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Mrunal[Aptitude]Averages:Entry/Removalof1element=>Increase/DecreaseinAverageShortcutmethodexplainedMrunal

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[Aptitude]Averages:Entry/Removalof1element=>Increase/
DecreaseinAverageShortcutmethodexplained
PostedBySupportStaffOn05/02/2013@5:38pmInAptitude|121Comments
1. Situation:EntryofElementIncreaseinAvg
1. Case:AvgageofStudents+Teacher
1. Approach#1:convertintomoneyproblem
2. Approach#2:Formulamethod
2. Case:Avgsalaryworkers+manager
3. Case:Avgweightstudents+teachers
4. Case:originalaveragenotgiven
2. Situation:Entryof1elementDecreaseinAvg
1. Case:youngerKidjoins:averagegoesdown
2. Case:AverageRunsdecline(originalnotgiven)
3. Situation:Removalof1elementincreaseinavg
4. Situation:Removalof1elementdecreaseinavg
5. Mockquestions

Situation:EntryofElementIncreaseinAvg
Letsstartwithreallysimplecase.InGokuldhamsociety,theaverageageoffourkidsis14years.
IfMr.Champakisincludedinthisgroup,theaverageageincreasesby11years.Howoldis
Mr.Champak?
Convertthisintomoneyproblem
FourkidsgotRs.14each.
Champakmakesanewgangwithrule,everyonemusthaveRs.25(bcoz14+11=25)
ButthosekidsgotonlyRs.14.sohowmuchcashshouldChampakbring,toformthisnew
gang?
Letsthinkaboutit
ThosekidsgotonlyRs.14eachandwanttojointhenewgroup.
ButeachofthemwouldneedRs.11extra.
SoChampakmustgivethemRs.11x4kid=Rs.44
AndChampakalsowantstobeapartofthisgang,soheshouldalsobringRs.25forhimself.
Therefore,ChampakmustbringRs.44(togivetothosekids)+25(forhimself)=44+25=69
Hencefinalanswer:ageofChampakis69years.

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Observehownumbersaremovingwhiletheaveragechanges.

Case:AvgageofStudents+Teacher
Averageageof36studentsis14years.Ifteachersageisincluded,thenaverageincreasesbyone.
Findtheageofteacher.(RBI)
Wecansolveitbytwoapproaches
1. ConvertintoMoneyproblem(easy,quick)
2. Formulamethod.(lengthy,timeconsuming)

Approach#1:convertintomoneyproblem
Wheneveryoufacesuchquestiononaverage,trytoconvertitintoamoneyproblem,thenit
becomesveryeasytovisualize.
Convertingintomoneyproblem
36kidshadRs.14each
1teachercomes.
Newaverageis15(original14+increasesby1)
Howmuchcashdoesteacherhave?
Okletsthinkaboutit.
Thereisagangof36kids.Andithasrule:everyonemusthaveRs.14.
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Teacherwantstoformanewgang.Andithasrule:everyonemusthaveRs.15.
ButthosekidshaveonlyRs.14each.
SoteachermustgiveRs.1toeachofthose36kids.
MeaningteachermustbringRs.1x36=Rs.36
AndteachershouldkeepRs.15asideforhimself.(becausenewgangruleiseveryonemust
haveRs.15)
Sohowmuchcashdidteacherbringin?=Rs.36(togivetokids)PLUSRs.15(forhimself)
=36+15=Rs.51thatsourfinalanswer.AgeofTeacheris51years.

Approach#2:Formulamethod
Formulaforaverage:average=sumofobservationdividedbynumberofobservation

Situation1:withoutteacher
36=(sumofkids)/14
Therefore,sumofkids(s)=36x14
S=504

Situation2:withteacher
37=((sumofkids)+ageofteacher))/15
Therefore,S+teacher=37x15
Nowpluginthevalueofs=504frompreviousequation
504+teacher=555
Teacher=555504=51thatsourfinalanswer.
Asyoucansee,theproblemwiththisformulamethod=youvetodolengthymultiplications(37
x15and36x14).Thus
1. itbreaksyourmomentum,decreasesyourspeedintheexam.
2. youmightmakesomesillymistakeinmultiplicationsorduringpluggingthevaluesin
equations.
Sobetterjusttrytosolvesuchquestionsusingmoneyproblemmethod.

