ACI 440.

2R-02 Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures

TIU CHUN ACI 440.2R-02

Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for
Strengthening Concrete Structures
Ch dn thit k v thi cng h FRP kt dnh ngoi i vi vic tng cng kt cu
b tng

THI CNG LP
[ BN DNCH ]
CC T VIT TT
FRP

Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Polyme (hp cht cao phn t) ct si

ACI

American Concrete Institute

Vin nghin cu b tng M

ISRI

International Concrete Repair Institute

Vin nghin cu sa cha b tng quc t

THUT NG
Nn b tng/Concrete substrate: B tng hin ti hoc bt k vt liu sa cha bng xi mng
c s dng sa hoc thay th b tng hin ti. Nn c th bao gm ton b tng hin ti, ton
vt liu hin ti hoc kt hp gia b tng hin ti v vt liu sa cha. Nn l b mt h FRP
lp vo.
Cht khi ng/Initiator: Ngun nguyn t t do thuc nhm nguyn t c ti thiu mt in t
n l, s dng khi ng qu trnh lu ha i vi keo poly-ester v vinyl-ester. Nc xy gi
l ngun ph bin nht v nguyn t t do.
p dng kt dnh ti hn/Bond-critical applications: Vic p dng h FRP tng cng kt
cu da vo s kt dnh vi nn b tng; vic tng cng kh nng un v ct ca dm l cc v d
v p dng kt dnh ti hn.
p dng tip xc ti hn/Contact-critical applications: Vic p dng h FRP da trn s tip
xc gn gi lin tc gia nn b tng v h FRP. Nhn chung, p dng tip xc ti hn bao gm h
FRP bc quanh hon ton chu vi ca mt ct. Trng hp p dng tip xc ti hn nht, h FRP b
kt dnh vi b tng d dng lp nhng khng da trn s lm vic kt dnh nh ch nh. S
bao bc kn b tng h tr khng ng t l mt v d v p dng tip xc ti hn.
Lu ha h FRP/Cure of FRP systems: Qu trnh gy ra s thay i khng thun nghch c tnh
ca keo phn ng nhit do cc phn ng ha hc. Lu ha in hnh c thc hin bng vic b
sung tc nhn hoc cht khi ng lu ha, c hoc khng km theo gia nhit v p lc. Lu ha
hon ton l im m ti keo t ti c tnh ch nh. S lu ha khng mc l tnh trng c
tnh ch nh khng t c.

ACI 440.2R-02

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ACI 440.2R-02 Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures

S bong tch/Delamination: S chia ct dc mt phng song song b mt, cng nh s chia ct

cc lp ca tm FRP vi nhau.
Nhit chuyn i thy tinh (Tg)/Glass transition temperature: Trung im ca gii hn nhit
qua bin i vt liu hai pha (v nh thy tinh hoc polyme cao cp) t (hoc ti) trng thi gin,
thy tinh ti (hoc t) trng thi do.
Thm m/Impregnate: Trong polyme ct si, trng thi bo ha si vi keo.
Tm p/Laminate: Mt hoc nhiu lp si bao bc nhau trong cng mt khun keo lu ha.
Tri t/Wet layup: Phng php lm ra sn phNm tm p bng cch p dng h keo nh cht
lng khi t vi hoc thm vo.
Mnh/Ply: Mt lp n vi hoc thm; ming a mnh, khi c ln, to nn mt tm p.
Thi gian ch/Pot life: Khong thi gian sau khi chuNn b trong lc hn hp lng hoc do c
s dng.
Ming tm/Prepreg: Vt liu si hoc tm si cha keo m c tin trin ti c qunh.
Cc mnh ca ming tNm c lu ha in hnh cng vi ngun nng v p lc; cng nh l si
hoc tm tin bo ha.
Cun/Tow: Mt b lng cc dy si lin tc.
TIU CHUN V TI LIU VIN DN
ACI 224.1R

Causes, Evaluation, and Repair of Cracks in Concrete Structures

Nguyn nhn, nh gi v sa cha nt trong kt cu b tng

ACI 224R

Control of Cracking in Concrete Structures

Kim sot nt trong kt cu b tng

ACI 503.4

Standard Specification for Repairing Concrete with Epoxy Mortars

Tiu chun k thut v sa cha b tng vi va epoxy

ACI 546R

Concrete Repair Guide

Hng dn sa cha b tng

ICRI 03730

Guide for Surface Preparation for the Repair of Deteriorated Concrete Resulting
from Reinforcing Steel Corrosion
Hng dn chun b b mt cho vic sa cha b tng xung cp do g ct thp

CHNG 5. THI CNG LP

Quy trnh lp cc h FRP c pht trin bi cc nh sn xut v thng khc nhau gia cc h.
Thm na, quy trnh lp c th bin i ngay trong mt h, ty thuc vo loi v tnh trng kt cu.
Chng ny trnh by hng dn chung i vi vic lp cc h FRP. Cc nh thu c o to
ph hp vi quy trnh lp c nh sn xut cung cp mi c lp h FRP. Cc sai lch vi quy
trnh ca nh sn xut l khng c php khi khng c s tham vn vi nh sn xut.
5.1

