Correlation Coefficient

ELESTA1

Correlation
Measure

of relationship between two

variables
Ex. Grades in English tends to be
related with Foreign Language
Height and weight

Nature of Correlation
Magnitude/direction

of the

relationship
Strength of the relationship
Variance explained
Significance of the relationship

Magnitude of the Relationship

Positive

relationship as one
variable increases the other variable
also increases
Ex. academic grades and intelligence
Negative relationship as one
variable increases, the other
decreases or vice versa
Ex. procrastination and motivation
Absence of relationship between
variables denoted by .00

Strength of Relationship
A

correlation coefficient is computed

for a bivariate distribution using a
statistical formula
Correlation Coefficient Value Interpretation
0.80 1.00

Very strong relationship

0.6 0.79

Strong relationship

0.40 0.59

Substantial/marked relationship

0.2 0.39

Low relationship

0.00 0.19

Negligible relationship

Variance
How

much of Ys is
explained/accounted for by X
Proportion explained
Square of the correlation coefficient
value

Conditions in interpreting r
Linear

regression the points in a

scatterplot should tend to fall along a
straight line
The size of the r reflects the amount of
variance that can be accounted for by a
straight line
Homosedasticity tendency of the
standard deviation (or variances) of the
arrays to be equal.

Correlational Techniques
Pearson

Product-Moment correlation
(r) used for interval/ratio sets of
variables
Spearman Rank-order correlation
two sets of data are ordinal
Phi coefficient each of the
variables is a dichotomy