Case:Avgsalaryworkers+manager
Theaveragesalaryof20workersisRs.1500.Ifmanagerssalaryisadded,thisaverageincreases
byRs.100.FindthesalaryofManager.(RRB)
Itisalreadyinmoneyproblemformat.
20guyshaveRs.1500each
NowManagerwantstoincreasethisaveragebyRs.100.(newavg=1500+100=1600)
SomanagermustgiveRs.100toeachofthese20guys=managermustbringtotal100x20
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=Rs.2000withhim.
ButthisnewgrouphasaruleeverybodymusthaveRs.1600.Hence,Ifmanagerwantsto
bepartofthisnewgroup,hemustkeepRs.1600asideforhimself.
So,howmuchcashshouldmanagerbring?=Rs.2000(togivetoworkers)+Rs.1600for
himself
=2000+1600
=3600thisisthefinalanswer.

Case:Avgweightstudents+teachers
Thereare24kidsinaclasswithaverageweightof35kilograms.IfTeachersweightincluded,the
averageincreasesby400grams.Findweightofteacher.
Convertthisintomoneyproblem
1. 24kidshave35rupeeseach
2. Teacherwantstoformnewgang:everyonemusthave35.4rupeeseach(because400gms
=400/1000kg=0.4kg)
Okletsthinkaboutit
Teachermustgive0.4rupeestoeachofthose24kids=24x0.4=9.6
AndhemustbringRs.35.4forhimself.
sohowmuchcashshouldteacherbringin?=9.6(forkids)+35.4(forhimself)
=9.6+35.4
=45.Thatsourfinalanswer:weightofteacheris45kilos.

Case:originalaveragenotgiven
Inhis11thinning,abatsmanscored216runsandhisaverageincreasedby12runs.Whatshisnew
average?(Bank)

Moneyproblem
1. 10guyshadRs.meach
2. Newguy(11th)hasRs.216andheformsanewgang.
3. Inthisnewgangof11guys,eachpersonhasRs.(m+12)each.Findvalueofm+12.
Letsthinkaboutit:
NewguywantedtoformanewgangwhereeveryonehadRs.m+12.
Butthose10guysfromoldgang,hadonlyRs.m
Thatmeansnewguyshouldgiveeachofthose10peopleRs.12
SonewguygaveawayRs.12x10=Rs.120
SonewguyisleftwithRs.216(heoriginallyhad)MINUSRs.120(thathegaveaway)
216120=Rs.96thatsouranswer.
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sofarwesawAverage:Entryof1Element=>leadingtoIncreaseinAverage.
NowletscheckAverage:Entryof1Element=>leadingtodecreaseinaverage

Situation:Entryof1elementDecreaseinAvg
Case:youngerKidjoins:averagegoesdown
Theaverageageofsixkidsis12years.Anewkidjoinsthegangandaveragedecreasedbyone
year.Whatistheageofthisnewkid?

Moneyproblem
Sixkidsgot12rupeeseach.
NewkidwantstoformanewgangwithruleeachonemusthaveonlyRs.11
Okletsthinkaboutit
Sinceaverageisdeclining,wearesurethatnewkidhaslessmoneythanRs.11.
Buthewantseveryonetohave(121)=11rupees.
Hetellsthose6kids,eachofyougiveme1rupees.=6x1=Rs.6borrowed.
Sohowmuchmoneydidthatnewkidbring?Well,Nowheispartofnewgangsoobviously
hehasRs.11.
buthehasborrowedRs.6fromothers.
Meaning,heoriginallyhad116=Rs.5
Finalanswer:ageofnewkidis5years.
Letstryacasewhereoneelementisremoved.

Case:AverageRunsdecline(originalnotgiven)
Acricketermade90runsinhis12thinning,andhisaveragedeclinedby5runs.Findnewaverage.

Moneyproblem
11guyshadaverageRs.meach
12thguyhasRs.90andhemakesnewgang,withruleeveryonemusthaveRs.(m5)
Letsthinkaboutit
Sinceaverageisdeclining,wecanbesurethatnewguyhaslessmoneythanprevious
average(m).
Buthewantseveryonetohave(m5)rupees(heshouldalsohavemminus5rupees.)
Sohetellsthose11people,give5rupeeseachtome.=11x5=Rs.55
Howmuchcashdoesthenewguyhavenow?=90(heoriginallyhad)+Rs.55(thathe
borrowed)=Rs.90+55=145thatsournewaverage.
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Finalanswer:newaveragerunsafter12inningsis145.

Situation:Removalof1elementincreaseinavg
Abatsmanplayed30inningswithanaverageof78runs.
Ifweignorethescoreofhislastinnings,thenaverageincreasesby2runs.Howmanyrunsdidhe
scoreinlastinning?