Nng lc nh thu

ACI 440.2R-02

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ACI 440.2R-02 Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures

Nh thu lp h FRP cn chng minh nng lc chuNn b b mt v p dnh h FRP. Nng lc ca

nh thu c th c chng minh bng vic cung cp bng chng v o to v ti liu v cng
trnh lin quan c nh thu hon thnh trc y hoc vic chuNn b b mt v lp thc t h
FRP trn tng phn kt cu. Nh sn xut h FRP hoc c quan c y quyn ca h cn o to
nhn lc ca nh thu theo quy trnh lp h FRP ca h v m bo nhng ngi ny thnh tho
lp h FRP.
5.2

Nhit , m v xem xt hi m

Nhit , Nm tng i v hi Nm b mt ti thi im lp c th nh hng n s lm vic ca

h FRP. Tnh trng c quan st trc v trong khi thi cng lp bao gm nhit b mt b tng,
nhit khng kh, Nm tng i v im sng t tng ng.
Cht lt, keo bo ha v cht dnh thng khng c p dng ln b mt lnh hoc ng bng.
Khi nhit b mt b tng h xung di mc ti thiu theo ch dn ca nh sn xut h FRP, c
th xy ra tnh trng bo ha si khng n v s lu ha khng tt cc vt liu cu thnh keo, lm
tn hi s ton vn ca h FRP. Mt ngun nng b sung c th c dng nng nhit xung
quanh v nhit b mt trong khi lp. Ngun nng cn sch v khng lm bNn hoc h hi b mt
hoc h FRP cha c lu ha.
Keo v cht dnh thng khng c p dng ln b mt Nm hoc t tr khi chng c ch
to ring p dng cho loi b mt ny. H FRP khng c p dn vo b mt b tng, ni c di
chuyn hi Nm. S di chuyn hi Nm t b mt b tng qua cc vt liu keo cha lu ha xut hin
in hnh di dng bt b mt v c th lm tn hi n s kt dnh gia h FRP v kt cu nn.
5.3

Trang thit b

Mi h FRP c trang thit b duy nht c thit k ring bit p dng vt liu h . Trang thit
b ny c th bao gm cc dng c ln keo, phun, thit b nng/nh v v my cun. Tt c cc
trang thit b cn phi sch s v trong tnh trng vn hnh, s dng tt. Nh thu cn c ngi
c o to v vn hnh, s dng tt c cc trang thit b. Trang b bo h c nhn nh gng tay,
khNu trang, knh mt v qun o bo h cn c la chn v mc ph hp vi mi cng vic ca
ngi lao ng. Tt c vt t v trang thit b cn phi c s lng cho php thi cng d n
lin tc v m bo cht lng.
5.4

Sa cha nn v chun b b mt

S lm vic ca cu kin b tng c tng cng hoc gia c thm vi h FRP ty thuc ln
vo nn b tng vng chi cng nh s chuNn b v gia cng b mt b tng ng cch. B mt
c chuNn b khng ng cch c th dn n s mt kt dnh hoc bong tch h FRP trc khi t
c s truyn lc thit k. Hng dn chung c trnh by trong chng ny cn c p dng
cho tt c cc h FRP kt dnh ngoi. Cn c hng dn t nh sn xut i vi mt h FRP c th.
Vic chuNn b nn c th pht sinh n, bi rc v tnh trng chia r cc c dn ta nh.
5.4.1

Sa cha nn

Tt c cc vn lin i vi tnh trng ca b tng nguyn thy v nn b tng m c th lm tn

hi n s ton vn ca h FRP cn c ch ra trc khi vic chuNn b b mt bt u. Cc tiu
chuNn ACI 546R v ICRI 03730 trnh by t m v vic sa cha v chuNn b b mt b tng. Tt c
vic sa cha b tng cn p ng yu cu ca bn v thit k v ch dn k thut ca d n. Nh

ACI 440.2R-02

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ACI 440.2R-02 Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures

sn xut h FRP cn c tham vn v kh nng tng thch ca cc vt liu s dng sa cha

nn vi h FRP.
5.4.1.1 Xung cp lin quan n n mn:
H FRP kt dnh ngoi khng nn p dnh vo nn b tng b nghi c cha ct thp b g. Lc
trng n lin quan n qu trnh n mn l kh xc nh v c th lm tn hi ton vn kt cu
ca h FRP p dnh ngoi. Nguyn nhn n mn cn c ch r v s xung cp lin quan n n
mn cn c sa cha trc khi p dn bt c h FRP kt dnh ngoi no.
5.4.1.2 Tim nt:
Mt s nh sn xut FRP bo co rng s c ng ca vt nt 0.010 inch (0.3mm) tr ln c th
nh hng n s lm vic ca h FRP kt dnh ngoi qua s bong tch hoc ph hng si. Do ,
cc vt nt rng hn 0.010 inch (0.3mm) cn c tim p lc bng epoxy theo tiu chuNn ACI
224.1R. Cc vt nt nh hn l ra mi trng khc nghit c th i hi tim hoc trm keo
ngn nga n mn ct thp hin ti. Tiu chuNn b rng nt vi cc iu kin l din khc nhau
c cho trong ACI 224R.
5.4.2

