principals
regarding of their gender and years of experience.

Communication
Instruction,
Data sharing &Management,
Resource,
Administrative Tasks
Student learning.

DISCUSSIONS
Conclusions/Implications (for your profession):
The result of recent study shows that technology use was affected by gender of principals and years
of experiences of principals, and principals view technology as communicating and instructing. Also
they see technology using is important for data sharing and management, student learning, and
administrative tasks. If a principal implement latest technology in his school, teachers have positive
attitude to use it in the classroom. Eventually, principals realize it or not, they become technology
leader. Principal preparation programs might take into account addressing technology leadership so
principals could implement latest technology better in their school. (Hines, Edmonson, & Moore
2008)

REFLECTIONS
Students Reflections (changes to your understanding; implications for your
school/work):
I realized that as a leader in school, principal might consider to carry out latest technology in his
school in order to achieve better student learning, to have better communication, and to allow staff
and students to access variety sources. Therefore, if a principal himself use technology, the
teachers feel courage to carry it to the classrooms. That impacts principals standing as a
technology leader. Therefore principals should have idea to bring latest technology in schools, and
might arrange training sessions teachers and staff for how to manage it.
References;Hines, C., Edmonson, S., & Moore, G. W. (2008). The impact of technology on high school

principals. NASSP Bulletin, 92, 276-291.