TILLAGE

(I YEAR AGRICULTURE)

consists of body,
shaft pole, share
and handle. It is
drawn
with
bullocks. It cuts a V
shaped furrow and
opens the soil but
there
is
no
inversion.
Ploughing
operation is also
not
perfect
because
some
unploughed strip is
always
left
between
furrows.
This is reduced by
cross
ploughing,
but
even
then
small
squares
remain
unploughed.

Wooden plough or
Indigenous plough

important plough for primary tillage

in canal irrigated or heavy rain
areas where too much weeds grow.
The objective for ploughing with a
Mould Board is to completely invert
and pulverize the soil, up-root all
weeds, trash and crop residues and
bury them under the soil. The shape
of mould Board is designed to cut
down the soil and invert it to right
side,
completely
burying
the
undesired
growth
which
is
subsequently turned into manure
after decomposition.
The parts of mouldboard plough are
frog or body, mouldboard or wing,
share, landside, connecting, rod,
bracket and handle. This type of
plough leaves no unploughed land
as the furrow slices are cut clean
and inverted to one side resulting
in better pulverisation. The animal
drawn mouldboard plough is small,
ploughs to a depth of 15 cm, while
two mouldboard ploughs which are
bigger in size are attached to the
tractor and ploughed to a depth of
25 to 30 cm. Mouldboard ploughs
are used where soil inversion is
necessary. Victory plough is an
animal drawn mouldboard plough
with a short shaft.

MOULD BOARD PLOUGH

MOULD BOARD PLOUGH

DISC
Disc plough, during
operation,
PLOUGHthe

discs
by
its
rotating to turn the
soil, particularly, it
is
suitable
for
operation on the
field with grasses,
straw and stems of
crops or plants, big
soil resistance and
with many stones
and brickbat, etc.
in the field. It is
good at cutting the
grasses and straw ,
free from
being
stopped
by
the
grasses,
soil
or
stones, etc.

two mould boards,

one for turning the
soil to the right and
another to the left.
The
share
is
common for both the
mould boards i.e.
double
winged.
These mould boards
are mounted on a
common body. The,
ridge plough is used
to split the field into
ridges and furrows
and for earthing up
of
crops.
Ridge
ploughs are used to
make broad bed and
furrows by attaching
two ridge ploughs
on a frame at 150em
spacing
between
them.

RIDGE
PLOUGH

RIDGE PLOUGH

Chisel plough is used

for
breaking
hard
pans and for deep
ploughing (60-70 cm)
with less disturbance
to the top layers. Its
body
is
thin
with
replaceable
cutting
edge so as to have
minimum disturbance
to the top layers. It
contains a replaceable
share to shatter the
lower layers.

Chisel
plough

Secondary tillage
implements
Cultivator

The
disc
harrow
consists of a number of
concave discs of 45 to
55 cm in diameter.
These discs are smaller
in
size
than
disc
plough,
but
more
number of discs are
arranged on a frame.
These discs are fitted
15cm apart on axles.
Two sets of discs are
mounted on two axles.
All the discs revolve
together with axles.
The discs cut through
the soil and effectively
pulverise the clods.

Disc harrow

consists
of
a
number of concave
discs of 45 to 55
cm
in
diameter.
These
discs
are
smaller in size than
disc plough, but
more number of
discs are arranged
on a frame. These
discs
are
fitted
15cm
apart
on
axles. Two sets of
discs are mounted
on two axles. All
the discs revolve
together
with
axles. The discs cut
through the soil
and
effectively
pulverise the clods.

Disc harrow

These tynes open

the furrows into
which the seeds
are dropped. Holes
are
made
into
these tynes and
into these holes,
the bottom ends of
bamboo or metal
seed
tubes
are
fitted. These seed
tubes
are
connected at the
top to a wooden
seed
receptacle
called hopper. The
seeds are fed at a
uniform rate 'into
this
hopper
by
skilled
labour
walking behind the
seed drill.

Seed drill

Paddy transplanter

Paddy transplanter

CORN
SEEDER
Corn
seeder
and
fertilizer
applicator
to
sow
maize
seeds
and
apply fertilizers
inplains
and
hilly areas.

HARVESTER

POST HARVEST
TECHNOLOGY

Threshers
Multicrop thresher

Paddy thresher

Rice milling machine

Rice milling process

COCONUT PRODUCTS
Snow ball coconut

COCONUT PRODUCTS

Virgin coconut oil

Nata-de-coco