Zg H" ~K# 10

H =` i
"^\ OK ^HO H Q ~ QOz# =`
i P<_ HeyOz# <+< JO` ~O` H^. i
H|~ _# K< 40 U =u [~< Q_Ki}Q x
K a\+ H \ s "iH zHOk. 50 " =Ok q`~ *
x K=H H~}"O ^# Ja QO` P"# HeKO~.
`# JO^KO^` JO`\ J^"# H~x kOzO^#
JOO J<H= Ok H^ # L`[ izOk. W\H _ P"
x= ` ~=`<~. J~` "\ "= "O`? H#
ZO`? J< q+O ~\= K~ [~Q`<~.
=` i P" @_ ~. J ~ =~~\ *.
_K *f~. <^~ O _ 1876 \O k. =Q~ `=.
`O_ P~ "~O @|_ \ Q PiOK_. =~~ \
O "=OQ Q_zOk Hh P" 13 = @ `O_ k"
f_. `e^O_ q_ f<~. WOH ~O_ `e
Kx~Ok. `O_ ~OH P"# __. D"# XH`#
^`` fx \K~ >~xOQ H~ KiOK_. Hh P"
JH_ _=~` ~b yOK_O` P Oz f
~O\ ~=<_. Hx < ~O\ ~x P" F
~A Q @}Ox `# == ~O\H i~Ok.
`# 18 = @ `# HO> 20 U ^"_# F b#} _Ok. J`# H< ~_ "H~_ J<
@O_ KOk# ~[=Oj_. _K Ps xK<_. P q"O =# P" _<Q L#`~H "o~Ok.
" F H_ \_. P ~_ ~ ^x_ Hh E^i, `Q`. E^O _| Q@x P
H=O` ~ f~<"_. _|O` `iy, J iQ~. ^~ "<>< KO> _| H"e. ^xHO
=~~\ F ^x_# [gO^~H LO_Q`Q =iOk. `~` =~~\ F `~ \Ok.
WO` ~_ *" nxH |kb J~Ok. WO_ WOQO_ "iH =~["#> *" _K "i
=^OQ =O_k. JH_H "H _ ~_ J^$+O =~^.
Q "+< _ ~^. ~g^ JH` F *" J=~x
o Kx, ~OH J=~x LO_H`Q @<_. =~~\
`= u#^. J`x =k ~OH _K P~` =O_yOk.
H<H ~_ |u=e ~# "#H `K<_. WO`
JO@~QO `ye " H_ Kz_. `~ Kz |uHOk.
WO` ~_H <^~O_ |kb J~Ok. 1902#O_ ~~
q_Q =O_Q~. S^ `~` JkHiHOQ q_ f<~.
=~~\ `i `# =^ =OKOk Hh ~ ~}O iQ
~=H=_O` +} KH J`xH JyOKOk. P `~
21 = @ Kx~Ok.
1903 =~~\ iH "o `# 27 = @ HHi}Q rq`O
~OaOzOk. *" =O_ ~A `# =HQ` =
=i=_xH P" *" n #$`s` JOzOk. JH_
WO_<+< O $u K =K@_ `# ~# ''=` iQ
KHyOk. (P =@ WO_<+< + J~O k"<`O
J#Q ~_). iH =KH _ "H~_ J< ~` ~
Q] s K J=~Q xKOk. "H~_ ~O\~ =#

