Jorge Vazquez

11/6/15
Block:6
Chemistry
Precipitates and Solubility Rules
Pre-lab Discussion:
This lab deals with what properties make a solution a precipitate or soluble and
how they are made. There are two ionic compounds that will be mixed each with their
own charges. Some of the compounds will react to each other resulting in creation of a
precipitate and others will not and will not be seen. In this lab the precipitate will be
identified by looking if the bonds would in theory soluble meaning the ionic compound
was able to dissolve into the solute or if was insoluble meaning it could not be dissolved
in a solvent after it was mixed.
Equations will be made to identify specifically which solvent had a habit to create
insoluble and soluble solutions and be stated.
Purpose:
Observe the formation of various precipitates and, based on your observations,
formulate a hypothesis regarding general solubility rules
Equipment and Materials:
test tubes,
safety goggles
18x150-mm(5)
lab apron or coat
test tube rack
dropper pipet
Solution Set A
Solution Set B
0.1M AgNO
0.1M Zn(C2H O )
0.1M BaCl *2H O
0.1M FeCl
0.1M Na CO
0.1M NaOH
0.1M (NH )2SO
0.1M MgBr
0.1M Ca(NO )
0.1M K CO
0.1M K PO
0.1M NaC H O
Procedure:
As in Lab #31, Precipitates and solubility Rules pg. 157-161
3

2 2

Results/Data:
Solution Set A
AgNO
BaCl

PPT

Na CO
2

PPT

BaCl

Na CO

(NH ) SO

Ca(NO )

PPT

4 2

3 2

(NH ) SO

NR

PPT

NR

Ca(NO )

PPT

NR

PPT

NR

K PO

PPT

PPT

NR

NR

4 2

3 2

X
X

PPT

Solution Set B
Zn(C H O )
2

FeCl

PPT

FeCl

2 2

NaOH

MgBr

NaOH

PPT

NR

MgBr

NR

PPT

PPT

PPT

PPT

NR

PPT

NR

PPT

NR

NR

K CO
2

NaC H O
2

Equations:
AgNO +BaCl ?
3(aq)

2(aq)

NO

Cl

13

Ag

1+

AgNO

Ba

2+

Ba(NO )

AgCl

BaCl

3 2

2AgNO +BaCl Ba(NO ) +2AgCl

3(aq)

2(aq)

3 2(aq)

(s)

AgNO +Na CO ?
3(aq)

3(aq)

NO
Ag

Na

CO

13

AgNO

1+

3(aq)

Na CO

2AgNO +Na CO 2NaNO +Ag CO

3(aq)

23

Ag CO

NaNO

1+

3(aq)

3(S)

AgNO +(NH ) SO ?
3(aq)

4 2

4(aq)

NO
Ag

NH

SO

13

AgNO

1+

4 2

4(aq)

(NH ) SO

4 2

2AgNO +(NH ) SO 2NH NO +Ag SO

3(aq)

24

Ag SO

NH NO

1+
4

1-

3(aq)

4(s)

K CO
2

X
NR

AgNO +K PO ?
3(aq)

4(aq)

NO
Ag

PO

13

AgNO

1+

KNO

1+

Ag PO

K PO

3AgNO +K PO 3KNO +Ag PO

3(aq)

4(aq)

34

3(aq)

4(s)

BaCl +Na CO
2(aq)

3(aq)

Cl

CO

1-

Ba

BaCl

2+

Na

BaCO

NaCl

1+

3(aq)

Na CO
2

BaCl +Na CO 2NaCl +BaCO

2(aq)

23

(aq)

3(s)

BaCl +(NH ) SO ?
2(aq)

4 2

4(aq)

Cl
Ba

2+

SO

1-

BaCl

BaSO

NH Cl

(NH ) SO

NH

1+
4

4 2

4(aq)

4 2

BaCl +(NH ) SO 2NH Cl +BaSO

2(aq)

24

(aq)

4(s)

(NH ) SO +Ca(NO ) ?
4 2

4(aq)

3 2(aq)

SO

NO

24

NH

(NH ) SO

Ca

CaSO

1+
4

4 2

2+

NH NO

4(aq)

3 2(aq)

3 2

4(s)

3(aq)

Na CO +Ca(NO ) ?
2

3(aq)

3 2(aq)

CO
Na
K

NO

23

Na CO

1+

CaCO

2+

3(aq)

3 2(aq)

3 2

3(aq)

Ca(NO ) +K PO ?
3 2(aq)

4(aq)

NO

13

Ca(NO )

3(s)

13

NaNO

Na CO +Ca(NO ) CaCO +2NaNO

2

Ca(NO )

(NH ) SO +Ca(NO ) CaSO +2NH NO

4 2

13

PO

34

Ca
K

2+

Ca(NO )

