FIGURES

:; . . .l1li.

(J)3
Z

a:

f-2

THICKNESS OF LEAD (INCHES)

.\MERSHAM - RADIATION SAFETY HANDBOOK

57

FIGURES

58

6
8
THICKNESS OF IRON (INCHES)

10

12

14

AMERSHAM - RADIATION SAFETY HANDBOOK

FIGURES

10

15
20
THICKNESS OF CONCRETE (INCHES)

AMERSHAM - RADIATION SAFETY HANDBOOK

25

30

35

59

FIGURES

1.0

3.0

2.0
THICKNESS OF TUNGSTEN (INCHES)

60

AMERSHAM - RADIATION SAFETY HANDBOOK

FIGURES

2.0

1.0

3.0

THICKNESS OF URANIUM (INCHES)

AMERSHAM - RADIATION SAFETY HANDBOOK

61

Exposure parameters:
STRUCTURIX 02,03 s.c.,
03,04, OS, 07, 08
200 kV - Pb-screens
STRUCTURIX o6R, F08p
200 kV - RCF-screens (5s exposure)
Processing parameters:
8utOm. proc.: 8 min cycfe,
devef. G 135
82.4 of (28C)

COMMON LOGARITHMS
Log number
Log number
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
0,35
0,40
0,45
0,50

1,00
1,12
1,26
1,41
1,59
1,78
2,00
2,24
2,51
2,82
3,16

0,55
0,60
0,65
0,70
0,75
0,80
0,85
0,90
0,95
1,00

3,55
3,98
4,47
5,01
5,62
6,31
7,08
7,94
8,91
10,00

Log number
1,05
1,10
1,15
1,20
1,25
1,30
1,35
1,40
1,45
1,50
1,55

11,2
12,6
14,1
15,9
17,8
20,0
22,4
25,1
28,2
31,6
35,5

Log number
1,60
1,65
1,70
1,75
1,80
1,85
1,90
1,95
2,00

39,8
44,7
50,1
56,2
63,1
70,8
79,4
89,1
100,0

Log number
2,05
2,10
2,15
2,20
2,25
2,30
2,35
2,40
2,45
2,50
2,55

112
126
141
159
178
200
224
251
282
316
355

Log number
2,60
2,65
2,70
2,75
2,80
2,85
2,90
2,95
3,00

398
447
501
562
631
708
794
891
1000

Exposure charts can be very useful for setting the

correct exposure. The charts shown here are meant
only as a guide, as the correct exposure will depend
on the equipment used and on the development
conditions.

~j
'Ii
Ii

~FJJdhIilUMiD.AIASH.EET . FUJI !NDUSTR!"'IAiiADI0Gf.IAAldJGtfilLlM

~CTERISTIC

CURVE
Manual Processing
4.5.---~~-r--~---.--~~--~--~---.--~----r---;----r--~---.

EXPOSURE:
SCREEN:

4.0

200KV Xrays
.
Lead screens O.03mm (",",0.001 inch)
thick front & back
FILTER:
Steel9mm (~O.35 inch)
PROCESSOR: Manual Tank
DEVELOPING TIME AND DEVELOPER TEMPERATURE:
5min./20C (68F)
.. DEVELOPER: FUJI HIRENDOLI

........i................. -.i ................ _... ;..........

:;:1
1.

:.:

1.

-#,-.-1--+/--7:---1

3.5 1-----7:--+--:;:---1---:;--+,--:-;-.-Hr--~;r--+-:r--:-:

-L___ -__J_ -----+---j---)--. --3.0'

."

, .

L--i-r

. ,

.?;'(;5

Q)

...........;........... i

1.0~--~--4---~--~--~--~--~~--++~++--+r--~---+---+-.......... -:-- ............... _-_.-:._-_ .. .

..

0.5~--~---+--~~-A~--~/L-~--~~~~~~--~--~~--~---7--~

O.OL-__~__L __ _~_ _L_~_ _~~~~_ _L_~_ _~_ _~_ _~~~--~

1.0

2_0
Log Relative Exposure

3.0

Automated Processing
5 Minute Development 68F.

1.0

2.0

3.0

LOG RELATIVE EXPOSURE

Characteristic curves of KODAK INDUSTREX Films. Processing-KoDAK Industrial X-OMAT
Proces'sor, Model B, with KODAK INDUSTREX Developer Replenisher at 81 0 F, and KODAK
INDUSTREXFixer and Replenisher. Exposure-200 kilovolt x-rays with lead screens(as
specified in ANSI PH2.8). Curves for other x-ray and gamma-ray qualities will be
approximately the same shape but spaced differently along the log relative exposure axis.

Manual Processing

)0-

r-

Z 2.0
LJ.J

R-(Sing Ie .

Cl

..<=:. pa~ ~d )

LU-LUll"

.uJ.U.U.LU.LLLU.

1.0

LOG RELATIVE EXPOSURE

Characteristic curves of Kodak films used in industrial radiography. Development-5 minutes
in seasoned KODAK Liquid Xray Developer and Replenisher at 68 a F. Exposure- 200 kilovolt
x-rays with lead screens (as specified in ANSI PH2.8). Curves for other x-ray and gamma-ray
qualities will be approximately the same shape but spaced differently along the log relative
exposure axis.

Exposure Charts
KODAK
Industrex R
Film
(Single Coated)
.

'

0:::

:::>

,.,

VI

oa.

><
W

1 .

"

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

1.50

1.75

Inches of Steel (Thickness)

KODAK
Industrex R
Film
(Double Coated)

0.25

050

0.75

1.00

1.25

Inches of Steel (Thickness)

KODAK
Industrex M

Film
,,

100

UJ

0::
::.)
Vl

Cl...

UJ
UJ

~
-1

UJ

0::

10

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

1.50

1.75

Inches of Steel (Thickness)

KODAK
Industrex TMX

Film
,,

100

UJ

0::
::.)
Vl

Cl...

UJ
I.U

>

-1

UJ

0::

10
9

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

Inches of Steel (Thickness)

Exposure Charts
KODAK
Industrex T
Film
,

100

w
0:::

'

:J

oa..
X
W

VI

3 ...

L.i. ililll~~
,

..,

J.

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.7 5

Inches of Steel (Thickness)

KODAK
Industrex AA
Film
KODAK
Industrex AX
Film

0:::

:J

o
a..

X
W

3..

VI

!'111111111111111111
I..

0.25

0.50

""

0.75

1.00

1.25

Inches of Steel (Thickness)

1.50

1.75

Iridium 192

100

0:::

:J
Vl

o
0...

X
W

~w
0:::

.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Inches of Steel (Thickness)

Cobalt 60

0:::

:J
Vl

o
0...
X

>

~...J
W

0:::

Inches of Steel (Thickness)

3.0

3.5