PENGENALAN SIMULASI RESERVOIR CBM

KULIAH MINGGU XIII

PEMODELAN & SIMULASI RESERVOIR

Joko Pamungkas
Reservoir Simulation Specialist

PENGENALAN SIMULASI RESERVOIR CBM

Pertemuan
ke13

Pokok bahasan atau

subpokok bahasan
V. PENGENALAN SIMULASI RESERVOIR CBM
1. Latar Belakang
2. Metodologi
3. Pemodelan Reservoir
4. Hasil
5. Kesimpulan

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1. LATAR BELAKANG

Reservoir gas konvensianal cadangannya

semakin menipis dan kebutuhan semakin
meningkat
CBM merupakan alternatif cadangan gas yang
perlu dikembangkan saat ini
Perlunya diketahui kinerja masing-masing
reservoir yaitu : gas konvensional dan CBM

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2. Metodologi
Perbandingan kinerja, meliputi :
Perhitungan cadangan
Laju produksi gas
Penurunan tekanan reservoir
Metode perhitungan dengan simulasi reservoir
Nama simulator : CMG (computer Modelling
Group)

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Classification of Unconventional gas

Natural gas from Coal

NGC : Natural Gas from Coal
CBM: Coal Bed Methane
CSG: Coal Seam Gas

Shale Gas

Tight Gas

Gas hydrates or Methane hydrates.

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Structure of Coal & Gas Flow

Physics

Primary Porosity: Coal

Matrix
Secondary Porosity:
Cleats (Fractures)

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Flow Regimes in Coal

CH4

CO2
N2

Bab V Pengenalan Siimulasi Reservoir CBM

Primary CBM
recovery
CO2 enhanced
recovery (CO2ECBM)
N2 enhanced
recovery (N2ECBM)
Flue gas enhanced
recovery
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Primary CBM Recovery Mechanisms

Reduce cleat pressure by producing water

Methane desorbs from matrix, diffuses to cleats/fractures
Methane and water flow to wellbore
Darcy Flow through fractures
Face and Butt Cleats
Vertical connection of Face & Butt cleats
Darcy or Pipe Flow in large fractures
Large Cleats
Induced Fracture(s)

Pipe Flow in production tubing/wellbore

Cleat permeability affected by matrix responses

CH4

Coal Matrix

CH4
CH4

Coal Cleats/fractures
CH4

Bab V Pengenalan Siimulasi Reservoir CBM

CH4

H2 O
CH4

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ECBM Mechanisms

Flue Gas

CO2

N2
N2

Separation

CH4 to
Sales

Injection

Coal

Green Power
Plant
Deep Coalbed

CO2

CH4

CH4

CH4

Enhanced Coalbed Methane (ECBM) Recovery

Green House Gas (GHG) Sequestration
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Properties of Coal: Multiple porosity

system

Primary porosity system (coal matrix)

Microporosity (< 2 nm)

Mesoporosity (2 50 nm)+
Very low flow capacity: perms in microDarcy range
Only Diffusive flow

Secondary porosity system (coal cleats)

Macroporosity (> 50 nm)

Natural fractures
Much greater flow capacity: perms in milliDarcy range
Darcy Flow

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Bab V Pengenalan Siimulasi Reservoir CBM

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Volume Gas Storage (CBM)

G = 1359.7 .A .h .B. Gc
A = Drainage Area, Acre
h = Ketebalan, ft
B = average Coal Bulk Density, g/cc
Gc = Average Gas Constant, scf/ton

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Calculating Gas In Place (gas convensional)

G = (43560 .Vb.

. (1-Sw))/Bg

G = Gas in Place, SCF

Vb = Bulk Volum, Acre-ft
= Porosity
Sw = Water saturation
Bg = Gas volume factor, cu ft/scf
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3. Pemodelan reservoir gas konvensional

dan CBM
Uraian

Reservoir CBM

Reservoir gas konvensional

Jenis Grid

Orthogonal

Orthogonal

Jumlah Grid

36x32 x 4 = 4608 buah

36x32 x 4 = 4608 buah

Grid Aktif

4608 buah

4608 buah

Ukuran 1 grid

50x 50 x 10 ft

50x 50 x 10 ft

Sistim Porositas

Dual porositas

Dual porositas

Jumlah Sektor

1 buah

1 buah

Batas Gas Minyak (GOC)

1640 ft

Tekanan Awal

600 Psi

600 Psi

Sumur Produksi

5 Sumur

5 Sumur

Porositas fracture

0.10 (fraksi)

0.10 (fraksi)

Permeabilitas fracture

10 mD

10 mD

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Uraian

Reservoir gas konvensional Reservoir CBM

Porositas matriks

0.02

0.02

Permeabilitas matriks

2 mD

2 mD

Fracture Spacing

0.2

0.2

Coal desorbtion time (Ch4) day

50

Coal desorbtion time (CO2) day

50

Global Composition (CH4)