Ca (PO )

KNO

K PO

3 2

1+

13

4 2

3Ca(NO ) +2K PO 6KNO +Ca (PO )

3 2(aq)

4(aq)

3(aq)

4 2(s)

BaCl +K PO ?
2(aq)

4(aq)

Cl

PO

1-

Ba
K

BaCl

2+

Ba (PO )

KCl

1+

34

K PO
3

4 2

3BaCl +2K PO 6KCl+Ba (PO )

2(aq)

4(aq)

3(aq)

4 2(S)

Zn(C H O ) +NaOH ?
2

2 2(aq)

(aq)

CHO
2

Zn

2+

Na

OH

12

1-

ZN(C H O )

Zn(OH)

NaC H O

NaOH

1+

2 2

Zn(C H O ) +2NaOH 2NaC H O +Zn(OH)

2

2 2(aq)

(aq)

2(aq)

2(s)

Zn(C H O ) +K CO ?
2

2 2(aq)

3(aq)

CHO
2

Zn
K

2+

CO

12

ZN(C H O )

ZnCO

KC H O

K CO

1+

2 2

Zn(C H O ) +K CO 2KC H O +ZnCO

2

2 2(aq)

23

3(aq)

2(aq)

3(s)

FeCl +NaOH ?
3(aq)

(aq)

Cl

OH

1-

Fe

3+

Na

1-

FeCl

Fe(OH)

NaCl

NaOH

1+

2FeCl +6NaOH 6NaCl +2Fe(OH)

3(aq)

(aq)

(aq)

3(s)

NaOH +MgBr ?
(aq)

2(aq)

OH

Br

NaOH

NaBr

KBr

MgBr

1-

Na

1+

Mg

2+

NaOH +MgBr Mg(OH) +2NaBr

(aq)

2(aq)

2(aq)

(s)

1-

3(aq)

MgBr +K CO ?
2(aq)

3(aq)

Br

CO

1-

Mg

MgBr

KBr

2+

3(aq)

MgCO

K CO
2

MgBr +K CO 2KBr +MgCO

2(aq)

(aq)

3(s)

Ionic equations:
2AgNO +BaCl Ba(NO ) +2AgCl
2Ag + 2NO +2Cl 2AgCl +Ba +2NO
2Ag +2Cl 2AgCl
Ag +Cl AgCl
3(aq)

2(aq)

1+
(aq)

3 2(aq)

13 (aq)

1+
(aq)

1-

1+
(aq)

1-

1-

(aq)

(aq)

(s)

2+
(aq)

(s)

13 (aq)

(s)

(aq)

(s)

2AgNO +Na CO 2NaNO +Ag CO

2Ag +2NO +2Na +CO 2Na +2NO
2Ag +CO Ag SO
3(aq)

1+
(aq)

3(aq)

3(aq)

13 (aq)

1+
(aq)

1+
(aq)

23 (aq)

2-

3(S)

1+
(aq)

(aq)

13 (aq)

3(aq)

4 2

4(aq)

13 (aq)

1+
(aq)

1+
4 (aq)

24 (aq)

3(aq)

24 (aq)

3(aq)

1+
(aq)

3(aq)

1+
(aq)

34 (aq)

34 (aq)

2(aq)

2+
(aq)

23 (aq)

(aq)

1+
(aq)

(aq)

+Ag SO
2

13 (aq)

+Ag PO
2

4(s)

3(s)

23 (aq)

1+
(aq)

3(s)

3(s)

BaCl +(NH ) SO 2NH Cl +BaSO

Ba +2Cl +2NH +SO 2NH +2Cl +BaSO
Ba +SO BaSO
2(aq)

4 2

2+
(aq)

1-

2+
(aq)

24 (aq)

4(s)

4(s)

3(aq)

1-

13 (aq)

4(s)

1+
(aq)

BaCl +Na CO 2NaCl +BaCO

Ba +2Cl +2Na +CO 2Na +BaCO
Ba +CO BaCO
2+
(aq)

3(s)

4(s)

4(aq)

13 (aq)

4(s)

1+
4 (aq)

3AgNO +K PO 3KNO +Ag PO

3Ag +3NO +3K PO 3K +3NO
3Ag +PO Ag PO
1+
(aq)

+Ag CO

4(s)

2AgNO +(NH ) SO 2NH NO +Ag SO

2Ag +2NO +2NH +SO 2NH +2NO
2Ag +SO Ag SO
1+
(aq)

4(aq)

1+
4 (aq)

(aq)

(aq)

4(s)

24 (aq)

1+
4 (aq)

1-

(aq)

4(s)

4(s)

3BaCl +2K PO 6KCl+Ba (PO )

3Ba +6Cl +6K +PO 6K +6Cl +Ba (PO )
3Ba +PO Ba (PO )
2(aq)

