research

crazy diamond

Syd barrett was the first psychic pop writer to rival john lennon
syd barrett, jimi Hendrix, Brian jones, jim Morrison were the brightest

talents who fell victim to drugs

barrett and his Cambridge friends were among the first to try the mind
expanding drug LSD
Barrett turned increasingly to drugs for escape
He became estranged and stopped performing with Pink Floyd, for the last
35 years of his life
Impact of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on Children and Youth
Music provides entertainment and distraction from problems and serves as a way
to relieve tension and boredom
Some studies have reported that adolescents use popular music to deal with
loneliness and to take control of their emotional status or mood
Adolescents use music in their process of identity formation and their music
preference provides them a means to achieve group identity and integration into the youth
culture
Some authors have suggested that popular music provides adolescents with the
means to resolve unconscious conflicts related to their particular developmental stage and
that their music preference might reflect the level of turmoil of this stage
Female adolescents are more likely than male adolescents to use music to reflect
their emotional state, in particular when feeling lonely or down. Male adolescents, on
the other hand, are more likely to use music as a stimulant, as a way to boost their
energy level, or to create a more positive image of themselves
survey performed in the early 1990s of 2760 American adolescents aged 14
through 16 years revealed that they listened to music an average of 40 hours per week
In another study in 2000, North et al4 found that a sample of 2465 adolescents in
England reported listening to music for an average of 2.45 hours per day
On a study performed in 2005 to assess media use of 8- to 18-year-olds in the
United States, Roberts et al25 reported that on a given day, 85% of 8- to 18-year-olds
listen to music. Although time devoted to listening to music varies with age group,
American youth listen to music from 1.5 to 2.5 hours per day
A study with 100 fourth- through sixth-graders revealed that 98% of these
children listened to popular music, 72% of them on most days or every day.30
Furthermore, it has been reported that children 8 to 10 years of age listen to music an
average of 1 hour per day
Research on popular music has explored several areas such as its effects on
schoolwork, social interactions, mood and affect and particularly behavior

 Lyrics have become more explicit in their references to drugs, sex, and violence
over the years.
Lyrics of some music genres, such as rock, heavy metal, rap, and new emerging
genres such as reggaeton, have been found to revolve around topics such as sexual
promiscuity, death, homicide, suicide, and substance abuse
Approximately 17% of male adolescents and 25% of female adolescents
expressed that they liked their favorite songs specifically because the lyrics were a
reflection of their feelings
effects of popular music on behavior, several studies have demonstrated that
preference for certain types of music could be correlated or associated with certain
behaviors,*such as the association of drug and alcohol use with rave music or
electronic music dance events
Heavy metal music-listening has also been associated with increased depression,
delinquency risk behavior, smoking, and conduct problems
MTV had the highest percentage of alcohol representation and also the highest
percentage of videos that portrayed smoking behaviors (25.7%). Of these videos, rap
music videos showed a higher content of alcohol or tobacco use than did other types of
videos
In 2003, Wingwood et al89 reported on a study in which 522 black female
adolescents with a median exposure to rap music videos of 14 hours per week were
followed for 12 months. After controlling for all the covariates, greater exposure to rap
music videos was independently associated with a wide variety of risky behaviors such as
increased promiscuity and use of drugs and alcohol
5 grams
Rappers boast about crack and selling, rags to riches Jay Z is an example
[h]ip hop music is black American music. Even with its hybridity.
There is also Fat Joe, who, in his 2004 hit,Lean Back, describes how he got his
other name, Joey Crack
two images, one is 50 cent in get rich or die trying poster holding pistol and
microphone in christlike pose other is a Reebok sneaker ad, which features Jay-Z, whose
life similarly reflects 50s rise from crack dealer to rap star to corporate executive.
The ad is split into two panels
rags-to-riches, streets-to-boardroom-suites success stories have become some of
the most recognizable identity myths at the core of the rap industry. The significance of
this mythology, however, liesnot in the mere fact that street and suite are fused, but in the
characteization of both crack and rap as specific kinds of work
rap artists also call crack work. This can be heard, forexample, in Boot Camp

Cliks warning to stash the work in your sock to avoid getting knocked by the
police. Or in Jay-Zs boast about having whole blocks pumping my work.
Jay-Zs description of how he transitioned from Marcy Projectsa large
public housing development in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn

to the record industry. In his words, he entered the rap game with hundreds of
thousands of dollars: Nine to be exact from grinding G-packs.

clipsea Virginia-based duo whose entire oeuvre revolves primarily around

intricately constructed metaphors that all relate back to cocaine basebecame

famous through their debut single, Grindin

Incorporating cocaine into biblical allusions, Pusha T raps, My grinds about

family, never been about fame/ Some days I wasnt Able, there was always Cain.

