JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in Educational Leadership / M.Ed. in Curriculum and Instruction
EDUC 5324 Integrating Technology into Education
Name:Ibrahim Ozkaya

Date:09/05/2015

Cite the reviewed article in APA format:

Chang, I-Hua. (2012). The effect of principals' technological leadership on teachers'
technological literacy and teaching effectiveness in Taiwanese elementary. Journal of
Educational Technology & Society, 15(2), 328-340.
INTRODUCTION
Research Questions (if research questions are not specifically mentioned, what is
the theoretical background or overarching theme):
What is the the relationships among principals technological leadership, teachers
technological literacy, and teaching effectiveness

Purpose of the research:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among technological
leadership of principals and the technological literacy and teaching effectiveness of
elementary school teachers. The study also explores the notion that principals
technological leadership, as mediated by teachers technological literacy, can affect
teaching effectiveness.
METHODOLOGY
What is the methodology for the research or approach used to understand the
issue? Provide information regarding the following:
Participants:
The target population consisted of 1,000 teachers randomly selected from 100
elementary schools within six metropolitan cities in Taiwan.
Procedures:
The survey asked teachers to measure the effectiveness of principals technological
leadership, teachers technological literacy, and teaching effectiveness.

The survey sent randomly to the Director of Academic Affairs Division of each
elementary school.

The Director randomly selected the teachers based on the cover letter sent to the
school.
The survey asked teachers to evaluate the principals role in leading and
facilitating technology use, teachers technological literacy and teaching
effectiveness in their schools.

Data Collection Methods/Data Source:

The survey was randomly sent to the Director of Academic Affairs Division of each
elementary school. Then, the Director randomly selected the teachers based on the
cover letter sent to the school. The survey asked teachers to evaluate the principals role
in leading and facilitating technology use, teachers technological literacy and teaching
effectiveness in their schools. The respondents in this study were teachers (i.e., tenured
teachers, mentor teachers, teachers serving as administrators and directors) reporting to
their principals. To encourage the return rate, follow up thank you postcards and
personal contacts were made until a satisfactory percentage of participants completed
the questionnaire. Of the 1,000 questionnaires distributed, 60.5% were returned.
Demographic variables provide a descriptive profile of those individuals who responded
to the survey
Data Analysis:
The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to test how well the model
captured the relationships between these quantities.
This research empirically investigated the relationships among principals technological
leadership, teachers technological literacy, and teaching effectiveness and tested the
structural equation model (SEM). SPSS was used to calculate scale reliabilities (the
Cronbachs alpha) and to perform factor analyses. The final SEM model was done with
LISREL.

RESULTS
Findings or Results (or main points of the article):
The results of the common fit indices clearly indicate that the model fits the data quite
well. The findings show that principals technological leadership improves teachers'
technological literacy and directly encourages teachers to integrate technology into their
teaching. Furthermore, teachers technological literacy directly affects their effectiveness.
Principals technological leadership also makes teachers more effective. Principals

technological leadership, as mediated by teachers technological literacy, can affect

teaching effectiveness.
DISCUSSIONS
Conclusions/Implications (for your profession):
Principals as technological leaders must develop and implement vision and technology
plans for their schools, encourage the technological development and training of
teachers, provide sufficient technological infrastructure support, and develop an effective
school-evaluation plan. As a result it is suggested that principals, as technology leaders,
must develop and implement a vision and technology plan for their schools.
REFLECTIONS
Students Reflections (changes to your understanding; implications for your
school/work):
At last Decade it is crucial for principals and school administrators to be aware of the
technology, how to implement it into the curriculum and guide their teachers how to
implement it while teaching so that schools will be able to better serve their students.
Technological leadership has become one of the most important qualities for principals.
That means that the principal follows the technology closely and knows what
technological devices serve best for their school, integrate them into the curriculum and
provide vision. The level of support and encouragement on technology integration will
definitely determine the level of teachers and staffs dedication on utilizing the
technology in their classrooms.
A principals leadership of technology is important and influence other admins and
teachers in the school. Principles are effective on teacher while as they are effective on
education. Therefore I support that, principals technology leadership is very significant
to influence teachers point of view about their technological development and
technology implementation into teaching. If the principal is only telling others to use
technology in education, it will not be an effective suggestion on them.