Moneyproblem
30guyswithRs.78each
1guy(Jethalal)leavesthisgangaftersettlinghisdebts.
Averageofremaining29guysis(78+2)=80runs.
Okletsproceed
Sinceaverageisincreasesaftermemberleavesthegang=thismember(Jetha)hadless
moneythanothers.
Thatmeansotherpeoplehadlendedhimsomemoney(toraisehimtotheaverageof78.)
WhenJethalalleavesthegang,remainingguysget2rupeeseach.
ThatmeansJethagavethemRs.2toeachofthose29remainingguys.=2x29=Rs.58
Andonceuponatime,Jethalalwaspartofthisgang,sohehadRs.78.
ItmeansJethasoriginalmoney=Rs.78minusRs.58(thatheborrowed)=7858=Rs.20
Finalanswer:batsmansscoreinlastinningwas20runs.

Situation:Removalof1elementdecreaseinavg
FourmembersofafamilyearnaverageRs.7350.Oneofthem,leavesandaveragegoesdownto
Rs.6500.Howmuchdidthatpersonearn,whohasnowleftthefamily?(SSC)

Moneyprobleminourformat:
1. 4guyswithRs.7350each
2. Oneofthem(knownasJethalal)stealsmoneyfromothersandleaves.
3. Now3guysleftandtheyveRs.6500each
Okletsthinkaboutit
Jethawantstobringdownaveragefrom7350to6500=declineof850.
SohemuststealRs.850fromeachoftheremainingthreeguys=Rs.850x3=2550.
AndsinceJethawasoncepartofthisgang,hetoousedtoearnRs.7350himself.
ThereforetotalcashwithJethalal=7350(heoriginallyhad)+2550(thathestole)=Rs.9900.
Finalanswer:theincomeofpersonwholeftfamily,isRs.9900
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Mockquestions
1. Averageageof30studentsis11.Whenteachersageisadded,averageincreasesby1year.
Findtheageofteacher.
2. Averageof24wrestlersis90.Anewwrestlerjoinsthegymandaverageincreasesby2kilos.
Findweightofnewwrestler.
3. Averageannualincomeof25familiesinasocietyis1.9lakhs.Anewfamilycomestolive
inthissocietyandthenewaverageannualincomeofthewholesocietyisincreasedby
10,000rupees.Findthemonthlyincomeofthisnewfamily.
4. Averagesalaryof21workers+1managerisRs.2000.Whenmanagersincomeisnot
considered,theaveragedeclinesby25%.HowmuchdoesManagerearn?
5. Abatsmanmakesaverage50runsin36matches.After37thmatch,hisaverageincreasedby
1run.Howmanyrunsdidhescoreinlastmatch?
6. Abatsmanmade102runsin21stinningandhisaverageincreasedby2runs.Findtotalruns
scoredbyhiminfirst20matches.
7. Abatsmanscored199runsinhislastmatchandhisaverageincreasedfrom44to49.Find
totalnumberofmatchesplayedbyhim.
8. Athiefstealsaverage2carspernightfor13nightscontinuously.Butafter14thnights
adventure,hisaverageincreasesto3cars.Howmanycarsdidhestealinthatlastnight?
9. Averagesalaryof21workersis2000.Anewworkerjoinsthecompanyandoverallaverage
declinesby2.5%.Whatisthesalaryofnewworker?
10. Abatsmanmadeaverage80runsin29matches.After30thmatch,hisaveragedeclinedby2
runs.Howmanyrunsdidhescoreinthatlastmatch?
11. Inadancetroupe,averageweightof20juniordancersis60kilos.Iftheweightoflead
dancerisalsoconsidered,theaveragedeclinesby500gms.Howmuchdoestheleaddancer
weigh?
12. Inasociety,averageannualincomeof30familiesis9lakhs.Onenewfamilystartstolive
hereandaveragedeclinesto8.8lakhs.Findtheannualincomeofthisnewfamily.

Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

42
140
4.5lakhsannually/12=37500monthlyincome.
DeclineofRs.500.SomanagerhadRs.500x21+2000=Rs.12500
87runs.
20x60=1200runs.
30matches.hekept49forhimselfandgave5rupeeseachtomnumberofpeople.
199=49+5m.som=30matches.
8. 16cars.(Rs.3forhimself+1x13donated=16carsstolenlastnight)
9. 2.5%decline=50rupeeson2000.so21workersgavehim21x50=1050.andheispartof
newgang=hehas1950minus1050borrowed=Hissalaryis900.
10. 20runs.
11. 49.5kilos.
12. 2.8lakh.
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