Chun b b mt

Yu cu chuNn b b mt cn da trn vic p dng h FRP d kin. Vic p dng c th c

phn loi thnh kt dnh ti hn hoc tip xc ti hn. p dng loi kt dnh ti hn th d nh
tng cng kh nng un hoc ct ca dm, bn, ct, tng, i hi lin kt dnh gia h FRP v b
tng. p dng loi tip xc ti hn th d nh bc ct, ch i hi tip xc kn st gia h FRP v
b tng. p dng loi tip xc ti hn khng yu cu lin kt dnh gia h FRP v nn b tng
nhng vn thng c yu cu thun tin cho vic thi cng lp.
5.4.2.1 p dng kt dnh ti hn:
Vic chuNn b b mt i vi p dng kt dnh gii hn cn tun theo khuyn ngh ca tiu chuNn
ACI 546R v ICRI 03730. B tng hoc b mt sa cha p h FRP cn c biu hin ti
mi, khng li lng hoc vt liu khim khuyt. Nhng ch m un si quanh gc ca mt ct ch
nht th yu cu cc gc phi c bn knh ti thiu inch (13mm) ngn nga s tp trung
ng sut trong h FRP v l rng gia h FRP v b tng. Nhng gc b nhm cn c lm nhn
bng ma tt. Cc vt cn, cc gc lm, mt lm v cc vt gn theo c th nh hng ti s lm vic
ca h FRP cn phi c ch du. Cc vt cn v vt gn theo c th cn tNy b trc khi lp h
FRP. Cc gc lm, mt lm c th i hi thit k trin khai c bit m bo duy tr s kt dnh
ca h FRP vi nn. Vic chuNn b b mt c th c hon thin bng cc k thut mi hoc bn
nc p lc. Tt c bn, bi, bNn, rc, du, hp cht lu ha, cc lp ph hin ti v bt c cht
khc m c th gy tr ngi ti kt dnh ca h FRP vi b tng phi c tNy b. Cc l r v
rng nh khc b mt cn c l r hon ton trong khi gia cng b mt. Sau khi hon thnh
thao tc gia cng, b mt cn c v sinh v bo v trc khi lp FRP khng c vt liu no
gy tr ngi ti kt dnh c to ra trn b mt.
B mt b tng cn c chuNn b t ch s b mt b tng (CSP) ti thiu l 3 c xc nh
bng thanh o b mt ICRI. Cn tham vn nh sn xut FRP xc nh nu ch s b mt kh
khn (aggressive) hn. bin thin bt phng cc b, gm c ng khun (form lines), khng
c qu 1/32 inch (1mm) hoc dung sai phi theo khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut. Bin thin bt
phng c th c tNy b bng cch mi th trc khi mi trn hoc bn nc p lc hoc c th
lm trn bng bt ma-tt epoxy nu bin thin rt nh. Cc l r v rng cn c trm ma-tt
epoxy.

ACI 440.2R-02

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ACI 440.2R-02 Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures

Tt c cc mt tip nhn h tng cng cn c kh nh khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut. Nc

trong cc l rng c th hn ch s thm nhp ca keo v lm gim s an ci c hc. Hm lng
hi Nm cn c nh gi theo yu cu ca ACI 503.4
5.4.2.2 p dng tip xc ti hn:
Trong cc ng dng ko theo s o b (confinement) cc b phn b tng kt cu, vic chuNn b b
mt cn Ny mnh s tip xc mt thit lin tc gia b mt b tng v h FRP. B mt c bc ti
thiu cn phi phng hoc li Ny mnh ti trng thch hp ca h FRP. Cc l rng ln trn b
mt cn c v bng vt liu sa cha tng thch vi b tng hin ti.
Vt liu vi cng nn v m un n hi thp, nh thch cao, c th gim hiu qu ca h FRP
v cn loi b.
5.5

Trn keo

Vic trn keo cn c thc hin ph hp vi trnh t khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut FRP. Tt c
thnh phn keo cn phi nhit thch hp v c trn vi t l chnh xc ti khi hn hp thnh
phn ng u v hon thin. Cc thnh phn keo thng tng phn mu, do hn hp trn vn
c c khi cc vt mu b kh hn.
Keo cn c trn i vi thi gian trn quy nh v c kim tra trc quan v ng u mu.
Nh sn xut vt liu cn cung cp cc c l khuyn ngh, t l trn, phng php v thi gian trn.
Thit b trn c th gn km li trn chy in nh hoc my chuyn dng hoc keo c th c
trn khuy bng tay nu cn. Vic trn keo cn vi lng nh m bo rng tt c keo c th
c s dng trong khong thi gian ch ca keo. Keo c trn m vt qu thi gian ch
khng nn s dng do tnh nht s lin tc tng v s nh hng bt li n kh nng thm nhp b
mt ca keo hoc lm bo ha tm si.
5.6

p dng cc vt liu hp thnh

S bc hi c th i km vic p dn mt s keo FRP. H FRP cn c chn c s xem xt i

vi tc ng ca chng v mi trng, bao gm pht thi cc hp cht hu c d bay hi v cht
c.
5.6.1

