....

12/09

.
.

() . ..

2010



, (Arthur
Schopenhauer) .

.
.

.
: (Argumentum ad hominem),
(Argumentum ad Ignorantiam),
(Argumentum ad verecundiam), (Argumentum ad
populum), (Argumentum ad baculum),
(Ignoratio Elenchi),
(Accident),
(Converse Accident), (Fallacy of
Equivocation),
(Amphiboly),
(Composition), (Division).
( )



.
.

,
.

, ,
(strategic narrative narrative leadership)
..,

.

ii

___________________________________________

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iii

,
.

.

,




.
, ,

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.

1,
:
) (proof)
(.. )
) (
) 1

,
1

, . , , 2002.

iv

,
) (stratagem),

,
.

.

, ,

2,
,

. ,

.
,
( )
.

Rahim, A., 'A measure of styles of handling interpersonal conflict', Academy of Management
Journal', 1983, Vol.26, N.2, .368-376.

, ,
,

,
,
, , .
, ,
(),
, ,

.

, .
3 ,
,
, (
). a priori
, ,
.
, a posteriori,

Schopenhauer Arthur, . , Printa,
2008.
Saunders Bailey, he Art of Controversy and other posthumous papers by Arthur Schopenhauer,
Swan Sonnenschein & CO. Lim., , 1896.
.
3

.

-,
.
,
.
,

.
, ,

4.

.

. ,


.

. ,
,

. ,
,
.
,
, - . . ,
. 2008. . 130
.
4

.
,
,

.

, ,
,
, .

, , ,
, ,
, , .
,
5.
,
,
(
), .

-.
(Contra negantem principia non est disputandum)6.

-
. : ) ad rem ( res), ,
) ad hominem ex concessis
5

. , , 2002.

. : ) , ) ,
, .
,

,
,
, ,
.

.


.
.

,
. 13
, ,
112 6 (
).

David H. Fischer Historian Fallacies New York: Harper & Row, 1979.

( )
.
,
.
. 7

.
.

modus ponens modus
tollens 8, .
(
)
9.
(Argumentum ad hominem):

,
7

Baggini, Julian & Fosl, Peter S. :

(. ), , 2005..
8

, . . ...

2009
9

Irving Copi Carl Cohen . Introduction to

logic, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall 1998.

(ad hominem) 10,

.

.
ad hominem


. ( ex concessis)

,
,

.
(Argumentum ad Ignorantiam):

,
.
(
) ,

.

. ,
, ,
.

( -ad hominem).
(ex concessis)
( , , )
.
10

(Argumentum ad verecundiam):

,
,

.

.
,
.
(Argumentum ad populum):
.
,
,

. ,
, . Bertrand Russell

, . ,
,
. 11
(Argumentum ad baculum):
,
.

(ad

baculum

.
416 ..
11

Bertrand Russell Marriage and Morals New York: Liveright, 1929.

: , ,
.
,
( ) (
), ,
.
(Ignoratio Elenchi):
.

.

,
,
.
(Petitio Principii):

.

(.. ),
, , .


,
.


. David Hume ,

.
(Accident):

. ..

.
secundum quid ( ),
,
,
.
(Converse
accident):
.
, .

.
(Argumentum non causa pro causa):

.
,
, ,
.
post hoc ergo proper hoc ,
, .
(Fallacy of Equivocation):

10

.
12,

. .
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
, .
; .

.
. ,
,
.
,
13.
(Amphiboly):
, ,
.

,
,
, .
: .
.
.
13
Richard Robinson, An atheists Values Oxford University Press, , 1964, . 121
12

11

(accent), 14,
,
, ..
.
.
(Composition):


, ..
.

.
, , ,

(Division): T ,


,
,
.. , ,
.

14

Copi I. M. & Cohen C, Introduction to logic, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall 1998.

12

( )


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).

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18-23)

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(mutatio
controversiae). ,

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.

.
) ( 19)
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) ( 22) ,
.
,

,
.

15

( 25)

,
,
.
(exemplum in contrarium, instantia).
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)
.
) ( 28)

. argumentum ad auditores

, :


.
) ( 32)


, .
,
, , ...
) ( 35)
.
. ,
-
, -

16

.
(argumentum ab utili).
) ( 36)
,
.

.

15.
) ( 38)

.
. argumentum ad personam
argumentum ad hominem : ad hominem

, ad personam

,
.
,

.
:
, .

.

O Victor
Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefild.
15

17

:
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,
.
(Slippery Slope):
,

.
,
.


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.

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,
,
,
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.

18

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.

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P=>Q

19

,
.
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(soundness) :
(sound) , ,
(, , ).
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, :
(1) ,
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
, (invalid)
17.

, . . ...
2009

17

20

, .

.


.

.

(expanding pie) 18.
, ,
, ,

19. Francois de Callieres,
18 ,
, 19.

( )
.
18

19

Franois de Callires, The Practice of Diplomacy, translation of "De la manire de ngocier avec
les souverains," London: Constable & Co, 1919. . 43

21

.
, ,
, 20.

,

.
, - ,
-
.


.
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.

.
,
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, .
, ,
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, .
Umberto Eco, Daniele Del Giudice, Gianfranco Ravasi, ,
, 2006.
20

22

, , .

, .
, ,



,

.
.
,
.
,
. ,
70.
2000
.
,
.
,
,

.

.

(strategic narrative narrative
leadership).

23

,

.
David Boje
.
, ()
.
21.

.
Ohio Jeffrey D. Ford

,
22.
,

.

Boje, D. Leadership is theatre! 4 2008

http://business.nmsu.edu/~dboje/388/leadership_theatre_book.html 2005 . 12
22
Ford, J. (1999). Organizational change as shifting conversations. Journal of Change Management,
12, (6), 480-500 http://www.hsdinstitute.org/learn-more/library/articles.html
21

24

,
( 9) 23.

, . (symbolic or
formal logic)

.


.
-
- (
). ,



.
.. .

Umberto Eco, Daniele Del Giudice, Gianfranco Ravasi, ,

, 2006 .17.
23

25

,

..,

.

,

(De inventione 1,1) 24

Umberto Eco, Daniele Del Giudice, Gianfranco Ravasi, ,

, 2006 .17.
24

-
1.

, . .
... 2009.

2.

, . , ,
2002.

3.

, . , ,
2004.

4.

Baggini, Julian & Fosl, Peter S. :

. . , , 2005.

5.

Copi I. M. & Cohen C, Introduction to logic, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
1998.

6.

Eco Umberto, Daniele Del Giudice, Gianfranco Ravasi,

. , , 2006.

7.

, - . . ,
. 2008.

8.

., ., ., -
, 2007.

9.

Saunders Bailey, he Art of Controversy and other posthumous papers by Arthur

Schopenhauer, Swan Sonnenschein & CO. Lim., , 1896.

10. Schopenhauer Arthur, . ,

Printa, 2008.

11. Boje, D. Leadership is theatre! 4 2008

http://business.nmsu.edu/~dboje/388/leadership_theatre_book.html (2005)
12. Ford, J. (1999). Organizational change as shifting conversations. Journal of
Change Management, 12, (6), 480-500
http://www.hsdinstitute.org/learn-more/library/articles.html