Raekwon the Chefan original member of the highly influential New York

City
based group, Wu-Tang Clanwho includes a picture of himself in the liner notes of his
famous first album, Only Built for Cuban Linx which shows him cooking up crack on the
stove, clearly suggesting how he got the name Chef
raps connection to crack can best be seen in the chorus of a Juelz Santana
song called, simply, I am Crack: Touch the coke, touch the pot, add the soda

what you got: Me.

MUSIC ENCYCLOPEDIA
the use of heroin among the major jazz artists of the 1950s, such as Charlie
Parker, Miles Davis, and Chet Baker, was both a product of a desire to set up barriers
between the artist and the audienceto be detached and cooland part of the coping
mechanism black musicians used to deal with the daily miseries and humiliations of
being black in 1950s America.
effects of LSD directly influenced the sound of psychedelic music and the
response of the audience. The three-minute dance song was replaced by the 20-minute
meandering guitar exposition absorbed earnestly by young people sitting on the floor
gently nodding.
all-night dancing requires some form of stimulant drug simply to stay awake; so
cocaine and amphetamines were used by 20s flappers, 50s rock n rollers, and 70s
punks.
Musicians have always been located in the out-field of society.
The musician is also an artist and may well exhibit all the anxieties, insecurities,
and frailties attending the drive to create
musician has to operate in one of the toughest, most unforgiving of industries
Charlie Parker death wish. This is the belief that because highly gifted musicians
such as Parker, Miles Davis, Jimi Hendrix, and John Lennon used drugs, that is what one
has to do to be a creative genius. The reality of course, is that these musicians were
exceptional in spite of the drugs, not because of them.

 There is no question that at a certain level, moderate use of marijuana and alcohol
will engender a feeling of relaxation that can facilitate the flow of ideas and also reduce
inhibitions
In the late 1980s, Charlie Watts said of 25 years in the Rolling Stones, It's been
five years of playing and 20 years of hanging about. Drug and alcohol use can simply be
a way to relieve the boredom of hours spent in airport lounges, hotel rooms, and studios.
substance misuse appears inextricably woven into the fabric of the music
business, and therefore it is not surprising that musicians want to write about their drug
and alcohol experiences as they write about a range of topics that affect their lives. But
this has left the business mired in controversy as claims are made that musicians are
encouraging the use of drugs among their young audiences and that they have a duty as
role models to be more the model citizen than many of them can seem to manage.
This dates to the 1930s, when jazz musicians under the threat of heavy prison
sentences would sing about reefer and muggles (marijuana); kicking the gong around
(opium smoking), and wacky dust (cocaine)
A study by Brian Primack, Madeline Dalton, Mary Carroll, Aaron Agarwal, and
Michael Fine, published in 2008, made much of the amount of time young people are
exposed to music as opposed to health education in schools.
debate continues about whether the Beatles song Lucy in the Sky with
Diamonds was really about LSD; even the Beatles have made contradictory comments
on this point.
These songs are focused on the individual experience of the composer, but there
have been a plethora of songs from black soul, hip-hop, and rap musicians commenting
on the devastation that drugs, especially heroin and crack, have wrought within the black
community. Songs about marijuana err more on the positive side, most prominently in
reggae, where marijuana (ganja) is regarded by Rastafarians as a religious sacrament in
much the same way that wine is used in Catholicism.

Content Analysis of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs in Popular Music

used Billboard magazine to identify the most popular songs of 2005

Of the 279 songs, 93 (33.3%) portrayed substance use, with an average of 35.2
substance references per song-hour
1 or more references in 3 of 35 pop songs (9%), 9 of 66 rock songs (14%), 11 of
55 R&B/hip-hop songs (20%), 22 of 61 country songs (36%), and 48 of 62 rap songs
(77%).

 The average adolescent is exposed to approximately 84 references to explicit

substance use daily in popular songs, and this exposure varies widely by musical genre.
98% of children and adolescents live in homes with radio and CD or MP3 players,
and 86% of 8- to 18-year-old children and adolescents have CD or MP3 players in their
bedrooms.
health behavior theory strongly supports a link between music exposure and
substance use. According to the social learning model, human beings learn not only by
direct experience but also by exposure to modeled behavior, such as that represented in
popular music
Music is well-known to connect deeply with adolescents and to influence identity
development
Several years ago, a content analysis published by the Office of National Drug
Control Policy showed that multiple messages related to substance use are present in
music lyrics and music videos. Of the top 1000 popular songs they studied, 18%
referenced illicit drugs
Another report24 found that, of 258 popular music videos, 20% verbally
referenced illicit drugs and 37% displayed alcohol. In every case, marijuana was the
illicit drug most commonly represented.23,24
Overall, 116 of the 279 unique songs (41.6%) had a substance use reference of
any kind (explicit, figurative, place, or wallpaper). Ninety-three songs (33.3%)
contained explicit substance use references.