RIL JAMNAGAR

HSE&F - F 001

FIRE TRAINING

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRE
AND
CLASSIFICATION
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RIL JAMNAGAR

HSE&F - F 001

WHAT IS FIRE ? - DEFINITION

Fire is a chemical reaction, in which
substance (fuel) combines with oxygen. The
reaction is exothermic and usually
associated with emission of light and
smoke.

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RIL JAMNAGAR

HSE&F - F 001

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RIL JAMNAGAR

HSE&F - F 001

CONTINUOUS
IGNITION
DIFFUSION

SOLID

VAPOURIZA
TION

DISTILLATION

VAPOUR

LIQUID

INTERFACE

GAS

SOLID

RADIATION FEEDBACK

UNINHIBITED
CHAIN
REACTION

PYROLYTIC

RADIATION FEEDBACK

FLAMING AND/OR SURFACE (GLOW)

NO INPUT
ENERGY
REQUIRED

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RIL JAMNAGAR

HSE&F - F 001
H*

H*+O2
OH+H2

H2 O

H+O2

OH*+H 2

O*+H2

OH*

OH*+H2

H*
H2O

O+H2
H2 O
H*+O2

OH*
H2 O

O*+H2

OH*+H2

OH*
H*

H*+O2

OH*
H*

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RIL JAMNAGAR

HSE&F - F 001

ELEMENTS OF FIRE
THUS THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF FIRE ARE :
FUEL
AIR (OXYGEN)
HEAT
CHAIN REACTION

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RIL JAMNAGAR

HSE&F - F 001

SOME DEFINITIONS
FLASH POINT : Lowest Temperature at which
flammable liquid gives off sufficient vapours to
give momentary flash when ignited by a pilot
flame
FIRE POINT/IGNITION TEMPERATURE
Lowest Temperature at which flammable liquid
gives off sufficient vapours for sustained burning
when ignited by a pilot flame

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RIL JAMNAGAR

HSE&F - F 001

FLAMMABLE/EXPLOSIVE LIMITS
It is the range of concentration of flammable
vapours/gases in air by % v/v within which the
flame is sustained.
Lower flammable/explosive limit
Upper flammable/explosive limit
AUTO-IGINITION TEMPERATURE

Lowest temperature to which a closed / merely

closed container must be heated in order that the
liquid when introduced in that container ignite
spontaneously.
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HSE&F - F 001

IGNITION SOURCES

Electricity
Smoking
Incendiaries
Hot surfaces
Open flames
Cutting & welding
sparks

Friction
Spontaneous ignition
Chemical reactions
Pyrophoric/ oxidising
materials
Static charge
Lightning

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RIL JAMNAGAR

HSE&F - F 001

FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT PRINCIPLES

Starvation
Smothering
Cooling
Chain Inhibition

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RIL JAMNAGAR

HSE&F - F 001

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
Class A : Ordinary Combustible Fire
Class B : Flammable Liquid Fire
Class C : Flammable Gas Fire
Class D : Metal Fire
Fires involving Electrical Equipment
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RIL JAMNAGAR

HSE&F - F 001

FIRE EXTINCTION
CLASS OF
FIRE

PRINCIPLE OF
EXTINGUISHMENT

EXTINGUISHING
MEDIA

COOLING

WATER

STARVATION

FOAM

SMOTHERING

CARBON-DIOXIDE

INHIBITION OF
ACTIVE RADICALS

DRY CHEMICAL
POWDER

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HSE&F - F 001

COOLING BY WATER
APPLICATION OF WATER
DIRECT EFFECTLOWERING OF TEMPERATURE
INDIRECT EFFECTSMOTHERING AND DILUTION OF
VAPOURS DUE TO STEAM
GENERATION
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RIL JAMNAGAR

HSE&F - F 001

SMOTHERING BY FOAM

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RIL JAMNAGAR

HSE&F - F 001

INHIBITION OF CHAIN REACTION BY

DCP ( NaHCO3)
WHEN DRY CHEMICAL POWDER DECOMPOSES2NaHCO3 --------> Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Na2CO3 ----------->Na2O + CO2
Na2O + H2O -----> 2NaOH
NaOH + H* -------> Na* + H2O
NaOH + OH* -----> NaO* + H2O
Nao* + H* --------> NaOH
Na* + OH* --------> NaOH

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