Autumn K-13

Jack Orozco
Chapter 6 Statistics Project
In chapter 6, The Binomial Probability Distribution and
Related Topics, the chapter goes into depth on binomial probabilities
and important ideas that goes along with the chapter. Some of the
main ideas in the chapter that well be writing about are random
variables, probability distribution, mean, binomial experiment, and
many other. To allow you to depend your knowledge and better
understand the concepts found in chapter 6 we will be explaining the
different definitions found in the chapter, how they relate to each
other and we will use examples to help explain some of the
concepts.
One of the first major topics discussed in Chapter was random
variable, and discrete and continuous random variables. A random
variable, is a value that x takes on in a given experiment or
observation is a chance or random outcome. A discrete random
variable is a set of data that can only take on a finite number of
values, while a continuous random variable can take on a
countless number of values in a line interval. For example, a discrete
random variable could be the amount of houses in a given area,
while an example of a continuous random variable could be the
amount of rainfall in a given hour. Because we cannot have a half a
house, this variable becomes discrete and making rainfall
continuous
The second major topic discussed in segment one was
probability distribution. Probability distribution, is an assignment
of probabilities to each distinct value of a discrete random variable
or to each interval of values of a continuous random variable. A key
component of the probability distribution is the fact that the
probability distribution has a probability assigned to each distinct
value of a random variable, and the second is the sum must add up

to 1. The mean in a probability distribution, is most always the

expected value of x and the standard deviation is the sum of all
values over the random variable.
To calculate the mean and standard deviation for
probability distribution, there are several ways. The first is using a
calculator, where you would enter data values in your L1 and L2
lists, and then multiply by two lists by adding a comma between the
L1 and L2 lists. The second option is to determine the N,P, and R.
The N is the number of fixed trails that are independent, P is the
probability of success, Q is the probability of failure of each trial (1P= Q), and R is the probability of success of N trials. Once the N, P,
and R have been determined, multiply the N and P together get the
mean, and to determine the standard deviation, multiply the N, P,
and Q values and take the square root of the total.
One of the third major concepts in chapter six is expected
value. An expected value is where you use variables such as N and
P to predict a probability of an outcome of an event. One way you
can find the expected value is by conducting a binomial
experiment. A binomial experiment uses an event that only has
two outcomes, which is either failure or success. It also has a
probability or likelihood that it is going to have one or the other
outcome, which is P (success) or Q (failure). N is the number of
events and R is the trials.
An example of a binomial experiment would be taking a test
with 4 questions and 4 possible answers and not knowing the right
answer for any of them. Therefore, you have the same probability
of picking the wrong or right answer, which is of 25%. Now let's say
that you want to find the probability that youll get all 4 questions
right. There are a few different methods that can be used to find the
answer to the question. The first one is using binomial probability
table and finding n,which would be 4, then moving down to where r
is equal to 4 and moving to the left to where p is equal to 25%. The
answer you should get is .004. Another method is using your

calculator. When using the calculator you have to click 2nd, vars,
then find binomcdf, which is half way down the page. Then you're
going to plug your numbers in the calculator, which should look like
this binomcdf(4, .25, 4) and you should get .004. A few other
formulas that you can use are binompdf(n, p, r,) when you want
r#or r < # and 1-binompdf(n, p, r,) r#or r > #. The formula without
using the calculator is Cn,r prqn-r.
You can also find the mean and standard deviation for a
binomial distribution, which you can either find on the calculator
on by using the equations for them. When trying to find the mean
and standard deviation on the calculator you must first know the
the r and P(x) and set them up in a table. Once you have them set up
in a table go to your calculator, click Stat, go to edit, and plug r into
L1then plug P(x) into L2. Once you have everything plugged into
L1and L2click Stat, arrow over to CALC, go to 1-Ver Stats, click
enter, click 2nd 1, click the comma, then click 2nd 2 and enter. After
that you should get a list and the X bar is your mean and x is your
standard deviation. Another method to finding the mean is to use
=n*p and you can use=(n*p*q)to find the standard deviation. What
the standard deviation tells you is the range that your data should
fall between and it shows the outliers. What the mean tells you is the
average of your binomial experiment and it helps predict the
outcome of the binomial experiment.
1.A) In the problem 1a found on pg. 260, it asks you to find the
amount of money you contribute to the state. In order to calculate
the amount that you would contribute to the state when buying a
Powerball we first found the odds of not winning a prize, which we
calculated by taking the probability of winning a prize and
minusing 1 and we got .9715. Then we plugged the prize
numbers and the probability of winning the prize amount into our
calculator table, like in the table below. After we plugged
everything into the table we went to 1-Var Stats and L1 and L2
then and we found the mean, which is the average price earned

back and then we minuses 1 and got the average answer of 77

cents paid to the state.
Probability of winning a prize is .0285
not winning a prize1-.0285= 0.9715 or 97%
=.226
contribution = 77 cents
L1

L2
0

0.9715

$3

0.0162

$4

0.0081

$7

0.00127

$7

0.00279

$100

0.0000733

$100

0.0000525

$10,000

0.00000138

$200,000

0.000000195

$10,000,000

0.00000000512

1b) Expected winnings .30

yes the probability does change due to the pot rising
because it cause you to have a slimmer chance of winning. We
found this answer by going back to the table and changing the the
10 million to 25 million and going through the same process we
went throw in one. Then we found the mean, which is 30 cents so
then we minused 1 and got 70 cents. After that we compared it
with our data above and found that there was a 7 cent difference
from the answer above, which means there is a slimmer chance
of getting the pot at 25 million.

L1

L2
0

0.9715

$3

0.0162

$4

0.0081

$7

0.00127

$7

0.00279

$100

0.0000733

$100

0.0000525

$10,000

0.00000138

$200,000

0.000000195

$25,000,00

0.00000000512

1.C) Winning Lottery Numbers: 16, 19, 32, 34, 57, and 13
(powerball). Using a random number table and finding number
that fit into the 1 to 59 range for the general numbers and the 1 to
39 for the powerball. Numbers that didnt fit into the range were
not counted in the data values.
Our ten lottery ticket numbers are:
1. 28, 38, 13, 50, 43, and 05 (powerball)
2. 50, 40, 53, 58, 94, and 03 (powerball)
3. 48, 53, 51, 42, 08, and 26 (powerball)
4. 48, 39, 37, 06, 43, and 23 (powerball)
5. 56, 45, 03, 09, 39, and 35 (powerball)
6. 46, 31, 21, 18, 30, and 28 (powerball)
7. 15, 06, 04, 41, 02, and 05 (powerball)
8. 14, 02, 15, 21, 35, and 10 (powerball)
9. 47, 50, 22, 24, 21, and 13 (powerball)
10.
33, 17, 03, 09, 13, and 28 (powerball)
In conclusion, our group didnt match any powerball numbers.

1.D) The probability of winning any prize is .1346058. To reach this

value, I pluged the trails number of 5 into the binomial pdf, and and
entered the probability of .0285, and a x value of 0. Once this value
was determined, we subtracted the answer from one and got our
answer.