2+
(aq)

1-

2+
(aq)

34 (aq)

(aq)

4(aq)

3(aq)

1+
(aq)

34 (aq)

4 2(S)

1+
(aq)

1-

(aq)

4 2(s)

4 2(s)

(NH ) SO +Ca(NO ) CaSO +2NH NO

2NH +SO +Ca +2NO3 CaSO +2NH
SO +Ca CaSO
4 2

4(aq)

1+
4 (aq)

24 (aq)

3 2(aq)

24 (aq)

2+
(aq)

2+
(aq)

4(s)

1-

(aq)

3(aq)

4(s)

1+
4 (aq)

+2NO

3(aq)

1+
(aq)

23 (aq)

3 2(aq)

23 (aq)

2+
(aq)

13 (aq)

4(s)

Na CO +Ca(NO ) CaCO +2NaNO

2Na +CO +Ca +2NO CaCO +2Na +2NO
CO +Ca CaCO
2

3(s)

2+
(aq)

13 (aq)

3(s)

23

3(aq)

3(s)

1+
(aq)

13 (aq)

Na CO + Ca(NO ) 2NaNO + CaCO

2Na + CO + Ca + 2NO 2Na + 2NO
CO + Ca CaCO
2

3(aq)

3 2(aq)

+
(aq)

23 (aq)

23 (aq)

3(aq)

2+
(aq)

3(s)

3 (aq)

2+
(aq)

+
(aq)

+ CaCO

3 (aq)

3(s)

3(s)

3Ca(NO ) + 2K PO 6KNO + Ca (PO )

3Ca + 6NO + 2K 2PO 6K + 6NO + Ca (PO )
3Ca + 2PO Ca (PO )
Zn(C H O ) + 2NaOH 2Na(C H O ) + Zn(OH)
Zn + 2C H O + 2Na + 2OH 2Na + 2C H O + Zn(OH)
Zn + 2OH Zn(OH)
3 2(aq)

2+
(aq)

3 (aq)

2+
(aq)

34 (aq)

4(aq)

2+
(aq)

3 (aq)

4 2(s)

4 2(s)

+
(aq)

2(aq)

4 2(s)

+
(aq)

(aq)

34 (aq)

2 2(aq)

2+
(aq)

3(aq)

+
(aq)

(aq)

2 (aq)

2(s)

(aq)

+
(aq)

2(aq)

2(s)

Zn(C H O ) + K CO 2KC H O + ZnCO

Zn + 2C H O + 2K + CO 2K + 2C H O
Zn + CO ZnCO

+ ZnCO

3(s)

Zn(C H O ) + K CO 2KC H O + ZnCO

Zn + 2C H O + 2K + CO 2K + 2C H O
Zn + CO ZnCO

+ ZnCO

3(s)

2 2(aq)

2+
(aq)

2+
(aq)

3(aq)

12 (aq)

+
(aq)

23 (aq)

2+
(aq)

2(aq)

3(s)

+
(aq)

2(aq)

3(s)

2 2(aq)

2+
(aq)

23 (aq)

3(aq)

12 (aq)

+
(aq)

23 (aq)

2(aq)

3(s)

23 (aq)

+
(aq)

2(aq)

3(s)

FeCl + 3NaOH 3NaCl + Fe(OH)

Fe + 3Cl 3Na + 3OH 3Na + 3Cl + Fe(OH)
Fe + 3OH Fe(OH)
3(aq)

(aq)

3+
(aq)

(aq)

3+
(aq)

(aq)

+
(aq)

(aq)

3(s)

+
(aq)

(aq)

(aq)

2NaOH + MgBr Mg(OH) + 2NaBr

2Na + 2OH + Mg + 2Br Mg(OH) + 2Na
2OH + Mg Mg(OH)
MgBr + K CO MgCO + 2KBr
Mg + 2Br 2K + CO MgCO + 2K 2Br
Mg + CO MgCO
(aq)

2(aq)

+
(aq)
-

2(aq)

2(s)

2+
(aq)

(aq)

2+
(aq)

(aq)

2+
(aq)

23 (aq)

(aq)

(aq)

(aq)

+
(aq)

2(s)

2(s)

3(aq)

2+
(aq)

3(s)

3(s)

+
(aq)

3(s)

23 (aq)

3(s)

(aq)

3(s)

+
(aq)

(aq)

+ 2Br

(aq)

2(s)

Conclusion and questions:

Salts

Tendency

Na

Soluble

Soluble

NH

+
4

Soluble

Soluble

Ag

NO
Cl

Soluble

Soluble

CO
PO

23

Insoluble

34

Insoluble

CHO
2

Soluble

Most of the salts seemed to be soluble only the phosphate salt and the carbonate salt looked
like they created insoluble solutions.