0.8

Global Composition (CO2)

0.2

Langmuir Adsorbtion Constant (CH4)

3E-4 1/psi

Maximum Adsorbed Mass (CH4) gmol/lb

0.357

Maximum Adsorbed Mass (CO2) gmol/lb

Water Saturation

Bab V Pengenalan Siimulasi Reservoir CBM

0.538
0.3

0.9

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Parameter

Satuan

CBM

Gas Konvensional

Original Gas in Place, OGIP

Original Water in Place, OWIP

STD FT3
STD BBL

1.14E+09
6.00E+06

1.32E+09
3.34E+05

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Skenario
Model
Base Case (1)
2
3
4
5

Gas Konvensional
K = 10 mD
K = 15 mD
K = 5 mD
1 Sumur Produksi, q = 0.3 MMCF/day
1 Sumur Produksi, q = 1.5 MMCF/day

CBM
K = 10 mD
K = 15 mD
K = 5 mD
1 Sumur produksi, q max
-

Catatan : Semua skenario menggunakan Tekanan alir

dasar sumur (Pwf) = 50 psi

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4. Hasil

CBM
Default-Field-PRO
0.50

Gas Rate SC (MMSCF/day)

Perbandingan Laju Produksi

gas Skenario Base case, 2 ,3
dan 4

Base Case
K = 15 mD
K = 5 mD
single well qmax

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

Conventional Gas Reservoir performance

0.00
2011-1

2.00

2011-7

2012-1

2012-7
2013-1
Time (Date)

2013-7

2014-1

2014-7

2015-1

Gas Rate SC (MMSCF/day)

1.50
Base Case
K = 5 mD
K = 15 mD
Single Well, Q = 0.3 MMSCF/D
Single Well, Q = 1.5 MMSCF/D

1.00

0.50

0.00
2011

2012

2013

2014
2015
Time (Date)

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2016

2017

2018

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Default-Field-PRO CBM_2b.irf
800

Cumulative Gas SC (MMSCF)

Perbandingan Produksi
Kumulatif Gas Skenario Base
case, 2 ,3 dan 4

600
CBM_2b.irf
CBM_2b1.irf
CBM_2b2.irf
CBM_2b3b.irf

400

200

Conventional Gas Reservoir performance

0
2011-1

1,400

2011-7

2012-1

2012-7
2013-1
Time (Date)

2013-7

2014-1

2014-7

2015-1

Cumulative Gas SC (MMSCF)

1,200

1,000

800

600

400
Base Case
K = 5 mD
K = 15 mD
Single Well, Q = 0.3 MMSCF/D
Single Well, Q =1.5 MMSCF/D

200

0
2011

2012

2013

2014
Time (Date)

2015

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2017

2018

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CBM

FIELD
600

500

Everage Pressure (psi)

Perbandingan Tekanan
rata-rata
Lapangan
Skenario Base case, 2 ,3
dan 4

400

300
Base Case
K = 15 mD
K = 5 mD
Single Well qmax

200

100
2011-1

2011-7

2012-1

2012-7
2013-1
Time (Date)

2013-7

2014-1

2014-7

2015-1

Conventional Gas Reservoir performance

600

Base Case
K = 5 mD
K = 15 mD
Single Well and Q = 0.3 MMSCF/D
Single Well and Q = 1.5 MMSCF/D

Reservoir pressure (psi)

500

400

300

200

100

0
2011
2012 Siimulasi
2013 Reservoir
2014
2015
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CBM
Time (Date)

2016

2017

2018

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Recovery Factor Diawal Tahun 2015

Skenario Model
Base Case (1)
2
3
4
5

Kumulatif Produksi gas

Gas Konvensional (MMSCF)
1188.95
1209.23
1128.24
493.50
959.73

Bab V Pengenalan Siimulasi Reservoir CBM

Kumulatif Porduksi gas

CBM (MMSCF)
405.35
525.36
195.97
72.23
-

Recovery Factor
Gas Konvensional (%)
89.74
91.27
85.16
37.25
72.44

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Recovery Factor
CBM (%)
35.48
45.99
17.16
6.32
-

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5. Kesimpulan
1.

2.

3.
4.

Dengan nilai permeabilitas yang sama, ternyata laju

produksi Gas reservoir CBM lebih rendah dari reservoir gas
konvensional.
Tingkat pengurasan reservoir lebih jauh reservoir gas
konvensional bila dibandingkan dengan reservoir CBM,
sehingga reservoir CBM perlu sumur yang lebih banyak.
Pengaturan laju produksi di reservoir gas konvensional lebih
mudah bila dibandingkan dengan reservoir CBM.
Recovery factor yang didapat dalam kurun waktu yang sama,
reservoir CBM lebih rendah bila dibandingkan dengan
reservoir gas konvensional.

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