Cht lt v Ma-tt

Nhng ch c yu cu, cht lt cn c p dng ti tt c din tch b mt b tng ni h FRP t

vo. Cht lt cn c t ng u trn b mt chuNn b t l bao ph ch nh ca nh sn
xut. Cht lt c dng cn c bo v khi bi rc, hi Nm v cc cht nhim khc trc khi
p dn h FRP.
Ma-tt cn c dng vi chiu dy thch hp v tip ni vi cht lt theo khuyn ngh ca nh sn
xut FRP. Ma-tt tng hp h, m in hnh l h epoxy c, ch cn s dng trm l rng v
lm trn im gin on b mt trc khi p cc vt liu khc. Cnh nhm gh gh hoc cc vt trt
ma-tt lu ha cn trn nhn trc khi tip tc thi cng lp.
Trc khi p dng keo bo ha hoc cht dnh, cht lt v ma-tt cn c cho lu ha nh ch dn
ca nh sn xut FRP. Nu ma-tt v cht lt lu ha hon ton, c th i hi vic chuNn b b
mt b sung trc khi p dng keo bo ha hoc cht dnh. Yu cu chuNn b b mt cn ly c
t nh sn xut h FRP.
5.6.2

Cc h tri t

ACI 440.2R-02

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ACI 440.2R-02 Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures

Cc h FRP tri t in hnh c lp bng tay c s dng tm si kh vi keo bo ha v phi

tun th khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut. Keo bo ha cn c p dng ng u ti tt c cc b
mt chuNn b, nhng ch s t h FRP. Si c th c thm m trong mt qu trnh ring s
dng mt my thm keo trc khi t vo b mt b tng.
Si tng cng cn c n nh nhng vo keo bo ha cha lu ha theo cch khuyn ngh ca
nh sn xut. Khng kh b lt gia cc lp cn c gii thot hoc c cn ra khi trc khi keo
se li. Keo bo ha cn c p dng t c y bo ha si.
Cc lp lin tip keo v vt liu si bo ha cn c t vo trc khi hon thnh s lu ha ca
lp keo trc. Nu cc lp trc lu ha, c th yu cu vic chuNn b b mt an xen nh ri
ct nh hoc p dng dung mi theo khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut.
5.6.3

Cc h p dng my

Cc h p dng my c th s dng cun thm m keo trc hoc cc cun si kh. Cun tNm
c nhng keo bo ha bn ngoi v a vo v tr thi cng bng cch ln vt liu. Si kh c
thm m ti hin trng trong qu trnh ln.
My bc ban u c dng t ng bc ct b tng. Cun si cng c th c cun ngang hay
ti mt gc ch nh. My cun c t quanh ct v t ng bc cun vt liu xung quanh chu vi
ct trong khi di chuyn ln v xung. Sau khi bc, h thng nhng keo cn c lu ha ti mt
nhit cao. Thng thng, mt ngun nng c t quanh ct theo nhit v lch biu nh
trc ph hp vi khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut.
Nhit c kim sot m bo cht lng c chc. Lp o FRP c c khng c bt c vt
ni hoc mi hn no do cc cun l lin tc. Trong tt c cc bc p dng trc, cc ch dn ca
nh sn xut h FRP phi c tun theo.
5.6.4

Cc h tin lu ha

Cc h tin lu ha bao gm khun v, di bng, cc dng li h m in hnh c lp vi cht

dnh. Cc cht dnh cn c p dng ng u ln cc b mt c chuNn b, ni h tin lu
ha c t vo, tr trng hp chc chn v s bao bc b tng khng i hi cht dnh gia h
FRP vi nn b tng. Cc b mt tm p tin lu ha s c dn cn sch s v c chuNn b ph
hp vi khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut. Cc tm tin lu ha hoc cc khun v cong cn c t
trn hoc vo trong cht dnh t theo cch do nh sn xut FRP khuyn ngh. Khng kh lt gia
cc lp cn c gii thot hoc cn ra khi trc khi cht dnh se li. Cht dnh cn c p dng
theo t l do nh sn xut khuyn ngh m bo kt dnh y gia cc lp lin tip.
5.6.5

o bo v

Lp o cn phi ph hp vi h tng cng FRP v c p dng ph hp vi khuyn ngh ca nh

sn xut. in hnh, vic s dng cht ha tan v sinh b mt FRP trc khi thi cng lp o l
khng c do cht ha tan c th c tc dng c hi ti keo polyme. Nh sn xut h FRP cn ph
chuNn mi s s dng cht tNy ha tan chuNn b b mt FRP trc khi p dng lp o bo v.
Lp o cn c kim tra nh k v cn c bo dng m bo hiu qu ca lp o.
5.7

Phn b vt liu FRP

Hng ca mnh FRP v chui xp mnh cn c ch r. Bin i nh v gc, b c 5 , so vi

hng phn b si nh c th gy gim ng k s tng cng. lch hng ca mnh cn
ACI 440.2R-02

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ACI 440.2R-02 Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures

c ngi thit k ph duyt. Vt liu tm v vi cn c cn theo cch duy tr thng thn v

hng ca si. Ch gn hoc np gp ca vi hoc cc dng gn sng th khc cn c bo co
ngi thit k.
5.8

