X AND R CHART EXAMPLE

IN-CLASS EXERCISE

The following collection of data represents

samples of the amount of force applied in
a gluing process:
Determine if the process is in control
by calculating the appropriate upper and
lower
control limits of the X-bar and R charts.

X AND R CHART EXAMPLE

IN-CLASS EXERCISE
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Obs 1
10.68
10.79
10.78
10.59
10.69
10.75
10.79
10.74
10.77
10.72
10.79
10.62
10.66
10.81
10.66

Obs 2
10.689
10.86
10.667
10.727
10.708
10.714
10.713
10.779
10.773
10.671
10.821
10.802
10.822
10.749
10.681

Obs 3
10.776
10.601
10.838
10.812
10.79
10.738
10.689
10.11
10.641
10.708
10.764
10.818
10.893
10.859
10.644

Obs 4
10.798
10.746
10.785
10.775
10.758
10.719
10.877
10.737
10.644
10.85
10.658
10.872
10.544
10.801
10.747

Obs 5
10.714
10.779
10.723
10.73
10.671
10.606
10.603
10.75
10.725
10.712
10.708
10.727
10.75
10.701
10.728

1. Calculate sample means, sample

ranges, mean of means, and mean of
ranges.

Example of x-bar and R charts: Step 2.

Determine Control Limit Formulas and
Necessary Tabled Values
x Chart Control Limits
UCL = x + A 2 R
LCL = x - A 2 R
R Chart Control Limits
UCL = D 4 R
LCL = D3 R

n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

A2
1.88
1.02
0.73
0.58
0.48
0.42
0.37
0.34
0.31
0.29

D3
0
0
0
0
0
0.08
0.14
0.18
0.22
0.26

D4
3.27
2.57
2.28
2.11
2.00
1.92
1.86
1.82
1.78
1.74

Example of x-bar and R charts:

Steps 3&4. Calculate x-bar Chart
and Plot Values
UCL = x + A2 R 10.728 .58( 0.2204 )=10.856
LCL = x - A2 R 10.728-.58( 0.2204 )=10.601
10.900
10.850

Means

10.800
10.750
10.700

Sample
mean
UCL

10.650

LCL

10.600

grand
mean of x

10.550
1

Sample

10

11

12

13

14

15

Steps 5&6: Calculate R-chart and

Plot Values
UCL = D 4 R ( 2.11)(0.2204) 0.46504
LCL = D 3 R (0)(0.2204) 0