Explain the picture.

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ter 4
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„earning outcomes

` At the of this lesson, students should

be able to:
` State the elements of carbohydrates

` „ist at least 2 out of 3 in oral form the

types of carbohydrates

` Explain the formation and break down of

disaccharides and polysaccharides
` Varbohydrates in starchy food are an
important source of energy that can
be used by cells.
` It contain~ carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
` In 1 molecule carbohydrate,
hydrogen: oxygen ` 2:1
 Mo osaccharides

mypes of
carbohydrates

Polysaccharides Disaccharides
2onosaccharides

` Known as simple sugar ~ main source of energy

in many cell
` „ong chain monosaccharide can combine with
proteins and lipids to form glycoproteins and
glycolipids
` Example:
Glucose ² plants & fruit, V
12 O
ructose ² sweet fruit & honey
Galactose ² found in milk
` All are reducing sugars, can act as a reducing
agent
` Sweet ² tasting
` Van dissolve in water
Disaccharides

` ormed when two monosaccharides molecules

are combined & one
2 O molecule is removed
through condensation.
condensation .
c
` Example: o
n
2altose (glucose + glucose) d
e
Sucrose (glucose + fructose) n
s
„actose (glucose + galactose)
galactose ) a
t
i
o
n
` Disaccharides can be broken down into
their constituent monosaccharides by
hydrolysis..
hydrolysis
`
ydrolysis is a reaction that involves the
addition of water.

condensation
Glucose + glucose maltose + water
hydrolysis
` 2altose ~ malt sugar
Reducing sugar
` „actose ~ milk sugar
` Sucrose ~ cane , non ² reducing sugar
` Sweet ² tasting
` Van dissolve in water
Polysaccharides

` ormed when a hundreds of

monosaccharides combine through
condensation.
` Polysaccharides are polimers formed
by the condensation of glucose
monomers.
` Insoluble in
2 O~molecule size Ń
` Do not taste sweet, do not crystallise
` Ex: starch, glycogen & cellulose
` Starch ~ found in plant (i.e. wheat,
rice, potatoes, bread & corn), main
reserve in plants
` Glycogen ~ main reserve in animals &
yeast, animal starch, highly branched
` Vell walls ~ made of cellulose,
another form of polysaccharide
` Polysaccharides can be broken down into
smaller molecules through hydrolysis by adding
diluted acid or through enzymatic reaction.

hydrolysis
Polysaccharides + water monosaccharides
@