Ming a mnh v mi ni ph

C th s dng ming a mnh, min l tt c cc mnh c thm m h keo, cng ct ca

keo truyn ti trng ct gia cc mnh v cng kt dnh gia b tng v h FRP. i
vi nhp di, chiu di ming a mnh ca vt liu si hoc nguyn liu tin lu ha c th c
dng truyn lc lin tc min l mi ni ph. Mi ni ph cn c t so le tr khi c lu
khc ca ngi thit k. Chi tit mi ni ph, bao gm c chiu di ph, cn da trn th nghim v
phi c lp ph hp vi khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut.
Do c trng duy nht ca mt s h FRP, ming a mnh v mi ni ph khng phi lc no cng
thc hin c. Hng dn c th v mi ni ph cho trong Chng 12.
5.9

Lu ha keo

S lu ha keo l hin tng ph thuc vo thi gian v nhit . Keo lu ha xung quanh c th
mt nhiu ngy t n lu ha hon ton. S qu mc v bin ng nhit c th lm chm hoc
nhanh thi gian lu ha keo. Nh sn xut h FRP c th a ra nhiu cp keo hn nh trc
iu chnh cc tnh hung ny.
Cc h lu ha cao i hi sy nng keo n mt nhit c th trong sut thi k ch nh. S kt
hp khc v thi gian v nhit bn trong ng bao xc nh cn em li s lu ha hon chnh
ca h. Tt c keo cn c lu ha ph hp vi khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut. S iu chnh thnh
phn ha hc keo ti hin trng l khng c php.
S lu ha cc mnh lp cn c gim st trc khi t cc mnh tip theo vo. Vic lp cc
lp tip theo cn c tm dng nu c hin tng lu ha bt thng.
5.10

Bo v tm thi

Nhit bt li, tip xc nc ma trc tip, bi rc, cht bNn, nh sng qu mc, Nm cao hoc
cc ph hoi c c th gy hi cho h FRP trong khi lp v gy ra s lu ha khng ng ca keo.
Vic bo v tm thi nh lu bt hoc tm chn nha c th c yu cu trong qu trnh lp cho
n khi keo lu ha. Nu c yu cu h chng tm, h FRP phi c lu ha hon ton mi
tho b h chng v cho php b phn kt cu chu ti trng thit k. Trong trng hp c h hi
ng ng i vi h FRP trong khi lp, cn phi thng bo cho ngi thit k v tham vn nh sn
xut h FRP.

MC THAM CHIU
CHNG 12:
12.2

CC CHI TIT TNG CNG

Chi tit ph v mi ni

Cc mi ni tm FRP cn c cung cp nh cho php trong bn v hoc trong ch dn k thut

hoc nh cho php ca ngi thit k theo khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut. Si h FRP phi lin tc
ACI 440.2R-02

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ACI 440.2R-02 Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures

v hng theo hng lc ko ln nht. S lin tc si c th c duy tr vi mt mi ni ph. i

vi h FRP, mt mi ni ph cn c lm bng cch chng gi si dc theo chiu di ca chng.
Phn gi ln nhau, hoc chiu di mi ni ghp, ty thuc cng ko v chiu dy ca h vt
liu FRP v c cng kt dnh gia cc lp xen k ca tm FRP. Cn phi gi ln nhau
m bo s ph hy ca tm FRP din ra trc s ph hy kt dnh gia cc tm FRP gi ln
nhau. Phn gi ln nhau yu cu i vi mt h FRP cn c nh sn xut vt liu cung cp v
c chng minh qua th nghim, khng ph thuc vo nh sn xut. Cc h FRP kiu v s dng
i vi cc b phn ct cn c cung cp din tch m rng ph hp ti mi ni, khe tip gip v
im u cui m bo s ph hy thng qua dy v hn l s ph hy ti mt ct mi ni.
i vi cc tm FRP mt phng, mi ni ph c yu cu ch theo hng ca si. Cc mi ni
ph khng i hi theo hng ngang ca si. Cc tm FRP cha cc mnh a phng c nh
hng nhiu phng hoc loi vi a phng i hi mi ni ph cng a phng duy tr tnh
lin tc ca si v cng tng th ca cc tm FRP.

