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1. Considérons le système fermé constitué à l’état 1 par l’air du pneu (pression p0,
volume V0 et température T0) et l’air situé dans le réservoir (température T0), et à
l’état 2 par l’air du pneu après gonflage (pression p2 et volume V0).
Les trois équations d’états correspondant aux deux états initiaux et à l’état final
s’écrivent :
p 0 ⋅ V0 = n0 ⋅ R ⋅ T0 (1)
p1 ⋅ V1 = n1 ⋅ R ⋅ T0 (2 )
2. Le Premier Principe donne, compte tenu que le gonflage est adiabatique, le bilan
énergétique :
V0
∆U = W = − ∫p 1 ⋅ dV = p1 ⋅ V1 (4)
V0 +V1
Calculons :
p1 ⋅ V1 = (n0 + n1 ) ⋅ Cv ⋅ (T2 − T0 )
p 2 ⋅ V0
n1 ⋅ R ⋅ T0 = (n0 + n1 ) ⋅ Cv ⋅ − T0
(n0 + n1) ⋅ R
p ⋅ V − T0 ⋅ (n0 + n1 ) ⋅ R
n1 ⋅ R ⋅ T0 = CV ⋅ 2 0
R
C C ⋅n
n1 = 2 V ⋅ ( p 2 ⋅ V0 − T0 ⋅ n0 ⋅ R ) − V 1
R ⋅ T0 R
R + CV C
n1 ⋅ = 2 V ⋅ ( p 2 ⋅ V 0 − p 0 ⋅ V0 )
R R ⋅ T0
CV
n1 = ⋅ ( p 2 ⋅ V0 − p0 ⋅ V0 )
R ⋅ T0 ⋅ C P
p 0 ⋅ V0
n0 =
R ⋅ T0
p 2 ⋅ V0
T2 =
(n0 + n1 ) ⋅ R
Olivier HERBIET Thermodynamique
Exercice 4 : Premier principe – Energie interne
A.N. :
n1 = 0.764mol
n0 = 1.807 mol
T2 = 327.6 K ou 54.6°C
n ⋅ R ⋅ dT = V ⋅ dp
Donc :
(n0 + n1 ) ⋅ R ⋅ (T3 − T2 ) = V0 ⋅ ( p3 − p 2 )
(n0 + n1 ) ⋅ R ⋅ (T3 − T2 )
p3 = + p2
V0
A.N. :
T3 = 293K
p3 = 3.1 ⋅ 10 5 Pa ou 3.1bar
p3 < p 2
QV = n ⋅ CV ⋅ ∆T
Soit
QV = (n0 + n1) ⋅ CV ⋅ (T3 − T2 )
A.N. :
QV = −1860 J