[gO^~ zH _~. ~ =K _|
KH Pi "_Q xKk. 1905 =i
#O_ _# KyOk.
J\ i _# K" H^=
^ . `#HO@ XH ` H` =O_x XH ZH\H
_#~Q `## `# KOk. `# ~ '=`
iQ KOk. *" H#H< =O__O` `#
=~H KOk# XH O^ *iH, *"
=~}H \#x K<k. z#\#O_
~f#$`x JOK#x K<k. `#
s~O ^ i OK_xH U =`O OHzOKk H^.
~KQ> ^u \* <@O Kk. z=~
=*k# =`O =OK<k. <^ O >
H@_ H P< @K ~=_O` ~^
qO`Q `z [< P"# K__xH =K"~. J\ " P O $u QiOz ^Q `e^. q=~
P"x Q Jx H\ ~< P"# [ Q P^iOK~.
P" Q ~ H=_O` ^#=O` P" "O@ _~. Q"\ J< iqH"` P"# =OK<_.
JO`H^, J<H=Ok q@s JkH~, ~[H"`, |_ Q"~ P"` O|O^O @<~. "i
[~< =~A _iH _ =<_. P" q=O`"# rq`xH J Y~ J`< iOK"_@. ~O`
P" ~\OKk. XH _#~Q, O^ q~^"# i}Q P" ~ ~=_O` P" "o# K@ ^#=O`
P"# s PxOK"~. "^\ OK^O ~=_O` H^ =i~Ok.
P ^O [~h XH H, WOQO_, #, ~ =~ H ~_`<~. XH ^~_ `^O uiy`
J~ K~. P" =`$^"# <^~O_ `@^OQ =Ok. P ^ ~~Q P" U ^O<< u~Q=K.
JO^=# P" ~x Jx ^ KQ uiQk. J^ P" HO =OzOk. 1917 |=i OK
Q_Ki Y P"# i J~ KOk. P"# [~< Q_Ki}Q ~x ^xH `Q@ H `~K~.
" K#^x H~O
'^xH =O^ [~< " P"# i @}O F Q_Ki >~xOQ P" [~# `s^
~OK~. ^O ~O=H 1912 [~< g^ P" [~< b p` He H~ uiyOk.
1913 #H =z _xOQ =<Ok. + i u~Q` JH_ q@s JkH~` s~HOQ H,
P =` " K# ~# [~# K~"Ok. 1916 P" ~< F_ "`O> a\< =`
J< ~= P @O_ ~ " P"# x~O^OH fx qKiOK~. `# OK ~O>e*#H x
K#@ P" KOk.
JO> P" J@ OK "iH, ~@ [~< "iH ~^iH _| U[O@Q xKO^? OK " J#^q@O>
'1917 ~< ~[^x =__ =# [~< q@s Z\p i< " O# ~O^O ZK21 J<
[~< Q_Ki `= K _`O^x =Ok. P H_ "O KkOKO H|\ K^=QeQO. P ZK21 =`
i J< Hx\O. P O^O P
U[O@H 15 " =~ ~"x
=Ok. =` i M` 30 "
[=_~. x*xH P \H O K "
`= H_ KkOK~x [~<" J\H
` e ~Ok. JO^ =# ~
O ^ h O K " H"x
\OK~x `~` ~A J#=#O
=zOk.
P" qK~} [iy#_ a\+,
OK WO>e*# "~ P~}
P^~ KH~. P" Qk
H\ WOH ^iHOk H|\ Q_Ki}

J<~. 'Jk < "H QO JO^". P~H =O^ =__#O_

=zO^x, JH_ [~< Q_K ~` HeO^x P~OK~. ^ u~Q_ O
`# =$u^~ O JOk P". `# J=~e#x ix _K H#\
K L`~ ~Ok. J~< P" Q_ Z=~ qxOKH^. 50
" =Ok x K= H~~O^O@ OK"~ 1917 JH|~
15 # iOQ _ K` HeOz KOOK~. J_ P" = 41.
W XH H|~ #~H ~O_ ^ _| U[O@Q xKO^<
H^#O JO^i L`H` ~, P" H^# JQ K` =K~. Hh
25 O=`~ H`O Hx "" "QH =K~. =`i H
q=~ 100 U@ |\ OKxH `e_^x K~.
Hh P" rq`Q^ ~# ~K~` HiH 1985 J`xH KOK~.
P" x~~k Jx JO\_`#. =` ix OK Q_Ki}Q i\
K#`# `~` P"# "O K_@. `< #H, [~hH _|
U[O@Q xK_@. `# ` HKH=_xH P" <~O "
`OQ <~ =~OK_@.
x*x* Z\H |@ = `e^. Hh P" =~}O
` ~ ` JO` H H P" " x ` = J yOK O _ O @
@O|=~ =O^ ~^. "^i^#H ^x ix
=lO P Z<@gH JyOK~. 1931 f# ''=`
i x= b=_ H `~ Q\ Q~ =` i `
^iOK_O` P" ~ OK=O`\ =~"y~Ok. ^x
Ki`H "" `=, H# Z= Jx P~} =K~. P
`~` Z< H, =lH, \g i, x= =<
=<~. P" == Q_Ki} J~` ~O` Q=~ =O_k
H^. H|~ #~H, q$OY r=#O Q_# =^=u H=_O`
O` PH HeyOk. WOH H< Q_ ~OH Hx x*
|@ ~=K. ~ Q~O Kx Q=x =O_O_. Zg
^ ([#=i 2012)
(\ 1. 1904 =`i, 2. H=O ` ^iOz K#
#$`O 3. 1905 i ^~# 4. 1906 i ^~#
5. 1931 Q\ Q~ #\Oz# ''=` i x= ~ 6. 1985 e H #\Oz# ''=` i ~