ACI 440.2R-02

Thi cng lp
Ngi dch: ThS. Bi Xun Trng

Bn nh km 1

TIU CHUN ACI 440.2R-02

Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for
Strengthening Concrete Structures
Ch dn thit k v thi cng h FRP kt dnh ngoi i vi vic tng cng kt cu
b tng
KIM TRA, NH GI V NGHIM THU
[ BN DNCH ]
CC T VIT TT
FRP

Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Polyme (hp cht cao phn t) ct si

ACI

American Concrete Institute

Vin nghin cu b tng M

ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials

Hip hi M v th nghim v vt liu

ISRI

International Concrete Repair Institute

Vin nghin cu sa cha b tng quc t

ISIS

Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures

T chc cm bin thng minh i vi kt cu sng to

MSDS

Material Safety Data Sheets

Nhn s liu an ton vt liu

TIU CHUN V TI LIU VIN DN

ACI 503.4

Standard Specification for Repairing Concrete with Epoxy Mortars

Tiu chun k thut v sa cha b tng vi va epoxy

ACI 503R

Use of Epoxy Compounds with Concrete

S dng hp cht epoxy vi b tng

ICRI 03730

Guide for Surface Preparation for the Repair of Deteriorated Concrete Resulting
from Reinforcing Steel Corrosion
Hng dn chun b b mt cho vic sa cha b tng xung cp do g ct thp

ASTM D 3039

Test Method for Tensile Properties of Fiber Resin Composites

Phng php th nghim i vi cc c trng ko ca cm-pu-zt (vt liu
tng hp) keo si.

ASTM D 3418

Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers by Thermal Analysis

(DTA or DSC)
Phng php th nghim i vi nhit chuyn tip ca p-ly-me bng
phn tch nhit (DTA hoc DSC)

Kim tra, nh gi v Nghim thu

Ngi dch: ThS. Bi Xun Trng

Bn nh km 1

ASTM D 4541

ISIS, 1998,

Test Method for Pull off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion
Tester
Phng php th nghim cng ko t ca cc lp ph s dng my th
dnh xch tay
ISIS Standard Test Methods, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Cc phng php th nghim chun ca ISIS, i hc tng hp Manitoba, Canada

ISIS-Canada, 1998

Standard Test Methods for FRP Rod and Sheet, University of Manitoba,
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Cc phng php th nghim chun i vi thanh v tm FRP, i hc Tng
hp Manitoba, Canada

CHNG 6. KIM TRA, NH GI V NGHIM THU

Chng trnh v tiu chuNn m bo v kim sot cht lng (QA/QC) phi c duy tr bi nh
sn xut, nh thu thi cng v cc bn lin quan khc n d n. Chng trnh kim sot cht lng
(QC) cn phi tng hp v bao trm tt c cc kha cnh ca d n tng cng. kim sot cht
lng v mc th nghim, kim tra cng nh vic bo qun cc h s ty thuc vo quy m v
phc tp ca d n.
Vic m bo cht lng c c thng qua tp hp cc kim tra v th nghim thch ng v cc
ti liu hon cng. Ch dn k thut ca d n cn yu cu cung cp k hoch bo m cht lng
i vi vic thi cng lp v lu ha tt c vt liu FRP. K hoch cn bao gm cc ni dung v an
ton c nhn, p dn v kim tra h FRP, v tr v xp t cc mi ni, cc iu khon v lu ha,
bin php m bo kh b mt, cc mu m bo cht lng, vic v sinh v cc yu cu tun th
c nu ti mc 13.3.
Kim tra

6.1

H FRP v cc cng vic lin quan phi c kim tra theo yu cu ca cc tiu chuNn p dng.
Nu thiu cc yu cu nh vy, vic kim tra cn c tin hnh bi hoc di s gim st ca mt
k s c bng cp hoc mt kim tra vin iu kin. Kim tra vin cn c trang b kin thc
v h FRP v c o to thng qua thi cng lp rp FRP. Kim tra vin iu kin phi yu cu
tun th ng vi bn v thit k v cc ch dn k thut ca d n. Trong qu trnh thi cng h
FRP, vic kim tra hng ngy phi c ch dn v cn bao gm:
-

Ngy gi lp rp;

Nhit xung quanh, Nm tng i v s quan st chung v thi tit;

Nhit b mt b tng;

S kh ro b mt theo ACI 503.4;

Cc phng php chuNn b b mt v mt ct c c khi s dng thanh o b mt ICRI

(ICRI surface-profile-chips);

M t nh lng sch b mt;

Loi ngun nng, nu p dng;

B rng cc vt nt khng c tim Epoxy;

S l ca si hoc ca tm p tin lu ha v v tr tng i trn kt cu;

Kim tra, nh gi v Nghim thu
Ngi dch: ThS. Bi Xun Trng

10

Bn nh km 1

S l, t l pha trn, thi gian trn v m t nh lng v din mo ca tt c keo trn, k

c cht lt, ma-tt, cht bo ha, cht dnh v cht ph c trn cho mt ngy;

Quan st qu trnh lu ha keo;

S tun th quy trnh thi cng lp;

Kt qu th nghim ko t: cng dnh, ch ph hy v v tr;

c trng FRP t th nghim ca cc mnh mu hin trng hoc cc mnh vt chng nu

c yu cu;

V tr v kch thc ca cc im bong tch hoc rng kh;

Qu trnh thi cng chung.

