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Annotated Bibliography

The Relationship Between Depression and Exercise

Emily Reece
Professor Malcolm Campbell
English 1103
October 19, 2015

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Annotated Bibliography
Craft, Lynette L. and Frank M. Perna. The Benefits of Exercise for the Clinically Depressed.
Prim Care Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 6.3 (2004): 104-111. Web. 19 Oct 2015
This article overviews several case studies about the relationship between exercise and
depression. Dr. Lynette L. Craft and Dr. Frank M. Perna, look at cases dating all the way
to the 1960s up to 2003. They also develop hypotheses related to their findings. The cases
they study involve pairing certain types of therapy (Cognitive, psychotherapy, etc.) with

Stephen Dillon 10/22/2015 8:57 AM

Comment [1]: What are the researchers
backgrounds? Would they be likely to have a
skewed view of the research or be more objective
because of this?

exercise and seeing the effects these factors have on clinically depressed people. In all of
the case studies, exercise always improves depression in some way. Generally, it
improves the overall mood of an individual, but changes in levels of depression were
found too. To determine why this is, Dr. Craft and Dr. Perna created hypotheses, testing
various factors that may contribute. These hypotheses include: Thermogenic hypothesis,
Endorphin hypothesis, Monoamine Hypothesis, Distraction Hypothesis and the SelfEfficiency Hypothesis. Each hypothesis was tested and outlined in their article. This
source is very useful in analyzing the science side of my topic by studying the chemicals
in the brain and other factors that improve depression. Both authors have multiple levels

Stephen Dillon 10/22/2015 8:59 AM

Comment [2]: What factors did they test? Any
opinion on how they tested them?

Stephen Dillon 10/22/2015 9:10 AM

Comment [3]: Any one in particular you find
more convincing? What was the conclusion of the
research? Do you agree?

Stephen Dillon 10/22/2015 9:16 AM

This article examines the sensory, physiological and psychological mechanisms that

Comment [4]: You might also find the references

at the bottom of the article useful to look at. You
dont need to look at every single one, but it could
give you some talking points about the credibility of
the research and where the researchers are coming
from. Plus, it could give you something else to put in
your bib.

Also, you might want to include the fact that the
article is hosted on a government website, or even
bibliographize the website itself.

influence what we eat, and how it affects us. Moods and emotions are taken into account.

Comment [5]: Maybe elaborate a little?

It is stated that eating a meal will alter your mood in some way, however the question is

Comment [6]: You may want to stick with

articles that arent bared with pay walls, but you can
get the full article through the Atkins website search
(not sure if you used google to find it or not)

Elaborating on the points I listed before will help
flush out the summary.

of higher education, making this extremely credible.

Gibson, Edward Leigh. Emotional Influences on Food Choice: Sensory, Physiological, and
Psychological Pathways. Physiology and Behavior (2006): 53-61. Web 21 Oct. 2015.

Stephen Dillon 10/22/2015 9:06 AM

Stephen Dillon 10/22/2015 9:37 AM

how your mood is altered and if certain foods/food groups play a role in this. Unusual

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foods, or foods that an individual doesnt usually consume-unhealthy foods- can result in
a negative mood. If food is proportioned correctly, based on the individual, an increase in
positive mood is seen.
Johnsgard, Keith W. The Exercise Prescription for Depression and Anxiety. New York: Plenum
Press, 1989. Print.
This book focuses on the psychological benefits of exercise and provides in depth case
studies of how powerful simple levels of exercise can vastly change a person. The author
uses specific case studies that show even the most severe cases of depression can be
treated without the use of prescription medicines. The author uses a patient dealing with
large amounts of guilt and hopelessness to show the effectiveness of the mind and
exercise. The patient was prescribed exercise. For one hour a day, the patient was to
speed walk or jog and think of nothing but his guilt. The results were overwhelming and
the evidence was clear. Exercise truly does work and any patient has the ability to
alleviate symptoms of depression on their own, without the use of prescription drugs. The
author, Keith W. Johnsgard, is very reliable because he not only has a PhD but he also
has over 30 years of experience in psychotherapy. He is also well recognized in the
fitness world. Johnsgard uses many credible sources cited in his research as well as
personal experience, which makes this an excellent source overall. This source is useful
in showing how psychotherapy can be paired with exercise and lowering symptoms of
depression.
Mayo Clinic Staff. "Depression (major Depressive Disorder)." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation
for Medical Education and Research, 10 Oct. 2014. Web. 25 Oct. 2015.

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This website explains the benefits that exercise can have on depression and anxiety. This
website is put together by the Mayo Clinic and written in ways that anybody can
understand. They explain what happens when exercising and the effects it has on your
brain and overall well being. Exercise helps prevent numerous health problems like high
blood pressure and diabetes. It can also help to improve anxiety and overall mood of an
individual. Exercise can also help keep any symptoms of anxiety or depression from
returning. The website outlines some key things that take place when exercising. Feelgood chemicals are released in the brain, immune system chemicals that can worsen
depression are reduced, and body temperature is increased which can create a calming
effect. All of these things can lead to more confidence, less worry and better coping
skills, which in turn will ultimately help fight depression. This website also shows that a
structured exercise plan is not the only way to go. There are many ways to get exercise
than the common gym time. Many people will see a difference just from going on a
walk, biking to work, or swimming. This website is a very common, popular source as it
provides information on how to treat things as simple as a common cold, to more
complex things like depression. The Mayo Clinic is filled with highly experienced
doctors who conduct research on a wide range of topics.

{Solid sources, again its just elaboration to help flush everything out. Throwing in a few
opinions and including some subjective pieces will help, and itll provide different points of
view.}