Kim tra vin cn cung cp cho ngi thit k hoc ch u t (Owner) cc h s kim tra v cc
mnh vt chng. Khuyn ngh rng nhng mnh vt chng cn c gi li ti thiu 10 nm hoc
trong mt thi gian nht nh do ngi thit k ch nh. Nh thu thi cng cn gi li cc cc mu
keo trn v duy tr mt bn ghi v vic sp xp ca mi l.
6.2

nh gi v nghim thu

Cc h FRP cn c nh gi v nghim thu hoc khng nghim thu da trn vic tun th hoc
khng tun th bn v thit k v ch dn k thut. Cc c trng vt liu ca h FRP, vic thi cng
vi dung sai sp t quy nh, xut hin s bong tch lp, s lu ha ca keo, dnh vi nn cn
c km trong bo co. Dung sai xp t bao gm hng si, chiu dy lu ha, hng mnh, b
rng v khong trng, bn knh gc, chiu di mi ni ph cn phi c nh gi.
Mnh vt chng v cc th nghim ko t c s dng nh gi h FRP thi cng. Vic th
ti ti ch cng c th c s dng khng nh s lm vic (ng x) ca cu kin c tng
cng FRP c thi cng (Nanni and Gold 1998).
6.2.1

Vt liu:

Trc khi bt u d n, nh sn xut FRP cn phi trnh chng ch v c trng v nhn dng
vt liu c th ca tt c cc loi vt liu c s dng. Cc th nghim vt liu b sung c th c
ch dn nu thy cn thit da trn phc tp v rc ri ca d n. nh gi vt liu FRP c
chuyn ti c th bao gm cc th nghim cng ko, phn tch ph hng ngoi, Tg, thi gian
c qunh, thi gian ch v cng ct cht dnh. Cc th nghim ny thng c thc hin trn
cc mu vt c gi ti phng th nghim theo k hoch th nghim kim sot cht lng (QC).
Cc th nghim tui th ci i vi keo v ng rn lu ha thng c tin hnh ti hin
trng.
Cc vt liu m khng p ng yu cu ti thiu theo ch nh ca ngi thit k s b loi b. Cc
mnh vt chng c th c dng nh gi cng v m un ko, cng mp ni ph,
ng cng v Tg ca h FRP c lp rp v lu ha hin trng s dng trnh t thi cng tng
t nh s dng lp rp v lu ha h FRP. Trong khi thi cng, cc mnh phng c kch thc v
chiu dy nh trc c th lp rp ti hin trng theo k hoch ly mu nh trc. Sau khi lu
ha ti hin trng, cc mnh mu sau c th c gi v phong th nghim th nghim. Cc
mnh vt chng c th c gi li hoc trnh ti mt phng th nghim c duyt trong mt
thi hp l th nghim cng , cng v Tg. Cng v m un n hi ca vt liu
FRP c th c xc nh theo ASTM D 3039 hoc ISIS (1998). Cc c trng nh gi bng th
nghim phi c ch r. Ngi thit k c th khc t hoc thay i tn sut th nghim.

Kim tra, nh gi v Nghim thu

Ngi dch: ThS. Bi Xun Trng

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Bn nh km 1

Mt s h FRP k c cc h tin lu ha v qun bng my khng t cho thm vic lp rp cc

ming nh, phng, vt chng. i vi nhng trng hp ny, ngi thit k c th iu chnh yu
cu i vi nh sn xut cung cp cc mnh hoc mu th nghim. Cng ko v m un n
hi, cng mp ni ph ca vt liu FRP cng c th c xc nh s dng th nghim n ca
mu vng lp rp hin trng (ISIS 1998).
Khi thi cng, cc cc mu keo trn cn c chuNn b theo k hoch ly mu nh trc v gi
li th nghim xc nh mc lu ha (xem mc 6.2.4).
6.2.2

Hng si:

Hng ca si hoc tm p tin lu ha cn c nh gi bng kim tra mt thng. gn sng

ca si, s xut hin lch si khi ng thng si ni chung theo dng vn xon hoc gn sng
cn c nh gi i vi cc h p t.
S sp xp sai trn 5 ca si hoc tm p tin ha so vi ch nh trong bn v thit k (khong 1
inch/feet [80 mm/m] cn c bo co ngi thit k nh gi v chp thun.
6.2.3

Bong tch:

H FRP lu ha cn c nh gi v bong tch hoc rng kh gia cc lp si hoc gia h

FRP v b tng. Cc phng php kim tra cn phi c kh nng d c bong tch khong 2 inch
vung (1300 mm2) tr ln. Cc phng php nh sng m/acoustic sounding (ba m), siu m v
nhit (thermography) c th c s dng d bong tch lp.
Tc dng ca cc bong tch v cc d thng khc ln nguyn vn v bn ca h FRP cn
c nh gi. Kch c, v tr v s lng bong tch lin quan ti khp vng p dng cn c xem
xt trong bn nh gi.
Quy trnh chp thun chung i vi cc h p t l:
-

Cc bong tch nh di 2 inch vung (1300 mm2) mi ci l chp nhn c min l din
tch bong tch di 5% tng din tch dn v khng c qu 10 bong tch nh vy trn 10
feet vung (1 m2);

Cc bong tch ln, trn 25 inch vung (16000 mm2), c th tc ng n s lm vic ca

FRP lp rp v cn phi sa cha bng cch ct b la chn cc ming nh hng v p
mt ming dn ph tng ng cc mnh;

Cc bong tch di 25 inch vung (16000 mm2) c th c sa cha bng cch tim keo
hoc thay th lp v, ty theo kch c v s lng cc bong tch v v tr ca chng.

i vi cc h FRP tin lu ha, mi bong tch cn c nh gi v sa cha tun theo ch o

ca ngi thit k. Vo lc hon thnh vic sa cha, tm p cn c kim tra li xc minh
rng vic sa cha c hon thin ng.
6.2.4

Lu ha keo:

S lu ha tng i ca cc h FRP c th c nh gi bng th nghim trong phng v mnh

vt chng hoc mu cc keo s dng ASTM D 3418. S lu ha tng i ca keo cng c th
c nh gi trn hin trng d n bng cch quan st thc th v tnh dnh v ca keo v
cng ca b mt lm vic hoc cng ca mu keo gi li. Cn tham vn nh sn xut h FRP
xc nh cc yu cu xc minh keo lu ha c th. i vi cc h lu ha trc, cc php o
dnh-cng cn c thc hin tun theo khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut.

Kim tra, nh gi v Nghim thu

Ngi dch: ThS. Bi Xun Trng

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Bn nh km 1

6.2.5

Cng dnh:

i vi cc vt p dnh tiu chuNn, th nghim dnh ko ca cc mu khoan li cn c tin hnh

theo cc phng php trong ACI 503R hoc ASTM D 4541 hoc phng php m t bi ISIS
(1998). Tn sut ly mu cn phi ch r. Cng dnh ko phi vt 200 psi (1.4 Mpa) v biu l
s ph hy ca nn b tng. Cng thp hn hoc s ph hy gia h FRP v b tng hoc gia
cc lp v cn c bo co ngi thit k nh gi v chp thun.
6.2.6

Chiu dy lu ha:

Cc mu khoan li nh, in hnh vi ng knh 0.5 inch (13mm), c th c ly chc chn

mt cch trc quan chiu dy lp lu ha hoc s lp mnh. Tn sut ly mu cn c ch r. Vic
ly mu t cc khu vc ng sut cao hoc cc khu vc mi ni cn trnh. V l do thNm m, l
khoan mu c th c lp y v lm nhn bng va sa hoc ma tt h FRP. Nu c yu cu, mt
ming dn ph FRP t 4 n 8 inch (100 n 200 mm) tng ng cc lp v c th c p vo
khp l khoan c lp y v lm nhn ngay sau khi ly mu. Ming dn FRP cn c dn
tun theo trnh t thi cng ca nh sn xut.
MC THAM CHIU
CHNG 13:
13.3

BN V, CH DN K THUT V S TUN TH

S tun th

Ch dn k thut cn yu cu nh sn xut h FRP; nh thu lp rp; c quan kim tra, nu c yu

cu; v tt c nhng n v lin quan n d n trnh thng tin sn phNm v bng chng v trnh
chuyn mn v kinh nghim ca h cho ngi thit k xem li.
13.3.1 Nh sn xut h FRP:
Yu cu tun th i vi nh sn xut h FRP cn bao gm:
-

Nhn s liu v sn phNm ch r cc c trng vt l, c hc v ha hc ca h FRP v tt

c cc vt liu hp thnh ca n;

c tnh ko ca h FRP gm c phng php bo co c trng (si li hoc tm dn

ton b), phng php th nghim s dng v c s thng k s dng xc nh cc t
tnh;

Ch dn lp rp, bo tr v khuyn ngh chung lin quan n tng vt liu c s dng.

Trnh t lp rp cn bao gm c cc yu cu chuNn b b mt;

Nhn s liu v an ton vt liu ca nh sn xut (MSDS) i vi tt c cc vt liu c s

dng;

Trnh t kim sot cht lng (QC) ln du cc vt liu FRP v chng ch vt liu;

S liu th nghim bn i vi h FRP trong cc loi mi trng mong mun;

Cc bo co th nghim kt cu thch ng cho vic p dng xut;

Cc d n tham kho.

Kim tra, nh gi v Nghim thu

Ngi dch: ThS. Bi Xun Trng

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Bn nh km 1

13.3.2 Nh thu lp rp h FRP:

Yu cu tun th i vi nh thu lp rp h FRP cn bao gm:
-

Ti liu dn chng t nh sn xut h FRP v vic c hun luyn lp rp h FRP

xut;

Tham kho d n, bao gm cc ln lp rp tng t ln lp rp xut. V d, i vi mt

p dng tng th, nh thu cn trnh danh sch cc ln lp rp trc bao gm c ln
lp rp h FRP xut trong mt p dng tng th.

Bng chng v nng lc trong k thut chuNn b b mt;

Trnh t kim sot cht lng bao gm c cc mu ghi chp hoc kim tra hng ngy ca
nh thu.

13.3.2 C quan kim tra h FRP:

Nu mt c quan kim tra c lp c tham gia, yu cu tun th i vi c quan cn bao gm:
-

Danh sch cc kim tra vin c huy ng trong d n v trnh chuyn mn ca h;

Cc biu mu kim tra;

Danh sch cc d n c cc kim tra vin kim tra trc y.

Kim tra, nh gi v Nghim thu

Ngi dch: ThS. Bi Xun Trng

14